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Community Source Water Protection Plan for Public Water Systems in Nye County, Nevada November 2012 3.1.6.1 Projected Supply

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Community Source Water Protection Plan for Public Water Systems in Nye County, Nevada November 2012 3.1.6.1 Projected Supply Community Source Water Protection Plan for Public Water Systems in Nye County, Nevada November 2012 3.1.6.1 Projected Supply Required Determining the projected supply required from a new source or sources will greatly aid in determining the possible location of those sources. 3.1.6.2 Protection Areas 3.1.6.2.1 Contaminant Source Inventory A supplemental CSI should be conducted prior to construction of a new well or water source to avoid construction in a contaminated area or an area which may become contaminated within a short time frame. The supplemental CSI should encompass a radius of not less than 3,000 feet in accordance with standard BSDW practices. 3.1.6.2.2 Contaminant Management Strategy Development The preparation of the CSI will facilitate early development of a strategy for managing contaminants in the area of the new source. 3.2 Amargosa Valley 3.2.1 Water Supply Source Inventory and Planning Water sources for PWSs in Amargosa Valley have been summarized in Table 6 (page 35). Ground water serves as the only supply of drinking water for these systems. The development of these water supplies is reviewed in the subsequent sections. Note that although the community of Crystal is just outside the boundaries of the Town of Amargosa Valley, it has been included in this section and is within the same hydrographic basin as Amargosa Valley. 3.2.1.1 Historical Water Sources and Conditions Water use in Amargosa Valley has traditionally been focused on a distributed system of low yield wells, without any large utility-scale water systems. Water development began here with the discovery of borax and other minerals in 1905, and continued to slowly grow until the 195 Os. The arrival of power utilities in the I 960s sparked a major increase in agricultural development; however, domestic growth stayed low until the population explosion of the Las Vegas Valley during the early 1 990s. This resulted in considerable expansion in Amargosa Valley and the construction of many new wells. Because of its many natural springs and seeps, Amargosa Valley has a long history of agricultural use. Native American communities have occupied and farmed the region for thousands of years. Com, squash, beans and sunflowers were grown on the land adjacent to spring pools in Ash Meadows, and irrigated with gravity fed ditches. Once European settlers arrived in the region, they were quick to take advantage of the available water. Agriculture in the region continued to grow until it peaked in the 1 960s and by the 1 97Os, increasing agriculture and development had dramatically decreased the water level of the spring system. Page 34 Community Source Water Protection Plan for Public Water Systems in Nye County, Nevada November 2012 On June 18, 1984, the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge was created to protect several of the regions unique species, which were listed as endangered over the preceding decade. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) responded to the measureable drawdown in Ash Meadows by acquiring water rights for 12,600 AFA of spring discharge over the last two decades to act as a buffer on the ground water system. 3.2.1.2 Current Water Sources and Conditions Amargosa Valley currently has 16 active PWSs. Of these 16, only one is classified as a community water system (C), ten are classified as non-community water systems (NC), and the remaining five systems are non-transient, non-community water systems (NTNC). The majority of the PWSs (11 in total) consist of only one water source, while the remaining five systems consist of two sources. There are currently 21 water sources within the active PWSs in Amargosa Valley, all of which are ground water wells. While the status of most of the wells is currently active, one is listed as inactive, two are abandoned, and one well is listed as an emergency backup as listed in the Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) database. Ground water supplies for three PWSs in Amargosa Valley have been studied by the Wellhead Protection Plan for Nye County Operated Systems in Armargosa Valley which received endorsement from NDEP, and are listed in Table 1. The status of each source (active, backup, etc.) and pumping rates referenced in the WHP Plan has been summarized in Table 6 (page 35). According to the previous WHP plans for these PWSs, there were no documented concerns regarding the quality of the ground water