DOCSLIB.ORG

Assessing the Development of Children with Disability in Malaysia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Assessing the Development of Children with Disability in Malaysia 110759 NV-3-ASSESMENT 199-202.qxd 9/19/08 11:18 AM Page 199 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Assessing the Development of Children with Disability in Malaysia K L Tan, MPH* , H Yadav, FAMM* *Department of Community Medicine and Behavioural Science, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia SUMMARY appropriate schools3. Since 1986, Public Health Nurses have This is a cross-sectional study investigating the profile of been trained in the management of children with disability, children with disability registered with the primary health following which activities have been carried out by them to care clinics in Malaysia. The purpose of the study was to provide rehabilitative services3. As of December 2002, there assess the developmental stage of children with disability. were a total of 93 health centers in Malaysia providing Secondary data from the pilot project conducted by the rehabilitation services for children with disability4. In the Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health year 2002 alone, there were a total of 1,387 disabled children Malaysia was used in this study. The study period was for six below the age of seven years detected at the health clinics4. In months from 1st August 2004 until 31st January 2005. A Malaysia, the ‘Children with Special Needs Programme’ was total of 900 disabled children were selected in this study. implemented to provide special health care for children with Schedule of Growing Scale (SGS) II was used for analysis. disability. Results showed more boys than girls were affected with a ratio of 6:4. The mean total SGS score increases as the age of Studies from the developed world have used different the child increased. The score was highest in delayed speech developmental assessment tools to describe the cases and lowest in cerebral palsy cases. The performance developmental achievement among children with disability5-7. among children with delayed speech was the highest while However, most of the studies concentrate on one particular children with cerebral palsy were the lowest. There was a disability and on one particular skill area. In Malaysia, there statistically significant difference between the major ethnic has been no study to quantify or score development among groups in delayed speech and attention deficit hyperactive children with disability. disorder. The objectives of this study were: KEY WORDS: 1. To describe the characteristics of children with disability Developmental Assessment, Child Disability, Schedule of attending primary health care clinics. Growing Scale (SGS) II 2. To score the developmental assessment among children with disability using an appropriate assessment tool. 3. To determine any significant difference in the INTRODUCTION developmental assessment score among children with According to the World Health Organization (WHO), disability in the three major ethnic groups. children with disability could be defined as ‘any child unable to ensure by himself wholly or partly, the necessities of a normal individual and or social life, as a result of a deficiency MATERIALS AND METHODS either congenital or not, in his physical or mental This is a cross-sectional study investigating the profile of capabilities’1. WHO stated that 10% of the population in any children with disability registered with the primary health country around the world has some form of disability. It has care clinic in Malaysia. Secondary data from the pilot project been estimated that among the 10% of the population with conducted by the Family Health Development Division, disability, one third are among children less than 15 years Ministry of Health Malaysia was used in this study. The study old1. Translating this figure into the Malaysian population of period was for six months from 1st August 2004 until 31st 24 million, there are about 800,000 children less than 15 January 2005. A total of 40 nurses in charge of children with years old with some form of disability that requires special special needs programme were selected to participate in the care. In the Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey study. Each nurse was required to examine 10 children with 1996, the prevalence of disability among 6 to 14 year olds was special needs per month using the Denver Developmental 5.8% while the prevalence of impairment among 0 to 14 year Assessment Test (DDST) II chart and Schedule of Growing olds was 4.8%2. Scale (SGS) II for six months over the study period to assess the developmental state of these children. Each nurse was The awareness and interest in rehabilitation programme for trained on the use of DDST II chart and SGS II. Universal children with disability in Malaysia began in 1981 following sampling method was used by the nurses to select the cases the establishment of the inter-ministerial committee to plan where every child that visited the clinic was selected until the for early detection, management and placement in quota of 10 cases for each month has been reached. Through This article was accepted: 9 June 2008 Corresponding Author: Tan Kok Leong, 112, Jalan BU 7/8, Bandar Utama Damansara, 47800 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan Email: [email protected] Med J Malaysia Vol 63 No 3 August 2008 199 110759 NV-3-ASSESMENT 199-202.qxd 9/19/08 11:18 AM Page 200 Original Article out the study, the nurses were supervised by the respective This holds true in almost all the types of disability with the Family Medical Specialist or Maternal Child Health Officer in age group from 0 to 96 months. The mean total SGS score the clinic. Types of disability were diagnosed by Family was the highest (ranging from 84.0 to 174.0) in delayed Medical Specialist based on the ‘Standard Operating speech cases and across the age groups while cerebral palsy Procedure’ of the primary study. cases