Pacific Optical Corp, USA. Palar PAM, USA?
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Pacific Optical Corp, USA. They are noted for one known item which seems to have been a very innovative one. A reference to it has been seen in an old USA magazine suggesting it was really very early for a fish lens. Perifoto cine lens, fish type, f1.5/3.5mm (0.1364in) for 165°coverage, for 16mm cine. Seen at No 34x, Model 730A, this has a large (4.5in dia, 4.5in deep) black barrel, which in this case seems to have lost the iris and filters with a big front negative lens well in front of a tiny rear system. It has only limited back focus, and was probably suitable for 16mm but not for larger cameras. Fig 031 008 Pacific Optical Corp, 165° Fish No730A-344. Palar These were SLR lenses listed in May 1968-May1972 for Japanese Cameras, 50 Piccadilly, Tunstall, Stoke-on Trent, UK. Palar preset: f3.5/25mm; f3.5/35mm; f2.8/35mm; f2.8/105mm; f3.5/135mm; f2.8,135mm; f4.5/200mm; f5.5/350mm; f8.0/500mm; f8.0/600mm; f8.0, 800mm; f5.6, 100-200mm. Enlarging lenses (1968) Palar f2.8/40mm; f3.5/50mm; f3.5/75mm; f4-f4.5/105mm. Fully auto iris for M42 only: f2.8/28mm; f2.8/35mm; f2.8/135mm; f3.5/135mm; f3.5/200mm; f5.0/300mm. PAM, USA? They were the makers of a moderately common M39 lens the Britar f4.5/105mm early postwar in alloy mount, now often stained. Fig 011 017 PAM Britar f4.5/105mm in M39. Panagor The agent in 05/1972 was R.J.Farley, Ltd., 67 Mill Lane, London NW6. They are noted for an Auto Macro Converter, essentially an extension tube with a variable power optic for close-up mounted inside it. The leaflet has no other name on it. (USPat 4,030,113, W.Germany, Pat 2,545,950) A advert. in May 1972 lists: Panagor f4.0 21mm retrofocus superwide for SLR's Panagor f2.5 28mm same 8glass/6 component design A 04/1971 advert. shows lens number 30,252 on a 28mm lens. Panagor f2.8 135mm Panagor f3.5 200mm This was a 5 glass/ 4 component design. Panagor Zoom 85-205mm These were all fully auto iris, and in most fittings but bayonet mounts were at extra cost. There were extension tubes and a 2x tele converter to extend the range. By 04/1973 they were Super Panagor and there were two 28mm versions, f2.5 for Canon, Minolta, Pentax, and f2.8 for Canon FTb type ie FD type iris. Panavision Inc, Los Angeles, Cal., USA. Agent for UK Samuelson Film Service. This is a trade name of a anamorphic wide screen process and lead to lenses such as 70mm Panavision anamorphic attachment lenses for 1.25x (stretch?) normally in pairs. The cameras and lenses are rented, never sold: the cameras normally use 35mm film. In B.J.P. 19/10/1979, p1019 some lenses were listed: Ultra Speed Panavision T1.0 50mm Super Speed T1.1 55mm Super Speed T1.5 150mm Anamorphic T1.1 50mm The new 'Golden Panaflex' was introduced in 1980 (B.J.P. 26/09/1980 p944) with a new series of Golden Panatar ultra speed lenses comprising: T2.2/28mm; T1.4/35mm; T1.4/40mm; T1.1/50mm; T1.6/75mm; T1.6/100mm; T1.6/150mm. These all had a front anamorphotic squeeze element, or 'flat' without the front unit. These was also a new T1.9 20-125mm Ultrazoom in flat or with a rear anamorphot unit for T2.8/40-250mm. A UK rental list (£) for 1992 has a set of Panavision Primo lenses all T1.9 as 17.5mm, 21mm, 35mm, 40mm or 50mm, 75mm. Rental was 585 per week. There was also an Ultra Speed set as T1.3 at 24mm, 35mm, 40mm, T1.0 at 50mm and T1.6 at 75mm. Rental was 435 per week. There was a 'Standard' lens set as T2.8 at 24mm, 32mm; T2.0 at 40mm, 50mm, 75mm. This was along with a very wide selection of other lenses by all the leading makers including Zeiss, Leitz, Canon, Angenieux, TTH Cooke, Bausch & Lomb and Kinoptic- and others. Panomar This was a trade name used by St James Photographic, College Cresc., London, NW3 5DN for a fish eye lens for 145° f8.0/12mm It was available in most mounts and reduced from over £50 to £28. Panon, Japan. Lux lens f2.8/26mm used on Panon Widelux 77 camera, noted at No 46,45x, 466,92x and 472,30x- these seem far apart. There is a report at auction of a Panon f3.5/5cm also being fitted to some cameras. These are the Panon Wide Angle camera, and can include Hexar and Hexanon lenses. (These may well be by Konica.) Panorax Optical Industry Co., Tokyo, Japan. They made a 360° panoramic camera, Panorax-Z1, which used a Panolar f3.5/40mm lens, which was noted at auction at No435. Papillon & LaPerriere, France. They are listed by FBB as making a field camera in 1899 with a Papillon anastigmat or RR. It may be a bought-in lens. PasOptik, Japan. Agent P.Sheen, POB 120, Stroud Glos. GL6-8YP, UK. Two lenses for M39x26 mount were listed in the late 1990's and reviewed favourably by R. Hicks in B.J.P. 06/11/1996 p23 as follows: f2.8 21mm actually 20.98mm focus. 