supplying each system. The remaining 13 PWSs do not have a previous WHP plan established, but these systems are subject to federal and State drinking water regulations for water quality. Another State program, the SWAP/VAP, conducted activities related to source water protection for PWSs. The SWAP/VAP reports provide an inventory of the water sources supplying each system and document PCS. The most recent updates to these reports occurred in 2003; however, BSDW completed the field survey in 2011 and is currently in the process of updating the SWAP/VAP reports. Development of this Plan included reviewing all available SWAP/VAP reports, and coordinating with BSDW to ensure the most current data from the SWAP/VAP reports was incorporated into this Plan. According to the NCWRP, ground water rights in 2000 exceed the published perennial yield of 24,000 AFA by 4,600 AFA; however, actual ground water withdrawal was not believed to have exceeded 16,000 AFA. Major users/owners of ground water in the Amargosa Valley are domestic wells, agriculture and federal agencies. The NDWR estimated there were 400 domestic wells in operation within the basin, each drawing approximately one AFA. It can be assumed that most, if not all, domestic wells are paired with a domestic septic system. As of 1998, approximately 12,000 AFA of ground water was being withdrawn to irrigate an area of nearly 3,000 acres of farmland. The FWS own the water rights for 12,573 AFA in the Amargosa Desert, making them the largest single owner of water rights in the basin. These water rights go unused in an effort to constrain ground water withdrawals to a level under the perennial yield of the basin and to stabilize water levels in Ash Meadows. Page 35 Community Source Water Protection Plan for Public Water Systems in Nye County, Nevada November 2012 Table 6. Inventory of Water Sources for Active Public Water Systems in Amargosa Valley Previous WHP Plan Current CSWP Plan Public Water System Source Well Pump Rate Well Pump Rate Max Pump Status (gpm) Status (gpm) Rate (gpm) Amargosa Elementary School Well I Active 5 Active 150 150 Amargosa Amargosa Park N/A N/A Active Park Well 150 150 . Well 1 Active 2.5 Active 2 20 Amargosa Senior Center -———— - Well 2 N/A N/A Inactive N/A Amargosa Town Complex Well 1 Active 5 Active 5 140 Amargosa Valley Resort, Inc. Well 1 N/A N/A Active 3 50 Amargosa Valley VFW Post 6826 Well I N/A N/A Active 7 20 Well I N/A N/A Active 5 10 Ainargosa Water Company ---.--— ——-------.- Well 2 N/A N/A Active 5 10 AVSTP 4PD 4PD N/A N/A Future N/A Main Well N/A N/A Active 1 50 Cherry Patch Love Ranch Backup Well N/A N/A Inactive N/A 50 Crystal Park Nyc County Park Well 1 N/A N/A Active 2 30 Fort Amargosa RV Park Well I N/A N/A Active 60 80 . Well I Main N/A N/A Active 3 100 Horizon Academy Well 2 Fire N/A N/A Inactive 3 100 WeIIIRV N/A N/A Inactive Park 10 70 Longstreet Inn and Casino ..—..--..---.. .-..—... Well 2 Hotel N/A N/A Active 10 70 Mabel’s Far East Bar Well 1 N/A N/A Active 2 50 NDOT Lathrop Wells Roadside Park RP8OINY Well 1 N/A N/A Active 1 80 Patch of Heaven Well 1 N/A N/A Active N/A 50 Short Branch Well 1 N/A N/A Active 7 50 3.2.1.3 Future Water Sources and Conditions Additional withdrawals from the ground water system will be required to provide for future increases in agricultural production and predicted population growth in the basin. Were lands already privately owned and up for disposal by the BLM to be fully developed, the total demand could increase to as much as 28,000 AFA. Ground water withdrawals for agricultural purposes are expected to increase as well but should be no more than 15,000 AFA, or a 50 percent increase over current demand by 2050. Taken together, the total projected demand for quasi-municipal and agricultural purposes is 43,000 AFA, well above the published perennial yield for the basin. These estimates emphasize the need to maintain and protect existing drinking water resources. Existing water sources are considered adequate for the anticipated growth over the next 50 years; however, ground water withdrawals of this magnitude will not be possible unless the NDWR. establishes a higher perennial yield or additional water can be imported into the basin. Nye County has recently begun an evapotranspiration study in Amargosa Valley, which may result in a revaluation of the perennial yield. Page 36 Community Source Water Protection Plan for Public Water Systems in Nye County, Nevada November 2012 There is considerable current interest in Amargosa Valley for solar energy development, including the filing of numerous right-of-way applications with the BLM for solar development. Solar Millennium was granted a BLM right-of-way on 4,350 acres in Amargosa Valley in 2010.
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