HAUSTORIUM 77 1 HAUSTORIUM Parasitic Newsletter ISSN 1944-6969 Official Organ of the International Parasitic Society (http://www.parasiticplants.org/ )

December 2019 Number 77

CONTENTS

MESSAGE FROM THE IPPS PRESIDENT (Julie Scholes)………………………………………………..………2

MEETING REPORT IUFRO World Congress 2019 – Curitiba, Brazil. 29 September – 5 October, 2019. (Dave Shaw)…………………….2

LITERATURE HIGHLIGHT New potential for control of Striga by synthetic strigolactones? (Koichi Yoneyama)………………………………….3

PROJECT UPDATE Striga smart sorghum solutions for smallholders in East Africa …………………………………………………………6

PRESS AND OTHER REPORTS Nuclear techniques help develop new sorghum lines resistant to the parasitic weed Striga……………………………… …6 Helixanthera cylindrica – a mistletoe on mango in Kuala Trengganu, Malaysia...... 7 The Banded Matchflower…………………………………………………………………………………………………8 Grasspea and finger millet pre-breeding get a boost……………………………………………………………………...8 New flowerpecker species described from Borneo……………………………………………………………………….9 Kissing under the mistletoe……………………………………………………………………………………………...10 The Striga from ‘The Witcher’ – the monster & curse explained……………………………………………………….10 Plants in ancient Antalya sites to be taken under protection……………………………………………………………..10

THESIS Exploring biological control and transgenic weed management approaches against infestation by Striga hermonthica in maize. Johnstone Omukhulu Neondo……………………………………………………………………………………11

FORTHCOMING MEETING International Weed Science Congress, 21-26 June 2020 in , ……………………………………….. 12

GENERAL WEBSITES ………………………………………………………………………………………………..12

LITERATURE ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….13

END NOTES …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….40 HAUSTORIUM 77 2

MESSAGE FROM THE IPPS PRESIDENT Secondly, Harro Bouwmeester has been Dear IPPS members, working very hard on the design and production of the new IPPS website with I hope you all had a very enjoyable Christmas Susann and the website manager. I have break. recently seen the website and it is looking very impressive. The website is at an advanced In my last message I talked about some of the stage of development and will be available changes we are making to the IPPS website very soon. Look out for a message from Harro and structure of the Executive Committee, in the next week or two! including the election of a New Member at Large to help Chris Parker with the production Finally, there are two bids to host the next of Haustorium and Susann Wicke with the new World Congress on Parastic plants (WCPP-16) website. in 2021. The first is from Hanan Eizenberg who proposes to hold the Congress in Firstly, I would like to thank Luiza Teixeira- Jerusalem, Israel. The second is from Steven Costa and Evgenia Dor for their interest in this Runo and Damaris Odeny who propose position. The vote was very close but Luiza Nairobi, Kenya as the venue for the Congress. has been elected as the New Member at Large. Both bids are in the final stages of preparation and I will shortly contact everyone with details of the bids and organise a Google Poll so that everyone can vote for the venue for the 2021 Congress.

I wish everyone a very happy and successful Year. Best wishes Julie Scholes

MEETING REPORT

IUFRO World Congress 2019 – Technical Session - Complex interactions of mistletoe, ecosystems, and people. Curitiba, Brazil. 29 September – 5 October, 2019.

The IUFRO 7.02.11, Parasitic Flowering Plants in Forests technical working group, had a poster session, oral session and field trip at

the World Congress of the International Union Luiza is currently a Postdoctoral Fellow at of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) in Department of Organismic & Evolutionary Curitiba, Brazil 29 September - 5 October, Biology, Harvard University Herbaria. Luiza’s 2019 attended by scientists from Australia, research in parasitic plant biology Brazil, USA, Nigeria, Chile and Ukraine encompasses a broad diversity of plants, from (Crimea, but now in Czech Republic). mistletoes, to the cryptic Rafflesiaceae, and the widely known Cuscuta . Using a variety of Perhaps the iconic mistletoe of this congress methods, from plant morphology and should be Struthanthus martianus , which was physiology, to phylogenetic analyses, she common all over Curitiba (Figure 1). This investigates haustorium development and loranthaceous mistletoe establishes in the tree evolution across the different clades among via bird dispersal, then can form very large which parasitic plants have evolved. She is shrubby plants perhaps due to its ability to also interested in host-plant specificity in ‘walk’ down the branch forming epicortical different parasites, trying to understand what roots. mechanisms could govern the process of host selection. As a Luiza Teixeira (Harvard Herbarium), her new Member at Large beginning this year, students (University of São Paulo), as well as Luiza hopes to help the IPPS in elaborating Rodrigo Fadini (Federal University of Western and improving the Haustorium newsletter. Pará, Brazil) participated from Brazil. Our HAUSTORIUM 77 3 field trip was led by Luiza and her students diverse and truly fit the theme of our session: and focused on parks in Curitiba. We Complex Interactions of Mistletoe, observed 6 species of mistletoe including Ecosystems and People. The abstracts for all Viscaceae ( Phoradendron ) and Loranthaceae these talks will be published with the entire set (Struthanthus,Tripodanthus ) and Santalaceae of IUFRO abstracts. (Eubrachion ambiguum ). Perhaps the highlight of the day was observing a Euphonia Also a special issue of the journal Botany on feeding on Phoradendron dipterum berries! mistletoes will include most of the following What a sight to observe this spectacularly papers, and others. Due oputn in May. beautiful bird hopping/flying about the plant grabbing fruit. Species observed: Eubrachion ambiguum Santalaceae Struthanthus martianus Loranthaceae S. polyrhizus Loranthaceae S. uraguensis Loranthaceae Tripodanthus acutifolius Loranthaceae Phoradendron dipterum Viscaceae

