DOCSLIB.ORG

Nisqually Reach Aquatic Reserve Management Plan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nisqually Reach Aquatic Reserve Management Plan S E Nisqually Reach U R U C Aquatic Reserve Management Plan September 2011 E O S R A L U R U A T N Acknowledgements Nisqually Reach Aquatic Reserve Advisory Committee, 2010 Betty Bookheim, Natural Resource Scientist Washington State Department of Natural Bill Dewey, Shellfish Industry Representative Resources Carol Paschal, Anderson Island Peter Goldmark, Commissioner of Public Lands Daniel Hull, Nisqually Reach Nature Center Bridget Moran, Deputy Supervisor, Aquatic Lands Doug Myers, Nisqually Reach Nature Center Eric Kraig, Beachcrest Community Association Shoreline District Jerry Johannes, Anderson Island Derrick Toba, Assistant Division Manager Michael Kyte, Nisqually Indian Tribe Aquatic Resources Division Kyle Murphy, Aquatic Reserves Program Manager Kristin Swenddal, Division Manager Marian Bailey, Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge Michal Rechner, Assistant Division Manager Rich Doenges, Thurston County David Palazzi, Planning Unit Supervisor Michael Grilliot, Environmental Planner Kyle Murphy, Aquatic Reserves Program Manager Robert Pacunski, Washington State Department of Fish Betty Bookheim, Natural Resource Scientist and Wildlife Michael Grilliot, Environmental Planner Roma Call, Puget Sound Partnership Scott Steltzner, Squaxin Island Tribe GIS and Mapping Tom Kantz, Pierce County Lead Entity Coordinator Mac McKay, Cartography Michael Grilliot, Environmental Planner Communications Copies of this report may be obtained from the Abbey Corzine, DNR Communications Washington State Department of Natural Resources Aquatic Reserves Program or copied from the web Principal Authors page. Copies may also be obtained by contacting: Kyle Murphy, Aquatic Reserves Program Manager Aquatic Reserves Program Manager Betty Bookheim, Natural Resource Scientist Phone: 360-902-1100 Doug Myers, President, Nisqually Reach Nature Center E-mail: [email protected] Daniel Hull, Executive Director, Nisqually Reach Nature Web: www.dnr.wa.gov Center Those needing this information in an alternative Elizabeth Ellis, Environmental Planner, CEP format, please call TTY-711 Michael Grilliot, Environmental Planner Cover photo provided by Daniel Hull, Nisqually Reach Nature Center Aquatic Reserves Technical Advisory Committee, 2009 Brie Van Cleve, Nearshore and Ocean Policy Analyst, Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife Dr. Alison Styring, Professor of Biological Sciences, The Evergreen State College Dr. Joanna Smith, Marine Ecologist, The Nature Conservancy John Floberg, Vice President of Stewardship and Conservation Planning, Cascade Land Conservancy Phil Bloch, Biologist, Washington State Department of Transportation Nisqually Reach Environmental, Scientific & Educational Aquatic Reserve Management Plan September 2011 Washington State Department of Natural Resources Aquatic Resources Division Table of Contents 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ 1 2. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 3 I. WASHINGTON’S DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES.................................................. 3 II. AQUATIC RESERVES PROGRAM ......................................................................................... 3 III. NISQUALLY REACH AQUATIC RESERVE BOUNDARY .......................................................... 5 IV. PURPOSE OF THE NISQUALLY REACH AQUATIC RESERVE MANAGEMENT PLAN ................ 6 V. RELATIONSHIP TO FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, AND TRIBAL MANAGEMENT ......................... 7 VI. NISQUALLY REACH AREA OWNERSHIP ............................................................................ 15 3. NISQUALLY REACH AQUATIC RESERVE .................................................................................. 19 I. SITE CHARACTERIZATION................................................................................................. 19 II. CURRENT CONDITIONS ..................................................................................................... 37 III. POTENTIAL FUTURE IMPACTS........................................................................................... 43 IV. ARCHEOLOGICAL, CULTURAL AND HISTORIC RESOURCES .............................................. 50 4. MANAGEMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES .............................................................................. 53 I. DESIRED FUTURE CONDITIONS .......................................................................................... 53 5. MANAGEMENT ACTIONS ...................................................................................................... 59 I. RESOURCE PROTECTION, ENHANCEMENT, AND RESTORATION ........................................ 60 II. RESEARCH AND MONITORING .......................................................................................... 63 III. ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION .......................................................................................... 67 IV. USES ON STATE-OWNED AQUATIC LAND ......................................................................... 