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Reviews of Malaysian Research on Major Diseases (2000-2013)

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Reviews of Malaysian Research on Major Diseases (2000-2013) Reviews of Malaysian Research on Major Diseases (2000-2013) OfficialMJM Journal of the Malaysian Medical Association Volume 69 Supplement A August 2014 EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-Chief Lekhraj Rampal Ex-ocio Ravindran R Naidu Member Member Member Sivalingam a/l Nalliah Teng Cheong Lieng Andrew Tan Khian Khoon Member Member Anand Sachithanandan Victor Hoe Chee Wai MMA Secretariat Ra!kah PP 2121/01/2013 (031329) MCI (P) 124/1/91 ISSN 0300-5283 The Medical Journal of Malaysia is published six times a year i.e. February, April, June, August, October and December. All articles which are published, including editorials, letters and book reviews represent the opinion of the authors and are not necessarily those of the Malaysian Medical Association unless otherwise expressed. Copyright reserved © 2014 Malaysian Medical Association Advertisement Rates: Enquiries to be directed to the Secretariat. Subscription Rates: Price per copy is RM70.00 or RM300.00 per annum, for all subscribers. Secretariat Address: Malaysian Medical Association 4th Floor, MMA House, 124, Jalan Pahang, 53000 Kuala Lumpur. P.O. Box S-20, 51700 Kuala Lumpur. Tel: (03) 4042 0617, 4041 8972, 4041 1375 Fax: (03) 4041 8187 E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] Website: www.mma.org.my Printed by: New Voyager Corporation Sdn. Bhd. (514424 U) 37 Jalan Gangsa SD 5/3D, Bandar Sri Damansara, 52200 Kuala Lumpur. Tel: 03-6273 2900 Fax: 03-6272 2380 Email: [email protected] CONTENT Page • Introducing a Collection of Reviews on Major Diseases in Malaysia 01 Lim Kean Ghee, Lim Ai Wei, Goh Pik Pin • Bibliography of Clinical Research in Malaysia: Methods and Brief Results 04 Teng Cheong Lieng, Zuhanariah Mohd Nordin, Ng Chun Sien, Goh Cheng Chun Cancer Reviews • A Review of Breast Cancer Research in Malaysia 08 Yip Cheng Har, Nirmala Bhoo Pathy, Teo Soo Hwang • A Review of Colorectal Cancer Research in Malaysia 23 Lim Kean Ghee • A Review of Cervical Cancer Research in Malaysia 33 Zaridah Shaffie Mental Health Disorder Reviews • A Review of Depression Research in Malaysia 42 Ng Chong Guan • A Review of Schizophrenia Research in Malaysia 46 Chee Kok Yoon, Salina Abdul Aziz • A Review of Substance Abuse Research in Malaysia 55 Norliza Chemi, Norni Abdullah, Anandjit Singh, Mohd Fazli Mohamad Isa Infectious Disease Reviews • A Review of Dengue Research in Malaysia 59 Cheah Wee Kooi, Ng Kee Sing, Marzilawati Abdul Rahman, Lucy Lum Chai See • A Review of HIV/AIDS Research in Malaysia 68 Koh Kwee Choy • A Review of Malaria Research in Malaysia 82 Timothy William, Jayaram Menon • A Review of Tuberculosis Research in Malaysia 88 Yogarabindranath Swarna Nantha • Nipah Encephalitis - An Update 103 Sherrini Bazir Ahmad, Chong Tin Tan ii Med J Malaysia Vol 69 Supplement A August 2014 Foreword by Director General of Health The Fédération Internationale de Football Association’s 2014 World Cup saw unexpected teams beating favorites, and substitute players changing the course of games. Imagine how subdued and ordinary the games would have been if the underdogs did not rise to the occasion. They were given the opportunity to shine and they did not disappoint. Moving from the field of football to the field of medicine, how do we ensure that important research in the various therapeutic areas are given prominence and not rendered oblivious outside of the research team? Presenting our work in conferences, both local and international, is one form of spreading the word. But would the opportunity to present to perhaps several hundred people merit the cost incurred in attending? Even if it does, should we stop and be content that at least some of our colleagues are aware of our research. Indeed, this is hardly sufficient. Attending and presenting in conferences are crucial; as it encourages debate, interaction, and networking, but in order to create awareness of our work, we need a wider audience. I may risk sounding like a broken record, but I cannot overemphasise the importance of “publish or perish”, which is not only relevant for people in academia. Those of us in the Ministry of Health should also adopt this adage. If we can take it a step further, the word “perish” could be referring to the state of our medicine as well as our ability to offer best clinical care to our patients. This may sound harsh, but it is a reality we must accept. Tucking your research findings away will not benefit your colleagues, your institutions, and your country. Presenting to fellow clinicians may create a temporary buzz, but if those who heard you did not pass it on, the sizzle that you hoped to generate may just fizzle. Another worrying trend is the lack of a historical record of the research work that we have published. The World Health Organization, for example, know little about the work we