ANNUAL REPORT 2018 East AFRICA & great lakes 2018 KEY HIGHLIGHTS

Beneficiaries assisted together various regional initiatives engaged in data • In 2018, Danish Refugee Council (DRC) and Danish collection, research, analysis and policy development on Demining Group (DDG) assisted more than 1,796,623 mixed migration issues providing a new global network beneficiaries (refugees, IDPs and host communities) of mixed migration expertise. The re-branding process through our sectors of expertise including emergency also led to the launch of a new global MMC website response assistance, solutions programming and activities http://www.mixedmigration.org/, which provides quality aimed at addressing root causes. DRC/DDG strives information and analysis to improve decision-making for quality while reaching as many people as possible for people on the move through East Africa and Yemen, integrating our activities across sectors, keeping our work as well as for host governments, donors, academia, grounded on humanitarian principles, and ensuring that researchers and humanitarian organizations who are protection is at the centre of our efforts to reach those interested in mixed migration. most in need. DRC Dynamics Regional presence expansion • A gradual roll out and implementation of a new Enterprise • Given the increased complexity and scale of crises in the Resource Planning (ERP) system, called DRC Dynamics, region, DRC’s commitment to provide direct assistance to that supports the management and oversight of Finance, conflict affected populations in the region remains key. In Grants, Supply Chain, Human Resources and Customer 2018, DRC successfully registered and set up a new office Relationship Management (CRM) began in 2018. DRC in Burundi. In October, Tanzania became a standalone Dynamics is a cloud based system that will increase country operation following the growth of its portfolio efficiency and transparency within the different areas of programs, expansion of the donor base, and robust of work, leading to freeing resources for other strategic structure. purposes. Change of name Secretary General Visit to the EAGL region • We are very excited to announce that Danish Refugee • Secretary-General Christian Friis Bach visited Somalia Council East Africa and Yemen region was renamed and Kenya where he met with various stakeholders as the Danish Refugee Council East Africa and Great including donors, government ministers, local leaders Lakes region. The change of name is a reflection of our as well as beneficiaries of DRC programs. During his expansion into the Great Lakes including both Burundi and visit, he reiterated the need for increased support and the Democratic Republic of Congo. innovative programming in order to address the massive humanitarian needs that are considered some of the Transition of RMMS to MMC and launch of their new platform/ world’s worst crises. website • The Regional Mixed Migration Secretariat (RMMS) transitioned into the global Mixed Migration Centre (MMC) established in February 2018. Led by DRC, MMC brings

Editor-in-Chief: Karin Sorensen and Heather Amstutz Editors: Maureen Wangari Design and layout by: Rose Mutisya | [email protected] Published: June 2019 Front cover: Children playing in an idp settlement in somalia. DRC/Tobin Jones Back cover: A sample gun lock that the Danish Demining Group (DDG) is distributing to residents of Gardo, Somalia as part of the Fire Arm Safety Education. Axel Fassio / DRC © Danish Refugee Council/Danish Demining Group East Africa and Great Lakes CONTENTS

01 ACRONYMS 03 FOREWORD 04 DRC/DDG OFFICE LOCATION MAP 2018 05 2018 REGIONAL REFLECTIONS 08 EMERGENCY RESPONSE 12 SOLUTIONS TO DISPLACEMENT 14 ROOT CAUSES TO DISPLACEMENT 17 MONITORING AND EVALUATION 21 FUNDING AND FACTS 25 DRC ENGAGEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL POLICY AND ADVOCACY FORUMS IN 2018

DANISH REFUGEE COUNCIL/DANISH DEMINING GROUP The Danish Refugee Council (DRC) is a humanitarian, non-governmental, non-profit organisation founded in 1956 that works in more than 40 countries throughout the world. DRC fulfils its mandate by providing direct assistance to conflict-affected populations- refugees, internally displaced people (IDPs) and host communities in the conflict areas of the world and by advocating on their behalf internationally and in Denmark. The assistance provided by DRC is based on humanitarian principles and the Human Rights Declaration. In Denmark, DRC assists refugees in all aspects of asylum procedures as well as integration procedures. Internationally, DRC actively participates in supporting the protection of refugees, and promoting durable solutions for conflict affected populations. The Danish Demining Group (DDG) is a specialized business unit within DRC whose mission is to recreate a safe environment where people can live without the threat of landmines, unexploded ordnance and small arms and light weapons. DDG’s first presence in the region was a Humanitarian Mine Action programme in Somaliland in 1999. DDG began working on the wider problems of armed violence in 2008, having seen the threats posed by unregulated small arms and light weapons and explosive remnants of war. The unit now provides the technical lead in the region on conflict-related issues. ACRONYMS

AMISOM - African Union Mission in Somalia MEAL - Monitoring Evaluation Accountability and Learning APCOF - African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum MMC - Mixed Migration Centre AVR - Armed Violence Reduction MRE - Mine Risk Education CCCM - Camp Coordination and Camp NFI - Non-food Items Management PMU - Project Management Unit CEFORD - Community Empowerment for Rural ReDSS - Regional Durable Solutions Development Secretariat CIBS - Collaboration for Improved Border RMMS - Regional Mixed Migration Security and Management Secretariat CM - Conflict Management RR - Real Relief CPDC - Community Police Dialogue and 3Rs - Return, (Re) integration and Cooperation Resilience DTM - Displacement Monitoring Matrix SAS - Solutions Alliance Somalia EAY - East Africa and Yemen SGBV - Sexual and Gender Based Violence ECHO - European Civil Protection and SLAN - Somalia Legal Aid Network Humanitarian Aid Operations SMEs - Small Micro Enterprises EIDACS - Enhancing Integration of Displacement Affected Communities in Somalia SNC - Somalia NGO Consortium EPRDF - Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary SNNP - Southern Nations Nationalities Democratic Front Region and Peoples Region EU - European Union SPRS-NU- Support Program to Refugee Settlements and Host Communities in EUTF - European Union Emergency Trust Fund Northern Uganda FSNAU - Food Security and Nutrition Analysis UNOCHA - United Nations Office for the HC/RC - Humanitarian Coordinator/Resident Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Coordinator UNHCR - United Nations High Commissioner for HCT - Humanitarian Country Team Refugees IAWG - Inter-Agency Working Group USAID - United States Agency for International Development IOM - International Organization for Migration UXO - Unexploded ordnance IPC - Integrated Food Security Phase WASH - Water Sanitation and Hygiene Classification WOCCA - Women and Child Care IGAD - Inter-governmental Authority on Organization Development WFP - World Food Program IDPs - Internally Displaced Persons LSHTM - London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine

1 | DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 A small boy in Kabasa IDP settlement, Baidoa where DRC has established 2 market sites in order for local people to be able able to sell and trade goods. Axel Fassio / DRC

DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 2 FOREWORD

I am pleased to share the 2018 Annual report for the Danish Refugee Council’s East Africa and Great Lakes region.

This annual report charts a year where DRC/DDG continued on efforts to assist people of concern in a region affected by conflict, displacement and the effects of climate change. While the annual report cannot describe all that we do, it documents the determination of DRC staff working in difficult places to serve vulnerable and displacement effected populations across the East Africa and Great Lakes region.

From a humanitarian perspective, 2018 was a challenging year. In Somalia, food shortages from drought and floods combined, lead to a situation where more than 1.5 million people faced crisis (IPC 3) levels of acute food insecurity. In Ethiopia inter-communal tensions over land and resources in West Guji (in the Oromia region), Gedeo (in the SNNP region) left 1.4 million displaced. Additionally, violence in Somali Region’s Dawa Zone, displaced up to 150,000 people including in and around Moyale town and destroyed civilian infrastructure. Burundi refugees in Tanzania began to return to Burundi with pressure for increased returns rising from both the Burundi and Tanzania governments, though many refugees remain reluctant. Migrants travelled from Djibouti to Yemen, despite the ongoing conflict in Yemen, risking their lives during the sea journey and also high levels of protection risks along the way. The return of Ebola in Eastern Congo exacerbated the effects of conflict and natural disasters due to weakened healthcare systems. While the world watched to see if the DR Congo would achieve a first peaceful transfer of democratic power and whether the fledgling peace deal in South Sudan will hold, both situations carry major implications for millions of people in need of assistance.

