SEAFO SCR Doc 01/2009 SPECIES PROFILE PROPOSAL for THE

SEAFO SCR Doc 01/2009

SPECIES PROFILE PROPOSAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC BODIES OF SEAFO

L.J. López-Abellán (1) , I. Figueiredo (2) and R. Sarralde (1)

(1) Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Avda. Tres de Mayo nº 73, 38005 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España; (2) Instituto de Investigação das Pescas e do Mar (IPIMAR - INRB),Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal

This paper has been presented for consideration by SEAFO and may contain unpublished data, analyses, and/or conclusions subject to change. Data in this paper shall not be cited or used for purposes other than the work of the SEAFO Commission, Scientific Committee or their subsidiary bodies without the permission of the originators and/or owners of the data.

SPECIES PROFILE PROPOSAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC BODIES OF SEAFO

L.J. López-Abellán (1) , I. Figueiredo (2) and R. Sarralde (1)

BACKGROUND

Some regional organisations similar to SEAFO have promoted and adopted the creation of templates for compiling and summarising the best information about fisheries and species within their management areas (e.g. CCAMLR, SPRFMO). The aim of this species profile is to compile in a living document the current best available information about: i) the biology, ecology and population dynamics of the main species; ii) fisheries data; iii) facts or events affecting both the species and their environment; and iv) the evolution of their fisheries in the regional management area. This system would provide an easy and efficient form to update and consult the key information related to the target species that could be used in assessment models, management advice and ecosystem modelling.

Thus, each organisation has decided its own model to develop such idea. Following the original model of standard template adopted by the South Pacific Regional Management Fisheries Organisation (SPRFMO), after several arrangements and simplifications, this paper presents a proposal to be analysed within the subsidiaries body’s of SEAFO in order to consider its suitability and the possibility of adoption. This proposal includes a species profile template (Annex I) which contains explanatory text to help to complete it, and two incomplete species profiles (Annex II) as an example of what we are proposing.

ANNEX I - SPECIES PROFILE TEMPLATE

Species Profile

SEAFO South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation

DRAFT (Updated: dd/mm/yy )

Another situation of the sections Sec tion to be developed …. Section to be completed…. No information available No estimates available None known

1. Taxomony

Phylum Subphylum Superclass Class Subclass Infraclass Superorder Order Suborder Family Genus Species Synonyms

Common name

Species FAO-ASFIS species 3A_CODE code

2. Species characteristics

2.1 Distribution

- Global and within South East Atlantic divisions and subdivisions . - Identification of potential straddling stocks. - Seasonal changes in the species distribution.

2.2 Habitat

- General description of the ocean region where the species inhabits. - General description of the sea bottom which the species is related to.

2.3 Biological characteristics

- Morphology, growth, longevity, natural mortality, fecundity, maturity, spawning season, food consumption and other life history characteristics ….

2.4 Population structure

- General description of maximum size and weight, size structure, sex-ratio ….

4 - Identification of potential spatial structure changes.

2.5 Behavior and associated species

- Aggregations, migrations, trophic level…. - Main species associated to the target species.

2.6 Resilience / productivity

- Classification of fish population or species in relation to its resilience or productivity following Musick (1999) criteria:

Parameter High Medium Low Very low Vulnerability threshold 0.99 0.95 0.85 0.70 rmax (1/year) >0.5 0.16-0.50 0.05-0.15 <0.05 k(1/year) >0.3 0.16-0.30 0.05-0.15 <0.05 Fecundity(1/year) >10 000 100-1000 10-100 <10 tm(years) <1 2-4 5-10 >10 tmax (years) 1-3 4-10 11-30 >30

2.7 Intrinsic vulnerability

- Classification of the species vulnerability following Cheung et al (2005; 2007) criteria.

Please note:

- Effective conserv ation of threatened species requires timely identification of vulnerable species. Based on life history and ecological characteristics several authors (Cheung et al., 2005, 2007) presented a fuzzy expert system to estimate vulnerability to fishing, in which, four linguistic categories referring to the levels of intrinsic vulnerability: (1) very high vulnerability to extinction; (2) high vulnerability; (3) moderate vulnerability; and (4) low vulnerability are established.

