IRAN a t a g l a n c e

MIRRORPUBLICATION OF THE CULTURAL COUNCIL OF THE EMBASSY OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF , NIAIROBI-KENYA AUGUST 2018 ISSUE NO. 3 TEAM MELLI SHINES AT WORLD CUP 2018

MILAD TOWER, Sheikh Safi al-Din Khanegh and Shrine Ensemble is the tomb of Sheikh Safi-ad-din Ardabili located in , Iran Profile The Cultural Council of the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Nairobi promotes mutual understanding and cultural co-operation among peoples in Kenya and Iran in Contents line with the principles of cultural heritage. The Council’s aim is to create enduring partnership between Iran and other cultures, and we do this by creating Editorial...... 4 opportunities to connect with the latest skills, ideas and experience from Iran. Education ...... 5

Activities Ambassador’s Interview ...... 9 Library: The Cultural Council has a very rich library consisting Iran-Kenya Relations ...... 13 of myriad of books in the field of and literature. Besides books on human sciences, history Early Childhood Development ...... 14 of Iran, Islamic studies, world history, religions, Islamic philosophy, a large number of books on social sciences, Status of Women in the view of Imam Khomeini (ra) .17 political science, culture and art are also available for readers and scholars. The Persian ...... 20

Film and Art Division: Calligraphy in Architecture ...... 22 The film and art division of the Cultural Council consists of video and audio tapes of classical Persian music, art books, Persian Language ...... 26 calligraphy models, attractive sceneries, handicrafts and various prominent Iranian films. In addition, film festivals Iran’s Red Gold ...... 28 and cultural exhibitions in various parts of Kenya are also organised by this Office. The Grand Congregational Mosque ...... 32

Public Relations Department: Religious Diversity in Iran ...... 35 The department arranges meetings with prominent personalities from the domain of Kenya art and culture. A Museum of Sound ...... 39 Organising seminars, round table discussions and cultural programmes. Aviation ...... 41 Information Centre: Nano Technology ...... 43 The centre provides necessary information about Iranian art, culture and all other facets of the Islamic Republic of Persian Gulf ...... 46 Iran. Distribution Unit: Team Melli ...... 49 This unit is responsible for providing Persian books, Skiing in Iran ...... 51 periodicals, magazines to the Persian loving people. Persian Language Teaching Centre: Pictorial ...... 53 This unit is responsible for organising Beginners, Intermidiate and advance level Persian courses for interested students. Besides, the unit has introduced Persian language teaching programme in one of the Universities in Kenya known as Jamiatus Saifee University located in Karen. Scholarship for Kenyan Students We offer scholarships to study in the Islamic Republic of Iran to pursue either Bachelors, Masters or PhD. CULTURAL COUNCIL EMBASSY OF THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN The Cultural Council also organizes religious programs, NAIROBI-KENYA Seminars and Conferences and translation of books among others. AmBank House, 11th Floor, University Way +254-02) 2241216 (+254) 713 836041 [email protected] www.nairobi.icro.ir www.irankenya.org irani culture Graphic Editor/Production Graphic EDITORIAL TEAM 4 Email: [email protected] Tel: +254713836041 P.o. Box 59595-00200 Executive Director Mahmoud Majlesain www.irankenya.org Editor/Research Mwinyi Ramadhani www.nairobi.icro.ir Khamis Mohamed IRAN MIRROR Embassy of I.R.I Embassy of Cultural Council IRAN MIRROR AUGUST Nairobi-Kenya Distribution Osman Rajab Athman Farsi Mr. MahmoudMajlesain 2018 I h eeyn nes o ii this amazing island. visit to needs discover everyone to why Gulf Persian the on of sevenwonders.” story our Readon island “the as known Qeshm, Gulf. The largest is dolphin-shaped severalhas Persianit fact,the in in but Iran, about talking when mind glorious winagainst USAin1998. that by challenged Cup, only Worldperhaps a in displayed has team Iranian an that performance to come. time long for critics and fans the of memories the in linger will that performance a Cup, World fantastic performance at the 2018 a had which Melli Team feature is Vank Cathedral. in Iran of attractions to pray totheirGod. constructed for churches themselves theythus Messiah; have the of religion to themselves who devoted groups have minority some are the the religion residents.of There on depending worship of places numerous find can you Iran across and tranquility. Thus in all the cities peace in God worship to wished have who place religion of men the religious for a been has always Iran of Republic Islamic religions. The by influenced greatly science, politics. culture, and economy, health, technology, food, travel, tourism, as such fields different on that gives you a myriad information of magazine bi-annual the of edition third the being This world. seen or sometimes unseen bythe unseen sometimes or seen is of it gateway as Iran, about a information is Mirror ran t a agal te best the arguably was It we Mirror Iran of edition this In marvelous most the of One been has culture Iranian sad dnt sal cm to come usually don’t Islands Editorial nones n mta influences exchanges, mutual and cultural encounters of process enormous an of outcome the fact in is World.It Islamic the and East the of civilization and culture the jewelry in of piece splendid a and loops in the chain of world literature is indeed one of the most important embellishment. architectural to approach Iranian unique to a be continues Calligraphy fact in this has influenced Iranian Architecture, In Calligraphy how on read edition, elements. and pre- post-Islamic various and greatly dynasties its ruling both been by has influenced it though, or speaking, Architecturally historical, natural. cultural, are they Nairobi-Kenya Cultural CounsellorEmbassyI.R.I Mahmoud Majlesain the future. in covered see to likeyou’d topics and do let us know if there are any the worldtoday. of status in the literature and Persianlanguage of glimpse a you give will hope I which Language Iran of Persianon piece Mirrorwehavea edition this greatest In humanity’s legacies. the of one centuries to make Persian literature throughout place taken have that Persianliterature and language Iran is full landmarks of whether hp yu no ti edition this enjoy you hope I A Allah’s favor, I might discuss this matter briefly later on. and advice mymeeting. is this definite This by of word in manifested was this and and issues country the the of in challenges involved be should country the of universities the that is down written have I that points the made. of One deliveredwho individuals speeches 13 the meeting the in friends the that statements the Thankfully, today’s meeting was very good considering outstanding personalities andacademicresearchers. Islamic Revolution, inameetingwithuniversity professors, the 2018 by AyatollahKhamenei,theSupremeLeaderof delivered onJune thespeech The following 10, ispart of country their be optimisticaboutthefutureof Universities shouldtrain studentsto In the Name of Allah,theBeneficent,Merciful In theNameof wtesd ht h poesr wo pk i this in spoke who professors the that witnessed I sisters. dear brothers, dear welcome,very Youare Muhammad anduponhispurehousehold Master our upon be greetings and peace and ll praise is due to Allah, the the Lord Worlds,of EDUCATION efforts and the concerns of the academic society have society academic the of concerns the and efforts that see I the motivations, years. the feelings, the today,movement, the recent in movement and intellectual motivational progressing a launched has society academic the that shows This difference. radical a is there that see ago,I years ten eight, seven, held were which meetings the with meeting year’s this compare issues. and other such economythe well as to refer might I which innovation include issues Other meeting. the in gentlemen the by discussed were issue important very a is which water as well. The issue of scientific diplomacy and the issue of advise I what is this And issues. these contained raised meeting the in gentlemen the that points The meeting. this in addressed were detriments social of issue the issue the the Bar-Jaam,issue of waterthe issue of and example, the issue the of cinema is an which important For country. the of challenges and issues fundamental the of most to attention paid and addressed meeting Well, such discussions are thankfully good. When I When good. thankfully are discussions such Well, IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018

5 IRAN MIRROR very important, valuable and sensitive. It is a sensitive a is It sensitive. and valuable important, very is professors special university of a position the Therefore,role. have professors university country, the of and building of management the process for faculty intellectual the cultivating the In universities. in role universities arevitalfor every country. good that fact the is that and conclusion one to lead introductions two these that Notice faculty. intellectual is country able to manage and itself to no make progress without an And country. the of faculty the intellectual cultivating of charge in are They country. the of faculty intellectual the cultivatingfor centers important the of one are universities because is It that? is Why so. saying for reasons have I and belief heartfelt and deep a on based this saying am I centers. important to make my statementsbrief. have I but time, more for myself prepared had I time. little is there course, society.Of academic the in exists position. If universities position. wish If to play this role the role of 6 el uiest poesr hv a extraordinary an have professors university Well, very are universities sisters, dear brothers, Dear IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST that this way of thinking and this sentiment this and thinking of way this that proof are society.They that of samples are the whole academic society, but after represent all, meeting they our in gathering present This isavery point. important ago. years 15 10, to compared improved Of course, I do not want to claim that the that claim wantto not do course,I Of 2018 EDUCATION to change in a constant manner and this should be a be should this and manner constant a in change to themselves enable should associations human all So, are humans because forward.moving and progressing changing, constantly is This change. to need inthe world all associations that is this for reason first The environment. academic the in change permanent and continuous a be should There environment. academic by identityinallyoung revivingasense of students. spiritual and moral orientation, with a a spiritual delicacy and sensitivity and with done be should this And education. scientific than important more is education identity-based cultivation of students. The issue of moral fundamental issuesfor universities. and true real, be should country the of challenges and issues country.The the of issues the from separate theyare that think not should Universities country. the of Iwillexplaindown briefly: threerequirementswhich written have I to. attention pay definitely should they country correctly, there are certain requirements which the of faculty intellectual the cultivating and creating s wog r a evrnet Ti i nt h case. the not is This environment. bad or wrong a is The faulty. are universities foundations have beenfaultyfrom thebeginning. our of foundations frankly,the it put to Secondly, them. for concern serious The third requirement is a continuous change in the in change continuous a is requirement third The and moral cultural, the is requirement second The issues the in involved getting is requirement One This does not mean that the academic environment academic the that mean not does This issues. In the future too, we will have certain problems. certain havetoo, will wefuture the In issues. Today,issues. certain has and problems some havewe involved in the issues of the country? Well, every country personalities. Why do we say that universities should be exist in the minds of at least some of our dear academic fortunately expectations our because God to thankful brothers and sisters discussed these matters. I am really witnessed today. I really became happy to see that our issues the of country, exampleswe which of fortunately are otherrequirementsaswell. there course, Of requirements. three the were These down on. written later discuss will I have which change such I of examples permanent. and that continuous one is universities, in change and transformation thishave continueduntiltoday.of not been established like this and some of the have consequences imitation Universities production. scientific and innovation scientific of established basis They the religion. on purging universities of basis the on today.universitiesuntil prevailed Theyestablished has structure this and regime taghuti the of time the during by untrustworthy people and with untrustworthy policies built been have universities our of foundations the but Fortunately, our universities have yielded good outputs, The next issue is about universities’ involvement in the reform, internal an for need a is there Therefore, EDUCATION the opinions that are published in newspapers: I often I newspapers: in published are that opinions the universities in economists by newspapers in published opinions economic high-ranking the collect to advised times several officials have to I attend Universities. should issue? Who this remedied. them? be remedy should should Who methods these Well, wrong. economy, and poor the are country, the in in practiced being is methods what managerial our of some that meeting this in said also was it times many said been has It economy. the of issue the is time present issues andthey shouldseeksolutionsfor them. own their as country the of issues the consider should universities Therefore, country. the of scientists the of the scientists of the country and who form the main part in other words, academic personalities, who are among manner, who should resolve them? Scientists and scholars scientific a in resolved be to are theymanner. Well, if in increase scientific a number.in resolved and be So,should problems continue will they and complicated non-scientific, a in they will not be resolved, rather they will become more problems manner, unintelligent these and ill-advised non-managerial, tackle we If this. like are They have problems certain thatneedtoberesolved. world the in societies and countries All For example, one of the issues of our country in the in country our of issues the example,of For one manner. scientific a in solved be should Problems IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018