8g/6component design, probably a 'Russar' type layout as it is symmetrical and deep sunk to within 10mm of the film plane. Some multicoating, some single. f3.5 28mm actually 27.96m focus. This is a tiny lens, of 6g/4c design, also part multicoated. Hicks felt they were quite in keeping with the high quality of the cameras and prices were well below the camera makers lenses and a good bargain. Note that few M39 lenses had then been marketed for many years except from Russia- or for enlarging. Pathe, France. An early wooden Pathe had a 75mm=3in lens merely marked "Cinematographes Pathe, Paris". Pax Various fixed lenses were fitted but little information is available here. An example is: Luminor f3.5 45mm Triplet type. Paxette- see Braun, Nurnberg, Germany. Paxoramic- The name occurs on a lens used on a Lunar Orbiter 1966-1967. It was a f5.6/610mm lens and the maker is unknown here. Pearson and Denham, 5 New Station St, Leeds, UK. They were noted in the 1889 BJA p168 as selling Rapid Rectilinears in 4 sizes as well as other agented items. 5.5in, for 5x4in; 8in for 1/2plate; 9in for 8x5in; 10.5in for 1/1plate. Pelepar Trade name on a f3.5 0.5in Pelepar tele lens for 8mm use listed in Am Photo 06/06/1962 p11 at £3.95. Penrose, as in Hunter-Penrose., Baker St., London. They were active from the 1890's and some of their lenses can be engraved, typically Penrose, and some are also marked with the lens maker, eg. Wray. Pentax, or Asahi Optical Co Ltd., CPO 895, Tokyo, Japan. Three lens mounts are involved for 35mm SLR cameras: Asahiflex screw, Pentax M42 screw, and Pentax bayonet. Adaptors from screw to bayonet were made. Some restrictions existed with different maker's M42 screw lenses due to the position and length of the auto iris pin and care is needed in fitting unknown lenses to cameras. Takumars are desirable and generally have held their price very well but were originally very successful products so that many types are in reasonable supply. Thus they sell on quality rather than scarcity. In dating them, note the iris type. Some of the very earliest were plain iris, but essentially they developed as auto spring wound, the fully auto, (Super) and then SMC (Super Multi Coated). There is a measure of compatibility with autofocus cameras. (E) has been added where the lens can be noted as an early one in the programme. Pentax created a major stir with the launch of multicoating about 04/1974, [Popular Photography noting it on p79. They discuss the use of layers of magnesium fluoride (MgF2) of different thicknesses to optimize transmission at different frequencies and the use of several layers to improve on the use of a single layer as was initially done. This period was responsible for Canon's 'Spectra Coating', Konica's 'Color Dynamic Coating' and Minolta's 'Achromatic Coating' as well as the many brightly colored coats on other-brand lenses.] But Optical Coatings Laboratory Inc. (OCLI) of USA with Balzers of Germany went further than others though the result was initially used non-photographically as 'High Efficiency Antireflection Coating' or 'HEA'. The patent here used 6 layers of MgF2 and Zirconium Oxide ZrO2 deposited alternately beginning with Zr (next glass?) and ending with MgF2 as the top (outer?) layer. The layers require accurate instrumental control during deposition but some tuning of thicknesses is possible to correct minor deviations and match different types of glass. They tried to sell the idea to some camera lens makers but initially failed: Pentax adopted it and modified the coats to work without giving the yellow color shift HEA did, as a new process 'PhotoHEA' and began to use it on the f1.4/50mm for the new Spotmatic II in Jan 1971. This involved 7 layers. One point is that the layers in coatings can include optically inactive ones for adhesion eg to glass, for barrier and for outer protection.