However, the region saw some positive developments as well. The Government of Uganda and UNHCR conducted a massive identity verification exercise where close to 1.1 million refugees were verified and biometrically enrolled. The exercise was done to pave the way for more focused and targeted assistance, based on reliable data. DRC also began the Durable Solutions Programme in Somalia, developing conducive environment for both communities in areas of return and for refugees voluntarily returning to Somalia.

Bearing the regional context in mind, DRC’s humanitarian assistance reached over 1.7 million beneficiaries with integrated emergency response, solutions for protracted displacements and addressing root causes of displacements through community driven resilience, safety and conflict reduction programming.

DRC expanded its presence in the Great Lakes region by establishing an office in Bujumbura, Burundi and the countries of South Sudan and the DR Congo were integrated into the EAGL region. This development opened up new opportunities for strengthening cross- border approaches and analysis.

Moving forward, DRC will continue to work with partners across the humanitarian-development-peace nexus, including the private sector, diaspora, non-traditional donors, regional organisations and expand engagement with the private sector even as we continue to increase the efficiency, relevance and impact of our programmes.

I sincerely thank all DRC staff members for their dedication and work throughout this year, along with our donors and partners for their continued collaboration and support that allows DRC to continue to deliver appropriate, timely and effective response for the needs of the most vulnerable people in the region.

Heather Amstutz Ferrao Regional Director, East Africa and Great Lakes

3 | DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 DRC/DDG OFFICES 2018 MAP

DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 4 2018 REGIONAL REFLECTIONS

Driven by a combination of conflict, Global Refugee and Migrants sectors of health, water, environment cyclic climatic and humanitarian shocks, Compacts in the EAGL region and livelihoods. In Somalia, important underpinned by poor governance, food steps have taken place such as the insecurity, environmental degradation On 17th December, 2018, the United creation of Durable Solutions units and poverty, the displacement of people Nations General Assembly affirmed the at Federal level within the Ministry of in the East Africa and Great Lakes Global Compact on Refugees which Planning, Investment and Economic region is consistently high, protracted seeks to strengthen the international Development (MoPIED) and at states and dynamic. At the end of 2018, East response to large movements of refugees level, such as within the Banadir Regional Africa was home to over half of Africa’s and protracted refugee situations, and Administration (BRA). internally displaced persons (IDPs) with to better define cooperation to share DRC has played a critical role in leading over 13 million people displaced in the responsibilities. The Comprehensive INGO engagement both at the regional region. Somalia and South Sudan are Refugee Response Framework (CRRF), level and in the various country offices among the ten worst affected countries which operationalizes the Global engaging with the CRRF secretariats and recording a rise in the number of new Compact, has been rolled out in Djibouti, with UNHCR around composition of the displacements linked to conflict and Ethiopia, Uganda, and most recently CRRF structures. DRC has also identified violence. Although most have been Kenya. The IGAD Plan of Action for sustainable response strategies and lead displaced for years, few refugees in the Durable Solutions for Somali Refugees the development of an accountability region have durable solutions prospects - is considered as an ‘application’ of framework to monitor the CRRF returning to their home, being integrated the CRRF for the Somali situation. The implementation in the region. into their host communities or settling CRRF processes in the region have elsewhere. The scale and persistent presented a unique opportunity to work Democratic Republic of Congo nature of displacement in the region – at following a ‘whole of society approach’ (DR Congo) a time of high levels of global attention bringing together displacement affected to migration and receiving refugees – communities, authorities, humanitarian, In DR Congo, conflict escalated in Ituri has pushed the issue of addressing development and peace building province and continued in North Kivu, displacement up national, regional and actors, and private sector. The different South Kivu and Kasai region in the first global agendas. roll out of the CRRF approach in the half of the year. As of August, there were region is also contributing to positive an estimated high figure of 4.5 million Record high numbers of changes with a stronger focus on IDPs in DR Congo. Provisional estimates Internally Displaced in Ethiopia self-reliance and resilience, integrated show that there were at least 946,000 refugee-host community programming, new displacements between January to The number of new displacements in engagement of development actors June, compared to 997,000 during the Ethiopia increased rapidly in the first and finally a commitment to support same period in 2017. In the previously half of 2018 to 1,391,000. Most were stronger participation of refugees and peaceful province of Ituri, intercommunal associated with the outbreak of new host communities in programing and violence escalated significantly intercommunal conflict that displaced policy processes. At national levels, there between December 2017 and early more than one million people in West have been significant developments 2018, triggering around 343,000 new Guji and Gedeo, along the border occurring including initiatives to displacements between January and between Oromia and Southern Nations improve prospects for local integration March alone. In North and South Kivu, Nationalities and Peoples Region’s for long-term refugees; efforts to militia activities and clashes between (SNNPR) in April and June 20i8. While establish alternatives to camps; and the armed groups continued, leading to the exact causes remain unclear, inclusion of displacement and durable significant displacement. In Bijombo disputes over borders and the allocation solutions in national development plans. town in South Kivu, inter-communal of pasture and water resources are Ethiopia for example, recently passed conflict between various ethnic groups likely to have contributed to the sudden a Refugee Proclamation that will allow over access to land and water spiralled escalation of violence. Inter-ethnic refugees greater access to education, into wider conflict involving local militia conflict and violence continued to lead documentation, services, and socio- groups. Intercommunal violence that to large scale displacement in Ethiopia economic opportunities. In Uganda, the began in Kasai in mid-2016 also with approximately 2.35 million people Education Response Plan represents continued with regular outbreaks, but internally displaced due to the violence, a huge policy step forward for refugee the number of people displaced was out of the 2.9 million IDPs in the country. education globally. It paves way for lower than reported in 2017. People also integrated service delivery planning which began to return to their areas of origin in has informed forthcoming plans in the the first half of the year, but the scale of

5 | DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 2018 REGIONAL REFLECTIONS

destruction means that many remain in the whole of 2017. Forced evictions are urgent need of humanitarian assistance. linked to widespread tenure insecurity, disputes over land ownership and the South Sudan reclaiming of state property, particularly in Despite ongoing peace treaty urban areas. They usually occur without negotiations, violence was undiminished notice, and often involve violence and in South Sudan in the first half of 2018 as the destruction of housing. Most of the the country’s conflict entered its fifth year. people displaced were IDPs living in The conflict is multifaceted, and includes temporary housing in the Kaxda and clashes and raids by armed groups, Dayniile districts of Banadir region. intercommunal violence and fighting Conflict escalated in Somaliland and over land and livestock. The number of Puntland, particularly in the disputed new internal displacements represents a areas of Sool and Sanaag regions. significant rise from the 163,000 reported Clashes near Tukaraq in Sool caused during the same period last year, in part about 10,000 new displacements in the result of changes in data collection May. In south-eastern Somalia, clashes methods that yielded more detail on between Al Shabaab and government the impact of individual events. More forces and the African Union Mission than 47,000 new displacements were to Somalia (AMISOM) also continued recorded in Unity state, where clashes in to cause new displacements. About Leer county in May were accompanied 49,000 displacements were reported in by indiscriminate killings, sexual violence, Lower Shabelle region, with most people the burning of homes and looting. In seeking refuge in displacement camps in Jonglei state, there were more than Mogadishu. 40,000 new displacements as a result of cattle raids and intercommunal clashes, which peaked in January and April in Pibor, Akobo, Nyirol and Uror counties. In Central Equatoria state, clashes around Yei town displaced nearly 38,000 people. Repeated clashes between armed groups in Western Equatoria state led to more than 18,000 new displacements in April and May, and further displacement associated with conflict was also reported in Western Bahr el Ghazal state, Upper Nile and Lakes states. Five years of conflict and displacement have devastated local economies and contributed to repeated failed harvests, because people have been unable to access their fields at crucial times during the agricultural cycle. 6 million people are currently food insecure. Somalia Conflict in Somalia continued in the first half of 2018, escalating in some areas, and the number of forced evictions rose sharply. There were about 191,000 forced evictions in the first six months of the year, compared with 166,000 during

DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 6 A refugee woman empowered through the livelihood programme training in Nairobi, Kenya to acquire new skills and increase her income and self-reliance. Photo: Klaus Bo / DRC 7 | DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 EMERGENCY RESPONSE 2018 in Review: Complex Humanitarian Crises

Protracted Conflict, Economic The humanitarian impact is fractured warring parties in September and Political Dynamics and multifaceted and significant and 2018, several clashes took place Climatic Shocks still demand for preparedness throughout Unity State. Although violent conflict has decreased since the signing Armed conflict and inter-communal/social and emergency interventions. of the peace agreement, Unity State as related conflicts characterize most of Nearly 640,000 people have sought well as other parts of the country still the operational contexts of DRC/DDG in protection in neighbouring countries remain largely insecure. Intercommunal the East Africa and Great Lakes region; since the start of 2017, bringing the fighting, deadly armed robberies, and competition over limited resources and number of refugees and asylum seekers armed attacks on the civilian population, overstretched access to social services in the Horn of Africa region to 4.4 million. and on non-governmental organizations bring other dimensions to intra and inter The majority of new refugees and asylum (NGO), continue to prompt population conflict at the community level. Election- seekers are from South Sudan - the displacement, exacerbate humanitarian related conflict also remains a possible fastest growing refugee crisis globally. needs and impede the delivery of life- alert especially in some of these already Currently, 2,268,511 million South saving assistance throughout the country. socio-economic fragile countries (Burundi Sudanese refugees reside in neighboring However, following the peace agreement, and DR Congo). countries. In Somalia only, IDPs stand at a cautious positive change in intentions of IDPs living in settlements and among Persistent climate shocks compound the a record 2.6 million and the number of refugees residing outside of South humanitarian and protection situation in forced eviction is on the rise with over Sudan, has been observed. the region. Late rainfall in May in Ethiopia, 204,000 people evicted in 2018 alone. Kenya and Somalia was insufficient to The number of IDPs increased to 2.6 million in Ethiopia and close to 960,000 Tanzania: DRC continues to provide compensate for the delayed start of the emergency and protection assistance rainy season, resulting in reductions in people remain displaced in Ethiopia’s Gedeo Zone. to Burundian refugees in Mtendeli planting and wilting of crops currently and Nduta camps. With the voluntary being harvested. The damage to crops Humanitarian space continues to be repatriation process to Burundi now in in Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia season constrained across the region due to its third phase, population has slightly is irreversible. Furthermore, high prices insecurity and bureaucratic impediments, decreased, though access to services of cereals and low livestock prices especially in DR Congo, Somalia, South and protection (including information on deteriorated the terms of trade for Sudan and Burundi. As of August 2018, the areas of repatriation in Burundi) still pastoralists, severely constraining access there were about 52 major incidents represent a challenge for people and to food, exacerbating food insecurity and of violence against aid workers in organizations working in the camps. malnutrition across the region.1 South Sudan which is ranked the most DRC has reached 164,821 people in dangerous place for humanitarian aid 2018 (Nduta: 119,358 and Mtendeli: The East Africa and Great Lakes region is workers for the third consecutive year. 45,463 - 49% female, 51% male) with also battling outbreaks of communicable comprehensive emergency responses, diseases. The DR Congo is facing an Multiple escalations South Sudan: including general food distribution, Ebola outbreak and its worst cholera in the conflict in South Sudan since its CCCM, emergency livelihoods, WASH epidemic in 15 years; cholera cases have outbreak in 2013 have caused more than and protection, including assisting in the also been reported in Burundi, Tanzania four million people to flee their homes. community mobilization and sensitization and Uganda. A high malaria burden— Over half of the displaced fled into on voluntary repatriation. Support to especially in Burundi—is expected to neighbouring countries, namely, Sudan, parts of the host community has also worsen during rainy seasons in the Uganda, Ethiopia, Kenya, the DR Congo been part of the emergency response region.2 and the Central African Republic. approach. However, 1.9 million people are estimated to be displaced within South Sudan’s Uganda: Currently the largest refugees hosting country in the EAGL region, 1 Regional Outlook for the Horn of Africa: https://hornofafrica. borders. Most (nearly 90 per cent) live unocha.org/ within host communities, rather than Uganda has 1,190,922 refugees of which 2 Regional Humanitarian Outlook for the Great Lakes: January 66% are from South Sudan (789,099 - June 2018 - https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-repub- displacement sites. Following the signing lic-congo/regional-humanitarian-outlook-great-lakes-janu- of the Peace Agreement between the individuals) and 26.3% from DR Congo ary-june-2018

DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 8 RESPONSE TO EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

(312,699 individuals). bureaucratic demands when operating factors (531,001 IDPs) and other factors in country. The presence of almost DRC remains the major operational (72,068 IDPs) in various locations 160,000 IDPs and repatriated people partner for the refugee settlements in the country in 2018. In 2019, the from Tanzania is placing a high demand with recognised emergency capacities prospect is that more displacements on available resources. DRC has just that greatly supported the 2018 are likely to occur on a larger scale as recently opened a mission in Burundi and influx of refugees and asylum seekers the political change takes ground and a protection sector co-coordinator has from Eastern Congo. The number been deployed to strengthen protection as the continued Ethiopian People’s of Congolese crossing the border to in the response. Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) Uganda was steady and significant internal power struggle will likely continue throughout 2018, with more than 3,000 Somalia: Drought and conflict caused to have violent flashpoints across the people crossing the border per week over 341,000 new displacements country. since late October 2018. The situation in 2018 thus DRC increased its demanded DRC teams in Kyaka to programming by over 45% to meet DRC Ethiopia provided emergency rapidly scale up the shelter, protection, the urgent humanitarian need. DRC response support to refugees, drought distribution and management of the provided 200,423 individuals (103,775 and conflict displaced populations. reception centre within a very short time female and 96,648 male), IDPs and host Refugee arrivals into Gambella in 2018 frame. In fact, until December 2017, communities with unconditional cash stood at 33,389 new South Sudanese there was very little attention on Kyaka transfers to ensure household survival refugees (18,030 females and 15,359 II and the estimated 27,000 to 30,000 in the face of extreme drought. With the refugees from Kyaka II were considered high numbers of IDPs in 2018, protection male) supported by DRC with various a protracted refugee population, well continued to be a serious concern. DRC services. In the Oromia region, 17,624 established in Uganda and largely self- Somalia worked to provide protection individuals (8,492 females and 9,132 reliant, benefiting from large areas of monitoring, SGBV prevention and male) in West Guji zone were reached fertile land. As of late 2017, refugees case management, child protection with vital protection services. fleeing violence in the Kivus and Ituri as and working with partners to improve a result of political conflicts between targeting reaching 27,451 individuals government forces and a group of (14,219 females/13,231 males). militias known as Mai-Mai very rapidly doubled and tripled the population in DRC continued to respond to drought Kyaka. These clashes lead to widespread and conflict displaced populations in insecurity and criminality, extortion, the Somali Region providing vital WASH looting, human rights violations, killings, and protection services. Life-sustaining kidnappings and forced recruitment. WASH services reached 102,761 individuals (90, 795 female/44,652 male) DRC/DDG in Uganda managed to in Somalia. support a total of 388,000 individuals by providing essential lifesaving activities Ethiopia: Throughout 2018, Ethiopia and responses to key essential needs continued to represent the fastest throughout 2018. growing displacement crisis in the world with more than 2 million people internally Burundi: The current political, economic and social context leads to a displaced. Inter-communal violence further deterioration of the humanitarian and conflicts flashing from the ongoing needs, in a context of extreme and political rearrangement and unaddressed chronic vulnerability levels and very fragile local grievances continued to generate public services incapable to absorb the violence and human displacement needs of the Burundi population and the on a massive scale. According to repatriated people from Tanzania. DTM (September-November 2018), Additionally, humanitarian access is a conflict was still the primary driver of challenge and the Government has weak displacement (1,472,209 IDPs), followed capacity leading INGOs to face significant by displacement due to climate induced

