Universidade De São Paulo Faculdade De Filosofia, Letras E Ciências Humanas Departamento De Letras Orientais Programa De Estudos Judaicos E Árabes Estudos Judaicos

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Universidade De São Paulo Faculdade De Filosofia, Letras E Ciências Humanas Departamento De Letras Orientais Programa De Estudos Judaicos E Árabes Estudos Judaicos UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS ORIENTAIS PROGRAMA DE ESTUDOS JUDAICOS E ÁRABES ESTUDOS JUDAICOS JOSÉ RIBEIRO NETO A INFLUÊNCIA DA TRADIÇÃO NA TRADUÇÃO E INTERPRETAÇÃO DE ISAÍAS 52.13-53.12 Versão Corrigida São Paulo 2014 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS ORIENTAIS PROGRAMA DE ESTUDOS JUDAICOS E ÁRABES ESTUDOS JUDAICOS JOSÉ RIBEIRO NETO A INFLUÊNCIA DA TRADIÇÃO NA TRADUÇÃO E INTERPRETAÇÃO DE ISAÍAS 52.13-53.12 Versão Corrigida José Ribeiro Neto Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Letras Orientais. Área de Concentração: Cultura Judaica Orientador: Prof. Dr. Reginaldo Gomes de Araújo São Paulo 2014 Nome: JOSÉ RIBEIRO NETO Título: A influência da tradição na tradução e interpretação de Isaías 52.13-53.12 Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Letras Orientais. Aprovado em: _____/_________________/ 2014 BANCA EXAMINADORA Prof. Dr. Reginaldo Gomes de Araújo Universidade de São Paulo Julgamento:_____________________________Assinatura:____________________________ Prof.ª Dr.ª Heloísa Pezza Cintrão Universidade de São Paulo Julgamento:_____________________________Assinatura:____________________________ Prof. Dr. Paulo de Sousa Oliveira Seminário Teológico Batista Nacional Enéas Tognini Julgamento:_____________________________Assinatura:____________________________ Dedicatória Aos meus filhos: Katarina Tavares Ribeiro Israel Tavares Ribeiro Esdras Tavares Ribeiro Agradecimentos Ao Professor Reginaldo Gomes de Araújo pela paciência e apoio em todos os momentos da pesquisa. Ao Professor Moacir Amâncio pelas valiosas sugestões acadêmicas. À Professora Heloísa Pezza Cintrão pelas sugestões a respeito das teorias de tradução e bibliografias referentes à área. Ao Professor Paulo de Sousa Oliveira, amigo e companheiro em todos os momentos da minha vida acadêmica. A todos os funcionários do DLO pela paciência e cordialidade. À minha amada esposa Kátia Cristina Tavares Ribeiro pelo companherismo e compreensão em todos os momentos. A todos meus alunos nos seminários teológicos onde ministro aulas que enriqueceram minhas pesquisas com perguntas e sugestões. RESUMO Esta pesquisa procura analisar a influência da tradição na tradução e interpretação da perícope de Isaías 52.13-53.12. Inicialmente esta pesquisa discute a teoria de Eugene A. Nida, que tem sido a principal teoria nas discussões de tradução da Bíblia. Juntamente com a análise da teoria de Nida analisou-se também as principais discussões sobre tradução de outras vertentes acadêmicas e o uso das mesmas pelas principais tradições religiosas: judaicas, católicas e protestantes. Por meio de estudo de casos específicos de tradução dessas diversas correntes religiosas analisou-se as influências teológicas na tradução de textos tais como Isaías 14.12 na tradição protestante, Isaías 9.5-6 na tradição judaica. A pesquisa abordou o uso da paráfrase como meio utilizado pelas tradições religiosas para defender suas doutrinas em textos sensíveis da Bíblia Hebraica, bem como o poder da tradição interpretativa como interferência na produção de traduções alinhadas às posições teológicas das respectivas tradições. A pesquisa procura delinear de forma breve, a história dos princípios de interpretação da tradição cristã e do judaísmo rabínico. As principais versões produzidas por essas tradições interpretativas: LXX, Vulgata, Targum e Peshitta foram expostas como produtos dessas tradições interpretativas e a perícope de Isaías 52.13-53.12 nessas antigas versões e no Novo Testamento, também como produtos de influência das diferentes tradições interpretativas do cristianismo e do judaísmo rabínico. Por fim, o trabalho busca mostrar como o texto da perícope de Isaías 52.13-53.12 foi tratado nas fontes antigas do judaísmo rabínico e do cristianismo e os efeitos dessas tradições interpretativas em duas versões modernas da Bíblia Hebraica. A de linha judaica, conhecida como Bíblia Hebraica da Editora e Livraria Sêfer e a de linha protestante, denominada Nova Bíblia Viva. Palavras-chave: Isaías 53 - Tradução – Tradição Interpretativa – Tradução da Bíblia Hebraica ABSTRACT This research analyzes the influence of tradition in the translation and interpretation of the pericope of Isaiah 52:13-53:12. Initially, this research discusses the theory of Eugene A. Nida, who has been the leading theory in discussions of Bible translation. Along with the analysis of the theory of Nida analyzed also the main discussions