69 V. OTHER USES .................................................................................................................... 72 6. IMPLEMENTATION GUIDANCE .............................................................................................. 73 7. GLOSSARY ............................................................................................................................. 74 8. REFERENCE LITERATURE ....................................................................................................... 85 APPENDIX A – OBSERVED SPECIES LISTS ................................................................................... 94 APPENDIX B – MAPS AND FIGURES......................................................................................... 108 APPENDIX C – LEGAL DESCRIPTION OF NISQUALLY REACH AQUATIC RESERVE ....................... 133 APPENDIX D – LIST OF EXISTING USE AUTHORIZATIONS WITHIN THE RESERVE BOUNDARY ... 140 Nisqually Reach Aquatic Reserve Management Plan i Figures and Tables Figure 1: Nisqually Reach Aquatic Reserve and Vicinity .............................................. iv Figure 2: DNR Aquatic Reserves .................................................................................... 4 Figure 3: Nisqually Reach General Ownership and Encumbrance Type ..................... 16 Figure 4: Regional water masses and subareas of Puget Sound: ............................... 21 Figure 5: Seasonal Patterns of winds over western Washington. From ..................... 23 Figure 6: Anderson Island Brickmakers1 ..................................................................... 52 Figure B-1 NOAA chart .............................................................................................. 109 Figure B-2 Nisqually Reach freshwater inputs ......................................................... 110 Figure B-3 Nisqually Reach littoral drift .................................................................... 111 Figure B-4 Nisqually Reach embayment habitat ....................................................... 112 Figure B-5 Nisqually Reach beach substrate type ..................................................... 113 Figure B-6 Nisqually Reach salt marsh habitat ......................................................... 114 Figure B-7 Nisqually Reach eelgrass.......................................................................... 115 Figure B-8 Non-floating kelp distribution ................................................................. 116 Figure B-9 Pigeon Guillemont observations 1992 - 96 ............................................. 117 Figure B-10 Double-crested Cormorant and Rhinoceros Auklet observations, ....... 118 Figure B-11 Bald Eagle observations, spring only ..................................................... 119 Figure B-12 Herring holding and forage fish spawning habitat ................................ 120 Figure B-13 Nisqually Reach fish sampling location by year ..................................... 121 Figure B-14 Geoduck harvestable tracts ................................................................... 122 Figure B-15 Marine mammal observations .............................................................. 123 Figure B-16 Public outfalls in the Nisqually Reach .................................................... 124 Figure B-17 Anderson-Ketron Disposal Site .............................................................. 125 Figure B-18 Encumbrances by activity type in Nisqually Reach ............................... 126 Figure B-19 Shoreline type in Nisqually Reach ......................................................... 127 Figure B-20 Overwater structures reference map .................................................... 128 Figure B-20b - Overwater structure identification and aerial photos ...................... 130 Table 1: Miles of marine shoreline adjacent to the Reserve ........................................ 6 Table 2: State/Federal Marine Protected Areas Near or Within the Reserve ............ 18 Table 3: Nisqually Total Shoreline - Percent Modification within Reserve Boundaries (feet)1 ................................................................................................................. 40 Table 4: Nisqually Total Shoreline - Percent Modification within Reserve Boundaries (miles) ................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tolmie State Park Washington State Parks • Park Hours – 7730 61St Ave NE Olympia, WA 98506 April 16 to Sept