9 | DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 STORIES FROM THE FIELD

Emergency Response to displaced Notably, the adoption of a community based West Guji to allow beneficiary flexibility in population in Moyale, Kenya psychosocial intervention strengthened meeting basic needs. A Financial Service the prevention components of SGBV Provider was selected to support direct related activities, and attracted - in a less cash distributions as electronic options were The Moyale displacement crisis occurred stigmatizing way- more people towards limited. Beneficiaries targeted by the cash in the midst of a political crisis in Ethiopia. psychosocial support and essential medical distribution scheme were IDPs who suffered In September 2017, tensions escalated services. The Moyale crisis response depletion or loss of primary assets, were at between the Oromo and Somali ethnic supported 2,424 people (1,802 female and high levels of socio-economic vulnerability, groups along the border of the Oromia and 622 male). and those exposed to protection risks as a Somali regions, which led to casualties result of adopting negative coping strategies. and largescale displacement. Although the The power of advocacy: Unfreezing Ethiopian Government since January 2018 the Cash Based Intervention in During the beneficiary registration has taken reconciliatory steps, such as the West Guji Zone, Ethiopia process, however, a freeze on assistance release of over 6,000 political prisoners, it implemented by the local authorities declared a six-month state of emergency on The year 2017 marked the onset of massive was announced, due to lack of coherent 16 February 2018. The decision to enforce human displacement in Ethiopia. The country perspectives on cash based interventions a state of emergency sparked protests, began to experience human displacement across board. In late August 2018, West Guji mainly in Oromia region and Addis Ababa. at an unprecedented scale with the number zone authorities, informed all humanitarian In March 2018, following security operations reaching a record of 1.4 million internally partners that all cash-based interventions in Moyale, Ethiopia, 10,000 people fled to displaced people in the first half of 2018. should cease immediately in West Guji, due Moyale in Marsabit County, Kenya. Major conflict induced displacements in to targeting and protection issues emerging 2017 mainly occurred along the Oromia during the cash distributions. Since then, population movements have and Somali regional state border, with the been very dynamic across the borders displaced persons dispersed across wide Faced with the dilemma, DRC’s advocacy and within the Kenya territory. Response geographical area on both sides. This was strategy primarily focused on two was guided by a sense of solidarity of followed by two massive waves of conflict elements: Persistently communicating communities and local authorities towards induced displacement caused by inter the dire humanitarian needs and gaps in the displaced population as being part of communal violence in April 2018 and June responses in DRC’s targeted area and the same community – mainly the Oromo 2018 along the border areas of Gedeo juxtaposing the different perceptions that people. The Borana-Oromo community and West Guji zones of South Nations authorities at different levels had on cash extended itself along the Ethiopia and Nationalities and Peoples Regional State interventions. DRC highlighted the dire Kenya border and shared the same pastoral and Oromia Regional State respectively. The needs of the beneficiaries and advocated activities, building family bonds along the violence displaced 1 million people in Gedeo for urgent humanitarian assistance. DRC’s borderlines. UNHCR and other agencies and Guji. targeted area, moreover, was among the supported this process soon after people locations that received less attention for crossed into Kenya to provide emergency In response to the crisis, DRC opened a field emergency responses despite the high needs response. office in Bule Hora town of West Guji Zone, figures of displacements. Consequently, DRC Oromia regional State. Based on findings presented valuable evidence that showed DRC has been operational in the Moyale from preliminary assessments and lessons a participatory approach during the entire crisis since the initial population movement from other contexts, DRC used a flexible, process with IDPs and local authorities fully into Kenya. Emergency activities have contextually-adapted and evidence-based engaged and consulted during the cash been well coordinated with UNHCR, approach to design our response. This feasibility assessment and analysis. Taking local counterparts and other operational was followed by a comprehensive context the Woreda Officials’ positive perspective partners; with a focus on protection. DRC assessment carried out to determine the toward cash assistance as an entry point, deployed a team to manage the ongoing most appropriate assistance modality, DRC kept advocating with officials at this shelter, wash and distribution activities by specifically to consider the potential of level to support the organization in liaising incorporating key SGBV prevention and utilizing cash-based programming. This is towards the concerned higher government response activities; life-saving information, in line with DRC’s strategic preference to body to lift the ban. counselling, awareness sessions on SGBV utilize multi-purpose grants where cash prevention and distribution of 1,500 hygiene distribution is feasible and market systems The combination of the aforementioned kits, solar lanterns. These items were crucial allow. The assessment was conducted in approaches, complemented with community to mitigate SGBV related risks posed by Gelana Woreda of West Guji Zone, where based participatory field exercises and improvised settlements. Lanterns were the violence occurred, hosting a significant persistence in advocacy finally yielded also distributed to the newly developed number of IDPs. positive results and in November 2018, DRC asylum seekers community safety groups resumed cash-based interventions in West who conduct patrols in the night to prevent Based on findings from the assessment, Guji following a formal authorization by the physical violence, assault and harassment, DRC prioritized the provision of multi- relevant authorities. A successful verification as well as to prevent acts of vandalism. DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 10 purpose cash grants to the beneficiaries in exercise was conducted and distribution of cash to the beneficiaries went on smoothly. The Ali Addeh and Holl Holl IDP camps in Djibouti. Photo: Klaus Bo/DRC 11 | DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 SOLUTIONS TO DISPLACEMENT IN SOMALIA Promoting Durable Solutions through Integrated Return, Reintegration and Resilience Support to Displacemnet-Affected Populations.

The launch of DRC’s global 2020 strategy remains relevant and renews focus on solutions programming in the EAGL region. Identifying durable solutions with the high numbers of IDPs is a challenge due to existing policies within the various countries of operation. However, DRC continues to invest in strategies supporting durable solutions through protection including community safety and conflict assessment and management; and livelihood/resilience and access to basic services, WASH and shelter combined with cash interventions linked to social safety nets where possible and appropriate.

Durable Solutions Programming on the Community-Police Dialogue and Strengthening the government’s capacity Cooperation forums (CPDC) in Baidoa, to undertake solutions programing, through The solutions programme builds on Dollow & Kismayo were conducted which the relevant ministries is one. In addition, the successes and lessons learned saw 270 participants attend. real time data on area- based security, from earlier programmes to facilitate social and economic conditions have to be In order to achieve successful (re) successful reintegration of returnee and streamlined and shared with policy makers. IDP communities in Somalia by ensuring integration, community mobilization and physical, material and legal safety is workshops have been conducted by DRC will also impart Business Development achieved through a combination of the program to ensure that women and Skills for the women and youth to run protection, livelihoods and basic needs children are protected from violence and WASH related businesses. programming. The programme also has abuse. In this regard, Gender Based emphasis on governance, referral systems Violence prevention and response reached and a strong knowledge management and 280 participants (84 male and 196 female). research component. The program also focussed on land disputes and settlement to ensure peaceful Interventions focus on the Southern resettlements. In Baidoa, the program Central region of Somalia, in the localities trained 20 stakeholders which included of Kismayo in Jubbaland state, Mogadishu, displaced communities, local leaders and Dollow and Baidoa in South West State. other key partners. 181,280 people are expected to benefit both directly and indirectly through the Access to shelter, safe drinking water, programme. Amongst these beneficiaries sanitation and hygiene is a key feature are 52,800 refugees, 105, 600 IDPs and of this program. Through engagements 17,600 from host communities. In order with government, the program developed to achieve successful (re) integration of a design strategy which informed the beneficiaries, DRC has adopted a strategy construction of a shelter connection of 700 that combines protection of livelihoods households in Mogadishu with water and and basic needs coupled with emphasis construction of 100 latrines in Dayniile and on governance and strong knowledge Kahda IDP camps. management. In Kismayo, DRC is supporting a private In line with the National Development company in laying water infrastructure with Plan, CRRF, and with the IGAD-led Nairobi a small percentage of the CAPEX (Capital Plan of Action, focused specifically on the Expenditure). On the other hand, the Somali displacement, the program utilizes regional government of Jubbaland through a community and rights-based approach to the Ministry of water, energy and natural achieve identified outcomes. resources is gaining from capacity building sessions. The model for water service Considering that the program started in provision will develop a Private-Private 2018, a number of achievements have Partnerships (PPP) where Jubba water so far been noticeable. 60 Guurtis and will partner with women and youth groups Peace Committees members on conflict in IDP settlements as well as low income prevention, management and resolution areas to establish water kiosks as small in Dollow and Mogadishu were trained. micro enterprises (SMEs). In addition, the program conducted four community entry meetings in the four target Despite the achievements made in 2018, locations where 200 people attended the there is still plenty to be undertaken in sessions. A further 6 preparatory meetings the remaining years of the program.

DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 12 BORESHA (Building Opportunities for Resilience in the Horn of Africa)- Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia

In 2018, the BORESHA Consortium consists of four agencies in three In 2018, a joint Rapid Needs Assessment marked the first year of the cross border countries with diverse systems and was conducted in Mandera West and programme. It has been a serious methods of operations which were Banissa sub-counties to shed light on undertaking laying the foundation of the successfully managed. This has the displacement situation steered by programme, building up coordinated created a common ground for unified inter-ethnic violence in Ethiopia’s Somali multi-sector and agency technical collaboration in order to execute the region. An effective response mechanism teams and engaging closely with local common goal and objectives of the was developed and the report shared communities and authorities. From project. With improved communication with donors triggering funding for the get go, it is evident how important and coordination, the consortium team emergency response. it is to work in the borderlands with a set up offices in three locations with There is plenty to be achieved in 2019 different approach. To bring expertise, functional teams, systems and structure to ensure progressive implementation of knowledge and skills across the to deliver project activities across the the project and creation of more cross borders, to exchange information borders. cutting partnerships. We are looking among neighbouring areas, to learn how In leading the Consortium, DRC forward to achieving our set objectives communities interconnect and deal with has been proactive in seeking new that will propel us towards the final year life in the borderlands. partnerships and collaborations to of the project. The DRC led BORESHA Consortium respond to the rising needs in the region.

TVET Auto Mechanics trainees enrolled by BORESHA in Mandera, Kenya and equipped with startup kits to set up their own businesses after graduation. Photo:13 | DRC Maslah EAST Mohamed/DRC AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 ROOT CAUSES OF DISPLACEMENT The DRC strategic platform for Root Causes focus on addressing conflict and displacement by supporting resilient communities and strengthening local stability. One approach to achieve this is to work with communities and duty bearers to enhance community resilience to shocks, improve conflict management capacity and support better and more accountable security provision to communities.

The time is now: A programme to build a working collaboration between Kenya CIBS Cross-border Strengthen police accountability traditional and formal justice institutions. programme and access to justice in Somalia The project targets local communities, The Collaboration for Improved Border members of councils of elders (Guurti), In Somalia, the root causes of Security and Management in Kenya legal aid providers, federal and state-level displacement are diverse and (CIBS) is a United States Department of police officers and officials in 10 target multifaceted. Apart from natural and State funded programme implemented districts (Dollow, Kismayo, Baidoa, Luuq, man-made disasters, other causes of by the DDG in Mandera and Wajir Xudur, Berdale, Beletweyne, Belethawo, displacement are triggered by poverty, Counties in North Eastern Kenya. The Jowhar and Warsheikh). DDG is inequality, injustice, weak governance program provides technical support implementing this project in partnership and deteriorating law and order. The to the implementation of the Security with the African Policing Civilian Oversight absence of strong law enforcement Governance Initiative, a multi-year effort Forum (APCOF) and the Women and and the weak capacity of the justice between United States and partner Child Care Organization (WOCCA). system have allowed for continued countries (including Kenya) to improve Through the project, organizations that lawlessness and the marginalization security sector governance and capacity are part of the Somali Legal Aid Network of major segments of communities. to address threats. The larger aim of (SLAN) will also benefit. Continuous abuses of power, violations the programme is to contribute to long of human rights and apathy towards The project is implemented in seven term sustainable institutionalization of female crime victims are all contributing districts and has received approval improved capacity in border community factors to displacement. These factors to expand to three additional districts engagement practice within Kenya’s can be addressed and mitigated by (Warsheikh, Wajid and Belethawo). DDG border management authorities. The strengthening police structures, aligning has established Community-Police main activities cantered on community the traditional justice system with human Dialogue and Cooperation forums security provider dialogues to build rights standards and making it more (CPDCs) in all seven districts at the collaboration, conflict management inclusive of marginalized groups. section and district levels. education for communities and security providers, and advanced conflict The Strengthening Police Accountability All districts except Beletweyne have management/conflict sensitivity and and Access to Justice program established Guurti+, a more inclusive rights-based policing training to security aims to facilitate peacebuilding and version of their elder-led traditional providers. stabilization in fragile parts of Somalia dispute resolution mechanisms. Five by strengthening the security and districts (Jowhar, Kismayo, Baidoa, In 2018, besides scheduled project justice architecture. This project is an Dollow and Luuq) have codified and activities, a number of key events were integral part of DFID’s Somalia Security documented a local Xeer (traditional organized under CIBS. These included and Justice Programme, and is in line legal system) and are revising it on a a lessons learnt and evaluation study with the Somalia Development Plan. rolling basis to ensure that it is relevant in November, which was validated at The programme focuses on facilitating to emergent community issues. DDG both Mandera and Wajir county and a community–focused, effective and is also supporting ongoing training in community levels. The county level accountable police architecture in participatory conflict analysis and conflict validations saw the presence of local Somalia. It resonates with the new police mediation to members of the Guurti+ and officials including the Assistant County model, and also supports processes the community. Commissioners, County Chief Officers for to make traditional conflict resolution de-radicalization and countering violent The districts have also established mechanisms more representative, extremism, and conflict management, Security and Justice Coordination capable of solving civil disputes and cohesion and integration. Further, a Forums that bring together district aligned with the formal justice sector. meeting at the United States Embassy in authorities, security providers and Nairobi was held in December 2018 to The desired outcome is the emergence community members to discuss recent present results from the study, an event of more inclusive, effective, accountable security and justice events, successes, that saw the participation of the Political, and community-supported security and failures and concerns and produce Security, Military and Public Affairs Units, justice institutions in Somalia, including recommendations for improving security in addition to USAID. federal and state-level police forces. It and justice. Several rounds have been also seeks to increase access to justice held in each of the districts in which DDG through more representative and capable currently operates. traditional justice mechanisms, and to

DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 14 ROOT CAUSES OF DISPLACEMENT