3. Fisheries

3.1 Fleets

- Description of fleets targeting the species and the fishing methods used.

3.2 Historical catch and effort data

- Catch and effort review. - Differentiation should be made between data coming from data-mining from those obtained with the new SEAFO protocols.

3.3 Fishing activities

- Description (temporal and spatial) of the current and past fishing activities taking place. - Consider here the yearly evolution of the fishing activities/operations in the area (e.g. by fleets, target resource, etc…).

3.4 Stock size

5 - Estimates of relative or absolute biomass.

3.5 Biological reference points

- Estimates of relevant reference points based on fishing mortality (F); biomass (B); and others. (see http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/X8498E/x8498e0c.htm).

3.6 Fishery status and trends

- Determination of the fishery status and trends in relation to relevant biological reference points.

3.7 Stock status

- Estimation of the actual stock status

Please note the FAO scale:

- Current degree of exploitation of the stock, based on the following scale (FAO):

? (or blank) = Not known or uncertain. Not much information is available to make a judgment;

U = Underexploited, undeveloped or new fishery. Believed to have a significant potential for expansion in total production;

M = Moderately exploited, exploited with a low level of fishing effort. Believed to have some limited potential for expansion in total production;

F = Fully exploited. The fishery is operating at or close to an optimal yield level, with no expected room for further expansion; O = Overexploited. The fishery is being exploited at above a level which is believed to be sustainable in the long term, with no potential room for further expansion and a higher risk of stock depletion/collapse;

D = Depleted. Catches are well below historical levels, irrespective of the amount of fishing effort exerted;

R = Recovering. Catches are again increasing after having been depleted or a collapse from a previous high.

4. Impact of Fishing

4.1 Incidental catch

- Assessment of incidental catch of seabird, mammals, reptiles and protected fish species, in the fishing action targeting this species using pertinent observations. - Fishing impact has to be described by gears.

4.2 Habitat impact assessment

- Assessment of habitat impact, in the action of fishing the species using pertinent observations. - Fishing impact has to be described by gears.

4.3 By-catch and discards

6 - Targeting studies on that matter should be referenced and also the results and conclusions. - Also analysis based on scientific observations should be used.

5. Management

5.1 Regulation measures

- List of existing regulations measures adopted in relation to the stock.

5.2 Comprehensible fishery management

- Detailed description on how the management measures are affecting the status of the stock. - Reflect when other aspects (exogenous factors, e.g. climate) that might contribute for changes on stock status are also considered.

5.3 Ecosystem-based vision

- Trophic and associative implications should be considered. - Adaptative techniques and practices to reduce non-desirable impacts should be considered.

6. Research

6.1 Past and current research activities

- Short description of target fisheries research, and research on resources and ecosystem conservation.

6.2 Further research proposal

- Research priorities and how to implement them.

7. Other remarks

8. References

Cheung W.W.L. , T.J. Pitcher, D. Pauly (2005). A fuzzy logic expert system to estimate intrinsic extinction vulnerability of marine fishes to fishing. Biological Conservation 124: 97-111.

Cheung W.W.L. , R. Watson, T. Morato, T.J. Pitcher and D. Pauly (2007). Intrinsic vulnerability in the global fish catch. Marine Ecology Progress Series 333: 1-12.

Musick, J.A. 1999. Criteria to define extinction risk in marine fishes. Fisheries 24(12): 6-14.