had the lowest score (ranging from 25.9 to 49.9). Pearson correlation, r was used to establish the association of In this study, the SGS II was used for analysis. SGS II was age with SGS score among the different types of disability. validated this year (2006) in the pilot study conducted by the The r value ranging from 0.167 to 0.695 was statistically Family Health Development Division, Ministry of Health significant at p<0.05 for all the types of disability except Malaysia. SGS II is a developmental screening procedure autism (r = 0.063) (Table II). which was based firmly on the well-known and well- respected developmental sequences designed by Dr Mary Table III showed the percentage of mean SGS scores in Sheridan8. Supplemented by a few well-tried items not relation to the mean achievable scores according to the included in Mary Sheridan’s work, SGS II was the fruit of chronological age of the cases. A higher percentage means several years of research, development and trial on children that the child’s developmental age is closer to their throughout the United Kingdom. It provides information on chronological age ability. Delayed speech scored the highest whether the child is developing normally and identifying percentage (ranging from 61.0% to 99.4%) in seven out of the which skill areas the child is delayed in. eight skill areas while cerebral palsy scored the lowest (ranging from 14.7% to 36.9%) in all the eight skill areas. The inclusion criteria in this study include all of the cases Among the different skill areas, cognitive skill had the lowest from the pilot study. The exclusion criteria include cases percentage (ranging from 14.7 to 60.2) in all the types of from East Malaysia, cases that are not Malaysian and cases at disability except for delayed speech. There were statistically age at assessment of more than 144 months (12 years old). In significant differences in the mean score among the different order to prevent repetition of cases being entered into the types of disability for all the skill areas. analysis, cases who were evaluated more than once during the study period were only entered once in reference to the The mean total SGS score among the three ethnic groups were earliest assessment date. This study included cases from four compared in relation to the different type of disability. There states involving 36 primary health care clinics. The four were statistically significant differences in the mean total states include Kelantan with six clinics involving six nurses, score among the three ethnic groups for delayed speech and Perak with eight clinics involving eight nurses, Johor with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (Table IV). Post hoc test eight clinics involving eight nurses and Selangor with using the ‘LSD’ method was used to determine which mean fourteen clinics involving fourteen nurses. pairs were significantly different. For delayed speech, significant differences were detected among Malay-Indian The scoring system for developmental assessment in the SGS (p<0.001) and Chinese-Indian (p=0.001) mean pairs. As for II was assessed in eight skill areas. The skill areas include attention deficit hyperactive disorder, significant differences locomotor, manipulative, visual, hearing and language, were detected among Malay-Chinese (p=0.038) and Malay- speech and language, interactive social, self-care social and Indian (p=0.015) mean pairs. cognitive. In each skill area, there are several skill sets. The score achieved for the child within the skill area is the sum of the scores of the single most advanced item in each skill set8. DISCUSSION Children with disability (special needs) are a group of The purpose of this study was to assess the developmental children that require special health care needs and services. stage of children with disability. Data was analyzed by using They have a chance of achieving a better quality of life if the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 11 special care through early detection and intervention is programme.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • DEVELOPMENT of Qfaa INCLUSIVE MODEL in ISLAMIC EDUCATION for STUDENT with LEARNING DISABILITY in MALAYSIA
    Norfishah Mat Rabi, Nor Hasnida Che Md Ghazali, Mohd Yusof Zulkefli, Suriyati Tumiran / Ta’dib: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, Vol. 6 No. 2 (201) 255-267 DEVELOPMENT OF QFaA INCLUSIVE MODEL IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION FOR STUDENT WITH LEARNING DISABILITY IN MALAYSIA 1Norfishah Mat Rabi, 2Nor Hasnida Che Md Ghazali, 3Mohd Yusof Zulkefli, 4Suriyati Tumiran 1,2,4 Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 3Universiti Tuanku Abdul Rahman Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] DOI: 10.29313/tjpi.v6i2.2860 Accepted: Agust 19th, 2017. Approved: January 18th, 2018. Published: January 18th, 2018 ABSTRACT Islamic Education is a compulsory subject in National Curriculum in Malaysia. This subject is taught to all Muslim student in primary and secondary school including student with learning disability (SLD). SLD were identified having problem in learning process and they needs extra effort to learn. This study is conducted to develop a model of teaching reciting Al-Quran, prayer and Arabic in Islamic Education for SLD. The objective of the study were covering identification of screening items, timetable planning, teacher’s qualifications, teaching aids, and assessment methods. The sample consisted of 15 Special Education teachers and 15 mainstream teachers from secondary school in Perak. This case study was involving focus group interview and analysis of documents. The analysis of data based on qualitative method and findings reported descriptively using percentage values. The findings showed that Special Education and mainstreams teacher supported the construct to be use in the development of the QFaA Inclusive Model with different views on the elements for screening items, timetable planning, teaching aids, assessment methods, and teacher’s qualifications.