    Things to remember Tolmie State Park Washington State Parks • Park hours – 7730 61st Ave NE Olympia, WA 98506 April 16 to Sept. 15, (360) 456-6464 8 a.m. to dusk. • Winter schedule – Sept. 16 to State Parks information: (360) 902-8844 April 15, 8 a.m. to dusk, Wednesday through Sunday. Although most parks Reservations: Online at are open year round, some parks or portions of www.parks.state.wa.us or call TolmieState Park parks are closed during the winter. For a winter (888) CAMPOUT or (888) 226-7688 schedule and information about seasonal Other state parks located in closures, visit www.parks.state.wa.us or call the the general area: information center at (360) 902-8844. Eagle Island, Joemma Beach, Millersylvania and Penrose Point • Moorage fees are charged year round for mooring at docks, floats and buoys from 1 p.m. to 8 a.m. • Wildlife, plants and all park buildings, signs, tables and other structures are protected; removal Connect with us on social media or damage of any kind is prohibited. Hunting, www.twitter.com/WAStatePks feeding of wildlife and gathering firewood on state park property is prohibited. www.facebook.com/WashingtonStateParks • Pets must be on leash and under physical control www.youtube.com/WashingtonStateParks at all times. This includes trail areas and campsites. Share your stories and photos: Adventure Awaits.com Pet owners must clean up after pets on all state park lands. S Sample If you would like to support Washington State S Sample Parks even more, please consider making a 2018 donation when renewing your license plate tabs.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 13 -- Puget Sound, Washington
    514 Puget Sound, Washington Volume 7 WK50/2011 123° 122°30' 18428 SKAGIT BAY STRAIT OF JUAN DE FUCA S A R A T O 18423 G A D A M DUNGENESS BAY I P 18464 R A A L S T S Y A G Port Townsend I E N L E T 18443 SEQUIM BAY 18473 DISCOVERY BAY 48° 48° 18471 D Everett N U O S 18444 N O I S S E S S O P 18458 18446 Y 18477 A 18447 B B L O A B K A Seattle W E D W A S H I N ELLIOTT BAY G 18445 T O L Bremerton Port Orchard N A N 18450 A 18452 C 47° 47° 30' 18449 30' D O O E A H S 18476 T P 18474 A S S A G E T E L N 18453 I E S C COMMENCEMENT BAY A A C R R I N L E Shelton T Tacoma 18457 Puyallup BUDD INLET Olympia 47° 18456 47° General Index of Chart Coverage in Chapter 13 (see catalog for complete coverage) 123° 122°30' WK50/2011 Chapter 13 Puget Sound, Washington 515 Puget Sound, Washington (1) This chapter describes Puget Sound and its nu- (6) Other services offered by the Marine Exchange in- merous inlets, bays, and passages, and the waters of clude a daily newsletter about future marine traffic in Hood Canal, Lake Union, and Lake Washington. Also the Puget Sound area, communication services, and a discussed are the ports of Seattle, Tacoma, Everett, and variety of coordinative and statistical information.
    [Show full text]
  • Shoreline Inventory and Characterization Report
    Final Draft THURSTON COUNTY SHORELINE MASTER PROGRAM UPDATE Inventory and Characterization Report SMA Grant Agreements: G0800104 and G1300026 June 30, 2013 Prepared By: Thurston County Planning Department Building # 1, 2nd Floor 2000 Lakeridge Drive SW Olympia, WA 98502-6045 This page left intentionally blank. Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 1 REPORT PURPOSE .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 SHORELINE MASTER PROGRAM UPDATES FOR CITIES WITHIN THURSTON COUNTY ...................................................................... 2 REGULATORY OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................. 2 SHORELINE JURISDICTION AND DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................................ 3 REPORT ORGANIZATION .................................................................................................................................................. 5 2 METHODS ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 DETERMINING SHORELINE JURISDICTION LIMITS ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • An Early Warning Program for Harmful Algal Blooms in Puget Sound
    An Early Warning Program for Harmful Algal Blooms in Puget Sound Harmful Algae Puget Sound is one of the most naturally beautiful and ecologically diverse locations in the Pacific Northwest. However, these waters are home to several species of algae that can produce deadly toxins when water conditions encourage their populations to explode. During these harmful algal blooms (HABs), the algae and their toxins accumulate in shellfish, and are also transferred up the food chain to marine and terrestrial animals. High concentrations of some algal species can sicken or kill marine birds, mammals or humans and can cause fish to die in large numbers. The SoundToxins program We formed SoundToxins—the Partnership for Enhanced Monitoring and Emergency Response to HABs in Puget Sound—to combat the apparent increase in these HAB occurrences over the past decade. SoundToxins is a diverse partnership of shellfish farmers, fish farmers, environmental learning centers, volunteers, local health jurisdictions, colleges, and Native American tribes that was conceived and initiated by Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC), and is now co- directed by Washington Sea Grant (WSG). SoundToxins has grown from four partners in 2006 to over 28 partners in 2017, some of whom monitor multiple sites in Puget Sound. SoundToxins has three main objectives: • To document unusual bloom events and new species entering Puget Sound. • To determine the environmental conditions that promote the onset and flourishing of HABs. • To determine the combination of monitoring parameters that provide the earliest warnings of these events. Monitoring Puget Sound Pseudo-nitzschia SoundToxins samples phytoplankton, These algae are pennate diatoms that can produce a or single-celled algae, throughout toxin called domoic acid.