on translation of other academic aspects and their use by major religious traditions: Jewish, Catholic and Protestant. Through case studies of specific translation of these various religious currents analyzed the theological influences in the translation of texts such as Isaiah 14:12 in the Protestant tradition, Isaiah 9:5-6 in Jewish tradition. The study addressed the use of paraphrase as a means used by the religious traditions to defend their doctrines in sensitive texts of the Hebrew Bible, as well as the power of the interpretive tradition as interference in the production of translations aligned theological positions of the respective traditions. The research seeks to outline briefly the history of the principles of interpretation of the Christian tradition and rabbinic Judaism. The main versions produced by these interpretive traditions: LXX, Vulgate, Targum and Peshitta were exposed to products of these interpretive traditions and the pericope of Isaiah 52:13-53:12 those old versions and the New Testament, as well as products of the influence of different interpretive traditions of Christianity and rabbinic Judaism. Finally, the work seeks to show how the text of the pericope of Isaiah 52:13-53:12 was treated in the ancient sources of rabbinic Judaism and Christianity and the effects of these two interpretive traditions in modern versions of the Hebrew Bible. The line Jewish Hebrew Bible known as the Publisher and Bookstore Sefer and Protestant line called New Living Bible. Keywords: Isaiah 53 - Translation - Interpretative Tradition - Translation of the Hebrew Bible Tabelas TABELA 1 1 ALFABETO GREGO E TRANSLITERAÇÃO UTILIZADA Forma Forma Maiúscula Nome Transliteração Som Maiúscula Minúscula Manuscrita A a alfa a a B b beta b b g, sempre como em ga, gue, gui, go, G g gama g gu D d delta d d E e épsilon e e Z z dzeta z dz H h eta ê e Q q theta th th, como em inglês think I i iota i i K k kapa k k L l lambda l l M m mü m m N n nü n n X x ksi ks ks O o ómicron ó ó P p pi p p R r rô r r S s j sigma s ss T t tau t t U u üpsilon y ü , como em müller F f fi f f C c chi k r bem forte, como o chet (x) hebraico Y y psi ps ps W w ômega ô ô 1 Adotamos aqui uma transliteração simplificada de acordo com a chamada pronúncia erasmiana. TABELA 2 ALFABETO HEBRAICO / ARAMAICO E TRANSLITERAÇÃO UTILIZADA2 Letra Forma Grafia de Valor Nome Transliteração Som Impressa Cursiva Rashi Numérico a AaA a 1 ‘alef ʾ sem som B b b B 2 beyt, veyt b, v b, v sempre como em ga, gue, gui, g 3 guimel g g g go, gu d d d 4 dalet d d r fraco e sem som no final das h 5 hey h h h palavras w u w 6 waw w v z z z 7 zayn z z x H H 8 ret ḥ r bem forte j ]T T 9 thet ṭ t y y y 10 yud y i kaf, kaf, kaf K k $ 20 k, k, k k, r bem forte k K K k final l l l 30 lamed l l, mesmo no final mem, mem m ~ 40 m m m M M m final nun, nun n ! 50 n n n N N n final s 60 samech s ss x x [ 70 “ayn sem som O [O ʿ pei, fei, fei P p @ 80 p, f, f p, f, f p P P p final tsad, tsad c # 90 ts ts c C c C final q 100 qof q q Qq q r bem fraco como na palavra r 200 reish r r r hora f v S s 300 shin, sin ś š x ou ss t t t 400 tav t t 2 Estamos utilizando uma transliteração simplificada de acordo com a pronúncia sefaradi TABELA 3 SINAIS VOCÁLICOS (OU DIACRÍTICOS) DO HEBRAICO / ARAMAICO BÍBLICO VOGAL QUE SINAL Transliteração NOME REPRESENTA ¤; a a Patach ¤] a á Chataf Patach ¤' a ou o â ou ô Qamats, ou Qamats Qatan ¤e e ou ei e Tsrey ¤, e ê Segol ¤/ e é Chataf segol ¤i i i Chiriq y¤i i î Chiriq gadol ¤o o o Cholam wO¤ o ô Cholam Wav ¤| o ó Chataf Qamets ¤u u u Qubutz W¤ u û Shuruq Resalta o som da ¤. letra ou som de e e Shevá breve 3 3 o shevá inaudível não será transcrito TABELA 4 ALFABETO SIRÍACO JACOBITA (OCIDENTAL) E TRANSLITERAÇÃO UTILIZADA Final ou Final Medial Medial Inicial Nome Transliteração Som ligada Isolada A a# a# A $PFlAX Olaf ‘ sem som B B# b# b t#yEb Bet b, v b, v sempre como em Gomal g G G# g# g LFmXg ga, gue, gui, go, gu D d d D tFlXD Dolat d d r fraco e sem som h h# h# h YEh Hei h no final das palavras v v# v# v vFv Uau w v z z# z# z NyFz Zain z z O O# o# o t#yEo Heth ḥ r bem forte J ~j j J t#yEJ Dteth ṭ t Y Y# y# y Dv#y Iud y i K K# k# k PXk Cof k, k, k k, r bem forte L L# l# l dFmXl Lomad l l, mesmo no final M M# m# m Mym Mim m m N N# n# n Nvn Nun n n S S# s# s tFkmEs Samcat s ss I I# i# i aEi Ee “ sem som P P# p# p aEp Pe p, f, f p, f, f Z Z# Z# Z hEDZ Dsode ts ts Q Q# q# q Pvq Qof q q r bem fraco como Rix r R r r R WyR na palavra hora W W# w# w N#y#w Xin ś š x ou ss T t# t# T vFT Tau t t TABELA 5 ALFABETO SIRÍACO ESTRANGELA E TRANSLITERAÇÃO UTILIZADA Final ou Inicial / Nome Transliteração Som Isolada Medial a alaf ‘ sem som B B Bet b, v b, v sempre como em Gamal g g g ga, gue, gui, go, gu Dalat d d d r fraco e sem som Hei h no final das h palavras w waw w v z Zain z z
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