ANNEX II - SPECIES PROFILE

Beryx splendens Species Profile

SEAFO South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation

DRAFT (Updated: 21 September 2009) DRAFT Beryx splendens species profile

Another situation of the sections Section to be developed …. Section to be completed…. No information available No estimates available None known

1. Taxomony

Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Superclass Osteichthyes Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Superorder Acanthopterygii Order Beryciformes Suborder Berycoidei Family Berycidae Genus Beryx Cuvier, 1829 Species Beryx splendens Lowe, 1834 Synonyms None known

Common Alfonsiño (Sp) name Alfonsino (En) Slender alfonsino (En) Splendid alfonsino (En) Alfonsim/Imperador da costa estreita (Po) Béryx long (Fr)

Species BYS Beryx splendens code ALF Beryx spp. BRX Berycidae

2 DRAFT Beryx splendens species profile

2. Species characteristics

2.1 Distribution

The Berycidae Beryx splendens Lowe, 1834, commonly called alfonsino, is a circumglobal benthopelagic species that inhabits the outer shelf and slope between 25 and 1300 m depth. However, its distribution excludes the north-eastern Pacific and the Mediterranean Sea (Paxton, 1999).

The geographical distribution in the Southeast Atlantic Ocean is roughly represented in figure 1. Although its presence around Tristan da Cunha has been referenced the southern limit of distribution would be placed between 35ºS and 40ºS.

SEAFO

20° 18° 16° 14° 12° 10° 8° 6° 4° 2° 0° 2° 4° 6° 8° 10° 12° 14° 16° 18° 20° 22° 24° 26° 28° 30° 0° 0°

2° 2°

4° 4°

6° 6° Ascension (Is.) 8° 8°

10° 10° ANGOLA 12° A1 12° 14° 14°

16° 16° Saint Helena (Is.) 18° A 18°

20° 20° NAMIBIA 22° B1 22° 24° Ewing 24° B Valdivia 26° Bank 26°

e 28° g 28° id S. AFRICA R 30° is 30° lv a Vema 32° C W 32° 34° C1 34° Tristan Wust 36° da Cunha (Is.) 36° 38° 38° RSA 40° 40° Discovery Gough (Is.) Richardson 42° D 42° 44° 44° 46° D1 46° 48° 48° Meteor 50° 50° 20° 18° 16° 14° 12° 10° 8° 6° 4° 2° 0° 2° 4° 6° 8° 10° 12° 14° 16° 18° 20° 22° 24° 26° 28° 30°

Area where Beryx splendens presence may be expected.

Possible ocurence of Beryx splendens

Figure 1 .- Geographical distribution of B. splendens in the SEAFO region and adjacent waters.

3 DRAFT Beryx splendens species profile

2.2 Habitat

This species could also be considered as a representative species of seamounts and underwater ridges.

Adults inhabit the more steeply hard bottoms up to 1000 metres depth on the seamounts and underwater ridges in the open ocean, as well as, the outer shelf (180 m) and the slope to at least 1,300 m depth close to the continent. Eggs, larvae and juveniles are pelagic.

Northeast Walvis Ridge Valdivia Bank Filippov seamount Vema seamount Wust seamount

2.3 Biological characteristics

Morphology, growth, longevity, natural mortality, fecundity, maturity, spawning season, food consumption and other life history characteristics ….

Section to be completed…

The growth parameters from different geographical regions are summarized in table 1: the Atlantic Ocean (De León and Malkov 1979; Isarev 1991; Isidro 1996; Krug et al. 1998; Anibal et al. 1998; and Rico et al. 2001; López Abellán et al ., 2007), the Pacific Ocean (Ikenouye and Masuzawa 1968; Ikenouye 1969; Masuzawa et al. 1975; Shibata 1983; Massey and Horn 1990; Lehodey and Grandperrin 1996a; and Adachi et al. 2000), and the Indian Ocean (Kotlyar 1987; Santamaría et al ., 2006).

Table 1. Growth parameters of B. splendens from different geographical regions. Table modified from López- Abellán et al . (2007) .

