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The Acquisition of Medicinal Plant Knowledge: a Cross-Cultural Survey

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The Acquisition of Medicinal Plant Knowledge: a Cross-Cultural Survey University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 5-1990 The Acquisition of Medicinal Plant Knowledge: A Cross-Cultural Survey Anna Ruth Dixon University of Tennessee, Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Dixon, Anna Ruth, "The Acquisition of Medicinal Plant Knowledge: A Cross-Cultural Survey. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1990. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/4163 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Anna Ruth Dixon entitled "The Acquisition of Medicinal Plant Knowledge: A Cross-Cultural Survey." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Anthropology. Michael H. Logan, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Benita Howell, Jefferson Chapman Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Anna Ruth Dixon entitled "The Acquisition of Medicinal Plant Knowledge: a Cross-Cultural Survey." I have examined the final copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend tht it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Anthropology. �w�.�ichaeIH. Logan, Majo� � We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: &z�.£J � �- Accepted for the Council: Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School THE ACQUISITION OF MEDICINAL PLANT KNOWLEDGE: A CROSS-CULTURAL SURVEY A Thesis Presented for the Master of Arts Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Anna R. Dixon May 1990 Copyright@ Anna R. Dixon, 1990 All rights reserved STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master's degree at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, I agree that the Library shall make it available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of the source is made. Requests for permission for extensive quotation from or reproduction of this thesis in whole or in parts may be granted by the copyright holder. Signature ----------­ Date ------------- nns THESIS IS DEDICATED TO MY MOTHER, RUTH SELLERS NUNNERY DIXON iii ACKNOWLEDGE1v1ENTS First, I would like to thank my Committee, Drs. Michael Logan, Benita Howell and Jefferson Chapman, for their help, encouragement and unfailing cheerfulness in the face of this author's thesis struggles. Next, no thesis is ever written without the support of a network of loyal and loving friends. There is not enough space here to acknowledge all my fellow students here at the University of Tennessee who have helped me over the years. However, I would especially like to thank Mr. Harley W. Lanham, who toiled on archeological sites in exotic and decidedly non-exotic places to help finance my endeavors; Dr. Gary D. Crites, Ph.D., who unselfishly shared his extensive knowledge of paleoethnobotany with me, as well as giving me a deeper understanding of the color "mauve"; Lynn M. Snyder, who made me think about animals instead of plants all the time; Joanne M. Juchniewicz and Reed Wade, without whom this thesis would not have been possible; and, of course, the regular Sam and Andy's Friday Anthropology Club: Greg Horak, Darcy Morey, Charlie Hall (and Nate), Jan Jones, Mark Guilbeau, and an ever-changing cast of characters. Finally, thanks to the folks at Celestial Seasonings for their Morning Thunder tea; this thesis has been brought to you by Ilex paraguariensis. iv ABSTRACT Purpose of Study A 10% random sample of fertility-related plants was taken from Table ill of Farnsworth et al. 's article, "Potential Value of Plants as Sources of New Antifertility Agents I" (Farnsworth et al. 1975: 547-554), one of the most extensive compilations of cross-cultural and chemical information on fertility-related plants available in the literature. A single class of medicinal plants, fertility-related medicinals, was chosen because it is possible that the attributes that lead to the identification of fertilty-related plants are different than for plants used to treat other conditions. Five objective criteria related to plant morphology, chemistry and ecology were proposed as being significant in contributing to the perceptual salience of potential medicinal plants. The chemical, botanical and ethnographic literature was searched for descriptions of each plant contained in the random sample. Findings Of the 15 plant species in the random sample, approximately 70% were found to fit one or more of the criteria related to perceptual salience, supporting the hypothesis that acquisition of medicinal plant knowledge is not the result of purely random processes. It is possible that these attributes are in some way clues to the potential bioactivity of the plant's chemical V constituents. Once a link between a certain odor, taste or other characteristic and a specific physiological effect was noted by humans, this may· have led to experimentation with other plants with a similar odor, taste,or appearance to produce the same physiological effect. VI TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE IN1"R.ODUCI10N .......................................................................... 1 1. LllERATURE REVIEW ............................................................ 7 2. METIIODS........................................... ................................ 25 Sample ............................................................................ 25 Definitions ....................................................................... 27 Sources ...........................................................................30 StatisticalMe tllcxis..................... .........................................31 3. DATA .................................................................................32 Attributes Selected forAnalysis ........................... ....................32 Random SampleData ...........................................................43 I. Berberidaceae ........................................................... 44 Berberis vulgaris....................... ................................ 49 II. Leguminosae ............................................................53 Astragalusglycyphyllos ............................................... 62 Pisum sativum ..........................................................63 III. Plumbaginaceae ........................................................67 Plumbago zeylanica.................................................... 73 IV. Rutaceae....................... ..........................................7 8 Citrus aurantium ........................................................ 90 V. Umbellif erae ............................................................93 Canlm carvi. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 102 VI. Verbenaceae ........................................................... 106 Clercxiendron uncinatum ............................................ 115 VII. Labiatae ................................................................ 119 Marrubium vulgare ................................................... 122 C>cimum sanctum........................... .......................... 128 Orthosiphon stamineus .............................................. 134 VIII. Solanaceae ............................................................ 137 Witllania somnifera ..................................................148 IX. Acanthaceae ........................................................... 156 Adhatcxiavasica ...................................................... 158 X . Astera.ceae. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 161 Artemisia yulgaris................................... ................. 170 Cnicus benedictus .................................................... 17 4 Solida� odora ....................................................... 182 Summary................................. ...................................... 185 4. DISUSSION, CONCLUSIONS, AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEA RCH ......................................................... 192 Discussion ............................................................ 192 Conclusions ........................................................... 200 Suggestions for Further Research .................................. 206 LIST OF REFERENCES ............................................................... 209 VITA.................................................. ..................................... 226 vii INTRODUCTION In the past few years, the field of ethnobotany has begun to take a new approach to the study of traditional herbal medicine. Previous research on medicinal plants used by traditional societies has either focused on understanding plant classification from an emic (cognitive) perspective (e.g., Berlin
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