    [Show full text]
  • Reviews of Malaysian Research on Major Diseases (2000-2013)
    Reviews of Malaysian Research on Major Diseases (2000-2013) OfficialMJM Journal of the Malaysian Medical Association Volume 69 Supplement A August 2014 EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-Chief Lekhraj Rampal Ex-ocio Ravindran R Naidu Member Member Member Sivalingam a/l Nalliah Teng Cheong Lieng Andrew Tan Khian Khoon Member Member Anand Sachithanandan Victor Hoe Chee Wai MMA Secretariat Ra!kah PP 2121/01/2013 (031329) MCI (P) 124/1/91 ISSN 0300-5283 The Medical Journal of Malaysia is published six times a year i.e. February, April, June, August, October and December. All articles which are published, including editorials, letters and book reviews represent the opinion of the authors and are not necessarily those of the Malaysian Medical Association unless otherwise expressed. Copyright reserved © 2014 Malaysian Medical Association Advertisement Rates: Enquiries to be directed to the Secretariat. Subscription Rates: Price per copy is RM70.00 or RM300.00 per annum, for all subscribers. Secretariat Address: Malaysian Medical Association 4th Floor, MMA House, 124, Jalan Pahang, 53000 Kuala Lumpur. P.O. Box S-20, 51700 Kuala Lumpur. Tel: (03) 4042 0617, 4041 8972, 4041 1375 Fax: (03) 4041 8187 E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] Website: www.mma.org.my Printed by: New Voyager Corporation Sdn. Bhd. (514424 U) 37 Jalan Gangsa SD 5/3D, Bandar Sri Damansara, 52200 Kuala Lumpur. Tel: 03-6273 2900 Fax: 03-6272 2380 Email: [email protected] CONTENT Page • Introducing a Collection of Reviews on Major Diseases in Malaysia 01 Lim Kean Ghee, Lim Ai Wei, Goh
    [Show full text]
  • Can the People Who Use Wheelchairs Enjoy the National Parks?
    2016 年度 修士論文 “Can the people who use wheelchairs enjoy the national parks?” Compare the accessibility of people who use wheelchairs to national parks in Malaysia to Hokkaido’s and create a spatial database for the future. “車椅子利用者は、国立公園を楽しめないのでしょうか？”マレーシアと日本の国立公 園の比較から、未来のために GIS データベースの作成 21531005 Khew Ee Hung キュー イー ホン 指導教員 酪農学専攻 環境 GIS 研究室 教授 金子正美 酪農学園大学大学院酪農学研究科 CONTENT Page CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Study Background and Justification 1-2 1.2 Focus Group and Objectives 2-3 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Terminology 4-5 2.2 The Background of People with Disabilities (PwDs) in Malaysia 5 and Japan with Emphasis on Wheelchair Users 2.2.1 The Background of PwDs in Malaysia 6-7 2.2.2 The Background of PwDs in Japan 7-8 2.3 Accessible or Barrier Free Tourism 8-9 2.4 Management System of National Parks 10 2.4.1 Protected Areas Management System in Malaysia 11-15 2.4.2 Protected Areas Management System in Japan 15-1８ 2.5 The importance of National Park to be accessible 19 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH SITES 3.1 The Selection of National Parks 20 3.2 The Background of Selected National Parks in Malaysia 3.2.1 Penang National Park 20-22 3.2.2 Taman Negara National Park 23-24 3.2.3 Kinabalu Park 25-26 3.3 The Background of Selected National Park in Hokkaido, Japan 3.3.1 Daisetsuzan National Park 27-28 3.4 Comparing Malaysia’s to Japan’s: Kinabalu Park and 28 Daisetsuzan National Park CHAPTER 4: METHODS 4.1 Descriptive Research 29 4.2 Data Collection 29 4.2.1 Free/ Open GIS Data Collection 29-30 4.2.2 On-Site Observation for National Parks in both Malaysia’s
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Community-Based Rehabilitation in Poverty Reduction: a Comparative Study Among Iran, Malaysia, and Indonesia
    Ministry of Labor, Cooperatives, and Social Welfare of Iran The Role of Community-Based Rehabilitation in Poverty Reduction: A Comparative Study among Iran, Malaysia, and Indonesia COMCEC COORDINATION OFFICE January 2016 This report was prepared under the “The Role of Community-Based Rehabilitation in Poverty Reduction: A Comparative Study among Iran, Malaysia, and Indonesia” Project (2014- IRNPOVER-027) funded by the COMCEC Ministry of Labor, Cooperatives, and Social Welfare of Iran The Role of Community-Based Rehabilitation in Poverty Reduction: A Comparative Study among Iran, Malaysia, and Indonesia This report was prepared under the The Role of Community based Rehabilitation Programs in Poverty Reduction among Iran, Indonesia and Malaysia” Project (2014- IRNPOVER-027) is funded by the COMCEC The Role of Community-Based Rehabilitation in Poverty Reduction: A Comparative Study among Iran, Malaysia, and Indonesia Any views or opinions presented in this document are solely those of the author(s) and do not reflect the views of COMCEC Coordination Office. Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................... VI INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... XII 1. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND METHODOLOGY .............................. 1 1.1 OVERVIEW OF COMMUNITY BASED-REHABILITATION ....................................... 1 1.2 THE ROLE OF CBR IN POVERTY REDUCTION ....................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysia Health Systems Research Volume I