Area Sex k L∞ to Reference

New Year Rise Both sexes 0.209 44.8 -0.89 De León & Malkov (1979) Angular Rise Both sexes 0.170 48.5 -2.63 De León & Malkov (1979) Vavilov Ridge Both sexes 0.112 48.6 -2.63 Isarev (1991) Azores Both sexes 0.083 56.7 -3.51 Isidro (1996) Azores Both sexes 0.111 50.0 -2.81 Isidro (1996) * Azores Both sexes 0.114 50.8 -3.58 Krug et al. (1998) Azores Males 0.085 53.7 -4.02 Anibal et al. (1998) Azores Females 0.133 45.3 -2.74 Anibal et al. (1998) Azores Both sexes 0.120 46.1 -3.18 Anibal et al. (1998)

Atlantic Ocean Ocean Atlantic Azores Both sexes 0.170 43.1 -2.80 Rico et al . (2001) Madeira Both sexes 0.060 58.7 -5.71 Rico et al . (2001) Canary Islands Both sexes 0.150 44.5 -3.41 Rico et al . (2001) Gulf of Guinea Males 0,142 42,1 -1,98 López Abellán et al . (2007) Gulf of Guinea Females 0,077 52,6 -3,82 López Abellán et al . (2007) Gulf of Guinea Both sexes 0,097 48,0 -3,09 López Abellán et al . (2007) Japan (Sagami Bay) Both sexes 0.505 33.7 - Ikenouye & Masuzawa (1968) Japan (Sagami Bay) Both sexes 0.457 34.8 - Ikenouye & Masuzawa (1968) Japan (Sagami Bay) Both sexes 0.439 37.8 0.40 Ikenouye (1969) Japan (Sagami Bay) Both sexes 0.323 45.8 -0.22 Masuzawa et al. (1975) Pacific Ocean Ocean Pacific Japan (Zunan Sea) Both sexes 0.181 54.4 -0.08 Masuzawa et al. (1975)

4 DRAFT Beryx splendens species profile

Japan (Chiba) Both sexes 0.137 65.6 -1.05 Shibata (1983) Japan (Izu Islands) Males 0.132 44.4 -3.45 Adachi et al. (2000) Japan (Izu Islands) Females 0.150 45.0 -2.08 Adachi et al. (2000) New Zealand (Palliser Bank) Males 0.110 51.1 -3.56 Massey & Horn (1990) New Zealand (Palliser Bank) Males 0.116 49.6 -3.67 Massey & Horn (1990) * New Zealand (Palliser Bank) Females 0.088 57.5 -4.10 Massey & Horn (1990) New Zealand (Palliser Bank) Females 0.087 57.9 -4.17 Massey & Horn (1990) * New Zealand (Tuaheni High) Males 0.093 54.9 -4.30 Massey & Horn (1990) New Zealand (Tuaheni High) Females 0.042 76.3 -8.25 Massey & Horn (1990) New Zealand (Paoanui Ridge) Males 0.144 49.1 -1.81 Massey & Horn (1990) New Caledonia (Norfolk-Loyalty) Males 0.146 45.2 -2.34 Lehodey & Grandperrin (1996) New Caledonia (Norfolk-Loyalty) Females 0.134 50.8 -2.00 Lehodey & Grandperrin (1996) New Caledonia (Norfolk-Loyalty) Both sexes 0.119 51.3 -2.51 Lehodey & Grandperrin (1996) South-West Indian Ocean (Walters Shoals & Sapmer Seamount) Males 0.099 49.1 -4.11 Santamaría et al . (2006) South-West Indian Ocean (Walters Shoals & Sapmer Seamount Females 0.081 57.1 -4.16 Santamaría et al . (2006)

Indian Ocean Indian Ocean South-West Indian Ocean (Walters Shoals & Sapmer Seamount Both sexes 0.085 53.5 -4.33 Santamaría et al . (2006) (*) Back-calculation

This species mainly feeds on small fishes, crustaceans and cephalopods. Variation in the diet of B. splendens is related to its length, seasonal variations which depend of the prey abundance, and variations in the depth distribution of predator and prey (Dürr and González, 2003).

2.4 Population structure

- General description of size structure, sex-ratio …. - Identification of potential spatial structure changes. Section to be developed….

2.5 Behavior and associated species

- Aggregations, migrations, trophic level…. - Main species associated to the target species.