7 IRAN MIRROR given to them in the future when it will be their turn to turn their be will it when future the in them givento is what Today’sissue. that confident be should students the conditions and the future country.of The is the main about optimistic and future the about hopeful are who good performance. theyand relations havea had not such established not have universities some And industries. with relations of have I area the in performance good a had haveuniversities that report the to to according necessary that mention it deem play I regard. this in part can their suffers problems. Universities certain industry from our regard. this in points certain raised meeting the in gentlemen 8 My dear ones, universities should educate students educate should universities ones, dear My well, industry, for As IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST important issues. the important of one is economy the of issue the So, helpful. naturally are opinions these hearing organizations. These viewpoints are governmental helpful. Looking at and inside which ones exist the than other viewpoints are there knowthey that so opinions such read 2018 eevd some received, the of one Today, Students shouldbegiven thishope. today. than better is which country a be will reform and leadership management, future when the it will be in their turn to be in them charge of to given is what that “

oa’ suet sol b confident be should students Today’s EDUCATION build the future. They should believe in these things and in the progress, capability and power the country of to and domestic international achievements whether and they should country also believe the and of capabilities achievements the in believe should they this: like praiseworthy progress. So, students should be cultivated 30 remember not do you of Most young. are you of most but this, of aware are you of Some ago. years 40 20, 10, to compared extent, great a to forward, should begiven thishope. today.Students than better is which country a be will reform and leadership management, of charge in be world. the in position country’s the of aware be should they And this is the truth of the matter.movedWe havethe of truth the is this And ” n h ps 20 and real is years past the in environment country academic the and the of progress the that then. I will tell you back country the of condition and the ago years H.E Dr. Hadi Farajvand, Ambassador of the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of IrantoKenya withthe duringaninterview theIslamicRepublic of H.E Dr. theEmbassyof HadiFarajvand, Ambassadorof Nairobian Newspaper earlyJuly 2018. in a legal process open to anyone, that is the role of role the is anyone,that to open process legal a in legal representationfor theirkinthrough theembassy. for meant money channelled convicted were who men to specificcountries. cases… You meddlingin terrorism were recentlyaccusedof andnorms. acceptedrules line withinternationally in not it’s Kenya,but in politics on comment sometimes including politicalissues. Kenya, of affairs internal in interference anyavoid to have I regulations, and norms international on based You never commentonKenyan politics... As an embassy, we assisted them get lawyers and lawyers get them assisted weembassy, an As In the case you are alluding to, the families of the two Ambassadors have a big role to play when assigned which missions diplomatic some are there Maybe and mission, diplomatic ambassador,a an hold As I AMBASSADOR’S INTERVIEW errs gop t ahee hi pltcl objectives, political their achieve to groups terrorist these supporting is who out groups. find to difficult not is it who assist these groups. In today’s international issue politics, important second bytherefore is to cut these channels dealing with those The support. logistical and inotherplaces. erupt easily will it place, one in suppressed is radicalism if losethe we our plan, in fundamental the aspect problemof and as result, even ignored if that flight This the radicalism. is produce that thought and ideology handlingradicalisation? What’s thebestway of regulations andnorms. diplomatic weanythingdo not did wrong breached or interests of their citizens are taken care of, and as such, the ensure over,to world is anythe ambassador which But unfortunately, some countries use these extremist financial political, without survive Radicalismcannot the with deal should we First, ways: several In IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018

9 IRAN MIRROR f copihet bt f o cno ahee your achieve cannot objectives, itcanbeboring. you if but accomplishment, of do sense a you can gives it country,your you for good something If sometimes. stress and pressure of lot Is diplomacy boring? there. with capacitiesandopportunities themselves familiarise to Iran in Kenyans more need business few a and people whotravel toIran. universities Iranian in Kenyan students some are there missions, diplomatic Besides doKenyansWhat doinIran? radical groups tostoptheirterrorist acts. taking no action to put pressures on states that support 10 Diplomacy has its own difficulties. It creates a creates It difficulties. own its has Diplomacy Recently, we have some Kenyan investors in Iran. We There are very few Kenyans living or working in Iran.

H.E. Dr. HadiFarajvand inameetingwiththeKenya’s DeputyPresident,H.E. WiiliamSamoeiRuto IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST relations and interests for keeping silent and silent keeping for interests and relations trade as such areas in suffering up end may innocentpeoplesthatarelost. of on international consequences peace and security and the lives the about caring without Countries that don’t support these groups these support don’t that Countries 2018 AMBASSADOR’S INTERVIEW do thisalsoinrestaurants inNairobi. Have youtriedanyKenyan dishes? and tensions. added more complexities,intervention causing conflicts political their and attention power foreign of middle the in area this put century 19th the in hydrocarbons the worldreligionshave theirorigininthissmallarea. of Most civilisations. ancient and old different hosting religion, race and language. The Middle East has been very difficult for outsiderstofullyunderstand. understand? doesnot theworld theMiddleEastthat isitabout What exciting overall events make which itinteresting. r m fvuie oa dse. t oe oee, I however, home At usually eatourtraditional dishes. dishes. local favourite my are Nyama choma, kuku choma, mukimo and chapati chapati and mukimo choma, kuku choma, Nyama When I travel around Kenya, I sample local dishes. I other and oil of exploration the addition, In experiences, historic from stem complexities These it makes that complexities its has East Middle The and unprecedented of full and dynamic is job This redirected to the ministry of health. and redirected totheministry of education higher of ministry the off hived were health and medicine on education high the initiatives; Asia, because ouruniversities couldn’t produce enough. eastern from others and India from doctors of Kenya canget someusefullessonsfrom. health sector? first-class a establish do to Iran did What Middle East. the in been discovered have oil sources of new news that receive we and explored been not have that resources gas and oil new of lot a are There years. 100 another least at for market the depleted? the MiddleEast do whenitsoilreserves will What are H.E. Dr. Tourism. HadiFarajvand of duringa courtesy Secretary call onHon.NajibBalalatheCabinet t h sm tm, optl wr ue a pr of part as used were hospitals time, same the At some took we Revolution, Islamic 1979 the After thousands employ to had we ago, years 50 About long a has It month, Every to oil provided and produce can East Middle The itr ta I believe I that history identified yet. with capacities and opportunities themselves familiarise to Iran in KenyansWemore Iran. need in “ there

We have some Kenyan investors AMBASSADOR’S . ” INTERVIEW osgmns f eyn e ae xotd directly exported are tea Kenyan of consignments Kenya? from import doesIran What I thinkhave toexperience soon. itmyself veryexciting.be foundto I experiencewhich his share to used university.He to them in travel to used son my Have youever inNairobi? usedmatatus years agoanditwas agreathonourtous. and technologies. overcome all shortages and advance our health sciences train and educate students. to universities health of ministry rn mot msl ta rm ey. Some Kenya. from tea mostly imports Iran Unfortunately I haven’t travelled in a matatu yet, but to able were we initiatives, other and this With IRAN MIRROR AUGUST ad o h Ebsy 50 Embassy the to land the gave Kenyatta president Jomo fact, first In Kenya’s expansive. years land is the because two ago Kabete to Lower Kabete. Why? Kilimani from offices You recentlymoved e oe t Lower to moved We 2018

11 IRAN MIRROR Iranian businesses to benefit from knowledge and knowledge from benefit to businesses Iranian an are products leather Iranian exports. componentof important such as and accordingly, and technology advanced very use We back. years Kenya? doweWhat needtodoimprove sectorin ourleather plants. juice, tropical living fruits, rose and a number of shrubs major imports from Kenya include condensed pineapple Kenyan tea because it’s the best. Other Iranian imports annually.with 100,000metrictonnesbeingimported that region. We consume 120,000 metric tonnes of tea, 12 eyn opne cn ek atesis with partnerships seek can companies Kenyan hundred several dates Iran in industry leather The for asked get I Iran, to break take I time Every IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST States) countries, since Iran is a gateway to gateway a is Iran since countries, States) Asia and CIS (Commonwealth of Independent central to re-exporting through even Iran, to export tea Kenyan of volume the increase through Dubai. sourced is majority Kenyafroma but Iran, to n at tee s hg opruiy to opportunity huge a is there fact, In 2018 AMBASSADOR’S INTERVIEW coast where we have some projects. I will also miss also will I projects. some have we where coast the beauty byplaces of like Marsabit, Niavasha in and the taken been and country the traversed have I geographical features. youwere toleave KenyaIf today, willyoumiss? what including aides, of help drivers, becausethey toohave familiestoattendto. the without things doing Kenya.I travel of tootherparts going to picnics with friends and my family. Sometimes How doyouspendyourfreetime? to setshopinthecountry. investments and offer incentives for Iranian businesses encourage should Kenya of government the Kenya, leather industrylocally. the in investment possibly and transfer, technology many goodKenyans. the friendship and relationship I have developed with I would mostly miss the weather the and beauty of in available readily are materials raw Because I love sports and exercising. I study a lot and love and lot exercising.studya and I sports love I When I’m not engaged with office work, I prefer I work, office with engaged not I’m When International Book Fair SaritCentre.International at the Nairobi and students during the 20th edition of H.E. Dr. Hadi Farjavand with Centum CEO, James Mworia quality houses. Government and canassistKenya cheaper build a previous at they discussedhowmeeting inwhich theIranian officials Society Cooperative H.E. Dr. HadiFarjavand withUrithiHousing K Iran. Tehran after the US the pulled nuclear out deal of with US defiance of Kenya totrade withIran in odcig uies ih h cuty wt te recent development likely toworsen thesituation. the with country, the with business conducting about jittery been have lenders however, Tehran, in stuck money their had who traders tea to relief a as came what in Tehran with money transacting start to an in May in said withtheBusinessDaily.interview AFA sanctions,” the of because business withIranthesaidsanctions. for fearof transact to willing be will bank no as payments their getting in difficulties have will they as country the to that the move by the US will hit traders who export tea to,”sticking saidDrJumainan interview. we know what our interests are and that is what we are Kenyan companiessellingteatoIran. affect will byNairobi, heeded move,if a deal, the of that firms or countries continue to trade with Iran, againstafter Washington pulled out sanctions place will not take from otherStates. instructions does it and interests own its got has Kenya said The local banks were allowed to transact business transact to allowed were banks local The The lifting of the ban in 2016 allowed Kenyan banks market that to tea export to able “Webe not may Agriculture and Food Authority (AFA) warned in May countries, other from instructions take not do “We America that warned has Trump Donald President Juma Monica Secretary Cabinet Affairs Foreign het fo Wsigo ta i wl impose with trade will that firms and it countries on sanctions that Washington from threats after even Iran with trading continue will enya IRAN-KENYA RELATIONS By BusinessDailyNewspaper SUNDAY, JULY 8,2018 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Trade Ministry andInternational Ambassador MonicaJuma, DPhil,CBS, Secretary, Cabinet with Iranian banks to facilitate payment, especially for and financial system. do business there from accessing the entire US banking that firms foreign bar also country,but the in business doing from firms American block only not withdrawal effectively suspendthem. on sanctions “waivers”that of of string a under series so done has and Iran a ease to United committed the States (JCPOA), Action of Plan Comprehensive annually. kilogrammes of the 120 million kilos that Tehran imports million 20 about supplying Kenya with Sri-Lanka and commodity. the promote to Iran visited Directorate Tea the from year,last officials October In produce. the promote to tried sanctions the of lifting the since has it and tea its with banksandcompaniesoutsideUS. trading to country the opening development, nuclear limiting on agreement 2015 July the with in compliance was Iran certified 2016 in watchdog, nuclear UN in remitting funds. difficulties faced they as million Sh120 exporters being blacklisted. of fear for hesitant were lenders the but traders tea S acin o Ia ripsd olwn Trump’s following reimposed Iran on sanctions US knownformally deal, Jointnuclear the the as Under India from tea its of bulk the gets normally Iran Kenya is targeting Iran as one of the major buyers of The International Atomic Energy Agency, is which the local owed buyers Iranian year, last October By IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018

13 IRAN MIRROR E on Tuesday, 19thJune2018. saying province,Mohseni-Bandpey as Anoushirvan quoted IRNA Zarand, and province; Kordestan Divandarreh, province; Tehran , in programs public, include parent private, andnon-governmental agencies. can to services nutrition of to Providers care education. child from activities of facilities, a range wide health a involves and centers); community-based in schools, (homes, happens settings development stage of This variety prenatal eight. the age from to up child socio-emotional a and of development linguistic, cognitive, physical, Welfare Iranian the of Organization hassaid. head Mohsin-Bandpey, 14 efr ognzto i ipeetn te pilot the implementing is organization Welfare the to refers ECD Bank, World the to According

Tehran, Kordestan and Kerman, Mr. Anoushirvan Anoushirvan Mr. Kerman, and of Kordestan Tehran, provinces in cities programs three in piloted (ECD) being are Development Childhood arly IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST programs pilotedinIran ChildhoodDevelopmentEarly 2018 EARLY CHIDLHOOD DEVELOPTMENT under five lag behind their more advantaged peers more advantaged their behind lag five under children poor world, the Aroundwell-being. child and development brain for role critical early a play and stimulation nutrition, health, Proper life. child’s a for foundation strong a lay to opportunity of window a Why isECDsoimportant? percent inthoseareas, hehighlighted. Health, haveof help in improving nutrient intake by 50 which, according to the figures revealed by the Ministry cities the of outskirts and provinces underprivileged in the citizens,well-being henoted. of waypavedforsocial the be education will and health near the in future. programs the execute will Education of The World Bank states that early years of life are life of years early that states WorldBank The meal hot one with preschoolers providing one For of importance the recognize makers policy Once Ministry the Mohseni-Bandpeythat expressedhope people for theirfuturejobs. Butdoesit? doyou wanttobeinthefuture? What crime. in engage to likely less and more earn to likely more the of education system. When they get older, they are costs overall the reduces which school, of drop-out or grades repeat likelyto less are and theyschool begin when learn to ready more are programs ECD quality in participate who children’s Children life. and promote school in success to strategy cost-effective a are laterinchildren’slives.intervene to costly more and difficult more is it addition, In them. to haveaccess likelyto these least the are currently children though even most shows the children and most disadvantaged Research poorest the benefit children. interventions ECD that of outcomes and education nutrition, health, the improving equity improves adults, andengage inriskysocialbehaviors. they are likely to perform poorly in earn less school, as widen: gaps older,the getthey As school. begin even they before peers advantaged more their behind fall development. socio-emotional and cognitive, language, physical, in n gnrl es euain s ht prepares what is education sense general a In Furthermore, ECD targeted to the most disadvantaged development childhood Therefore,early supporting often children poor ECD, quality to access Without EARLY CHIDLHOOD DEVELOPTMENT them for thefuture. prepare to going are they how out figure never they lessons long memorizing and homework, tedious long getting early,up yearof beginning the is doing school even duringsummerandNew Year holidays. or school after activities extracurricular in participate admission toagooduniversity. get to manage they if wondering keep they school to theydaygo the since and future children’s their about areworried Manyparents job. a finding finally and university the to admitted getting of means a merely absolutely abigfatno. is answer The million? 14 these for future better a for means only the education is year,but school 2017-18 the for Iran in nationwide schools to buildacivilizedsociety. generation future the prepare to believed is followed by the optional academic education o oe p ih e ies o ae col more a school make appealing placefor thelearners. to ideas new with up come to teachers the for time any leaves barely school, high On the other hand, for many students the start of the to obliged are students many why that’s And is school to going parents many for Unfortunately, attend students million 14 than More schooling compulsory 12-year The The long textbooks, especially the ones designed for IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018