    [Show full text]
  • Anderson and Ketron Islands Community Plan
    Appendix B: Anderson - Ketron Islands Community Plan The Anderson - Ketron Islands Community Plan’s narrative text and policies are in addition to the Countywide Comprehensive Plan narrative text and policies and are only applicable within the Anderson-Ketron Islands Community Plan Boundary. • “Current” or “Existing” conditions are in reference to conditions at time of adoption (Adopted Ord. 2009-9s, Effective 6/1/2009). • “Proposed” or “Desired” conditions are those which required Council action and may have also been amended over time through a Comprehensive Plan Amendment (amendments are reflected in this document). CONTENTS Chapter 1: Introduction .................................................................................. B-6 Overview of the Plan Area ....................................................................................................... B-6 The Environment .................................................................................................................. B-7 History of Anderson Island....................................................................................................... B-7 Early History ......................................................................................................................... B-7 Early 20th Century ............................................................................................................... B-7 Industry, Commerce, and Services ...................................................................................... B-8 History of
    [Show full text]
  • P:\0E01401 Nisqually\Document\Revised
    Nisqually NWR Final CCP/EIS Chapter 3. Affected Environment This chapter describes the environment that may be affected by land acquisition and management activities of Nisqually NWR. The affected environment includes important portions of the Nisqually delta and lower reaches of the Nisqually River watershed. For this document, the affected environment includes the CCP Study Area, which includes the lands within the currently approved Refuge boundary (3,936 acres) and the potential Refuge expansion areas (5,390 acres). The study area (Figure 1.1-2) includes four distinct areas: McAllister Springs and Creek area, Nisqually River corridor, Nisqually agricultural lands and floodplain, and East Bluff. The McAllister Springs and Creek area, Nisqually River corridor, and Nisqually agricultural lands and floodplain are located south of the current Refuge and are bordered on the north by I-5, on the east and west by bluffs, and on the south by a combination of railroad tracks, bluffs, and property boundaries of residential housing developments. The East Bluff area is east of the Refuge and is bordered on the north by Sequalitchew Creek, on the west by Puget Sound, on the south by I-5, and the eastern boundary follows property lines, including most of the forested habitat west of Fort Lewis. 3.1 Physical Environment Elements of the physical environment considered include climate, hydrology, geology, soils, and contaminants. 3.1.1 Climate Maritime air masses have a moderating effect in south Puget Sound year round, creating a modified Mediterranean climate. Air quality is generally high due to climate, location, and few industries that produce particulates.
