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Assessment of Taxonomic Characters of Scorpaenopsis Obtusa and S. Gibbosa (Scorpaenidae), with First Records of S. Obtusa from J

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Assessment of Taxonomic Characters of Scorpaenopsis Obtusa and S. Gibbosa (Scorpaenidae), with First Records of S. Obtusa from J Assessment of taxonomic characters of Scorpaenopsis obtusa and S. gibbosa (Scorpaenidae), with first records of S. obtusa from Japan and Australia and comments on the synonymy of S. gibbosa by Hiroyuki MOTOMURA (1) & Gento SHINOHARA (2) A B S T R A C T. - Three specimens of the scorpionfish Scorpaenopsis obtusa Randall & Eschmeyer, collected from Oki- nawa, Ryukyu Islands, Japan (URM-P 21256, 40.4 mm SL), Lizard Island, Queensland (AMS I. 19482-190, 37.8 mm SL) and Bedwell Island, Clerke Reef, Rowley Shoals, Western Australia (WA M - P 28037-001, 34.8 mm SL), represent the fir s t reliable records from Japan and Australia (and the Indian Ocean) and northernmost and southernmost records of the species. The specimens are described herein and detailed comparisons made with a related species, S. gibbosa (Bloch & Schneider). The colour pattern of the inner surface of the pectoral fin of S. obtusa and a colour photograph of a fresh speci- men are also figured for the first time. In addition, a nominal species, Scorpaena axillaris Bliss, 1883, is regarded as a junior synonym of Scorpaenopsis gibbosa. Validity of the previously recognized taxonomic characters of both species is assessed and new diagnostic characters are proposed. R É S U M É. - Évaluation des caractères taxinomiques de Scorpaenopsis obtusa et de S. gibbosa (Scorpaenidae), premières captures de S. obtusa du Japon et d’Australie, et commentaires sur la synonymie de S. gibbosa. Trois spécimens de rascasse Scorpaenopsis obtusa Randall & Eschmeyer, collectés à Okinawa, aux îles Ryukyu, Japon ( U R M - P 21256, 40,4 mm LS), à Lizard Island, Queensland (AMS I. 19482-190, 37,8 mm LS) et à Bedwell Island, Clerke Reef, Rowley Shoals, Australie occidentale (WA M - P 28037-001, 34,8 mm LS), représentent les premiers signalements fiables du Japon et d’Australie (et de l’océan Indien) et les signalements les plus septentrionaux et les plus méridionaux de l’espèce. Ces spécimens sont décrits et des comparaisons détaillées sont faites avec une espèce proche, S. gibbosa ( B l o c h & Schneider). La coloration de la surface interne de la nageoire pectorale de S. obtusa et une photographie en couleur d’un spécimen frais sont également présentées pour la première fois. De plus, l’espèce nominale, Scorpaena axillaris B l i s s , 1883, est considérée comme synonyme junior de Scorpaenopsis gibbosa. La validité des caractères taxinomiques précé- demment identifiés pour ces deux espèces est évaluée et de nouveaux caractères diagnostiques sont proposés. Key words. - Scorpaenidae - Scorpaenopsis obtusa - Scorpaenopsis gibbosa - INW - Japan - ISEW - Australia - Redescrip- tions - Synonymy - First records. The scorpionfish (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae), structure, meristics, proportional measurements and colour Scorpaenopsis obtusa Randall & Eschmeyer, 2002, original- pattern on the inner surface of the pectoral fin. The speci- ly described on the basis of three specimens (36.5-79.0 mm mens represent the first reliable records from Japanese and standard length), is the smallest humpback species of S c o r - Australian waters, the Western Australian specimen also rep- p a e n o p s i s, characterized by a highly arched back below the resenting the first record from the Indian Ocean. The speci- spinous part of the dorsal fin, broad interorbit and divided mens are described herein and detailed comparisons made upper opercular spine (Randall and Eschmeyer, 2002). with a related species, S. gibbosa (Bloch & Schneider, Although Randall and Eschmeyer (2002) collected and 1801). The striking colour pattern of the pectoral fin of S. ob - examined a large number of S c o r p a e n o p s i s specimens from t u s a and a colour photograph of a fresh specimen are also a wide geographical range in the Indo-Pacific region, S . figured for the first time. Validity of the previously recog- o b t u s a was reported only from two specimens from the Phi- nized taxonomic characters of both species are assessed and lippines and one from Papua New Guinea. new diagnostic characters are proposed. In addition, a poor- Four small specimens of humpback S c o r p a e n o p s i s, col- ly-known nominal species, Scorpaena axillaris, is con- lected from Japan (Okinawa Island), Papua New Guinea firmed as a junior synonym of Scorpaenopsis gibbosa. (Madang), Australia (Lizard Island, Queensland and Bed- Counts, measurements and head spine terminology fol- well Island, Western Australia), were found in museum col- low Randall and Eschmeyer (2002). Standard and head lections and subsequently identified as S. obtusa on the basis lengths are expressed