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· Journa l of the Asia Research Centre, Ya ngon Uulvcrsity Vo1.3. No.2 (2013) Editorial BOClrJ Executive Ed itor Rector Dr Tin Tun , Chairperson of Board ofTrustees, Asia Research Centre, Yangon University Editor in C hief Pro-Rector Dr Kyaw Nai ng, Director, Asia Research Ce ntre. Yangon Univers ity Editurs (Sci ence, Enviru umentul Science and Life Science) Pro f. Dr Zaw Win, ll ead of Dept. of Mathematics. Yangon University Prof. Dr Day Wa Aung, Head of Dept. ofGeology, Yangon University Prof. Dr Thc t Thct May, Head of Dept. of Botany, Yangon University Prof Dr Kh in Mar Kyu, Head of Dept. of Physics. Yangon University Prof. Dr Ilia Ngwc, Head of Dept . ofChemistry, Yangon Univers ity Prof. Dr Myint Zu Minn, Head of Dept. ofZoology. Yangon University Prof. Dr Nay Win 0 0, Head of Dept. ofGeography, Yangon University Ed itors (llum anities and Socia l Science) Prof. Daw Naw Ju Paw, Head of Dept. of English, Yangon University Prof. Dr Margaret Wong, Head of Dept. ofHistory, Yangon University Prof. Dr Aung Myint 0 0, lIead of Dept. of Myanmar, Yangon University Prof: Dr Mya Mya Khin, Head of Dept. of Anthropology, Yangon University Prof. Dr Nwe Nwc Yc, Head of Dept. of Oriental Studies, Yangon University Prot: Dr Lei Lei Win, Head of Dept. of Philosophy, Yangon University Prof Dr Khin Mar Yc, Head of Dept. of Law.Yangon Universi ty Prof Dr San Sbwc. Head of Dept. ofArcha eolo gy, Yangon Universi ty Prof. Dr Nilar Kyu, Head of Dept. of Psychology, Yangon University Prof. Dr Chaw Chaw Scln, Head of Dept of International Relations, Yangon Universi ty Editorial S taff Prof. Dr. Ayc Aye Myint, Universities' Research Centre, Yangon University Assoc. Prof. Dr M yiruMyint Khinc, Universities' Research Ce ntre, Yangon Univers ity Assoc . Prof. Dr Aye Aye Thant, Dept. of Physics, Yangon Unive rsity Lecturer Dr Thida, Dept. ofChemistry, Yangon University Lecturer Dr Khin Mar Cbo, Dept. o f Chemistry. Yangon Universit y _ .2 JOURNAL OF THE ASIA RESEARCH CEN1'RE, YANGON UNIVERSITY VoI.3, No.2 Pub lished by The Asia Research Centre, Yangon Unive rsity Yangon , MYANMAR First Edition: December 20 IJ 200 copies The publ ication ofthis journal was funded by the Asia Research Centre, Yangon University Published hy The Asia Research Centre, Yangon University MYANMA R Tel: 095-1-5 14910 Fax: 95 1-510721 Ema il: [email protected] Forward Greater efforts have been made to enhance all-round development of the Universit y of Yangon smcc the Democratic Gove rnment look office in April, 20 I I. Priority was given 10 the renovat ion or buildings and hostels ill the uni vers ity campus to Improve the ima ge o f the university. For the purpose of build ing the capa city of the faculty. scholars from abroad were invited 10 provide short-term or long-term traini ng courses uud 10 hold wor kshops and international conferences. For train ing pur poses, scholars from University of Yangon were also sent abroad. In addi tion, Un ivers ity of Yangon has been promoting collaboration with intern ational institutions. So it has also signed MoUs with them. On 13 June, 2013 . Asia Research Center - Yangon Unive rsity (ARC-YU ) was ah le 10 sign the MolJ with Korean Foundation II)!' Advanced Stud ies (K FAS) for the second lime. Researchers hom ve nous discipl ines in Yangon University arc carrying out quality research with the assistance of KFAS. Th is journa l accommodates I~ research papers resulted from the outstan ding research projects in Science. Environmental Science and Life Science conducted by the academic departments of Yangon Univers ity. I would like to express my appreciation and co ngratulations on the conc erted effort ofthe researchers who have made a great deal o f excellence contributions 10 this issue . Having the opportunity to conduc t research and to publish the research fi ndings in the journal of Asia Research Center, Yangon Uni versity, members of ARC, Ko rean Universities and Yangon Universi ty can not only share the research findin gs among the msel ves. hut also more research projectl arc created and thus more opportunities arc offered for learning. I wou ld. therefore. like to express my thanks 10 presiden t Park In-Kook of KFAS for making the publication o f" thl' ARC-YU Journal II success. Professor Dr Tin Tun Rector; Yangon Universi ty Chairman o f Board ofTrustees Asia Resea rch Ce ntre. Yangon Universi ty 20 13 December JARC-YU. Vol. J. No. 2, 20 13 251 Occurrence a nd Distribution of Ca nid Community in Aycyawady Region !