do as we do not publish much, and even when we do, these papers are not easily traced as they are rarely cited. It is ironic that we want the world to recognise our publications, but we ourselves rarely read and cite work of locals. Without a proper compilation of our research, it is difficult to get the right perspective of the state of our healthcare. What are our strengths and weaknesses? What should be retained and what should be revolutionised? Thus, I commend the initiative by the Clinical Research Centre in producing this Medical Journal of Malaysia supplement which consist of 12 review articles on the major illnesses, namely cancer, infectious diseases and mental health disorders. These review articles were based on articles published on Malaysian data from 2000 to 2013. It is no easy task to search, compile and review many years of publications. Here, I thank the initiatives of Prof Teng Cheong Lieng, an academic with a keen interest in improving the repository of local research and Assoc Prof Lim Kean Ghee, who possess a vast knowledge in various diseases. Both gentlemen have published books reviewing research in Malaysia. Their experience, together with the commitment and dedication of individual clinicians from the Ministry of Health, public and private universities who put in tremendous effort and time to review the articles in their respective fields, and the interest of the Medical Journal of Malaysia to publish this supplementary issue, comes this well-researched, comprehensive, open access publication, which I hope will be read and referred to. I also hope that such projects to bring to light our homegrown efforts flourish. ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Datuk Dr Noor Hisham Abdullah Director-General of Health, Malaysia Med J Malaysia Vol 69 Supplement A August 2014 iii Foreword by Deputy Director General of Health In the 1990s, a new disorder was coined as a result of the information revolution. Dr. David Lewis, a psychologist, described the weariness and stress that result from having to deal with excessive amounts of information as information fatigue syndrome. It also comes with its own set of symptoms; paralysis of the analytical capacity, the need to constantly search for more information, increased anxiety and sleeplessness, and increased self-doubt when making a decision. We will not dwell on whether the need for another syndrome is warranted, but it is true that we are bombarded with more information than we can digest. A simple search in PubMed can generate thousands of articles, which are bound to overwhelm any new researcher. This is why systematic reviews are important. Not only does a systematic review sieve the high quality research evidence from the rest, the reviewer will also appraise and summarise the data generated in these articles. As professionals concerned about the delivery of healthcare, we should be reading systematic reviews to be aware of new data with clinical implications and the lack of data in our field of interest. As the data published in systematic reviews are meticulously analysed and succinctly written by healthcare specialists, we will have the assurance that what we read is the strongest summary of medical evidence. In this Medical Journal of Malaysia supplement, we attempted to summarise research done in our country in several clinical areas. Although the methodology we employed is not entirely similar to how a systematic review is done, our objective is the same. We wanted to highlight the important findings of the best Malaysian articles that were published. The idea of doing a historic analysis of local data may not be novel, but it is crucial. How can we prepare for the future if we do not reflect on our past? Our foundation should be laid on the work of our predecessors. Our research should emulate the strengths of their studies, and if possible, elude the limitations they report. Knowing and understanding local research is not a mere exercise of patriotism. The important findings can and should be used to practice evidence-based medicine and to deliver better healthcare policies and strategies. In addition, by knowing what we have done, we can discover what we need to do. These research gaps can perhaps be addressed by subspecialty trainees, medical doctors in post graduate training, allied health personnel as well as medical and nursing students as they do research that matters most to patients and healthcare system. In this way, their research ideas will not be redundant and resources will be concentrated in areas where we lack. This research stimulus may even give rise to one of our own as the next genius in medicine. The news of Thompson Reuters giving the distinctions of the world’s top scientific minds to two Malaysian academicians from the engineering field and one from science and technology, should spur us on. They were chosen because of the high number of articles they published and how frequently their articles were cited.
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