This event provided DRC/DDG a chance ‘old’ and ‘new’ caseload of refugees, and to not only discuss lessons learnt in the 2) between the refugee population and implementation of the CIBS programme, host communities. A brief desk review but also provide recommendations to a was followed by qualitative interviews broad range of actors on cross-border with refugee and host community programme and policy. representatives, government actors and humanitarian agencies. Critically, in-depth Secondly, as part of its goal of increasing key informant interviews with DRC staff community voices within the Government who have extensive experience in the of Kenya’s border management strategy settlement were carried out. Findings and to increase collaboration between from the study were discussed and national border management authorities, validated with representatives from local officials with border management the office of the Prime Minister, NGOs, functions, and communities, DDG Refugee Welfare Committees and organized a public consultation on local councils. The rapid assessment Border Security and Management demonstrated that conflict analyses workshop in Mandera in December could be successfully, quickly and 2018, in coordination with the Border inexpensively conducted in the context of Management Secretariat (under the fast-paced emergencies. Ministry of Interior and Coordination of National Government). The goal of CM component of EUTF Uganda the workshop was to have consultative discussions with border communities, As of January 2016, Uganda was hosting national and county government officials, 512,966 refugees and asylum seekers in and civil society groups with border the settlements with a small proportion functions on the Kenya Border Security (1.5%) staying in Kampala. Approximately Management Strategy (KBSMS). The 39% were South Sudanese who workshop provided a platform for arrived following the outbreak of the national border security authorities to January 2013 conflict. Most of the explain the KBSMS as well as solicit South Sudanese refugees (94.2%) were recommendations on how border accommodated in Adjumani, Rhino security and management can be camp and Kiryandongo settlements. The strengthened. current refugee context in West Nile has actuated the shift from sole emergency Conflict analysis in Uganda response programming to that of increasingly durable solutions for South In line with DRC/DDG’s aim of ensuring Sudanese refugees. inclusion of conflict sensitivity in all its programming, several key conflict With that context in mind, DRC, Save the analyses were carried out in 2018 in Children, ZOA International and CEFORD Somalia, South Sudan, and Uganda. initially developed the “Support Program In Uganda, a rapid conflict assessment to Refugee Settlements and Host method was piloted and received Communities in Northern Uganda (SPRS- with great success by humanitarian NU)” funded by the EU Trust Fund, stakeholders in the country. The that focusses on conflict management, assessment was carried out under livelihoods, education and research with the European Civil Protection and the aim of reducing the risk of violent Humanitarian Aid Operations (ECHO) conflict between host communities and funded ‘Emergency Cash and Protection refugees in Adjumani, Rhino Camp, Assistance for new Congolese refugees Kiryandongo and Yumbe. in Kyaka II, Uganda project’. The aim of During the course of the program, the assessment was to provide DRC, the regional technical DDG team was ECHO and other actors with a snapshot engaged to support with training, quality of the implications of changes in context assurance and provide enough tools in Kyaka II provoked by the influx of for the teams to focus on dialogue and Congolese refugees since December peaceful coexistence interventions in the 2017. The study focused on identifying main conflict areas as opposed to inter- potential areas of tension among: 1) the personal issues or smaller-scale conflicts.

15 | DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 DDG volunteers teaching children in various schools in Gardo, Somalia about Mine Risk Education. Photo: Axel Fassio / DRC. DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 16 MONITORING EVALUATION, ACCOUNTABILITY & LEARNING (MEAL) Continuous learning for improved project design, stronger and quality programming

Evidence use and quality programming Key achievements: continues to be a priority for DRC within the EAGL region. A strong MEAL system • Documented MEAL Frameworks: will ensure that the evidence generated Three Country Operations have is of high quality and will subsequently already documented their Country improve project and program design. In MEAL Frameworks. The region is line with this, three key priorities were supporting the remaining country identified for 2018: Designing of a operations to finalize documentation knowledge management and learning of their respective frameworks. strategy; Documentation of country MEAL frameworks and automation of • DRC Somalia has scaled the MEAL systems. The latter would up implementation of the be achieved through scale up of the comprehensive MEAL database and comprehensive MEAL database that was is looking forward to continue the piloted by DRC Somalia since 2016. process in 2019. Other DRC country operations are being supported to begin implementation in 2019.

• As part of the efforts to institutionalise learning, the regional guidelines on documentation of lessons learned have continued to guide various learning processes including country annual reviews.

• Regional MEAL team supported the Integrated Emergency Assessments (IEA) in Uganda and Tanzania. Similar support was provided for the code of conduct beneficiary awareness assessments in Uganda, Ethiopia and Somalia.

• Regional MEAL team under the guidance of the Regional Knowledge Management and Learning Specialist successfully organised and coordinated the regional learning fair which was conducted during the 2018 Regional Annual Review.

17 | DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 Harvesting Knowledge through the Regional Innovations and Knowledge Share Fair 2018

It is believed that whoever has water vending technology (AQtap) as The regional staff exhibited various knowledge exerts power. It is also true a solution to providing equitable water initiatives that have worked well during that knowledge is a factor of people. supply to communities. The utilization the course of program implementation. of this technology not only improves These included live demos such In October 2018, DRC, through the water access, but also reduces water as the M&E database piloted in MEAL unit organized a Knowledge wastage and enhances accountability. Somalia including the protection case Share Fair alongside the Regional Annual This could reduce operational costs for management system; the drylands Review event in Nairobi to make the DRC as recently experienced in Bidi Bidi resilience design in Kakuma; a digital above saying a reality. The event brought settlement camp in Uganda. Another portal for cash programming that together over 40 DRC/DDG staff from innovation presented by Global supply promotes partnerships and a survey tool the East African and Great Lakes region, solutions included the use of pineapple by the Mixed Migration Centre (MMC) the Headquarters in Copenhagen and briquettes as an alternative source for hard to reach places. Other initiatives actors from the private sector. The of energy to firewood. Additionally, included studies on durable solutions by event was a transformative step toward Cookswell demonstrated the use of seed the ReDSS, efforts towards integrated strengthening DRC as an organization balls for planting trees including energy programming, the DDG experience in that values and uses knowledge to saving stoves that could offer sources of working with local authorities to resolve improve programme quality. The income for the Refugee communities. conflict and the power of Geographical objective of the fair was to provide Information Systems. a platform for sharing experiences, Innovations aimed at promoting resilience innovations and learning. was also present at the fair. Pamoja As highlighted above, the event allowed crafts, an initiative of the DRC Kenya different stakeholders to share useful The exhibition space was filled with a program, displayed a variety of beautiful knowledge in such a short period of time. multitude of private sector actors and crafts made by an organized group of It is evident that managing knowledge DRC staff who brought forward varying refugees living in Kenya. These items and continuous learning requires innovations and best practices aimed which are sold online offer a source of deliberate efforts and can be integrated at providing solutions to programming income to the women and enhances their into routine activities. The MEAL unit will challenges. Grundfos, a Danish based resilience and self-reliance. focus on institutionalizing efforts towards private firm, demonstrated the use of learning in 2019.

DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 18 The Super Towel: An has been designed as a soap alternative In order to assess the acceptability efficient and durable tool for water, sanitation and hygiene in low and feasibility of the SuperTowel®, RR to improve hand washing and middle crisis-affected settings which and LSHTM conducted a pilot study practices in humanitarian has been the subject of research for with DRC in Hitsats Refugee Camp in emergencies the Environmental Health Group of the Tigray Regional State in August 2018. university for the last 20 years. A small number of families in the camp In Ethiopia, improved sanitation setting were given the SuperTowel® and and hygiene promotion remain a The efficacy testing was done with a were encouraged to use it for 10 days. priority to prevent and respond to set of SuperTowel® prototypes in a Researchers visited households during disease outbreaks such as cholera laboratory in India. Participants had their the 10 days and collected feedback in humanitarian emergencies. Hand hands pre-contaminated with non- from participants about the practicality washing with soap is an effective way pathogenic E. coli, then cleaned their and desirability of using the product. of preventing disease transmission and hands with the SuperTowel® and the Interviews and focus group discussions has been found to reduce diarrheal amount of residual E.coli was measured. were conducted with the subjects to diseases by up to 47%. However, In order to compare this to the efficacy identify barriers to use of the product given the unique challenges posed by of handwashing with soap, volunteers and in what ways it could be improved to the IDP establishments in Ethiopia, then repeated the contamination better meets their needs. providing access to hand washing procedure and washed their hands with facilities, water and soap to affected liquid reference soap. The SuperTowel® DRC is now waiting for the result of the populations is limited and infrequent. To used only 318 ml of water per hand pilot study. If the study recommends the mitigate this challenge, DRC embarked clean, while handwashing with soap SuperTowel® to be a viable product, on an innovative partnership with Real for the same duration used 1.2 litres. DRC may envisage to promote its Relief (RR), a Danish based company The efficacy findings, together with purchase by humanitarian organizations specializing in the development and the SuperTowel’s® minimal water use, to distribute to crisis affected populations manufacturing of innovative products for durability (the anti-microbial treatment in a range of humanitarian contexts. the humanitarian sector. RR has tested lasts forever), lightness and cost effective The engagement with RR is a case the efficacy of a hand washing innovative production (making it easy to distribute) of partnership between the private product called the SuperTowel® in and convenience to the user indicate that sector and humanitarian agencies partnership with the London School this product may be a viable alternative to improve integrated emergency of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine to soap in humanitarian contexts where response in humanitarian contexts (LSHTM), a leading company in public water is scarce and the logistics of soap where organizations take advantage health research with a grant from the distribution is challenging. However, of the unique expertise, capacities Humanitarian Innovation Fund. The encouraging crisis-affected populations and resources of the private sector to SuperTowel® is a durable fabric with a to use the SuperTowel® will require a increase efficiency in providing efficient permanent anti-microbial bonding that substantial shift in behaviour. humanitarian assistance.