15 IRAN MIRROR ecig hm n ra lf sil bt prns and parents both skills life real any them teaching not and memorize cannot or can they what on based them gradingabilities, natural students’ recognizing to By failing individuals with distinguishing characteristics. as students considered ever have none that in system isabetterfuturefor all. primary purposewhich promisingguaranteea to future, its fulfill to failed thus necessary what’s up with students other many notch providing to in ineffective be students to proved has successes, remarkable many enabled indubitably skills orexperience schooling. after12years of any have don’t they as part hardest the be to proves which job a find to try the and disappointed get or exam for year another for study to decide either and 16 The main problem lies both in parents and education which system, education the Unfortunately, IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST them and some fail to get their ideal result ideal their get to fail some and them of proud be would parents their and results are fully ready for the exam and Some get the best school. started they since off warned for been have they themselves exam entrance an prepare passing must teenagers n atr 2 er, h 18-year-old the years, 12 after And 2018 EARLY CHIDLHOOD DEVELOPTMENT every child. every child. in success future for potentials and energies great lies your too children hard to make them hate There school. pushing stop childhood, from enhance them allow and look atthose12years.back they when regrets any without lives their enjoy and writer,musician editor,successful or a be can one problems, math complexsolve to able everyoneis not tosing.or learn instrument musical a play to learn lessons, acting take Encourage them to a learn new language, a new sport, them. improving and skills and abilities children’s appreciating their and recognizing in role key a playing system within a short space of time parents are definitely learning. optimal of ages best the at are youngsterswho the of years precious 12 wasting only are system education Try to recognize your children’s abilities nurture them Not everyone is supposed to be a doctor or lawyer; education the revolutionize to possible not is it As omnte ipsd lt f ret ad nutc on injustice and women oneway cruelty ortheother. of lot a imposed communities viewpoint different toward a women. offered leadership Khomeini’s form atthecurrenttime. possible worst the in themselves manifested have times and even abject portrayals womenof in various historical materialistic pure enslavement.The alwaysinto led been have women trends, new and old the of polytheism and Qur’an. of commandments brilliant the and teachings Islamic the by provided been and has which structure status a have freedom The of rights their too. as well as beings Qur’an, human of individuality the by emphasized is which “humanity” through defined is Khomeini Imam of of pretense defending thefreedom. the on rights natural their of deprived be to the despotic nature of the government, and they would the by imposed wouldeventuallytime bothered the be due of governors situations and opinions current the to slightly even opposed who women the that obvious is It needs. andunlawful purposes satanic their fulfilling by the government offered. They took advantage women of werecircumstances captivated through deceptive models beginning, women voluntarilythe and later under compelling in men; than more despotism his to subjected were effort to corrupt the culture and history of Iran. The women Ignorance, he –as the protégé the of West- made a huge of Pahlavi’sAge of beginning the was of which Khan Reza reign the “During them. to incomparable occasions, some or,in men than greater been had women of plight the times, both At era.”Pahlavi “the and Ignorance” of situation womenof is categorized into two eras: “the Age A n eea, h vle f akn i te viewpoint the in mankind of value the general, In According to Imam Khomeini, the historical oppressed social various that shows history at look extensive An Imam with Iran of revolution Islamic the of victory The profanity of ruling the under and history Throughout and humanqualitiesmorethanmen. promisedis Khomeini, Imam freedom of school woman is a divine being who, in the revolutionary her. The lady the of World Islam of is a holy and spiritual praising on short fell words their but about talked have theProphet Muhammadandhisdescendants. of virtues woman are at whose the virtues same level as the infinite revelation and shine over the summit of Islam. Fatimah is a identity is manifested. They are the honor of the family of human the whom twowomenin theythe since are arena, every in follow should women Muslim whom models role appropriate two are them) upon be (peace Zainab and is placedhigher thanmeninthisfaith related arena. women view.of status the that see to surprising quite is It of point his in identified be can women of life social the of measures sublime the glance, quick a In connoisseurs. and thinkers Muslim other the of thoughts the to superior available toeveryone. and both the theories and the practical examples became theories, pure beyond go to opinions his to accessibility the nationswillsuccumbtodefeatanddecadence.” also adds: “If brave women are taken away from nations,He women.” from originate deeds good and happiness the all and training, proper their through beings human are the educators of the human beings; women shape real they since women on depends mankind and of wretchedness prosperity “The stated: has Khomeini Imam Islam, to “doing goodtoherandchildren”. referring is al-amal” khair the ala “hayya and of interpretation creation the of This purpose her. the with been compete has can woman one no that stance a such reached has she Muhammad, Prophet the of training the and God power journeyfromnature,throughthe of and spiritual her commenced has who one the is within She herself. prophets of characteristics the all gathered who has woman a woman; a as appeared has who being heavenly and divine a is She women. the and humanity of face true the is She being. human true a and woman h wmn hm ay wt vros iwons – viewpoints various –with many whom woman The According to the great leader of the revolution, Fatimah In the Islamic point of view which emphasizes on the on emphasizes which view of point Islamic the In thoughts Khomeini’s Imam makes advantage This The ten-year Imam leadership Khomeini of caused the in women of greatness and status the Regarding IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018

17 IRAN MIRROR f oe i te oil n pltcl atr i not is matters political and social the in women of themselves,participation develop to women of potential h opst o ti stain s re s el Bsd on Based in women view,Khomeini’sof role Imam fundamental well.the as true is situation this of opposite society. The a of endurance the establish can being her of the origin of the happiness for a society and the blessings genuine ties with the presence of women. A woman can be wretchedness of nations and countries have profound the and and happiness The responsibilities. motherhood the fromignoring principles,stem moral the with abiding not as well as families, in solidity of lack and particular- in thesociety.and constructivenessof view,his point of womenthe purification are of in charge explains them to common people with a simple rhetoric. In the matters and Imam Khomeini examines of of the heart insight The standpoint. material the in value true its lost has unfortunately, concept, This prophets. the with level societies. At this stand, women are considered human at the the same of survival the for responsible is and society with respecttopublicmodesty.” activities political-social accomplish and maintain modesty public and duties religious and should social their women “Today,perform stated: has Khomeini Imam formalities. As some requires women of participation the prohibited and it is a sign maturity of and faith; however, 18 The corruption of human societies –the western societies the in women of stance primary the is Motherhood IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018 WOMEN context.” that in them of think to right the have men do nor stance Neither women are allowedobjects. to lessen themselves as to a low not and beings human as society Islamic an of erection womenthe to contribute actively can men with along government, Islamic the “In said: has Khomeini by theexpansionists. Hijabisfor revivingthese values.” might be implemented on them satanic temptations which for men or women, is to protect values their true from the either commanded, has God What values. your protect in yourequires to Islam is that Hijab observe to of type the opinion course, “Of society: the his in role its and Hijab expresses to is regards women Khomeini of Imam individuality and preserved. nobility the Hijab, of society.protectionthe the in Under good tradable likea treated being from worth and personality human their prevents and gazes inappropriate from women protects built through thecapablepower women.” of are countries of structures appropriate the and so; more women and nations of producers are “Men statements: followingthe in beautifully it expressed has he and men the societies survival of has been greater than the role of With regards to the role of women in the society, Imam cover, Islamic or Hijab, opinions, some to Contrary his point of view,his point of womenthe purification are of in charge explains them to common people with a simple rhetoric. In the matters and Imam Khomeini examines of of the heart insight The standpoint. material the in value true its lost has unfortunately, concept, This prophets. the with level societies. At this stand, women are considered human at the the same of survival the for responsible is and society with respecttopublicmodesty.” activities political-social accomplish and maintain modesty public and duties religious and should social their women “Today,perform stated: has Khomeini Imam formalities. As some requires women not of is participation the matters political and social prohibited and it is a sign maturity of and the faith; however, in women of themselves,participation develop to women of potential this faithrelatedarena. women is of status the quite that see to is surprising It view. of be point his in can identified life women social of the measures of the sublime glance, quick a In connoisseurs. and thinkers Muslim the other of thoughts the to superior thoughts available toeveryone. and both the theories and the practical examples became theories, pure beyond go to opinions his to accessibility the nationswillsuccumbtodefeatanddecadence.” also adds: “If brave women are taken away from nations,He women.” from originate deeds good and happiness the all and training, proper their through beings human are the educators of the human beings; women shape real they since women on depends mankind and of wretchedness prosperity “The stated: has Khomeini Imam Islam, eadn te tts n getes f oe in women of greatness and status the Regarding ohrod s h piay tne f oe i the in women of stance primary the is Motherhood the on emphasizes which view of point Islamic the In advantage This The ten-year Imam leadership Khomeini of caused the placed higher than men in Khomeini’s Imam makes with respecttopublicmodesty. accomplish political-social activities and modesty duties public maintain and religious and social their “

o a, oe sol perform should women Today, WOMEN of women in the survival of societies has been greater been has societies of survival the in women role of fundamental the view, Khomeini’s Imam on Based well.as true is situation this society.of a opposite The of and the blessings of her being can establish the endurance A woman can be the origin the of happiness for a society women. of presence the with ties genuine and profound nations the of and wretchedness countries have the motherhood responsibilities. The happiness and ignoring from stem principles, moral the of with abiding lack not as well as families, in solidity and particular- in societies western thesociety.and constructivenessof context.” that in them of think to right the have men do nor stance Neither women are allowedobjects. to lessen themselves as to a low not and beings human as society Islamic an of erection womenthe to contribute actively can men with along government, Islamic the “In said: has Khomeini by theexpansionists. Hijab isfor revivingthesevalues.” might be implemented on them satanic temptations which for men or women, is to protect values their true from the either commanded, has God What values. your protect in yourequires to Islam is that Hijab observe to of type the opinion course, “Of society: the his in role its and Hijab expresses to is regards women Khomeini of Imam individuality and preserved. nobility the Hijab, of society.protectionthe the in Under good tradable likea treated being from worth and personality human their prevents and gazes inappropriate from women protects h cruto o hmn oite – the – societies human of corruption The With regards to the role of women in the society, Imam cover, Islamic or Hijab, opinions, some to Contrary . ” IRAN MIRROR AUGUST aal pwr of power the capable through built countries are of structures appropriate the and so; nations and women more of producers statements: are “Men the in following beautifully it expressed has men he of and role the than women.” 2018

19 IRAN MIRROR I Iran’s ‘Qanat’irrigation tunnelsbecome association and combinationwithnature. in manifested are science and technology architecture, westward. and eastward spreading Persia later ago, in years 3,000 developed over was technology Qanat Isfahan. and Markazi, , Khorasan,Kerman, South Khorasan, them. of country’sprovinces:the Razavi each of Theysix in located are of length and depth architecture, age, the considering after July in List Heritage World the on other qanatsexisting inIran today. distinguishes technology them particular from Their the 33,000 ago. years 200 recent, most the and 2,500 ago, years than more built was these of oldest The for delivered be regions. arid and parched country’smost the to centuries to water allowed have that tunnels irrigation ancient those qanats, are they palaces: royal sites. They’re neither mosques, nor monuments, nor majestic inscribed 11 Iranian treasures on its list of World Heritage UNESCO World Heritage Sites 20 Heritage Sites ran’s ‘Qanat’ Irrigation Tunnels Become UNESCO World aa i a nqe ehooia ceto where, creation technological unique a is Qanat UNESCO experts approved the11qanats’inscription

UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee has recently has Committee HeritageWorld UNESCO’s IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018 UNESCO HERITAGE SITE emperor who ruled from around 559 B.C. to 530 B.C.) 530 to B.C. 559 around from ruled who emperor than 3,000 years ago. the Great Cyrus (the Achaemenid more – Iran pre-Islamic meaning – Persia in developed Persian — as isitsPersian equivalent Kariz orKahriz. Though Latin. modern and in used commonly is Persian,it ancient Greek in absent ancient as such languages non-Semitic Semitic and Arabic, and Aramaic byas such languages up picked was It reed. for word Akkadian the from comes name The regions. semi-arid and arid in be several kilometers long, kilometerslong. oreven tensof can gallery The ventilation. its ensures and gallery excavatedthe fromdebris the of evacuation the permits shafts or intermediary wells at 50 to 100 meters intervals vertical of series a of drilling The well. mother the reach to downstream starts gallery the of digging The table. well that guarantees the quality and volume the of water itoutwards.channel flow of water. It is designed to capture ground water and the ensure to slope gentle a with horizontally practically ay itras ge ta qnt ehooy was technology qanat that agree historians Many water of source consistent and reliable a is qanat The mother a of drilling the with begins construction Its dug is that channel underground an is qanat The ear Te ac qnt s lo h ods i Ia. Its Iran. in oldest the approximately datesback construction 3,000years. also is qanat Zarch The repair. and cleaning qanat’s the enable which shafts inspection or wells intermediary 2,115 of up made is and Iran, in longestthe qanat long,is kilometers it 71 Measuring List. some interpretations,theGreat. isnoneotherthanCyrus in who, — king legendary Khosrow,a Kay of order by built was qanat particular this that states (1003-1077) and itsunderground gallery is131,035mlong. wellmother 320m, its is wells. of depth The intermediary 427 up made is It B.C. 500 and 700 between built was it believe experts world; the in qanats oldest the of one Keykhosrow.Kariz-e Persianis name byits It known also in the Razavi KhorasanIran. province It northeastern is of Heritage List is the Qasabeh qanat of the city of , and Morocco. Spain to Arabs the by on passed was it and Tunisia, to The occupation. Moorish waythe all and RomansEast acrossMiddle it the spread the during Sicily, of capital the Palermo, in introduced even was Libya It Africa. and North Algeriain Morocco, to westward and China, from 550B.C. to486B.C.) intheEgyptian oases. introduced it in Oman, and his successor Darius (who ruled aas ae h avnae f en rslet to resilient being of advantage the have Qanats The Zarch qanat is also inscribed on the World Heritage Khosrow Nasir travelogue, or Safarnameh, his In World UNESCO’s on inscribed sites 11 the of One and India to from eastward spread It UNESCO HERITAGE SITE that the clepsydra was widely used at the time in Persia.in time the at clepsydraused the waswidely that indicate would This stream. farmer’s another towards channel it and water the of course times), the ormore change would he (one up filled was container small the when water,and of container larger a inside hole little a with container small a place outlet, water the to next water. qanat’s the of distribution equitable the oversee to own their of one appoint would farmers villages, the in that notes B.C., century Great 3rd the in campaign Asian his the during Alexander accompanied who Callisthenes, device). time-measuring water-operated (a clepsydra waterqanat by the of using distribution equitable the of byreport Radio France Internationale. July a to according westward, and eastward spreading later ago, years 3,000 over Persia wartime destruction. as such disasters, human levels.resist Theyalso and earthquakes rainfall affected by really not are as and floods, such disasters natural t ivnin rbby a smtig o o ih the first place. with do the Persiansin to the by technology qanat of development something has probably invention Its The designated representative would sit on a podium a on sit wouldrepresentative designated The problem the solvedPersians ancient the that seems It in developed was technology Qanat IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018

21 IRAN MIRROR 22 IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST architectural embellishment. architectural Iranian Calligraphy: aunique inMashhad,Razavi Province, Khorasan Iran. 2018 approach to CALLIGRAPHY I the art of plaster and brickwork. They later applied in applied later They brickwork. and plaster of art the in progressed then and containers and objects small to limited was decoration first, At art. Islamic of formation Iranian numerous and the present, to significantly contributed have elements pre-Islamic the to BC 5000 least and characters. our favourites, with of each their own inimitable approaches some to you introduce we here examples, exquisite Iranian distinctively architectural scale and a style. There are them very many giving as well as halls prayer and mosques of air spiritual the enhance to designed been depicting the word of God, these Often decorative panels have impact. maximum give to explored are textures expressions. Many different styles, techniques, glazes and unique created has educative or decorative,informative andfrom styletostyle. toepoch epoch calligraphy over representational arts, it developed from weits useintothehighart appreciatetoday. os ak o r-sai tms u i i te ok of work the is Islamic era calligraphers and illuminators that elevated it but times pre-Islamic to back goes ranians’ passion for using script as an artistic impression rhtcue n rn a a otnos itr fo at from history continuous a has Iran in Architecture being component, architectural an incorporationas Its of art the for preference Islamic the byEncouraged CALLIGRAPHY history of calligraphy in the mosques (from the entrance the (from mosques the in calligraphy of history became it meaningful. time, This overarticle however,provides inscriptions; a summary the of the in only meaning same the had it beautification, and decoration for only Islamicculture. features of important the of one and Islam in art Islamic of sources important most the of one was hand, calligraphy Islam, other after the On art. Islamic and Iranian ancient of beauty the of principles the on precisely based are Iran the mosques inIran. of decoration calligraphy Arabic the saw we and the of Iranianchanged, significantlyclassical architecture arrival the Iran, to Islam of introduction the and Arabs the byIran of invasion the After design. and decoration especially during the Islamic era, are related to The splendor and beauty of Iranian architecture, Islam with the calligraphyof art in decorations. plants) and in (animals pre-Islam, was motifs used of in the form aftermath of the in prevalent aswell. architecture o sa utl h Sfvd eid, hc cno ignore cannot which period), Safavid the until Islam to First, the calligraphy had no cultural meaning and was The principles of aesthetics in the art of calligraphy in The art of gypsum and brickwork, which was Inside the dome of MahanMosque, kermanInside thedome of inIran IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018

23 IRAN MIRROR of the main subjects in Iranian art. In IranianIn architecture, Iranianin subjects main the art. of of years thousand history tothevisitors several of gates the opens and that art of of book old but page each moment, history,architecture, brief a in which live a like are monuments own originalityand simplicity. and expansion. Throughout comfort history, Iranian had architecture strength, its on as such based principles been primary three has architecture Iranian that feature years. havearchitecture been rooted in this land for some 5000 of works and written art that anthropologists Eastern the and archaeologists among find We country. this of part every in art of examples all are villages different and monuments Numerous planning. and engineering on focus first the was land this that evidence good is times ancient in art the of Advancement Iran. in art oldest the performance. aesthetic and social of terms in space public a creating in play elements decorative that role important the also, decorativeand calligraphytheir ideas; the in roleof the 24 Repeat motifs, symbolic role and decorations are one are decorations and roleRepeat symbolic motifs, ancient and villages especially Iran, of parts All this reveals architecture Iranian ancient of glimpse A is architecture the and history as old as is life ART’S IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST The interiorwall theSheikh-Lotf-AllahmosqueinIsfahan,Iran of 2018 CALLIGRAPHY n sai at oh rcia ad eoaie set of aspects decorative and practical both art Islamic in words, other In beautifully. presented be will required is what art Islamic hand, other the On avoided. be will issues vain and negative art mean which principles main andarchitecture shapes inart abstract and geometric unique create to managed Iran, and ancient of culture and art abstract of God aspects using with between and idols and analogy objects worshiping for fight anyand humans, of originates rejection which Islam, from of spirit abstract the learning abstract art. manifestations of these became one the of of most sophisticated and most complete because maybearchitecture Iranian opportunities, cultural and and historical period Islamic the the in for platform architecture and art of excellent shapes abstract of development an became architecture and displayed. shaped beautifully been have beings human and nature inseparable combination. Also, naturalas plant, elements animal, such and new a it makes which environmental, and painting integrated with elements of construction and carving with embossed generally elements symbolic the In Islamic art, ‘the avoidance of vanity’ is one of the of one is vanity’ of avoidance ‘the art, Islamic In with period Islamic the in architects and Iranianartists Iranian pre-Islamic of qualities outstanding two These CALLIGRAPHY and decoration is not complete at all. The all. at complete not is decoration and adornments their without mosques the of architecture the Reviewing arts. Islamic of expression artistic of place first the been community,decoration . its Muslim to paid been the has attention particular of base the is mosque a Since God else.anything than rather about think place; only sacred human therefore, a it make to adornment and thepeople. God between relationship the to establish place a be should It place. sacred creates a that arts is various of mosque collection a a fact, for In sense beauty. human’s the to well answers also and be not meaningless should art of work the aspect, practical for Therefore, considered. be will art of works developed by theIranians those of days. facilities The decorations of architecture were the with course all each throughout with progressed have and periods spread Islamic have and painting mirror carving, brickwork, tiling, plasterwork, like Decorations credibility. and significance special a has buildings, and applied arts to build the most religious decorative for arts Islamic Great design. Islamic era, depend on the decoration and the during especially architecture, Iranian hasbeencreated. architecture all the lands that Islam was In formed, Islamic church. icons, the in by paintings replaced and sculptures been has it fact, In inscriptions are unique Islamic architecture. and motifs Geometric realities. intangible express to is decorations such of purpose So it can be said that the mosque has mosque the that said be can it So and glory both has which place A The magnificence and beauty of beauty and magnificence The IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018

25 IRAN MIRROR L h lnug o te onig rpe o Ilm — Islam of Persian was Prophet the most important language in the Islamic founding the of language the — Arabic After Asia. South in as well as East, the in (lingua persica) of the central part of the Islamic franca world lingua the once was beyond, and languages neighbouring on influence considerable a fromhaving apart — languages of belonging branch Indo-European — the to people Persian the of language heritage. The civilized and achievements intellectual annals of the entered have thought philosophical and through a bodywhich rich literature,of music, scientific knowledge,the language of religionandmysticism. exception, has, thanks to its cultural richness, long been social and literary their of representations. all in handicrafts ultimately plays, in and isdepicted allegories, which poetry, life stories, their social their of reflection and spirituallegacies. cultural common possess they that discover even may They world. the of parts different in living people of to getopportunity familiar with customs and traditions acquainted withanew cultureandanew world. 26 esa i wdl rcgie a te language the as recognized widely is Persian no being literature, and language Persian perfect a is literature nation’s a that believed is It an with one provides language new a Knowing getting means language new each learning Thus between cultures and civilizations. culturesandcivilizations. between communication being understood and as means of anguage is defined as a tool for understanding and IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST of Iranian historyandCivilization of Persian language, avitalfeature 2018 PERSIAN LANGUAGE most important loops in the chain of world literatureand world of chain the in loops important most promoting. and preserving worth blessings are poetry and verse Persian the in wordings eloquent the and imageries as itsenthusiasts. as addressees its well of souls and minds the influence to continued has nature beings’ human with harmony allusions and exciting delicacies and which is in perfect knowledge intheworld. and thought of in realms influence various its preserve never make one feel bored because it has managed to the and astheofficiallanguageroyal of culture, court. high of elite, the of language the as served few,a Persianname to Ottomans, the and Seljuks the his of famous travels, and learned spoke Persian — to evenPolo,— Marco Moghuls the course the of during courts royal the From empire. and state of cultural language and official the as serve to continued which winds of time, constant remained the Persian language, innovations. its great eraartistic, technological, scientific an and intellectual — CE) 1258 recognized for its opulence and, more importantly, to for CE 750 (ca. Age Golden Islamic the as to referred period the throughout and Caliphate Abbasid the during particular, in empire; Persian language and literature is indeed one of the of one indeed is literature and languagePersian thebeautiful style, robust the concepts, fine The with replete is which literature Persian rich The can literature and Persianlanguage Talkingabout the with went and came dynasties countless While been attracted to it has, to some extents, been its moral its been extents, some to has, it to attracted been enthusiasts for this language and its great literature have mystery canhardlybefound elsewhere. after in the Iranian mysticism and its resultant beauty and a peculiar strong attraction and the peace which is sought has mysticism, Islamic and religious the of that especially policy and peace among the people living in these lands. science, heart, poetry, of language the be to continued has literature and language Persian values, human and religious feelings. and human common with lands these in living endowedpeople has the and Asia Central and Ottoman points in the world, namely the Indian Subcontinent, China, civilizations. European and Asian the Iranian linking in role pivotal a played the of presence people in influential international commerce and culture, Persian has geographical the Iran’s and the position by Aided legacies. greatest centuries tomake Persian thehumanity’s literature oneof throughout place taken have that influences mutual and an process enormous of cultural of exchanges, encounters the of East and the Islamic World. It is in fact the outcome civilization and jewelryculture the in of piece splendid a keener on reaching outforkeener theirpupilsandenthusiasts. onreaching literature and religion in people important and mystics the made has that concepts mystic expressing in Persian of capability and eloquence very this is it And contents. oevr ti i ol a at f h tuh bu the about truth the of part a only is this Moreover, the why reason the that say to exaggeration no is It It is because of the fact that the language of mysticism, Due to its moral and mystic contents as well as its natural critical connected has legacy spiritual mutual This PERSIAN LANGUAGE the world. in languages richest and sweetest of one is Persian the that fact the of admitting and hierarchy cultures and the languages world’s in top literature and language its for acknowledged is it handicrafts, andarchitecture. miniature art, music as way same the in works literary its by known is Iran there, living knowledge of itshistory. of apart formation of civilization, the Islamic as well as Europe knowledgeto of the dissemination the of evolution the in role pivotal glamour. geographicalcertain boundaries. It enjoys an everlasting throughout history. have been our greatest cultural representations works literarywords, our other In world. the in and establish our condition and cultural identity determine to required is world literaturethe in Persianstatus of literature intheworldtoday. of a modern man’s amodern feelingsandcivilizations. of hold that Persian language and literature contain the best some the of best literary masterpieces the of world. They believeteachers that the Islamic-Iranian culture embraces hs at a rsle i te paig h Persian the placing them in resulted has fact This men the manyWesternamong In especially countries, a played has language this centuries past the In to itself limited never has language Persian The Persian the A status full of understanding of ay uoen rnlgss n Prin language Persian and Iranologists European Many IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018