    [Show full text]
  • Puget Sound Destinations
    Nisqually River Water Trail DRAFT 2017 Nisqually Delta & Nearby Puget Sound Destinations Description: This portion of the Nisqually River Water Trail features the mouth of the river as it spills into Puget Sound. Paddlers can explore the sights of the Billy Frank Jr. Wildlife Refuge; paddle beside restored marsh habitat on McAllister Creek; experience scenic island parks with hiking and picnicing at either Jacob’s Point or Andy’s Marine Park on Anderson Island; and enjoy fishing, forests, and firepits on the beach of Tolmie State Park. Wildlife such as eagles, salmon, coyotes and playful seals can be spotted at these destinations! On a clear day, paddlers are treated to breathtaking views of the Olympic Mountains and Mount Rainier. It is recommended to put in your watercraft at Luhr Launch, which is accessible for vehicles, offers a restroom and parking, and is adjacent to the Nisqually Reach Nature Center. Mudflats and pilings are very common around the mouth of the Nisqually. Proceed with caution: getting stuck in the mudflats can be treacherous and potentially fatal. A watercraft suited for ocean water is highly recommended. The Billy Frank Jr. Nisqually National Wildlife Refuge is a pristine and important habitat for wildlife, and also offers opportunities for wildlife viewing, photography, environmental education, hunting and fishing. Boaters can enjoy the refuge from their watercraft; there is no boat access. Some areas are considered sanctuary spaces for wildlife and have restricted access. Be sure to read all signage when paddling near the refuge. To learn more about available opportunities, visit: https://www.fws.gov/refuge/Billy_Frank_Jr_Nisqually.
    [Show full text]
  • The List of National System Mpas List Is Current As of July 2013
    The List of National System MPAs List is current as of July 2013 FEDERAL MARINE PROTECTED AREAS Brazoria National Wildlife Refuge (Texas) Ten Thousand Islands National Wildlife Refuge (Florida) Breton National Wildlife Refuge (Louisiana) Tybee National Wildlife Refuge (Georgia, South Carolina) Marine National Monument Cape May National Wildlife Refuge (New Jersey) Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge (South Carolina) Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument (Hawaii) Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge (South Carolina) Wallops Island National Wildlife Refuge (Virginia) Cedar Island National Wildlife Refuge (North Carolina) Wassaw National Wildlife Refuge (Georgia) National Marine Fisheries Service Cedar Keys National Wildlife Refuge (Florida) Wertheim National Wildlife Refuge (New York) Lydonia Canyon Gear Restricted Area Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge (Florida) Willapa National Wildlife Refuge (Washington) Norfolk Canyon Gear Restricted Area Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge (Maryland, Virginia) Wolf Island National Wildlife Refuge (Georgia) Oceanographer Canyon Gear Restricted Area Conscience Point National Wildlife Refuge (New York) Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge (Alaska) Veatch Canyon Gear Restricted Area Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge (Florida) Cross Island National Wildlife Refuge (Maine) FEDERAL / STATE PARTNERSHIP MARINE PROTECTED AREAS National Marine Sanctuaries Crystal River National Wildlife Refuge (Florida) Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary (California) Currituck National Wildlife Refuge
    [Show full text]
  • Washington's 2015 Big Game Hunting Seasons & Regulations
    Washington’s 2015 Big Game Hunting Seasons & Regulations Effective April 1, 2015 - March 31, 2016 Photo by Joe Lind May 20, 2015 Special Permit Application Deadline: 2015 BIG GAME SEASONS AND REGULATIONS PAMPHLET CORRECTIONS AS OF JUNE 22, 2015 Page 19 (added May 5) Under the High Buck Hunts, the page number for the U.S. Forest Service maps should be 99. Page 21 (added May 5) Under the High Buck Hunts, the page number for the U.S. Forest Service maps should be 99. Page 32 (added May 14) Hunt choices 1530 – 1540 (GMUs 411-417, 419-422) within the Youth Deer category are supposed to also be for a Second Deer tag. Since these hunts were placed in the wrong category, selected applicants have the choice to either purchase a second deer tag and participate in the hunt, or return the permit and have their points restored within the Youth Deer category. Page 33 (added May 14) Hunt choices 1573 – 1583 (GMUs 411-417, 419-422) within the Youth Deer category are supposed to also be for a Second Deer tag. Since these hunts were placed in the wrong category, selected applicants have the choice to either purchase a second deer tag and participate in the hunt, or return the permit and have their points restored within the Youth Deer category. Page 35 (added May 14) Hunt choices 1621 – 1631 (GMUs 411-417, 419-422) within the Deer Hunters 65 and Over category are supposed to also be for a Second Deer tag. Since these hunts were placed in the wrong category, selected applicants have the choice to either purchase a second deer tag and participate in the hunt, or return the permit and have their points restored within the Deer Hunters 65 and Over category.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxic Contaminants in Puget Sound's Nearshore Biota