Section to be completed….

This species aggregates at the summit of the seamounts and has nictemeral migrations.

Associated species: Pseudopentaceros richardsoni Beryx decadactylus Epigonus telescopus Helicolenus mouchezi Hyperoglyphe antartica Schedophilus velaini Mora moro Polyprion americanus

5 DRAFT Beryx splendens species profile

2.6 Resilience / productivity

Low

(k=0.08-0.18; tm=5-7.5; tmax =23; Fecundity = 270,000)

(Froese and Pauly, 2009 – FishBase)

2.7 Intrinsic vulnerability

High vulnerability (58 of 100)

3. Fisheries

3.1 Fleets

- Description of fleets targeting the species and the fishing methods used. Section to be developed….

3.2 Historical catch and effort data

- Catch and effort review. - Differentiation should be made between data coming from data-mining from those obtained with the new SEAFO protocols. Section to be developed….

3.3 Fishing activities

3.4 Stock size

No estimates available

3.5 Biological reference points

No estimates available

3.6 Fishery status and trends

- Determination of the fishery status and trends in relation to relevant biological reference points.

None known

6 DRAFT Beryx splendens species profile

3.7 Stock status

None known

4. Impact of Fishing

4.1 Incidental catch

4.2 Habitat impact assessment

- Assessment of habitat impact, in the action of fishing this species using pertinent observations. - Fishing impact has to be described by gears. Section to be developed….

4.3 By-catch and discards

- Targeting studies on that matter should be referenced and also the results and conclusions. - Also analysis based on scientific observations should be used. Section to be developed….

5. Management

5.1 Regulation measures

- List of existing regulations measures adopted in relation to the stock. Section to be developed….

5.2 Comprehensible fishery management

5.3 Ecosystem-based vision

- Trophic and associative implications should be considered. - Adaptative techniques and practices to reduce non-desirable impacts should be considered. Section to be developed….

6. Research

7 DRAFT Beryx splendens species profile

6.1 Past and current research activities

- Short description of target fisheries research, and research on resources and ecosystem conservation. Section to be developed….

6.2 Further research proposal

- Research priorities and how to implement them. Section to be developed….

7. Other remarks

Section to be developed….

8. References

Adachi, K., K. Takagi, E. Tanaka, S. Yamada and T. Kitakado (2000). Age and growth of alfonsino Beryx splendens in the waters around the Izu Islands. Fishery Science 66: 232-240.

Anibal, J., E. Esteve, H. Krug and H. Marques (1998). Age and growth in the Alfonsino, Beryx splendens (Berycidae) from the Azores (central eastern Atlantic). Ital. J. Zool. 65 Suppl.: 215- 218.

Cheung W.W.L. , T.J. Pitcher and D. Pauly (2005). A fuzzy logic expert system to estimate intrinsic extinction vulnerability of marine fishes to fishing. Biological Conservation 124: 97-111.

Cheung W.W.L. , R. Watson, T. Morato, T.J. Pitcher and D. Pauly (2007). Intrinsic vulnerability in the global fish catch. Marine Ecology Progress Series 333: 1-12.

Dürr, J. and J.A. González (2002). Feeding habits of Beryx splendens and Beryx decadactylus (Berycidae) off the Canary Islands. Fisheries Research , 54(3): 363 - 374.

Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors (2009). FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, version (07/2009).

Galaktionov, G. Z. (1984). Features of the schooling behaviour of the alfonsino Beryx splendens (Berycidae), in the thalassobathyl depths of the Atlantic Ocean. J. Ichthyol. (USSR) 24: 148- 151.

Ikenouye, H. (1969). Age determination by otolith of a Japanese alfonsino, Beryx splendens, with special reference to growth. J. Tokyo Univ. Fish. 55: 91-98.

Ikenouye, H. and H. Masuzawa (1968). An estimation on parameters of growth equation basing on the results of tagging experiments of the Japanese Alfonsino fish. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish. 34 (2): 97-102. (En japonés, con resumen en ingles.)