    MALAYSIA HEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCH VOLUME I Contextual Analysis of the Malaysian Health System, March 2016 Table of Contents Acknowledgments .........................................................................................................5 Glossary of Acronyms ..................................................................................................30 Executive Summary .....................................................................................................35 1. Introduction 42 1.1. Objectives of the Report and Context of MHSR ..............................................42 1.2. Brief History of Malaysia’s Health System .......................................................43 1.3. Health System Objectives and Priorities ..........................................................44 2. Health System Performance: Ultimate Outcomes 46 2.1. Population Health Outcomes ..........................................................................46 2.2. Population Health Outcomes: Equity ..............................................................59 2.3. Financial Risk Protection .................................................................................63 2.4. User Satisfaction ............................................................................................65 3. Health System Performance: Intermediate Outcomes 69 3.1. Access ...........................................................................................................69 3.1.1. Physical Access .......................................................................................69
    [Show full text]
  • Building Social Connectedness for People with Profound Or Multiple
    Building Social Connectedness for Individuals Living with Profound/Multiple Disabilities and their Families By Quinn Tai Barrie-Watts Social Connectedness Fellow 2019 Samuel Centre for Social Connectedness www.socialconnectedness.org August 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................................................2 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 2 KEY ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 4 Methodology .................................................................................................................................... 6 MATP and Disability .......................................................................................................................... 6 MATP and Ageing SO Athletes .......................................................................................................... 7 ISSUES, EVIDENCE AND KEY FINDINGS: REGIONAL OVERVIEWS AND KEY COUNTRIES ................................ 8 GROUP A: LATIN AMERICA, AFRICA and MIDDLE EAST/NORTH AFRICA ....................................................... 9 Brazil ..............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sfaa 2021 Session Abstracts
    SfAA 2021 Session Abstracts ALEXANDER, Sara (Baylor U) Integrating Human Rights and Environmental Security While Tackling the Challenges of Climate Change. Climate change threatens the fundamental interdependence that exists between human rights, environmental quality, and livelihood security. Humanity’s reliance on a healthy resource base makes such a right a prerequisite to the enjoyment of other human rights. Local populations, not always indigenous, are vulnerable because they receive less entitlement to natural resources through international law. Climate change exacerbates challenges to populations who are unable to claim self-determination, autonomy, or traditional land. These papers explore human responses to climate change in terms of shifting value systems, changing worldviews, adjustments in how certain human rights are conceptualized, and redefining goals for the future. [email protected] (24-9) ANDREATTA, Susan (UNCG) Food, Culture, and Identity: How Food Ties into the Agro-Food System. The papers presented in this session are from research conducted prior to the Covid-19 pandemic and during the pandemic. They examine food production, community connections to local foods and provisioning fresh local produce be it in the United States, France or elsewhere around the world. Through our case studies we explore how food production, distribution and access tie into cultural food identities, equitable food production and food access. Some papers in this session explore how production enable small and medium size farmers persist in unpredictable times, while others explore other challenges in the agro-food system. [email protected] (PR 26-1) ARCINIEGA, Luzilda (Wayne State U) The Meaningful and Productive Inclusion of Difference. This panel explores how race, gender, sexuality, and other differences are addressed, engaged with, and made legible for the enactment of projects in and beyond various forms of work.