27 IRAN MIRROR 28 IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018 that costsmorethan (Zafaran): thespice IRAN’S REDGOLD Iran’s Saffron S flower. To achieve 1kg of this appreciated condiment, ofthis it takes thousands of flowers, 1kg as achieve each To flower. stigmas are separated by hand for drying with new thatcanbereplanted. corms so or 10 to up yield will and up dug be can a it matured has into plant a growingonce and plant of crocus capable is these of one Each corm. a called structure like bulb a from picked in the morning to make one kilo for sale. strands of crimson crocus blooms to be 200,000 gingerly requires which process painstaking and cosmetics. medicine in application further with pastries, and food flavor to used is substance aromatic reddish, the where Iran, in years 3,000 than Greece, Azerbaijan,Morocco, andItaly. India, Spain, are saffron of producers minor Other spice the of capital Khorasan the being province northeastern the with yield world the of percent 94 than more with saffron, of Spicesisinsomanyof Persian food recipes. Bride this and Zafaran by made is Beverage Production Food and Unique Food Iranian many So Iran, in Spices and the of one is and growing isvery andharvesting laborious. of process the and stigmas three only contains Once the flowers are picked, tiny orange tiny picked, are flowers the Once instead but seed a from grow not does It a is harvest and cultivation Saffron more of history a has cultivation Saffron production world the in first ranks Iran Iran in grown mostly is Saffron or Zafaran ol’ ms epnie pc ta is that Crocus the of stigmas the from spice obtained expensive the most is world’s gold”, “red called also affron, gold Amazing benefits of Zafaran Amazing benefitsof doses. small very in aroma and flavor incredible yield that picrocrocin and safranal complex aromatic compounds from come saffron of flavor and smell The properties. anti-oxidantstrong has which crocin called pigment a specific very own its surroundings. in bloom to only flower will fragile It blossom. and mysterious this for required the sunshine) reproduce and humidity (temperature, to conditions ideal able been never has Man spice. expensive most and precious most world’s the saffron make conditions growing demanding The meticulous. and long is process picking the and art true a indeed to flourishfully. perfect natural environment for the magnificent flowers the needing and demanding yet sensitive women, to for seasoning andcoloring. used spice, fragrant and sharp the of kilogram one just produce to needed stigmas 450,000 about 1. The beautiful red orange hue of saffron comes from is flower delicate extremely this of production The In Iran, saffron farmers compare this wondrous spice hair growth. of stimulating in helpful also is application The is scalp the good in prevention hair of loss and hair growth. over applied when licorice milk and saffron, of mix of The (alopecia). application baldness of treating The in good is scalp the over loss: Zafraan hair for Saffron Women petalsfromthefarm picking saffron IRAN’S REDGOLD 5. 4. 3. 2. 7. 6. antioxidants that are beneficial in contending in beneficial are that antioxidants spotsfromwrinkles andotherblack theface. is good in prevention of acne, blemishes, pimples, wash and the same after face 10 minutes. yourThis application over paste the (6-7 Apply leaves leaves). basil and strands) 10 of ( paste Zafraan a Make pimples: for good Saffron skin. fairer for week a thrice or twice repeated be gently. Wash it after 5 minutes. The process may massage and face your over mix Now,this use hours. 2-3 forwater into it soaked and saffron of strands 4-5 Take skin: glowing for Saffron face. be done minutes once in week to have smooth and glow 15 for it water.should fresh It followedwith bywashing left and gently massage face,your on paste the Apply tsp). powder(1 sandalwood and tsp) (3 milk strands), 3 to (2 highly saffronone should make mixing of a face pack is that suggested is Saffron It skin. radiant for skin: beneficial radiant for Saffron ic n slnu. oe f hs ae helpful are these of Some selenium. and zinc zafraan potassium, cooper, calcium, The as manganese, iron, such magnesium, minerals pressure: many contains spice blood for Saffron slow down thus protect theheart. bybeat controllingallowingheart in to good is Saffron controls rate: Potassium heart in saffron health. diseases andpromotion of of prevention in therebyhelps radicals free of Saffron as anti-oxidants: Saffron is having many IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018

29 IRAN MIRROR 30 13. 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST compounds and an anti-convulsant. It stimulates stimulates It anti-convulsant. an and compounds medicinal multiple digestionof presence to due Saffronforgood digestion:for Saffrongood is spasms andspas. the body. It is also used in body healing, cramps, therapeutic applications and in detoxification of radicals thus promotes overall thebody. well-being of free controlling by diseases various as of contending compounds in good are which antioxidants, bio-chemical many contains wisdom inthebody. as anticonvulsant. Kesar brings cheerfulness and like acts and depression controlling in effective safranal and alfa-crocin, a volatile oil compound, of andreducesoxidant-inducedimmunity stress. presence The buster: carotenoids is beneficial in boosting the level of stress as Saffron protect thehuman body from cancer. all these are acts like as immune modulator and as is such zea-xanthin, lycopene, Saffron compounds alpha and beta bio-chemical prevention:carotene; containing cancer for Saffron haemoglobin. formation of the in as well as pressure blood controlling in Saffron for detoxification: It has many has It detoxification: for Saffron Saffron prevention: disease for Saffron contains Zafraan antidepressant: as Saffron 2018 IRAN’S REDGOLD 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. afo ad oe, ep t rlee an from pain relieve to helps honey, and saffron Saffron for Massaging toothache: the tooth with milk alongwithsaffron. or tea taking by eased be can pains related reliever.Periodspain as used is zafraan times, Saffron for pain management: Since the ancient complexion. your improving in is for water), in strands minutes with 20-30 saffron Bathing (soaked stands complexion: zafraan fair for Zafrran promotes health. optimum calcium, manganese, potassium, iron, magnesium, zinc and selenium, cooper, as of such presence minerals The health: overall for Saffron in blood. haemoglobin the in good is saffron that iron contains formation: haemoglobin for Saffron is cellsinthebody.also helpfulinrepairingof is It tissues. and it cells of growth the magnesium, in helpful and nutrients, potassium macro-micro especially many Due of functioning: presence cellular to for good Saffron enlarged. get spleen and liver the when beneficial also is Saffron stomach. of function for the (1g) strengthening saffron and litre) (1 water of mix a make should one that suggested is It digestion. 26. 25. 24. 23. 22. 21. 20. Picking saffronPicking flowers in curing of age related muscular degeneration. used is Saffron problems: muscular for Saffron carbohydrate (18g), protein (87), (3g) and fiber Calories (1g). nutrition: following the contains saffron of grams 28 value: nutritional Saffron refreshment purposes. as well as recipes food many in used is it taste, unique its to Due Refreshment: various ailments. acts like as immunity booster and save you from an appropriate vitamin C, which percentage of having is Saffron immunity: develops Saffron coughandcold. the sameishelpfulincuringof drinking and warmwaterlitre) mixedwith (1 is g) 1 to g (0.5 saffron When colds: for Saffron helpful asanalgesic. a veryand system nervous the on impact greater contains has Saffron which safranal, called compound sedative analgesic: as Saffron andskinirritation. skin cracking lips, of cracking tongues, of swelling soreness, throat of prevention in helpful is basis regular on saffron of (riboflavin). Taking B2 vitamin of source biggest the is which products, plant few the among is Saffron lips: healthy for Saffron mouth. as the of honeyparts toned the relax glycerinto as well with applied also be may It gums. IRAN’S REDGOLD 31. 30. 29. 28. 27. Separating orange stamenfrom thepurpleflowers Drinking of saffron milk helps to stimulate stimulate mood control to that serotonin helps of production the milk saffron of Drinking pregnancy. during common is which cramps, of during the occurrence enhancing reduces for and flow Saffron blood good pelvic is milk pregnancy: with pregnancy for Saffron clear breath. to helps Saffron asthma. of controlling in good prescribed saffron for arthritis patients. It is physicians also auurvedic The arthritis: for Saffron cycle.blood lossduringmenstrual Saffron for menses: Zafran is used to controlled itsneurological benefits.because of forehead the on used is saffron times, the ancient Since problems: neurological for Saffron older the people. to vigor provide to ability the has herb magical to this Even vitality. used men’s enhance is Saffron vitality: male for Saffron cells. degeneration the damaged the healing in helps also but process reduces only not Saffron pregnant mother. among depression and stress tension, swings, IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018

31 IRAN MIRROR M eiee. u t is mes sz ad t numerous its and size immense its to Due perimeter. its abutting buildings other with walls shares mosque integration. Positioned at the the center old of city, the Persia.Islamic empiresof great the of tastes aesthetic the and exigencies political embodying visually documentary, an is architectural It centuries. 20th the through 8th the from out is the sum building of and decorating activities carried the in place special Its Islamic present history architecture. configurationof a enjoys thus and regard this a thousandyears. expansion and modification to continue over a span of however, community; Muslim or foruncommon is it such growththe with conjunction in umma, the of needs and the of architect. expertise Congregational the mosques and are patron, often the expanded of choices the illustrate the the period style or of geographic region, 32 Masjed-e Jame (congregational mosque),inIsfahan Another distinctive aspect the of mosque is its urban in unique is Iran in Isfahan of Mosque Great The IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST ies i dsg ad iesos te can they dimensions, and design in Diverse mosque. congregational populations primary a Muslim possess sizable with cities ost of Isfahancity of The grand, congregational mosque 2018 RELIGION construction and decorativeconstruction different periods styles of architectural of sequence a illustrates monument The mosque in Iran, located in the historical centre of Isfahan. a courtyard). is to side one on opens that space vaulted a iwanis (an Isfahan of Mosque considered the Great prototype for future four-iwan mosques the Indeed, design. four-iwan current its to grew mosque the successors, immediate his and 1072-1092) (ruled of I reign Shah the Malik Under location. current the on existed already courtyard inner single a with mosque earlier Safavid, and An Qajar during rule. Il-Khanid, Timurid, made werealterations and Additions capital. their as 11th century when the Seljuk Turks established Isfahan public principal functionasaplacefor prayer alone. facilitated its transcending mosque thus activity commercial and mobility the monument, sacred insular an being from Far city. the crisscrossing paths of network arterial the connecting hub, pedestrian a formed it now), inaccessible exceptone (all entrances Masjed-e Jame’ is the oldest Friday (congregational) The mosque’s core structure dates primarily from the n oqe ein Te ea a-ok oe s the is Dome al-Molk Nezam the The design. mosque became in thereby Islamic aesthetic layoutnewand a and for construction prototype to architecture palaces Sassanid religious of layout courtyard Ayvan) (Chahar iwan four the adapted that building high qualityextensions anddecoration. of addition by periods Islamic later during mosque enlarged earlier the an complex of during has the been Seljuq further era, which during expansion applied and restoration technology and adaptation architectural in innovation of example outstanding an is Islamic Isfahan of Jame’ of Masjed-e The styles. compilation architectural a as Jame’ Masjed-e the of textbookcharacter the as well as architecture, Islamic in typology Ayvan) (Chahar iwan four the of use first earliest double-shell ribbed Nezam al-Molk dome, the style. architectural Islamic distinctive a of prototype the became mosque the courtyard as well as two extraordinary domes, the Ayvan)around (Chahar iwansfour the of introduction eras. characteristic Safavid the and expansion and Seljuq Seljuq, its Following Timurid Buyid, Muzzafarid, Abbasid, Ilkhanid, the predominantly most centuries, 12 covering architecture, Islamic Iranian in Criterion (ii): Masjed-e Jame is the first Islamic first the is Jame Masjed-e (ii): Criterion the in illustrated well is character prototype The RELIGION its vicinity. For this reason, the any project proposed should of integrity property the is highly However,vulnerable to time. development projects in over functions significant and extensions its all with complex mosque of the property are adequate to encompass the entire boundaries mosque and The time. the in at made architecture dome the advances illustrate to sufficient are domes the two the and of iwans, four the elements plan, ground key the especially era, Seljuq the from remains The period. Seljuq the from date which of prominent most the styles, architectural Islamic of Integrity in several theIslamicworld. latereras andregionsof referenced was which construction, dome and layout prototyperecognized fora design, mosque later these of two elements, the Masjed-e Jame is in constructions complexes.burial basis and the mosque On dome elaborate more introduced for allowing which skills, engineering empire, new Islamic structure the dome in ribbed double-shell first etn ad ra pootos rud h Masjed-e the around proportions urban and setting historic the respect and Assessments Impact Heritage comprehensive of basis the on assessed carefully be The Masjed-e Jame’ contains a continuous sequence IRAN MIRROR AUGUST Masjed-e Jame pulpit 2018