Isarev, A. T. (1991). Age determination technique for the alfonsino ( Beryx splendens Lowe) from the Vavilov Ridge area. En: Biological resources of the Thalassobathyal world ocean . A. S. Grechina (ed.): 97-110. Moscú.

Isidro, E. (1996). Biology and population dynamics of selected demersal fish species of the Azores Archipelago . Tesis doctoral en Filosofía. Universidad de Liverpool. Liverpool, Inglaterra: 248 pp. + Apéndice.

Krug, H., D. Rosa, G. Menezes and M. Pinho (1998). Age and growth of some demersal species of the Azores. ICES C.M. 1998/O:84 (póster).

8 DRAFT Beryx splendens species profile

Lehodey, P. and R. Grandperrin (1996). Age and growth of the alfonsino Beryx splendens over the seamounts off New Caledonia. Mar. Biol. 125: 249-258.

León, M. E. de and A. Malkov (1979). Estudio preliminar de la edad y crecimiento del Beryx splendens , Lowe del Atlántico Centro-Occidental. Rev. Cubana Invest. Pesq. 4 (4): 62-73.

López Abellán, L.J., M. T. G. Santamaría and E. Román (2007). Estudio comparado del crecimiento del alfonsiño Beryx splendens Lowe, 1834 de las montañas submarinas del golfo de Guinea y del océano Índico suroccidental. Bol. Inst. Esp. Oceanogr. 23 (1-4): 33-44.

Lehodey, P., R. Grandperrin and P. Marchal (1997). Reproductive biology and ecology of a deep-demersal fish, Alfonsino Beryx splendens, over the seamounts off New-Caledonia. Mar. Biol. 128: 17-27.

Massey, B. R. and P. L. Horn (1990). Growth and age structure of alfonsino ( Beryx splendens ) from the lower east coast, North Island, New Zealand. NZ J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 24: 121-136.

Masuzawa, T., Y. Kurata and K. Onishi (1975). Results of group study on population of demersal fishes in water from Sagami Bay to southern Izu Islands. Population ecology of Japanese alfonsino and other demersal fishes. Jap. Aqu. Res. Cons. Ass. Fish. Res. 28: 105 pp. (En japonés, traducción a ingles de Fisheries Research Centre Library. Wellingtong.)

Musick, J.A. (1999). Criteria to define extinction risk in marine fishes. Fisheries 24(12): 6-14.

Paxton, J. R. (1999). Berycidae. En: FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources ofthe Western Central Pacific. Bony Fishes. Mugilidae to Carangidae . K. E. Carpenter and V. H. Niem (eds.) 4 (2): 2218-2224. FAO. Roma.

Rico, V., J. M. Lorenzo, J. A. González, H. M. Krug, A. Mendoça, E. Gouveia and M. Alfonso Dias (2001). Age and growth of the alfonsino Beryx splendens Lowe, 1834 from the Macaronesian archipelagos. Fish. Res. (Amst.) 49: 233-240.

Santamaría, M. T. G., L. J. López Abellán and J. F. González (2006). Growth of alfonsino Beryx splendens Lowe 1834 in the South-West Indian Ocean. African Journal of Marine Sciences 28 (1): 33-40.

Shibata, K. (1983). Studies on Japanese Alfonsino in the coast of Chiba. I. Age and growth. Bull. Chiba Pref. Fishery Exp. Sta. 41: 55-57. (En japonés.)

Pseudopentaceros richardsoni Species Profile

SEAFO South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation

DRAFT (Updated: 21 September 2009)

DRAFT Pseudopentaceros richardsoni species profile

Another situation of the sections Section to be developed …. Section to be completed…. No information available No estimates available None known

1. Taxomony

Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Superclass Osteichthyes Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Superorder Acanthopterygii Order Perciformes Suborder Percoidei Family Pentacerotidae Genus Pseudopentaceros Bleeker, 1876 Species Pseudopentaceros Richardson ( Smith, 1844) Synonyms Pentaceros richardsoni

Common Pelagic armourhead (En) name Southern boardfish (En) Tête casquée pélagique (Fr) Pez jabalí (Sp)

Species EDR Pseudopentaceros richardsoni code EDW Pseudopentaceros spp.