    Puget Sound Ecosystem Monitoring Program (PSEMP) Toxic Contaminants in Puget Sound’s Nearshore Biota: A Large-Scale Synoptic Survey Using Transplanted Mussels (Mytilus trossulus) Final Report September 4, 2014 Jennifer A. Lanksbury, Laurie A. Niewolny, Andrea J. Carey and James E. West WDFW Report Number FPT 14-08 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................. i LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................................... ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ 1 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Project Goals ................................................................................................................................ 4 1.2 Background .................................................................................................................................. 5 1.2.1 Mussels as Biomonitors ........................................................................................................ 5 1.2.2 Other Mussel Monitoring Programs ....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Restoration of Henderson Inlet and Nisqually Reach
    Henderson Inlet - Nisqually Reach Shellfish Protection District News from the State Dept. of Health WORK REMAINS PRSRT STD US POSTAGE The Washington State Department of Health monitors water quality monthly at a network Many actions featured in of sampling stations in Henderson Inlet and Nisqually Reach. Over the past year, the this newsletter also advance PAID department has upgraded harvest clasifications in both areas due to improved water broader cleanup plans by the OLYMPIA WA quality conditions. state Department of Ecology. Shellfish Protection District News PERMIT NO 167 Ecology was required under HENDERSON INLET & the federal Clean Water Act Produced by Thurston County Public Henderson Inlet Nisqually Reach to write the plans, commonly Health and Social Services Department, NISQUALLY REACH For the first time since the mid- In October 2009, the Department of Health known as “TMDLs,” because Environmental Health Division eighties, the Department of Health in lifted harvesting restrictions on 12 acres of Henderson Inlet and the 2000 Lakeridge Drive S.W. January 2010 was able to lift harvest the Nisqually Reach shellfish growing area. Nisqually River are listed Olympia, WA 98502 restrictions on most shellfish growing The area is located where McAllister Creek on the state’s list of impaired areas in Henderson Inlet. The areas enters Puget Sound just west of the Nisqually water bodies. (TMDL stands for “Total Maximum Daily had been off-limits to harvesting for flats. This is the fourth and final upgrade in newsJuly 2010 five days after rainfall of one inch or classification of 1,000 acres that were initially Load.”) more.
    [Show full text]
  • Benefits for Charities There Are Many Reasons for a Charity to Be Involved with the Combined Fund Drive
    Go Paperless www.cfd.wa.gov Manage your account, search for charities and keep up on all things CFD by visiting our website. What is the Combined Fund Drive Created in 1984, the Combined Fund Drive (CFD) was established to consolidate the numerous charitable fundraising campaigns being conducted on state worksites. Employees can give through payroll contribution or at agency fundrais- ing events. The program conducts an annual giving campaign during the final three months of the year, raising millions of dollars for local, national and global charities. Our Mission To empower Washington public employees and retirees to strengthen their communities through the funding and support of charities. Our Values • We connect state employees and retirees to improve our world, state and local communities through charitable involvement. • We strive for excellent customer service when dealing with each of our stakeholders. • We value and respect employee choices by providing the widest range of giving opportunities. • We value innovation and efficiencies that best serve the needs of employees, retirees, and the charities they support.We consistently improve our operations to increase accessibility and participation. • We value and feel it critical to foster a partnership among the federations and charities, the CFD Committee, the CFD staff, and state employees. Ten-Year Campaign Results $5.92 million $5.8 million $5.88 million $5.6 million $5.32 $5.3 million $5.64 million $5.24 million million $5.21 million $5.52 million 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 For more information on each of our member charities visit our website at: Combined Fund Drive Our CHARITIES The volunteers of the Combined Fund Drive work tirelessly to improve their communities through donations to charities throughout the world.
    [Show full text]