33 IRAN MIRROR to its religious use, both in terms of information panel information of sensitiveterms in use,both religious its to remain to museum has Jame’ the Masjed-e feeling, of and function spirit of authenticity the respect Tocharacter. urban in changes to vulnerable highly is which of authenticity the setting, significant a the street network of the bazaar area, the mosque has historic bazaar fabric. to Attached and accessed from Isfahan the of component a as prayers,and for used be to continues which mosque, a as both Isfahan, of Jame’ Masjed-e the of aspects function the important is authenticity most of the of One materials. and craftsmanship traditional using standard, adequate an to out carried were 1984, in raid air followingan 34 IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST eosrcin wih eae necessary became a which and Restorations reconstruction, location. and design material, in authentic are domes, Taj and al-Molk al-Molk Malek the and iwans four the Authenticity Jame’. Most elements of the mosque, in particular mosque,the particular in of elements Most Masjed-e Jame Minaret 2018 RELIGION Yet, it is essential that the designated property and property designated the that essential is it Yet, law. national under fall zones buffer that (ICHHTO), stipulates Organization which 2001, in adopted decision cabinet Tourisma following and Heritage,handicraft Cultural Iranian the by up set regulations by protected is zone buffer its Likewise (1920). Iran of Republic Islamic the of Law Constitution the of 83 article following 1932) of 95 (no. monument national requirements Protection andmanagement design andvisitornumbers. should bedeveloped andadoptedwithhighpriority. strategies,risk-preparedness and management visitor sensitive on sections includes which property, the for mosque complex. the in base permanent a into moving processof the in it is located in the vicinity the of Masjed-e Jame’ but is inscription of time the At activities. of supervision and coordination day-to-day the for responsible is managementoffice site The intervals. regular at progress work monitors and activities of schedules and plans project approvedetailed and review to authority the and has Committee Technical The protectionsite. the of the conservation supervising for responsible is it and experts, reputable as well as Isfahan, of mayor of and governor representatives the authorities, Vaqf the of ICHHTO, The the consist office. management Committee site Steering the and Committee Technical a Committee, Steering a bodies, three by authoritiesisestablished. municipal cooperation between the ICHHTO and the responsible and wellas plan, master urban Isfahan the continuous a as bylaws zoning the in integrated is zone buffer ajde ae o Ifhn s eintd s a as designated is Isfahan of Jame’ Masjed-e An integrated conservation and management plan management and conservation integrated An coordinated is property the of management The T ahda i Ifhns uf. s n o te historical the of one As Julfa. Isfahan’s in cathedral this holychurch. of interior decorated delicately its with comparison in lucid really are cathedral the of exteriorparts the of brickwork plain and modern The churches. European in typical chancel raised and apse semi-octagonal a of addition difference, of nuance a just with mosque Iranian typical a resembling sanctuary, domed a has Convent or monastery in Armenian language. The place Isfahan is Vank Cathedral. It is called Vank which means God. their to pray to themselves for churches constructed have they thus Messiah; of religion the devoted to themselves have who groups minority some are there theresidents. worship dependingonthereligionof of in all the cities across Iran you can find numerous places ak ahda i te ags ad ot beautiful most and largest the is Cathedral Vank in Iran of attractions marvelous most the of One but Muslims, are residents the of most Isfahan In Religious diversity inIran wished to worship God in peace and quiet. Thus quiet. and peace in God worship to wished have who religion of men the for place a religious been always has Iran of Republic Islamic he Vank Cathedral inIsfahan RELIGION f rein rhdx rmt o te ics of diocese the Iran. Isfahan and South of of primate Orthodox Armenian of place residence the is currently and and ceilings beautiful high walls, tall and dome a includes cathedral Iranian in built This era. Hossein Soltan is Shah the in style cathedralarchitecture the of entrance main in painted Italian paintingstyle. are life Christ’s Jesus from murals Some illumination. gold and paint oil with decorated been has and plaster coveredwith are cathedral of angles Vank Cathedral were brick and adobe; all the interior styles. twoprofessional architectural combinationof a and architecture Iranian of use by designed been has facade exterior its and architecture Armenian of rectangular. The interior of cathedral presents a sample is cathedral the of plan The years. 50 in form current Abbas II in a garden in 1605 and was extended to the tourists from across theworld. of thousands cathedrals,hosts cathedral the Armenian lre retnig efy oes ls t the to close towers belfry freestanding large A The materials that had been used in the building of Shah of time the at established wascathedral The IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018

35 IRAN MIRROR h hv been have who Christians and gravesProtestant Orthodox of the over towers and courtyard stands in the belfry cathedral freestanding process their paperwork. Armenians helped which offices, once were that rooms thebuilding. of wooden door through which visitors enter the courtyard the Mesopotamianregion. and decorative treatment of many in churches Iran and andanIslamic-styledome. with higharches leads intothenave. wallthe along buried 36 On the right the side belfry of there is a large blue belfry the structure, main the after years 38 Built large A two encounters one courtyard, the entering Upon large a is cathedral the of entrance main The The cathedral has greatly influenced the architecture IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST itr o te 7hcnuy aai style Safavid 17th-century the of mixture Vankside buildingsof Cathedral. the are offices and library museum, house, cathedral.Publishing courtyardthe of in are of publishing industry) and Archbishop David h acietr o te ulig s a is building the of architecture The father Kesaratsi(The TombsKhachatur of 2018 before theentrance. administrative as used on the religion of theresidents.”on thereligionof depending worship of places numerous find quiet. Thus in all the cities across Iran you can and peace in God worship to wished have a religious place for the men religion of who “The Islamic Republic of Iran has always been RELIGION European languages andarts. medieval and Armenian on sources hard-to-find and housestheVankbuilding, which library andmuseum. religiousauthoritiesinIran. Armenian other as well as retinue, his and archbishop Isfahan guests,the accommodate to built havebeen halls and the memorial to light candles in their honor martyrs. of massacre. Every year on April 23 Armenians gather by Ottoman the of victims the of memory in up set been Jolfa quarter. the of churches ruined the from collected been stones have The stones. crucifix by surrounded inscription f Amnas n ter rpry n afis n the in affairs and property their and Armenians of, persecution the or with, interference prohibiting and Jolfa New the establishing I including Abbas Shah of Isfahan, edict 1606 of community Armenian the h lbay otis oe hn 0 manuscripts 700 than more contains library The a is cathedral the facing and courtyard the Across rooms courtyard, cathedral’s the of corner a At has memorial a left, the to area raised a On the Armenian world. the Armenian across from gathered items of types various and of collections priceless unique houses f h cterl and cathedral the of objects history the to contains related numerous museum ul i 17, the 1871, in Built museum Vank The to the 1915 massacre of Armenians by Ottoman kings. related documents Turkish and maps,photographs, of the uniquearchive. the museum’s of part from also are items heritage trading valuable Iranian-Armenian by other and embroideries back brought paintings European tapestries, costumes, seven languages. smallest written text in some to be the world’s the A museum is believed at by bible displayed seven-gram dazzling collection. museum’s district. etet, osrne, hlcs n other and chalices monstrances, Vestments, The Vank museum also houses an extensive collection Safavid Bibles Exquisite r as pr o the of part also are Armenian merchants, merchants, Armenian is now kept at Oxford’s Bodleian Library” which David, of Psalms bythe the was machine printed book Vank first at The housed Museum. also is which from Europe, machine printing a brought Jolfa of resident Armenian an 1844, in “Later RELIGION f ai, hc i nw et t xods Bodleian Oxford’s at kept now is which David, of housed atVank Museum. also is Europe,from which machine printing a brought Amsterdam in1647. Khachatoor, was replaced by a new one brought from museum. the at displayed been also have objects sacramental The first book printed by the machine was the Psalms Jolfa of resident Armenian an 1844, in Later The early printing machine, which was built by Bishop IRAN MIRROR AUGUST the Vank museum. are nowwhich kept at of prints few a monks, and priests Armenian Vank of lives the wasabout at book published first The East. Middle the and Iran in kind as its of first known the is house h Vn printing Vank The 2018

37 IRAN MIRROR r cvrd with by beingtortured Armenians theOttomanTurks. covered are walls interior the of depicted above and hell below. heaven with seen be can Day paintings Judgment of cathedral the of wall wings. folded by surrounded images painted bear carvings and eye-catching tilework and the pendentives murals with covered are walls depicting events Jesus. from thelifeof the of top the and interior. among thestoriespaintedbetween thewindows. are Able of death the and fruit forbidden the eating painted between them. The creation Adam of and Eve, theuniverse andman’sof expulsion from Eden. in its azure interior. patters floral and paintings with adorned and 38 Eight windows surround the dome with biblical scenes The paintings depict the Biblical story of the creation gilded beautifully is dome brick double-layer The parts bottom The northern the On gilded paintings, with adorned is interior The motifs floral with adorned is ceiling entrance The IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST striking contrast with its gloriously decorated gloriously its with contrast striking stunning and European-style frescosinside. a to gold Byzantine tiles, wayPersian of combination gives cathedral the Library. h mdr ad li etro hs a has exterior plain and modern The of exterior brick dun-colored The 2018 anig depicting paintings head cherub’s a of paintings insidethecathedral” the in depicted stories biblical the and the among also are Jesus of Ascension Jesus of crucifixion the “The birth of Jesus, the Last Supper, RELIGION Jolfa, which is located on the banks of the Zayandeh the of banks the on located is which Jolfa, Abbas II also paid close attention to Armenians and New and Minas. Stepanus Havans, namely; monks, three and masters Armenian by painted been have and testaments new cathedral. the inside paintings the in depicted stories biblical the among also are Jesus of Ascension the and Jesus of inflicteduponholyfigures. tortures show and patterns floral with surrounded are which the dailyAlik. publish also Armenians books, journals, periodicals, and newspapers, including Councils. Expediency and country’s the in Guardian status observing official with minority only the are and (Majlis) Parliament Iranian and country the across eventually becameIran’s largest Christiancommunity. centers sports and artistic Soviet Union. After the death of Shah Abbas I, his successor Shah Abbassuccessor Shah his I, of death the After and old both by inspired been have paintings The crucifixion the Supper, Last the Jesus, of birth The paintings, four with adorned also is narthex The oa, rna-rein hv to et i the in seats two have Iranian-Armenians Today, cultural, various and schools churches, built They eues otne to continued refugees until and immigrants grew as 1933 number in community community. the Iranian-Armenian of part large a houses still and River flock to Iran from the from Iran to flock Iran’s Armenian Armenian Iran’s space for introducing national and native rituals and rituals native and national introducing for space noted him. library,” music specialised a building and workshops music establishing by of field the in areas educational SoundinTabriz. theMuseumof the openingof for grounds and the provided also has He ethnic origin. national of instruments musical of kinds different Hossein Sajedi,anIranian collectorandtarvirtuoso. House, Music the of headmaster and musician researcher, a by run been has Sound of Museum the music. valuable cultural treasures inthefieldof strengthen province’sheritageorganizationto cultural the by move effective and useful a was Azarbaijan, of music rich the rebuildingpreserving and of aim the with country the in museum sound first the as activity East of music Azarbaijan province. contemporary and past the of tunes delightful the narrates 2018, March in opened was Tabriz. Iranianof the city in museums place,The which arz uem f on cn rvd a suitable a provide can Sound of Museum Tabriz “We are doing our best to expand the research and Sajedi, also an author of several books, has collected website, news Modern Tabriz the to According its started which museum, unique this Running of dozens the of one is Sound” of “Museum The Tabriz: A Museum of Sound MUSIC the OIC (OrganizationIslamic Cooperation) of capital as designated been has Azarbaijan, East of province of Museum the Sound. as used be to renovated been has East the of Azarbaijan Province Department the historical house of Amir Parviz Tourism and Handicrafts black-and-white recorders, televisions, etc.” discs, gramophones, other Among radios, bells, museum. doorknockers, old are the showcased items at displayed events also national are and religious other and recitations comprehensive and sufficient gain knowledge thisregion,Sajedisaid. of aboutmusic to want who here and they are available to scholars and researchers themuseum. sectionsof important most the of one as considered be can section Archive” existingto “Audioobjects,addition the In museum. this said theresearcher. and scholars music, Azarbaijani and Iranian of for field the in students context appropriate an provide arz te aia o te ot-etr Iranian north-western the of capital the Tabriz, Heritage, Cultural the of assistance the With Quran Holy to prayers, calls of files “Audio Valuable in music works different of fields are kept Over 300 items related to “sound” are showcased in IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018