\file Sa nda ()o & San S MI Ih m,.:" Urparl nlt,' lll or :t..lH) l o ~)', Unh'ersil)' or Ya n~ 1I 11 Abs tract The present paper was imcrdcd to highlighl the distribution of canids in the delt a area for the conservation in their 11IllIl ",1 hahi tar. '111e study was c arried out et I II townships of Aycya wady region ttum June 20 1l -Junc 20 1.1. The ubjcc uvcs were III cond uct a systemalic census of wild dog in the study area; 10 determine the dismbmlon and abundanc e. Accord ing 10 the data ulnnincd, two camd species as dhol c so-called Asiatic wild dllgl lnlli'lll wild dog Dum alpinus and Golden Jackel Canis llIff/'/I.I· were recorded. In which dhol c was only recorded in 11011h of Thabaung township where as golden jacke! somewhat common in the study sires . However, there was relatively high variation of abundance in the study area . The highcst numbers ill the southern pari o f de lta areas ;11 H variety o f habitats rallg illg Item shrub lands , mars hlands . wet fore sts 10 human scufcmcms and intensive ly cnlrivar cd areas . Nevertheless, their population becomes more and more red uced ill the recent years as the scaucrcd and isolated populations probahly owing to loss nf their IUlhitals. Threat s 1U wild canids and implementation of conser vation were discussed, Key words: Canids . Occurrence, Distrlbuuon, Abundance, lI"bilat utiliz auon I, l ntroductlou 1.1 .l ustlflcation for wild cauid st ud y Myanmar is among the most biologically diverse countries in mai nland Southeast Asia. In contras t to its neigh bou rs, large areas (about 30%) of Myanmar arc still forested. providing a unique opportunity to conserve biodiversity within protected areas (Rae (;'1 al., 2(05 ). Nevertheless, many natural habitats arc rapidly becoming isolated primarily because of growing of urbaniza tion lead to he growing human population and, expansion of agri culture land and increasing infrastruc ture of motor roads. Such of hum an activities arc causing major impacts on natu ral. The Ca nidae are the biolog ical family of carn ivoro us and omni vorous mam mals that includes do mestic dogs, wolves, foxes, jackals, coyotes, and many other lesse r known extant and extinct dog-like 111 <1111111 als. In wo rld, a tota l of 34 spec ies belong to this family. Unfortunately some canid species are declining globally under the pressure of habitat degradation and fra gment ation, disease and persecution. Other has man aged to survive and even thrive in human-dominated landscapes. Their hab itat used ove rlap with people results in compe tition for resources. which is at the heart of the con flict between many wild canids and man (Sillcro-Zubiri and Switzer, 2004). In Myanmar, currently three species of canids were recognized viz. gray wolf Canis lupus, in nort hern Myanmar, golden Jackel Callis ourem in a deciduous forest from central basin of Myanm ar and southern part of Myanmar-Tanimhayi Region and dholc Cuon alpinus in a deep forest through the country (Parr and Tin Than, undated, Rabinowitz and Saw Htun Khaiug, 1998). Among them, the go lden jackal is mammal fairly common throughout its range. Due to its tolerance for dry habit ats ami its omnivorous diet , it can live in a wide variety of habitats (Nadccm 1.'1 at., 2UI2). Rabinowitz and Saw Iftun Khaing ( 1998) reported that the status. distr ibution and requirements of environments of dholc ( Cl/OI1 alpinus) so-called called the Sail Snn Hmwc. Dcp;trtmenl ofZoology, Univers ity of'Yangon 252 JA I~C · YlJ, Vol. ), No.2, 20U As iatic wild dog, Indian wi ld dog, red dog and other canids in Myanmar arc still needed confirmed and protec t. Steward ( 1993) addressed that good populations of wi ld dog in Myanmar held parks such as Maymyo and Shwc-Ll- Daung in forested widespread areas up to the late 1960. But actually status ofdholc in there is not known and current knowledge of distribution. popu lation size in Myanmar was incomplete yet. Due to the absence of information concerning the occurrence of species, distribution, home range and feeding habits and breeding behaviors in the wild. Therefore, it is difficult to provide the conservation status orthat canid species. 1.2 Ccucral dcscrl pt ion ufAycyarwady Region The present work was designed to stud y the occurrence and distribution of wild canids in southern part of Myanmar, A ycyawady Delta Region. It is bounded on the north by the Bago Region, on thc cas t by the Bago Region and Yangon Region, on the south by the Andaman Sea (Katpalc pinlc) and on the west by the Rakhinc State and the Bay of Bengal. Astronom ically. it lies between 15° 45' N and H~ 030 ' N latitudes, and 94°15' E and 96°15'E longit udes .