19 | DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 STORIES FROM THE FIELD

KENYA NFIs. The National Government, County based Disaster Risk Reduction plans for Government, DDG, Interpeace, National communities, establishing and supporting Mandera Celebrates peace cohesion and integration and other peace livestock common interest groups and actors intervened at various levels to end animal health initiatives, initiating and In Kenya, Mandera North sub-county the conflict. These efforts bore fruits during supporting village savings and loans has been an epi-center of inter-clan the 2017 general elections where for the associations, establishing a grant fund conflict between the Garre and Degodia first time in many years, peaceful elections facility to provide financial support and clans who co-exist in many parts of this were held in Mandera North. vocational training. Other activities sub-county and neighboring Banissa and aimed at strengthening resilience are This positive turn around was celebrated Mandera East Sub-county. Conflict in establishment of business development when the Mandera County Government Rhamu town has been recurrent within centres in Mandera to provide advisory organized a one-day peace celebration in and across Mandera North sub-county services and technical assistance to Mandera North Constituency and Rhamu boundaries for a long time but a spike emerging businesses and putting in place Town. Various stakeholders including the in this conflict became evident after the cash for work for the most vulnerable, National Government, County Leaders, re-districting of Mandera North as a sub- including displaced and returnees and BORESHA programme, community county. Over time, the Rhamu conflict rehabilitation of community infrastructures leaders and members from Dollow has actively spilled over to virtually all as well as strengthening the planning (Somalia), Dollo Ado (Ethiopia), Elwak neighbouring sub-counties of Mandera and management of cross-border natural (Somalia) and Wajir County, INGO’s and South, Mandera west, Banissa, Lafey resources, initiating community-led the private sector were invited to take and Mandera East. The conflicts in the protection and rehabilitation of rangelands part in the celebrations. The celebrations area typically have political foundations and management of invasive species and were held on October 21st, 2018 with relating to competition for power and supporting schools in harvesting of rain- the theme “Celebrating Peace, Cohesion limited resources. They are protracted in water. duration, express existing social, political, and Building Resilience.” The event economic, and cultural structures and celebrated the three years of peaceful SOUTH SUDAN cleavages, and are often characterized by coexistence between the communities one sector preying on other parts of the living in the county and along the border, Changing lives through community. This has caused inter-human more specifically in Mandera North apprenticeships infliction of significant, avoidable pain and Constituency. The BORESHA Consortium DRC through funding from DANIDA suffering to the residents of the area for a facilitated the attendance of participants trained a total of 22 youths (9 females and long time. from Somalia and Ethiopia and also rolled 13 males) in bed making in Bentiu women out various activities in all its 3 result training centre. The training equipped Rhamu town is a point of convergence areas of resilience, livelihoods and natural for many Somali clans. Because of youths with skills to build their own beds resource management. This project, for use at home and for sell. Wichmuon, the relatively recent arrival of most of funded by the European Union Trust Fund these clans into the riverine area, clan from Koithiey community, benefited from for Africa, is aimed at promoting economic this apprenticeship program. He was territorial claims are more contentious development and greater resilience, and disputed than in many other parts of selected by the community leaders and particularly among vulnerable groups community members when DRC raised Mandera County. Prominently, most of the in the cross-border area including the conflicts in Mandera County have been awareness about the program. The bed two sub-counties of Mandera North and making training started in November fought along this important border town Banissa affected by the conflict in Rhamu. through which considerable cross-border 2018 and the youths had a trainer who DDG facilitated participants from Wajir to facilitated the bed making training. livestock trade and transit trade crossing participate in this event. from Ethiopia into Kenya is conducted. After the training, he managed to make a In February 2012, the inter-clan conflict Shantoley market was refurbished by the bed which the family is using at home. He that started in November 2011 reached County Government to the tune of Ksh. hopes to utilize the skills acquired to start its peak with the competing clans 37,657,000. The market has sections a small business where he will make beds burning down half of Rhamu town. These offering goods and services including and earn a living to take care of his family. developments generated hatred that textile, eateries, vegetables, Saloons, As a community member, Wichmuon has resulted to the closure of the cosmopolitan Mpesa services, household utensils, grains been a key mobilizer, delivering information Shantoley Market that was looted and and cereals, milk, Firewood and fodder. to his community and continuously vandalized. This led to the mushrooming As we celebrate the milestone, we must motivating other youths to actively of clan based markets within suburbs not lose focus on Rhamu town which participate in the bed making venture. where each community has dominance. is still characterized by instability and In addition, the use of separate public scarcity of resources like water, pasture, “The training and skills acquired transport vehicles for local travels between health services and food, all of which are empowered us to make our own beds. Rhamu and Mandera towns emerged. existential triggers of conflict. Sustainable We will continue to use these skills to The National and County government has development cannot be achieved in make a living. I really thank DRC for the prioritized peaceful co-existence since the absence of peace. The BORESHA work well done and I encourage them the last spate of conflict. They continue to project has focused activities aimed at to continue helping the communities encourage peace dialogues and provide meeting some of the needs of the area. through skills transfer,” Wichmuon essential humanitarian aid including These activities include early warning remarked. relief food, water, sanitation, shelter and and recovery systems, community-

DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 20 FUNDING AND FACTS

DRC/DDG EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES – FUNDING BY DONOR

UNHC R 30.50% US D 24,779,012 Norwegian Directorate of immigration 0.39% Others USD 319,846 0.16% USD 122,678

OC HA 4.81% UNIC E F EU Trust Fund Norwegian US D 3,903,698 4.63% 0.74% Refugee Council US D 3,757,051 USD 597,293 SDC 2.10% 0.57% UNDP USD 1,702,193 USD 464,567 1% USD 810,981 Expertise France 0.51% US Embassy USD 416,030 S omalia S tability Fund 0.02% (S S F) USD 18,750 7.09% EU Dev. Aid 1.26% E U Hum. Aid (DG E C HO) US D 5,757,468 USD 1,024,228 8.97% US D 7,283,684 Danida 11.86% US D 9,635,525 National Collection Campaign 0.73% USD 594,872 S IDA 3.37% DFID FAO Danish Embassy US D 2,738,031 4.46% 0.14% WFP USD 111,864 0.45% US D 3,619,084 3.69% USD 363,057 US D 2,998,623 US DoS - AB FCO 0.19% 1.49% USD 153,846 Own Fund USD 1,207,230 0.82% US AID - FFP USD 668,697 US DoS - PRM 4.41% 1.41% IGAD IOM US D 3,578,718 USD 1,149,295 US AID - OFDA 0.12% 0.07% 3.03% USD 97,297 USD 60,559 US D 2,458,857 MFA - Norway 0.08% GIZ French Embassy USD 63,640 0.07% 0.04% USD 58,142 USD 33,150

21 | DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 DRC/DDG EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES – SECTOR ALLOCATION BY EXPENDITURE

DRC/DDG EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES – SOMALIA SECTOR ALLOCATION BY EXPENDITURE

DRC/DDG EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES – ETHIOPIA SECTOR ALLOCATION BY EXPENDITURE

DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 22 DRC/DDG EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES – DJIBOUTI SECTOR ALLOCATION BY EXPENDITURE