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded From: Usage Rights: Creative Commons: Attribution-Noncommercial-No Deriva- Tive Works 4.0
    Sowden, Ryann (2018) An investigation into the perceptions of “outsider” contributions to sustainable services for people with communication dis- abilities, in majority world countries. Doctoral thesis (PhD), Manchester Metropolitan University. Downloaded from: https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/622346/ Usage rights: Creative Commons: Attribution-Noncommercial-No Deriva- tive Works 4.0 Please cite the published version https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE PERCEPTIONS OF “OUTSIDER” CONTRIBUTIONS TO SUSTAINABLE SERVICES FOR PEOPLE WITH COMMUNICATION DISABILITIES, IN MAJORITY WORLD COUNTRIES. R SOWDEN PhD 2018 AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE PERCEPTIONS OF “OUTSIDER” CONTRIBUTIONS TO SUSTAINABLE SERVICES FOR PEOPLE WITH COMMUNICATION DISABILITIES, IN MAJORITY WORLD COUNTRIES. RYANN SOWDEN A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Manchester Metropolitan University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Health Professions October 2018 !2 of !450 Abstract Background Services for people with communication disability (PWCD) are extremely limited in Majority World countries. Speech and language therapists (SLTs) provide many services for PWCD, but in Majority World countries the number of SLTs is small. Outsider (foreign) SLTs have been involved in providing services for PWCD in Majority World countries. Little is known about insiders’ (country nationals) and outsiders’ preferences for outsider-involvement; whether outsider involvement in the development of services follows a common trajectory; or what best practice for outsiders in developing sustainable services for PWCD in the Majority World should be. The aim of this study was to investigate the processes and perceptions of collaboration between insiders and outsiders, in developing services for PWCD in Majority World countries, with a particular emphasis on the contribution and roles of outsiders.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation Template
    PATTERN AND RISK FACTORS OF FUNCTIONAL LIMITATION AND PHYSICAL DISABILITY AMONG COMMUNITY- DWELLING ELDERLY IN KUALA PILAH, MALAYSIA: A 12-MONTH FOLLOW-UP STUDY NORLIANA BINTI ISMAIL Malaya THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FORof THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PUBLIC HEALTH FACULTY OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA UniversityKUALA LUMPUR 2016 ORIGINAL LITERARY WORK DECLARATION Name of Candidate: Norliana binti Ismail Registration/Matric No: MHC120003 Name of Degree: Doctor of Public Health Title of Thesis (―this Work‖): Pattern and risk factors of functional limitation and physical disability among community dwelling elderly: a 12-month follow-up study Field of Study: Public Health, Ageing, Epidemiology I do solemnly and sincerely declare that: (1) I am the sole author/writer of this Work; (2) This Work is original; (3) Any use of any work in which copyright exists was done by way of fair dealing and for permitted purposes and any excerpt or extract from, or reference to or reproduction of any copyright work has been disclosed expressly and sufficiently and the title of the Work and its authorship have been acknowledged in this Work; (4) I do not have any actual knowledge nor do I ought reasonably to know that the making of this work constitutes an infringement of anyMalaya copyright work; (5) I hereby assign all and every rights in the copyright to this Work to the University of Malaya (―UM‖), who henceforth shall be owner of the copyright in this Work and that any reproduction or use in any form or by anyof means whatsoever is prohibited without the written consent of UM having been first had and obtained; (6) I am fully aware that if in the course of making this Work I have infringed any copyright whether intentionally or otherwise, I may be subject to legal action or any other action as may be determined by UM.
    [Show full text]