39 IRAN MIRROR opiig cleto o Ahn te sai cl to call Islamic (the Adhan of collection a comprising and wind instruments. percussion string, bowed including instruments, musical for specified been has section a said Sajedi UNESCO-registered Tabriz HistoricBazaarComplex. and Tabriz of Mosque Jameh including sites, religious and renowned historical of number Organization. Tourismand Handicrafts Heritage, Cultural the of auspices the sector under private the running by be will which are among other objects loudspeakers, sound recorders, and centuries-old bells uzis pol wo eie h cl fr prayers), for call the recite who (people various muezzins by day) the of times prescribed at worship 40 It has a comprehensive archive of recorded music, music, recorded of archive comprehensive a has It museum, the of sections different on Elaborating a hosts Tabriz IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST eod, un als gaohns T sets, TV gramophones, tables, turn records, province” Sajediwas quoted. the in valuabletourism promote and Iran’streasure musical as well as art and culture treasured Iran’s introduce and preserve to tourismin2018. of niu tb rdo, hngah, vinyl phonographs, radios, tube Antique is museum the launching of goal “The 2018 r o Tbi, and Tabriz, of Arg museum, the of and Tourism Organization.” Handicrafts Heritage, Cultural the of auspices which museum, the under sector private bythe the running be will of objects other are among bells centuries-old and recorders, sound turn tables, gramophones, TV sets, loudspeakers, “Antique tube radios, phonographs, vinyl records, MUSIC following theconquest. dynasties of number a of city capital the as served It and tourists among city the of popularity the increase televisions andoldsoundrecorders. black-and-white projectors, film discs, phonographs, musical ceremonies andevents. local other and pilgrim) a of departure the mark to held ritual special (a Khani Chavosh Imam), performance based on the martyrdom of the third Shia theater religious (a Ta’zieh-Khani recitations, Qur’an h lte hs en eintd UEC World UNESCO Heritage Site. a designated been has latter the which of Bazaar, Tabriz and (citadel) Tabriz Arg-e every time. rebuilt was but earthquakes, devastating by razed and invaders Ottoman and raiders Mongolian During its long history, the city was ransacked by ransacked was city the history, long its During will centers cultural such that radios, hope Officials age-old display will museum The The city hosts famous sites, including Jame’ Mosque, oqet f Persia. of conquest Islamic the predates Tabriz East Azarbaijan, of northwestern province the 2018. during especially development, contribute to tourism h cptl of capital The I hl 6 ilo rtr fihs r md to foreign made are destinations. flights return million 6 while year per domestically airplanes via transported are onitswebsite.reported IAC respectively, rise year-on-year 14% and 6% a indicating period, the during transported were cargo corresponding period. year’s last with compared rise 7% a shows Aug. which 22, ending month Iranian the during landings and A330, and4ATR 72-600). Air, has received 7 airplanes (1 Airbus A321, 2 Airbus Airbus, Boeing and ATR. So far, Iran’s flag carrier, Iran fromdollars world’sthe aircraft makers,giant namely of billions of tens worth jets new more) 50 adding of sector post sanctions. To renew its fleet, Iranian fleet, its airlines have renew ordered a total of 323 (with the Tooption sanctions. post aviation sector its boosting in steps major taken has ran Expanding airport capacity and replacing an aging passengers million 18 some Samani, to According About 5.379 million passengers and 54,602 tons of takeoffsCompany41,485 registered Airports Iran Iran aviationIndustry AVIATION known as Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action deal, (JCPOA), nuclear its with of signed implementation the country after Europe the deals first the among was billion $27 worth jets Airbus 118 of purchase the for French giant plane maker Airbus on January 28, 2016 allow new routes andmarkets tobeexploited. The latest generation fuel efficient aircraft will also of routes. international as pentup well of as domestic on years demand upwith catch to fleet passenger existing its grow to as well as modernize to aircraft new/used 500 to 400 some require to forecast are Airlines Iranian aircraft. 40 to up of sale the finalize commercial andtrade operations. nation’sthe shakeup will that deal a in Iran to model, A380 flagship its including jets, new 118 supplying be will firm French The Airbus. with deal a billion inked $25 as Iran aircraft new of influx an seeing be will Air Iran carrier state-owned that announced was priority.January, it In top 2016, a is fleet commercial Iranian national flag carrier Iran Air’s deal with the to needed approvals U.S. received had ATR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018

41 IRAN MIRROR 42 employment in different sectors of thecountry.employment indifferentsectorsof supporting in role significant some play could deals purchase their signed has Iran which airplanes 200 over of entrance buyer), and (manufacturer countries both of people the for created are opportunities job aircraft creates jobs for about 1,000 people. While the creating somejobopportunities. while fleet aviation country’s the to seats new 1,200 28, 2017. September on Airport Mehrabad International the fifth and sixth turboprop aircrafts landed in Tehran’sand 2017 17, May on ATRjets passenger purchased ones in2018. other five and 2017 in jets Airbus new four receive will country Parvareshthe Farhad Director Managing 25, March and 2017, respectively, and according to 11, Iran Air’s former March 12, January in on Tehran landed Airbus giant aviation European the from the 1979revolution andtheU.S. embassytakeover. is Iran’s biggest deal with an American company since 11, 2016 to buy 80 aircrafts valued at $16.6 billion. It manufacturer. h gvrmn cn rae 0,0 t 400,000 to 300,000 create can government the

codn t Iain ao Mnse Ai Rabiei, Ali Minister Labor Iranian to According commercial each that indicate statistics Global over added Air Iran joining aircrafts new nine The the of four first the of delivery took also Air Iran The first, second and third planes that Iran purchased Iran Air also inked a deal with Boeing on December IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 40 turboprop planes from the Franco-Italian the from planes turboprop 40 to up buying for 2016 1, February on ATR and Air Iran between signed deal another byfollowed was 1979 in Revolution Islamic same month. the in Iran against sanctions the lifted which The biggest aircraft order by Iran since its 2018 AVIATION the flight path in a short span. the flightpathinashort defines and airspace Iranian the crossing flights from data receives Westerncountry.automatically Asian It controlling air traffic. It is theof first its kind made in a the of commander Esmaili, Khatam ul-Anbiya airdefenseunit. Farzad by attended Tehranin ceremony a in unveiled were Samet-1, and thesectorstoplay inthisdue.” greatpart be oneof forcreation youngjob the people, could transport air we wantAli Abedzadeh said: “If success in to achieve country. the in creation job passengeraging support will fleet, Iran’s renewing besides aircrafts, new the of arrival and employment in play can transport air that role more than900,000jobsshouldbecreatedperyear. Sixth (2016-2021), Plan the Development on National Five-Year based but annually opportunities job the airdefensesitesthatcollectdata. mounted onmannedorunmannedaerialvehicles. collection radarof and navigation data, can which be workingshift. forces oneach analysis andtransfer systems. to the command and control center, replacing six data transferand fromdata radar navigationand systems the needforforeign importing equipment. Aviation Organization in air traffic control and obviate This system would be used to assist the Iranian Civil and targets aerial detecting for used is Sama Baseer, Samee’, Sama, called systems, four The Iran unveils home-madeaviationequipment As Head of Iran’s Civil Aviation Organization (CAO) the underlined jobs new for need country’s The Samet-1 is also an automation system coordinating The next system, Samee’, is a mobile system for the 54 for need the annul would Baseer of Utilization monitor to ability the has Baseer, system, Another G as having the potential to increase the efficiency of efficiency the increase to potential the having as ameter. nanometer-one-billionthof of and with publishing 9 articles, the country achieved the energy andfewer raw materialstomanufacture. less require and functional more yet lighter cheaper, advocates smaller,be will nanotechnology productsthat of claim Nanotech costs. reduced significantly at be to production said manufacturing increase is massively to It able environment, problems. health the major solve clean and help consumption, energy Iran’s first researches in this field started in 2000 in started field this in researches first Iran’s inIran Nanotechnology hailed is nanotechnology describes, Aznano As n invto cnend ih building with scale the on - devices and materials - ‘things’ concerned innovation and enerally, nanotechnology is a field of research Iran achievementsIran in NANO TECHNOLOGY rank of 52 inthatyear.rank of a fieldwithhuge economicandpractical advantages. is this that showing nontechnology, the using products ISNA nanomaterials, on onTuesday.reported working which of percent on year. Iranians have had boosted in researches the field year creating lucrative markets. and life of quality improving nanoscience, about awareness public field raising nanotechnologies, in of achievements assessing policies, making of aim the with 2005, in established was headquarters h ntoa nntcnlg development nanotechnology national The These companies have manufactured 376 different 33 field, this in active companies 257 are There Recognizing the great importance of nanotechnology, IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018

43 IRAN MIRROR published by China, the United States, and India. Iran India. and States, United the byChina, published were them of Science 50% than of more while Web 2017 in (WoS) in indexed were articles related nanotechnology 154,000 than more 2018, January should beincreased,hesaid. export the years, recent during research and articles products,nanotechnology hesaid. Korea andChina,” hesaid. South like countries to nanotechnology of field the in countries inrecentyears. 44 codn t te ttao eot ulse in published report StatNano the to According Regarding the prominence of Iran in nanotechnology of worth million $35 exported already has Iran knowledge technical its exported also has “Iran IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST aoehooy rdcs o bu 50 about to products nanotechnology Initiative Council (INIC) told IRNA on Saturday. Nanotechnology Iran’s of general secretary created, is added value and decreased cost is production products, nanotechnology Saeed Sarkar said that Iran has exported Iranian of industrialization Through Iran promotes market nanotechnology 2018 NANO TECHNOLOGY ult pout n rdc ter xedtr with expenditure their reduce and product quality near future, hesaid. he announced. year,” preceding its with comparison in 2017-2018) growth during the Iranian calendar year 1396 (March and laboratory equipment. healthcare,textile,energyincluding appliances, home produce over 420 nano products in the different fields told Assadifard IRNA. Reza official INIC sanctions,” over research are in homegrown used hence equipment there of percent is 80 no over apprehension and products 19,2020. fallsonMarch calendar year 1398,which Iranian the of end the until products nanotechnology and Korea areonthenext ranks. “We help nano companies to manufacture a high a manufacture to companies nano help “We in market foreign to way its find to plans INIC The percent 100 a had has products “Nanotechnology He said that about 170 companies nanotechnology nanotechnology for machineries most “Actually sanctions andinternational Iranian nanotechnology of exports multiple to plans INIC that said He cec pouto, aoehooy rdcs and products marketing,” headded. nanotechnology production, science nanotechnology,countries inthefieldof hesaid. and Korea areonthenext ranks. Iran India. and States, United the byChina, published were them of Science 50% than of more while Web 2017 in (WoS) in indexed were articles related nanotechnology 154,000 than more 2018, January in the field in nanotechnology of recent years, he said. number International Scientificof Indexing (ISI) papers First Vice-PresidentEs’haqJahangiri saidonMonday. far, so field this in achievements severalgained has it (2003), ago time long very not established been has patient incomparisonwithsimilarmedicines. insurance companiestocover nanomedicine,” hesaid. promotions andsupports. increase the nano products market share with different he financial support,” explained. e ad ht h cucl lo re is et to best its tries also council the that said He “Hence we should do our best in development of development in best our do should we “Hence There is a small distance between Iran and advanced in published report StatNano the to According considerable a published have researchers Iranian Council Initiative Nanotechnology Iran’s Although Iran gains innanotechnology notableachievements the for economical very is price the case, this In different convince to best our do weinstance, “For NANO TECHNOLOGY countries. a fieldwithhuge economicandpractical advantages. is this that showing nontechnology, the using products workingonnanomaterials. which percent of on year. Iranians have had boosted in researches the field year creating lucrative markets. and life of quality improving nanoscience, about awareness public field raising nanotechnologies, in of achievements assessing policies, making of aim the with 2005, in established was headquarters 52inthatyear. therank of achieved country the articles, 9 publishing with and 2000 in started field this in researches first for inthecountry.”boosting nanotechnology budget allocate of and field nanotechnology the in active are who companies hs pout ae xotd o 7 different 47 to exported are products These These companies have manufactured 376 different 33 field, this in active companies 257 are There Recognizing the great importance of nanotechnology, development nanotechnology national The Iran’s that January in reported ISNA support to plans government “The IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018

45 IRAN MIRROR 46 A way, some finding business so good they have set up set have they good so business finding way,some bythis passed have great the Alexander as back far as Europeans and Indians Arabs, Africans, trade. to people wholive here. of variety the from comes difference major the but - experience Iran. tothe restof youcan’t escape , the operates fact world the Persianthe Gulf of offers a part different this which at pace droppingjust down several gearsultra-relaxed the to or Island Hormoz the at Portuguesecastle of ruins the

The history of the Persian Gulf is tied inextricably tied is Gulf Persian the of history The There is geographical contrast- its coast and islands IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST sun set over the Persian Gulf, scrambling over scrambling Gulf,Persian the over set sun Gulf Persianthe watching are Iran’s you Whether Day. National is year every 30th pril Coast andIslands Persian Gulf: 2018 TOURISM Sibbaldus musculus, fin whale Balaenoptera physalus, Balaenoptera whale fin whale musculus, Sibbaldus blue including Iran, of waters southern the in and Snapper Humphead Wrasse. Grouper, (Yanam), Grunt Grey Butterfly fish, el-arus), (misht fish Butterfly Arabian Cod, that arelocatedinthisregion. north. islands tourist the important most the are Kish and Qeshm in located is Hormozgan of province the PeninsulaArabian betweenand Iranlocated that and Ocean Indian of waterways,extension vital an and is oil-producing region major world’s the as introduced is stayed.It and shop Different species marine of mammals are observed Some fish species of the Persian Gulf are Barramundi todaythe PersianThe sensitivemost of one as Gulf od ‘u Ks i wnefl eeyhn wrs there. works everything wonderful; is Kish you’re ‘But Kish, told: about special so is what ask you when And once. than more this hear to likely you’re Iran in theLonelyPlanetwebsiteHormoz, mentioned. and Qeshm for hub transport a as it include – only we visitor foreign the offer to much have doesn’t but of and home to Iran’s busiest port known to most Iranians simply as ‘Bandar’, is the capital Persianthe Gulf,city,to entrancethe the and Hormoz these days. of ‘Port bustling Abbas’ the is short on both I, historical features and Abbas charisma Shah kings, greatest Abbas namedGenu. Bandar of northeast the in spring thermal a is There textile manufacturing, Fish processing, refining and etc. AbbasBandar cotton are role.of industries major The commercial and strategic important an plays position, located in the southern coast of Iran and because of its BandarAbbas: and etc. According to the Lonely Planet website, travelling website, Planet Lonely the to According Kish Island: of Strait the overlooking positioned Strategically Persia’s of one for named byand founded Though A port city and capital of Hormozgan Province that is TOURISM Southwest Asia, and one of the first of its kind in Iran. in kind its of first the of one and Asia, Southwest Fajr the holding SquashChampionship.International tour, annual Association’s Squash Professional the of part is Island Kish events. sporting memorable and highlights. beautiful other many and garden Town Ancient Harireh, Greek Park,ship, of Beach bird Marjan The are them of some that attractions other uncrowded place, cycling andetc. waterand peaceful a skiing,diving,in scuba relaxing beach longest as the such forleisure opportunity an offers that stretches of one has island beautiful This Abbas. Bandar of west south in zone free economic landscape, domestictouristnumbersareontherise. desert once-deserted the dominate complexes retail there’s duty-freeshopping!’ and modern are buildings the clean, are beaches The islands around Kish, parasailing, jet boat rides, cruise cruise rides, boat jet parasailing, Kish, around islands other to cruises skiffs, sea skiing,water cruises, diving courses,skiing,diving jet scuba and snorkeling as such A great array waterof sports are also on offer in Kish h Ks Krig rc i oe f h lret in largest the of one is Track Karting Kish The international numerous for location the as acts Kish some there attractions, stated these from Apart an and beaches coral with island shaped oval An and blocks apartment Hotels, booming. is Kish IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018

