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Total Homocysteine (Thcy) Laboratory Procedure Manual Analyte: Total Homocysteine (tHcy) Matrix: Plasma Method: Abbott Homocysteine (HCY) Assay as performed by: Inorganic Toxicology and Nutrition Branch Division of Laboratory Sciences National Center for Environmental Health Contact: Dr. Eric J. Sampson, Director Division of Laboratory Sciences Important Information for Users CDC periodically refines these laboratory methods. It is the responsibility of the user to contact the person listed on the title page of each write-up before using the analytical method to find out whether any changes have been made and what revisions, if any, have been incorporated. Total Homocysteine in Plasma NHANES 2003-2004 Public Release Data Set Information This document details the Lab Protocol for NHANES 2003-2004 data. A tabular list of the released analytes follows: Lab Analyte SAS Label (and SI units) Number lab06_c LBXHCY Homocysteine (μmol/L) Page 2 of 14 Total Homocysteine in Plasma NHANES 2003-2004 1. Summary of Test Principle and Clinical Relevance Total homocysteine (tHcy) in plasma is measured by the “Abbott Homocysteine (HCY) assay”, a fully automated fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) from Abbott Diagnostics (1). In brief, dithiothreitol (DTT) reduces homocysteine bound to albumin and to other small molecules, homocysteine, and mixed disulfides, to free thiol. S-adenosyl-homocysteine (SAH) hydrolase catalyzes conversion of homocysteine to SAH in the presence of added adenosine. In the subsequent steps, the specific monoclonal antibody and the fluoresceinated SAH analog tracer constitute the FPIA detection system (2). Plasma total homocysteine concentrations are calculated by the Abbott Axsym® using a machine-stored calibration curve. (3-4). An international round robin performed in 1998 (12) demonstrated that this method is fully equivalent to other most frequently used methods in this field (i.e., HPLC-FD, HPLC-ED, GC/MS). Thus, the Abbott Homocysteine (HCY) assay will be used as primary method for the determination of plasma total homocysteine in NHANES 1999+. For NHANES 1999–2001, the Abbott Imx was used, starting NHANES 2002, the Abbott AxSym is used. The HPLC assay will be used as a reference method and will be performed on a subset of NHANES 1999+ for continuing method comparison and on smaller studies. Elevated plasma total homocysteine is an independent risk factor for development of a variety of vascular occlusive diseases, including those of the carotid, coronary, and peripheral arteries (3). Increased plasma tHcy can be due to genetic defects or it can be secondary to drugs or certain illnesses. The nutritional influence on mildly elevated homocysteine related to deficiency of folate, vitamin B6 or B12 is of increasing importance. The range of total homocysteine concentration in plasma from “healthy adults” is 5 to 15 μmol/L (4). However, the risk for coronary artery disease may significantly increase between 10 and 15 μmol/L (5). 2. Safety Precautions Consider all plasma specimens potentially positive for infectious agents including HIV and the hepatitis B virus. We recommend the hepatitis B vaccination series for all analysts working with whole blood and/or plasma. Observe universal precautions; wear protective gloves, laboratory coats, and safety glasses during all steps of this method. Discard any residual sample material by autoclaving after analysis is completed. Place disposable plastic, glass, and paper (pipet tips, autosampler vials, gloves, etc.) that contact plasma in a biohazard autoclave bag and keep these bags in appropriate containers until sealed and autoclaved. Wipe down all work surfaces with 10% bleach solution when work is finished. Handle acids and bases with extreme care; they are caustic and toxic. Handle organic solvents only in a well-ventilated area or, as required, under a chemical fume hood. Reagents and solvents used in this study include those listed in Section 6. Material safety data sheets (MSDSs) for these chemicals are readily accessible as hard copies in the lab. If needed, MSDS for other chemicals can be viewed at http://www.ilpi.com/msds/index.html. 3. Computerization; Data System Management A. Calculation of plasma homocysteine values is accomplished with the software on the Abbott instrument. Homocysteine results are manually entered into a Microsoft Excel result file spreadsheet. After a run is complete and any additional corrections by the analyst are made, the result file (containing the patient data as well as the QC data) is electronically transferred to the appropriate analyte-specific subfolder in Q: /ITN/Nutrition Lab/Import into Access on the NCEH/DLS Local Area Network (LAN). The analyst also gives a hardcopy of the result file to the reviewing supervisor. After the reviewing supervisor approves the final values for release by checking off the bench and blind QC values and signing the hardcopy, he/she sends an email to the computer support staff that the data has been released to be imported into the NHANES 