DRC/DDG EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES – KENYA SECTOR ALLOCATION BY EXPENDITURE

DRC/DDG EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES – UGANDA SECTOR ALLOCATION BY EXPENDITURE

23 | DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 DRC/DDG EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES – DR CONGO SECTOR ALLOCATION BY EXPENDITURE

DRC/DDG EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES – TANZANIA SECTOR ALLOCATION BY EXPENDITURE

DRC/DDG EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES – SOUTH SUDAN SECTOR ALLOCATION BY EXPENDITURE

DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 24 DRC ENGAGEMENT IN INTERNATIONAL POLICY AND ADVOCACY FORUMS IN 2018

COUNTRY FORUM STATUS Regional Durable Solutions Secretariat (ReDSS) Member of Steering Committee and host of secretariat DRC/DDG EAGL Regional Humanitarian Partnership Team Member REGIONAL Inter-Agency Working Group (IAWG) Host of the IAWG Secretariat through May 2018 Borderlands Working Group Lead Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) Member Protection Cluster (National) Co-lead Somalia NGO Consortium Member Child Protection Working Group Member Building Opportunities for Resilience in the Horn of Africa (BORESHA) Member Somalia Country Force on Monitoring and Reporting (SCFMR) Member Police Accountability Working Group Member Peacebuilding Working Group Member Rule of Law Working Group Member Comprehensive Approach to Security (CAS) - Strand 4 Meeting - Prevent- Member ing and Countering Violent Extremism (PCVE) Enhancing Integration of Displacement Affected Communities in Somalia Member (EIDACS) SOMALIA WASH Cluster (National) Member WASH Cluster (South Galkayo Region) Regional focal point Food Security Clusters Member Shelter/NFI Cluster Member Somalia NGO Consortium Advocacy Working Group Member Solutions Alliance Somalia (SAS) Member of core group Resilience Working Group for Somalia Member Mixed Migration Task force (Puntland, Somaliland) Member Somalia Resilience Program (SomReP) Member Somalia CASH Alliance Member Durable Solutions Sub-working Group Member ECHO Multi-sector Program Lead Somaliland Durable Solutions Consortium Member Building Opportunities for Resilience in the Horn of Africa (BORESHA) Member

Interagency Taskforce on Review of the Refugee Bill and National Asylum Member Policy Urban Refugee protection Network (URPN) Member KENYA County Steering Group (Turkana, Mandera, Garissa) Member County Peace Actors Forum (Mandera, Wajir) Member Borderlands Working Group Lead CRRF Multi-sectoral Technical Working Group INGO-Lead Kenya Humanitarian Partnership Team (KHPT) Member Protection Working Group Member BURUNDI Food Security, Nutrition and Livelihood Working Group Member Protection Cluster Member Education Cluster Member Cash Working Group Member DR CONGO Comité Régional Inter-Organisation Member NGO Forum Member Child Protection working Group Member Child Protection working Group (Beni) Co-Lead

25 | DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 COUNTRY FORUM STATUS Protection Working Group (National) Member Child Protection and GBV working Groups (National) Member DJIBOUTI Mixed Migration Task Force (National) Member Cash Working Group (National) Member Refugee Livelihoods Working Group Member Karamoja Working Group Member Protection Working Group Member Energy and Environment Working Group Member Water and Environment Working Group Member NGO Forum Member Policy and advocacy Working Group Member National FSAL working Group Member Cash Cooperative Delivery Platform Chair UGANDA Internal Risk Management Group Chair NGO Refugee Response Coordination Group Member CRRF Steering Group Member CRRF Development Partner Group (DPG) Member CRRF Management Committee Member CRRF Water & Environment Task Force Member ECHO Consortia Lead Working Group Member NGO Country Directors Forum Member NGO Security and Safety Working Group Co-chair National Public Works Working Group Member Refugee INGO Forum Chair WASH working group (Gambella) Member NFI working group (Gambella) Chair Shelter working group (Dollo Ado) Chair Wash Cluster (National) Member Protection Cluster (National) Member ETHIOPIA Child Protection – GBV sub-cluster (National) Member Protection Refugee Working Group (National) Member WASH cluster (Somali region) Member Emergency Shelter – NFI Cluster (National) Member Humanitarian INGO Group (National) Member OCHA Inter Cluster Coordination Group Plus Member HINGO HR Working Group (National) Member National Council of NGOs (National) Member INGO Working Group (National) Lead CCCM Working Group Co-chair Protection Mainstreaming Task Force Co-chair Head of Agencies Group Co-chair Inter-Sector Agency Co-chair CBP Working Group Member TANZANIA SGBV Working Group Member Information Management Working Group Member Shelter Working Group Member Child Protection Working Group Co-chair Protection Working Group Member WASH Working Group Member Host Community Working Group Member Resilience and Self-Reliance Working Group Member

DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 | 26 COUNTRY FORUM STATUS Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) Member NGO Forum Member Protection Cluster (National) Member WASH Cluster (National) Member CCCM Cluster Member FSL Cluster Member Shelter/NFI Cluster Member National Assessment Working Group (NAWG) Member Communication and Community Engagement (CCE) Working Member SOUTH SUDAN Solutions Working Group (SWG) in Unity State, Upper Nile State and Central Member (Note there is no national group) Equatoria. WASH SAG Member ad hoc SNFI OWG Member SNFI analysis working group Co-lead SNFI PDM working group Co-lead Agricultural technical working group Member Cash Working Group Member Fisheries Working Group Member ERRM (ECHO) Member

27 | DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018 DRC/DDG – EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES ADDRESSES

DRC/DDG EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES REGIONAL OFFICE DRC/DDG SOMALILAND LOWER KABETE ROAD, OFF NGECHA JUNCTION IBRAHIM KOODBUUR P.O. BOX 14762-00800, WESTLANDS JIGJIGA YAR, MAANSOOR AREA NAIROBI, KENYA HARGEISA, SOMALILAND +254 (0) 20 418 0403/4/5 +252 (2) 523 111/099 T:@drcEA_GL DRC PUNTLAND F: DRC –East Africa & Great Lakes LAANTA HAWADA, AIRPORT ROAD www.drc.ngo OPPOSITE WFP, BOSSASO, PUNTLAND DRC/DDG KENYA +252 (05) 829 012 LOWER KABETE ROAD, OFF NGECHA JUNCTION DRC/DDG DR CONGO P.O. BOX 14762-00800, WESTLANDS 01 AVENUE WALIKALE, QUARTIER LES VOLCANS NAIROBI, KENYA GOMA, RÉPUBLIQUE DÉMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO +254 (0) 20 418 0403/4/5 +967 (1) 410 613 DRC ETHIOPIA DRC/DDG UGANDA BOLE ROAD (BEHIND UNHCR) PLOT 4688 P.O. BOX 12363 P.O BOX 8103 MUYENGA, ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA KAMPALA, UGANDA +251 (0) 11 61 83070 +256 414 598341 DRC DJIBOUTI DRC TANZANIA HERON ROAD, PLOT 16 P.O. BOX 177, KIBONDO P.O. BOX 3115 REPUBLIQUE DE DJIBOUTI KIBONDO, TANZANIA +253 21 34 11 39 DRC SOUTH SUDAN DRC/DDG SOUTH CENTRAL SOMALIA ADDIS ABABA ROAD, AIRPORT ROAD, BUILDING D11 BETWEEN UNICEF OFFICE AND SUPIRI SECONDARY SCHOOL WADAJIR - BULOHUBEY JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN MOGADISHU, SOMALIA DRC BURUNDI +252 (1) 859 933 BOULEVARD DE LA NATION (ROUTE AEROPRT) AVENUE BUNOGERA NUMERO 7 BP: 1540 BUJUMBURA.

CURRENT DRC/DDG EAGL DONORS

Funding Provided by the United States Government 29 | DRC EAST AFRICA & GREAT LAKES | ANNUAL REPORT 2018