2 DRAFT Pseudopentaceros richardsoni species profile

2. Species characteristics

2.1 Distribution

The Pentacerotidae Pseudopentaceros richardsoni (Smith 1844), commonly known as pelagic armourhead or southern boarfish, is a southern circumglobal, benthopelagic species inhabiting the waters over the outer shelf and slope (100-1000 m) between 0 and 1 000 meters depth. The species also inhabits seamounts and underwater ridges. Thus, P. richardsoni is located in the Southeast Atlantic (Tristan de Cunha, Walvis Ridge and South Africa); the Western Indian Ocean (South Africa and seamounts south of Madagascar) and the South Pacific (southern Australia, New Zealand and Cape Horn (Chile)).

The geographical distribution in the Southeast Atlantic Ocean is roughly represented in figure 1. The area would be located between 20ºS and 40ºS.

SEAFO

20° 18° 16° 14° 12° 10° 8° 6° 4° 2° 0° 2° 4° 6° 8° 10° 12° 14° 16° 18° 20° 22° 24° 26° 28° 30° 0° 0°

2° 2°

4° 4°

6° 6° Ascension (Is.) 8° 8°

10° 10° ANGOLA 12° A1 12° 14° 14°

16° 16° Saint Helena (Is.) 18° A 18°

20° 20° NAMIBIA 22° B1 22° 24° Ewing 24° B Valdivia 26° Bank 26°

Area where Pseudopentaceros richardsoni presence may be expected.

Figure 1 .- Geographical distribution of P.richardsoni in the SEAFO region and adjacent waters.

3 DRAFT Pseudopentaceros richardsoni species profile

2.2 Habitat

Adults inhabit the steep and flat hard bottoms up to 800 metres depth on the seamounts and underwater ridges in the open ocean. Eggs, larvae and juveniles are pelagic.

Northeast Walvis Ridge Valdivia Bank Filippov seamount Vema seamount Wust seamount

2.3 Biological characteristics

- Morphology, growth, longevity, natural mortality, fecundity, maturity, spawning season, food consumption and other life history characteristics ….

Section to be completed…

Studies on this species are scarce and mainly related to distribution and species description (Borets 1980; Kotlyar 1882; Hardy 1983; Heemstra 1986; Humphreys and Tagami 1986; Parin 1992; Mundy and Moser 1997). Literature available also reflects taxonomic ploblems, initially, only one species (Pentaceros richardsoni ) was considered, instead of the three current species. Studies on the other two species (Pseudopentaceros pectoralis and Pseudopentaceros wheeleri ), distributed in the North Pacific, have been more frequent.

Table 1. Growth parameters of P. richardsoni from the Southwest Indian Ocean .

Area Sex k L∞ to Reference Southwest Indian Ocean Both sexes 0.27 65.1 -0.34 López-Abellán et al . (2008)(*) (Walters Shoals & Sapmer Seamount (*) Back-calculation

2.4 Population structure

- General description of size structure, sex-ratio …. - Identification of potential spatial structure changes. Section to be developed….

2.5 Behavior and associated species

- Aggregations, migrations, trophic level…. - Main species associated to the target species.

Section to be completed….

This species recruit at the summit of the seamounts after approximately 4 years of pelagic life and aggregates.

Associated species: Helicolenus mouchezi

4 DRAFT Pseudopentaceros richardsoni species profile

Beryx splendens Beryx decadactylus Epigonus telescopus Hyperoglyphe antartica Schedophilus velaini Mora moro

2.6 Resilience / productivity

Medium

(k=0.27; tm=4; tmax =14)

(Froese and Pauly, 2009 – FishBase) and data from López-Abellán et al . (2008)

2.7 Intrinsic vulnerability

Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100)

3. Fisheries

3.1 Fleets

- Description of fleets targeting the species and the fishing methods used. Section to be developed….