1999+ database that is located in Microsoft Access; the computer support staff imports the data into the NHANES 1999+ database by using a macro. Data entry is verified by the computer support staff and the supervisor. Data is transmitted electronically several times weekly to Westat’s ISIS computer system, and transferred from there to NCHS. Abnormal values are confirmed, and codes Page 3 of 14 Total Homocysteine in Plasma NHANES 2003-2004 for missing data are entered by the analyst and are transmitted as part of the data file to the Westat ISIS computer, and are eventually forwarded to NCHS. Westat also prepares the abnormal report notifications for the NCHS Survey Physician. B. Files stored on the network or CDC mainframe are automatically backed up nightly by DLS LAN support staff and CDC Data Center staff, respectively. Backup of the daily data containing all raw data files and result files for each run are the responsibility of the analyst. Typically these files are backed up once a week onto a floppy disk or a CD-ROM using a CD writer. C. Documentation for data system maintenance is contained in printed copies of data records, as well as in "system log" files on the local hard drives used for the archival of data. 4. Specimen Collection, Storage, and Handling Procedures; Criteria for Specimen Rejection A. For best results, a fasting sample should be obtained. B. Specimens for total homocysteine analysis may be fresh or frozen plasma. Since red blood cells continue to produce and release homocysteine after the blood sample has been obtained, plasma must be separated promptly (6). Freshly-drawn purple-top EDTA Vacutainer tubes collected by standard venipuncture procedures must be kept on ice water, and plasma should be harvested within 30 min after drawing. C. A 500-μL sample of plasma is preferable to allow for repeat analyses; a volume of 150 μL is required for analysis. D. The appropriate amount of plasma is dispensed into a Nalge cryovial or other plastic screw-capped vial labeled with the participant's ID. E. Specimens collected in the field are frozen, and then shipped on dry ice by overnight mail. Frozen samples are stored at –70°C. Samples are stable for at least 5 years if stored at 20°C (7) and can withstand 5 to 10 freeze/thaw cycles (6). F. Specimens generally arrive frozen. Refrigerated samples may be used provided they are kept cold and brought promptly (within 2 hours) from the site of collection. G. Specimens that have been through more than five freeze-thaw cycles, been refrigerated for more than one week, or undergone hemolysis may give inaccurate results. H. Specimen handling conditions are outlined in the Policies and Procedures Manual of DLS (copies are available in the Nutritional Laboratory and the electronic copy of this file is located at Q: /ITN/Nutrition Laboratory/CLIA). The protocol discusses collection and transport of specimens and the special equipment required. In general, plasma should be transported and stored at no more than –20°C. Samples thawed and refrozen less than five times are not compromised. If there is more than one analyte of interest in the specimen and it needs to be divided, the appropriate amount of blood or plasma should be transferred into a sterile Nalge cryovial labelled with the participant’s ID. 5. Procedures for Microscopic Examinations; Criteria for Rejection of Inadequately Prepared Slides Not applicable for this procedure 6. Preparation of Reagents, Calibration (Standards), Controls, and All Other Materials; Equipment and Instrumentation A. Reagent Preparation The assay is performed exactly as outlined by the manufacturer. All reagents are supplied by Abbott Diagnostics in liquid form ready to be used. If the entire reagent pack kit is not used in one run, store the kit at 2–8°C until the expiration date is reached. To avoid evaporation of the reagents, the reagent pack kit should not be kept open in the Abbott Axsym analyzer when a run is finished. The Abbott AxSym uses the same reagents as the Abbott IMx. Page 4 of 14 Total Homocysteine in Plasma NHANES 2003-2004 B. Standards Preparation Standards corresponding to 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, and 50.0 μmol/L homocysteine are supplied by Abbott Diagnostics in liquid form as S-adenosylhomocysteine in buffer, ready to be used. Store the standards at 2–8°C until the expiration date of the kit. C. Preparation of Quality Control Materials (1) Abbott QC pools: Low (~6 μmol/L tHcy), medium (~12 μmol/L tHcy), and high (~25 μmol/L tHcy) serum based QC pools with specifications concerning the range and the target value are supplied by Abbott Diagnostics, ready to be used, as part of the “Abbott Homocysteine (HCY) assay”. (2) CDC QC pools: Low, medium, and high plasma based QC pools are prepared and characterized in-house. To avoid influx of thiols from red blood cells, freshly-drawn purple-top EDTA Vacutainer tubes collected by standard venipuncture procedures must be kept on ice water, and plasma should be harvested within 30 min after drawing.
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