as SL and HL, respectively. Compara- of several morphological characters, including head spine tive materials examined are listed in Motomura (2002, (1) Ichthyology, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, AUSTRALIA. [[email protected]] (2) Fish Division, Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, 3-23-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, JAPAN. [[email protected]] Cybium 2005, 29(3): 295-301. Taxonomic characters of Scorpaenopsis obtusa and S. gibbosa MOTOMURA & SHINOHARA 2004a, 2004b) and Motomura et al. (2004). Institutional 3.0 (2.8); pelvic spine length 4.7-5.6 (5.2); longest pelvic codes follow Leviton et al. (1985). soft ray (second or third) length 3.4-4.2 (3.8); caudal fin length 3.3-3.6 (3.4); caudal peduncle length 5.5-6.6 (6.0); caudal peduncle depth 8.3-8.6 (8.4). Snout length 3.8-4.2 SCORPAENOPSIS OBTUSA (mean 4.0) in HL; orbit diameter 4.3-4.8 (4.6); interorbital (Figs 1-5, 6A, 7) width 3.6-3.9 (3.8); upper jaw length 1.8-1.9 (1.8); distance between ventral margin of orbit and suborbital ridge 14.3- Scorpaenopsis obtusa Randall & Eschmeyer, 2002: 37, 21.5 (18.5); postorbital length 1.7-1.8 (1.8); longest dorsal fig. 10 (type locality: Observation Island, Tawitawi Group, spine length 2.7-3.6 (3.2). Sulu Archipelago, Philippines). Body not compressed anteriorly, but progressively more New standard Japanese name: Shirayuki-kasago. compressed posteriorly; mouth large, oblique, forming an angle of about 60° to horizontal axis of head and body; pos- Material examined terior margin of maxilla reaching a straight line linking pos- Japan. - URM-P 21256, 40.4 mm SL, Diamond Beach, On- terior margin of orbit with edge of retroarticular; lower jaw nason, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, 1 m depth, coral and sandy projecting; vomerine tooth plate distinct, forming a V- bottom, coll. by N. Takamura, 11 Jun. 1989. shaped patch, but with few teeth; no palatine teeth; nasal Philippines. - CAS 54231 (paratype of S. obtusa), 49.7 mm SL, Bararin Island (10°52’42”N, 120°56’44”E), Palawan Province, 0- spine simple, directed upward, its length slightly greater 17.4 m depth, rotenone, coll. by V.G. Springer et al., 24 May 1978. than anterior nostril diameter; anterior nostril with a tenta- Papua New Guinea. - CAS 213340 (paratype of S. obtusa) , cle, its length greater than anterior nostril diameter; ascend- 36.5 mm SL, north coast of Towai Point, Kiriwina, Tr o b r i a n d ing process of premaxilla intruding into interorbital space, Islands, 0-0.5 m depth, rotenone, coll. by B.B. Collette, 8 Jun. posterior margin of ascending process reaching level of 1970; WA M - P 30340-007, 25.6 mm SL, coral and cave area on outer reef (5°11’S, 145°50’E), Madang, 18 m depth, rotenone, coll. anterior margin of pupil; no median interorbital ridge; by G.R. Allen and M. Allen, 5 Oct. 1991. interorbital ridges present, but indistinct; interorbital space Australia. - AMS I. 19482-190, 37.8 mm SL, Sand Cay, Lizard shallow and broad, its width greater than orbit diameter; pre- Island (14°40’S, 145°27’E), Queensland, 3-25 m depth, coral and ocular and supraocular spines small, canted laterally; pos- sandy bottom, rotenone, coll. by Australian Museum party, 27 Nov. tocular spine simple, larger than supraocular spine, broadly 1975; WA M - P 28037-001, 34.8 mm SL, 1 km off south tip of Bed- well Island (17°16’S, 119°22’E), Clerke Reef, Rowley Shoals, joined to tympanic spine at base; no coronal or extra spines; Western Australia, 45-50 m depth, rotenone, coll. by G.R. Allen, 14 occipital pit deep, anterior edge distinct and curved posteri- Aug. 1983. orly; parietal and nuchal spines approximately equal size, joined at base; sphenotic with 2 small spines; postorbital Description with 1 or 2 small spines; pterotic spine simple, approximate- The following description is based on four non-type ly equal size to supraocular spine; upper posttemporal spine specimens collected from Japan, Papua New Guinea and l a rger than lower spine; supracleithral spine bearing a sec- Australia. Three type specimens from the Philippines and ond spine on medial surface, length of former greater than Papua New Guinea were described by Randall and Esch- any spines on dorsal surface of head. meyer (2002). Lacrymal ridge serrate; anterior lacrymal spine simple, Dorsal fin rays XII, 9; anal fin rays III, 5; pectoral fin directed forward, its tip reaching dorsal margin of upper lip; rays 17 or 18; longitudinal scale rows 37-41; pored lateral posterior lacrymal spine simple, directed backward, its tip line scales 21; scales above lateral line 6 or 7, below 22; gill not reaching dorsal margin of upper lip; posterior lacrymal rakers 4 or 5 (upper limb) + 8 or 9 (lower limb, including a spine associated with a short fimbriate flap (rarely absent), raker at angle); 3 pores on underside of mandible on each linked posteriorly to head by fringed skin; posterior lacrymal side.
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