47 IRAN MIRROR beaches and60Bandarivillages. beaches attractive forests, mangrove diverse biologically with fringed is It Gulf. Persian the in island largest the is village, theMitra templeand etc. Kharbas town, Qeshm from west continues that road the of end the at left of village charming the island, of east north the in is which PortugueseCastle famous are pelicans, deer, snakes andscorpions. them of some that species animal and birds of types various are There Gulf. Persian the in island largest Abbaslargea the with is It coast. beautiful and rocky QeshmIsland: Volleyball Beach Asian Championship. 2006 the held Kish courts, competitions. holdinginternational of Kish Equestrian Club hosts national races and is capable jacuzzi. a suite, and fitness a with club health a lanes, windsurfing. and rides, boat banana boating, pedal boats, fishing 48 As mentioned on the Lonely Planet website,Planet Qeshm Lonely the on mentioned As the are Qeshm of attractions important most The Bandar from 22Km in island mountainous a is It volleyball standard international three has Kish bowling 16 includes Complex Bowling Maryam IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018 TOURISM have pristine natural landscape. onthehitherto might coast, island’ssouthern the on constructed being the the protect about disquiet effect to that the some country’s first is projects heavy oil refinery, there currently and in environment, involved heavily are communities Local turtles. and dolphins reptiles, birds, that have criss-crossed thePersian for centuries. Gulf largeboats lenjs,woodenthe cargo out yards boat-building turning in work and towers wind with cooled life. wayof Bandari age-old the to attached refreshingly remains it skyscrapers gleaming of full increasingly Qeshm IslandGeopark. are now protected as part of the UNESCO-recognized significant canyons, hills, caves and valleys, most of which The island has an abundance of wildlife, including wildlife, of abundance an has island The houses in live dress, traditional wear locals Here, Gulf Persian the in but zone duty-free a is Qeshm geologically features interior sun-scorched Its The Flower theEastKishIsland,Iran of I performance in Russiaperformance World Cup Kudos Team Mellifor asplendid fe te id eertos hwvr ht followed what however celebrations, wild the after disappointment and moment heartbreaking especially wasVAR,bythe called rightly of help the was hugea players. TeamMelli the of skill the and ability the highlighted defender,Barcelona the of perhaps betweenlegs the ball the slipped he after dead, for him leaving and conceding thegoal,they arerealthreats. after did they like attack, to intend teams the When was brokenonly bywhich fortress goal. a fortuitous a bastion, a is it defends, team his When them. of best and has no fear anyof team in the world including the country infootball. the World Barcelona, Champions, European and champions and Madrid the richest Real football; of land world The of Spain icons the against team young a in 1998. challenged by challenged againstLyonwin in glorious USA that only perhaps Cup,World a in displayed has team t was arguably the best performance that an Iranian The disallowed goal by Saeid Ezatolahi, which which Ezatolahi, Saeid by goal disallowed The Pique Gerard of bamboozling Amiri’s Vahid genius a is Queiroz Carlos him, hate or him Like Carlos Queiroz displayed a masterclass in coaching SPORTS have rounds. faced themintheknockout from the World Cup will be a relief to teams that might have alreadythe teamandcoach doneusproud. fans of course dearly like to see a repeat performance, biggest inWorld shocks Cuphistory. the of one off pull wouldthey like looked almost it – last few seconds of the final round of Group B matches Round 16. of the to advance and two top the in finish comfortably to expected Portugal champions European reigning and Spain winners 2010 with straightforward, be to thefanandcriticsfor longtimetocome.memories of the in linger will performance this Cup, World 2018 shame but performance, better.about theresult.Iran deserved winning a was It passion. and grit of full performance wasa It all. at shame no Spaniards, mighty the to narrowly so losing in shame no was There team. brave and young created, this boysendeared Melli Team the that chances the and One of the stingiest teams at Russia, Iran’s departure the which Portugal, versus result the to Regardless As it turned out, Iran had other ideas and – until the meant was Cup WorldFIFA 2018 the of B Group the at performance fine a Teamfor to Melli Kudos IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018

49 IRAN MIRROR 50 a in moment crowning a spot-kick Ronaldo’s on save the goals. of either stop to nothing do could dream, football his rough on the streets of Tehran as a junior while pursuing Portugal onthescoresheet. clearance. of a deflection pinging off his knee from an attempted they conceded a until fortuitous Diego Spain Costa goal, could the result neither and loss 1-0 a in stonewall teams thatremaininthetournament. of the Iberian powers may be closely examined by the 16inapoolalsofeaturingSpain andMorocco.of toughestgroups. thetournament’s through oneof grinding but all and years 20 in win Cup first World a included which achievements, their of proud hugely Ronaldo thehookfor anelbow off totheface. attack on the VAR system that he said had let Cristiano the result, teeing off at the refereeing and renewing his

But he departs with reputation enhanced, his brilliant slept who Beiranvand, Alireza goalkeeper Iran’s It took a wonder goal by Ricardo Quaresma to put the Persian through way no find could Morocco However, Iran’s ability to nullify the attacking threat the Round reaching Few of gave chance them much feel should Iran and Queirozclears, dust the Once IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST self-described “bad loser”, was incensed by fired them have into the knockout rounds would for a first time. that effort last-gasp a fans heartbroken after Mehdi Taremi missed their 2018, against June 25 Monday, draw on Portugal 1-1 attritional typically a Their Portuguese coach Carlos Queiroz, a with out bowed powerhouse Asian The 2018 SPORTS striker, Ronaldo duringaworld cup’s match Iranian goalkeeper saves aapenaltytaken by Portugal’s knockout round appearance at the World Cup, TeamCup,World the at appearance round knockout in Iran. the withstand to football playing of challenges enough economic and political strong team a build and forge a unity among players from diverse backgrounds charge. in years seven after departs Queiroz as future their Sardar Azmounwas alsoineffective. top flight was nowhere to be seen, and talented striker the grab to penalty equaliser against Portugal. a and opener their in victory secure to Morocco from goal own an took It finishing. poor and luck bad of mix a by repeatedly down let were but goals of hatful a score to chances enough get you sofar. only will application dogged and spirit team where fine tournament. next Emirates January 2019. Arab United in held be to Cup, Asian AFC national sides, Iran will turn their attention to the 2019 anew, aheadof chapter exciting one. important an of close the merely story,wonderfulbut quite a of end the signal Worldnot 2018 should Cup after someoutstandingdisplays inRussia. right own their in winners as home head still will Melli Yet, despite missing out on the prize of a first-ever a of prize the on out Yet,missing despite A master tactician, his one greatest of coups was to over uncertainty also but acclaim with leave Iran Dutch the in form dominant Jahanbakhsh’s Alireza created they game, negative a playing from Far though, end, other the down were problems Iran’s Having nowit with twothe world’smatched of best Nonetheless, the conclusion of Iran’s campaign at the in the Alborz mountain range and can be seen from seen be can and range mountain Alborz the in Iran northeast in located It’s level. sea above meters highlandterrain. kilometres of square million a over has Iran country, mountainous extremely An heights. lift top their of terms in highest than ever before, several of them among the world’s 20 skiing. of high peaks and appropriate slopes for different types with mountains numerous has country The East. Middle slowly grabbing attentionintheskiingworld. are alps Iranian the of terrain palpitating heart and season anddependablesnow conditions and a beautiful backdrop whilst doing so. It has a long inhistory. theworldrich explore of apart crowded, and a ski holiday is a great launching pad to verysnow, not of lots mountains, Great Iran. in skiing question asked when the topic comes up. There is great The highest peak of Iran is Damavand with 5,671 with Damavand is Iran of peak highest The now more – areas ski 25 least at has Iran Indeed the in opportunities skiing best the offers Iran conditions snow perfect altitude, breathtaking The skiing fantastic offers Iran of Republic Islamic The first the usually is This – Iran?” in skiing there “Is SPORTS ece te o ad eea lfs Tee r also are There lifts. several and top the that reaches lift chair a with each slopes, main two includes resort The level. sea above meters 3,050 to meters andbecameoperationalafter in1958. Iran in area ski largest second the is It mountain range. Alborz the in Tehran northeast in situated stay therelonger. cottages and restaurants at Dizin for those who wish to ski in resorts the world. There are several villas, hotels, high 40 the of one it making level, sea above meters forski runs beginnersandprofessional skiers. different has it that is advantages its of One region. foreigners. Darbandsar are skiing sites well known to Iranians and of possibilities also Dizin, Tochal,skiing at different ski run. and are there Tehran, to close and almost all year round. Along the same mountain range Tehraninside thecityof onsunny days. The slopes of Shemshak lie at an altitude of 2,550 of altitude an at lie Shemshak of slopes The also is Resort Ski Shemshak Resort Ski Shemshak 600 3 of altitude an to you take will lift ski The the in resort skiing largest the is Resort Ski Dizin volcano dormant this of top on snow find will You IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018

51 IRAN MIRROR also have skiresorts. Hamedan and Mt. Zardkouh near Shahr-e-Kord, which in Alvand Mt. like Iran of parts other in skiing for opt also Youcan Europe. of resorts the than May,longer to December from ski can you Dizin, At Ardebil. near meters above 3,200 sea of level, it altitude is an located 24 With km Dizin. from Sarein, after Iran in resort so thatyou canskiatbothplaces. Tehran in stay your during Dizin with Tochal combine can You accommodation. well-equipped a in stay to wantingskiers for peak the at built been recently hotel has modern A Tehran. in district Velenjak of north the from starts that car cable by possible is location the to Access East. Middle the in loveskiing who those for conditions ideal offers Tehran.It northern in level sea above meters 3,964 of altitude an at has which from Darband-Sar skiresort. km 5 and Dizin of parking middle-slope from abnsr ilg aot 0 ie nrhws of north-west miles 40 at about Seechal, Village Mount Darbandsar of slopes the on located is that 52 Darbandsar is a relatively small private resort resort private small relatively a is Darbandsar Other ski resorts Alvares is the second standard ski Resort Ski Tochal the is Resort Ski famous Another IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST after a 55-minute drive from Tehran,km fromdrive 10 55-minute a after mogul are runs. Shemshak can be easily reached runs the of many and steep quite are drawn slopes has The skiers. advanced Dizin and beginners while skiers advanced lighting facilitiesfor nightskiing. hs eot a lrey aee t more to catered largely has resort This 2018 SPORTS a local company, you will be able to enjoy this sport sport this enjoy to able be will company,you local a via arrival your before everything for arrange you and right is season the If skiing. wild go to world the meters onZagros, Alborzandothermountainranges. 3,000 than higher peaks several are There skiing. of Mountains in Iran have got huge potentials for the fans skiing Wild concerned. is East Middle in skiing as far ski-wears like snowboards, cross-country skis, etc. can find stalls that rent all types ski of equipments and you pistes, ski the to close Usually, Iran. in here them crowded, theskiseason! even duringthepeakof not is resort the better,Even bottom. the at station also and gondola the of top good the a at cafes has of It selection region. same the in Shemshak resort after challenging most second the and city capital off-piste and on skiing andsnowboarding. for slopes good some offers and relatively new gondola has been installed in the resort A Mountains. Elborz the in Tehran of city capital the but alsoby inIran. theskicommunity ideal welcome an not just on the Mountain Heaven is escorted tour It be will who culture.children, and women men, for destination and food outstanding with there. Many professional skiers come to Iran from across from Iran to come skiers professional Many as resort best the got has Iran importantly, More rent or gears ski own your bring to you to up It’s the near resorts ski major seven the of one is It Iran is a very safe, beautiful and friendly country friendly and beautiful safe, very a is Iran took part at Nairobi National Museums of Kenya atNairobitook part National Museumsof on12thMay 2018. Countries the 12 than in more participated of Councils Iran Cultural of where festival Republic Cultural Islamic International Nairobi the of Embassy the of Council Cultural The THE 6THNAIROBI INTERNATIONAL CULTURAL PICTORIAL FESTIVAL IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018

53 IRAN MIRROR 54 IRAN MIRROR IRAN MIRROR AUGUST 2018