3.2 Historical catch and effort data

- Catch and effort review. - Differentiation should be made between data coming from data-mining from those obtained with the new SEAFO protocols. Section to be developed….

3.3 Fishing activities

3.4 Stock size

No estimates available

3.5 Biological reference points

No estimates available

5 DRAFT Pseudopentaceros richardsoni species profile

3.6 Fishery status and trends

- Determination of the fishery status and trends in relation to relevant biological reference points.

3.7 Stock status

None known

4. Impact of Fishing

4.1 Incidental catch

4.2 Habitat impact assessment

- Assessment of habitat impact, in the action of fishing this species using pertinent observations. - Fishing impact has to be described by gears. Section to be developed….

4.3 By-catch and discards

- Targeting studies on that matter should be referenced and also the results and conclusions. - Also analysis based on scientific observations should be used. Section to be developed….

5. Management

5.1 Regulation measures

- List of existing regulations measures adopted in relation to the stock. Section to be developed….

5.2 Comprehensible fishery management

5.3 Ecosystem-based vision

- Trophic and associative implications should be considered. - Adaptative techniques and practices to reduce non-desirable impacts should be considered. Section to be developed….

6 DRAFT Pseudopentaceros richardsoni species profile

6. Research

6.1 Past and current research activities

- Short description of target fisheries research, and research on resources and ecosystem conservation. Section to be developed….

6.2 Further research proposal

- Research priorities and how to implement them. Section to be developed….

7. Other remarks

Section to be developed….

8. References

Borets, L.A. (1980). The distribution and structure of the range of the boarfish Pentaceros richardsoni . Ibid 20 (3): 141-143.

Cheung W.W.L. , T.J. Pitcher, D. Pauly (2005). A fuzzy logic expert system to estimate intrinsic extinction vulnerability of marine fishes to fishing. Biological Conservation 124: 97-111.

Cheung W.W.L. , R. Watson, T. Morato, T.J. Pitcher and D. Pauly (2007). Intrinsic vulnerability in the global fish catch. Marine Ecology Progress Series 333: 1-12.

Heemstra, P.C. (1986). Pentacerotidae. In ‘Smiths = sea fishes’. (Eds Smith and Heemstra) pp. 622-623. (Springer-Verlag. Berlin).

Humphreys, R.L. (Jr), and Tagami, D.T. (1986). Review and current status of research on the biology and ecology of the genus Pseudopentaceros . In ‘Environment and resources of seamounts in the North Pacific’. (Eds Uchida et al .) pp. 55-62. (NOAA Technical Report NMFS 43).

Hardy, G.S. (1983). A revision of the fishes of the family Pentacerotidae (Perciformes). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 10: 177-220.

Kotlyar, A.N. (1982). First finding of Parazen pacificus Kamohara (Zeidae) and Pentaceros richardsoni Smith (Pentacerotidae) in the Indian Ocean. (In Russian) Bull. Mosk O-Va Ispyt Prir Otd Biol 87(3): 34-36.

López-Abellán, L.J., M.T.G. Santamaría and J.F. González (2008). Approach to ageing and growth back-calculation base don the otolith of the southern boardfish Pseudopentaceros richardsoni (Smith, 1844) from the south-west Indian Ocean seamounts. Marine and freshwater Research 59: 269-278.

Mundy, B.C., and Moser, H.G. (1997). Development of early stages of pelagic armorhead Pseudopentaceros wheeleri with notes on juvenile Ps. richardsoni and larval Histiopterus typus (Piscis, Percoidei, Pentacerotidae). Bulletin of Marine Science 61(2): 241-269.

Musick, J.A. 1999. Criteria to define extinction risk in marine fishes. Fisheries 24(12): 6-14.

Parin, N.V. (1992). The Southern boarfish, Pseudopentaceros richardsoni (Pentacerotidae), in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean. Voprosy ikhtiologii 32 (4): 150-151.