Relevant papers presented:

Francisco Fonturbel et al.- The cascade impacts of climate change could threaten key ecological interactions: insights from a keystone mistletoe Ekeoba Matthew Isikhuemen et al.- The African Mistletoe: from noxious weed to cure-all medicine: a synthesis of experience from empirical and indigenous knowledge domains Figure 1. Struthanthus martianus , with Victor Sibinelli et al.- Comparative wood pendulous branches, in an urban tree in anatomy of Brazilian mistletoes genera of Curitiba, Brazil. Note the mistletoe now Loranthaceae dominates the foliage of the canopy of this Luiza Teixeira-Costa et al.- Morphogenesis tree. and evolution of mistletoes’ haustoria David Watson et al. - Urban mistletoe: The final frontier in ecological restoration? Melinda Cook et al.- Mistletoe dispersing birds rely on spatial-memory and established search images to find fruiting mistletoes. David Watson - Did mammals bring the first mistletoes into the tree-tops? David Shaw et al.- The European mistletoe in Sonoma County California, USA Yuliya Krasylenko et al. - Hosts and distribution range of juniper dwarf mistletoe ( Arceuthobium oxycedri ) in the Figure 2. Field trip participants. Crimean Peninsula

We also observed epiparasitism! A P. David Shaw. dipterum on a Salix babylonica (weeping willow) was parasitized by Struthanthus martianus ! An excellent publication by the LITERATURE HIGHLIGHT Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul on Southern Brazilian Mistletoes (Dettke, G.A. New potential for control of Striga by and Waechter, J.L. - synthetic strigolactones? https://fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org/sites/defau lt/files/rapid-color-guides-pdfs/493.pdf ) is a Suicidal germination–induction of seed great mistletoe reference for the region. The germination in the absence of their hosts–has poster, oral session and field trip were very been regarded as a promising strategy for root HAUSTORIUM 77 4 parasitic weed management. Indeed, in the US, mycorrhizal (AM) fungi hyphal branching S. asiatica infestation has been mostly (and thus promote AM colonization) and eradicated, but not completely, by inducing inhibit shoot branching as a novel class of germination of the seeds by extensive ethylene plant hormones, both typical SL activities, gas fumigations (Eplee 1975; Tasker and SPL7 is only weakly active on AM fungi and Westwood 2012). This is the only one success is inactive in shoot branching. Therefore, SPL7 story of suicidal germination in weedy root can be applied as a suicidal germinator for parasite management. Sadly it has proved less Striga seeds without affecting AM effective and in any case uneconomic for colonization or plant growth and development. control of S. hermonthica in Africa (Ransom This is due to SPL7 being a highly specific and Njoroge, 1991). ligand to the receptor ShHTL7 in S. hermonthica , and its affinities to D14, the Recently, several ‘novel’ approaches to Striga receptor for SL as a plant hormone, and to control by suicidal germination have been unknown receptor(s) in AM fungi, seem to be reported. Herein I would like to summarize low. In pot experiments, SPL7 at 100 pM these recent approaches and discuss whether it applied a week before planting of maize could is a reality or if more studies are needed to inhibit S. hermonthica infestation while GR24 adopt this strategy in parasitic weed required 10 nM for a similar effect. The management. (refer to earlier work with GR24 research group at Nagoya University and Nijmegen1 and problem of lability in represented by Yuichiro Tsuchiya has started soil?) field trials in Kenya to assess if SPL7 can be applied as a suicidal germinator for S. hermonthica in maize.

The third group working on Striga control by suicidal germination is led by Salim Al-Babili (KAUST, Saudi Arabia) in collaboration with Tadao Asami (The University of Tokyo, Japan) and Binne Zwanenburg (Radboud University, The Netherlands), and the project is supported by The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. They have developed a new class of synthetic SLs, methyl phenlactonoates (Jamil et al . 2018), and selected MP1 and MP3 for further study. These compounds did not affect AM colonization (Kountche et al . 2018). In 2016, Samejima et al. reported that They evaluated effectiveness of the application of a chemical stimulant T-010 phenlactonoates MP1 and MP3 along with the (Kondo et al . 2007) at 1 kg ai /ha could synthetic SL analog Nijmegen-1 (Nefkens et effectively reduce S. hermonthica infection by al . 1997), in rain-fed sorghum and pearl millet 33% in sorghum field trials irrigated for the fields in Burkina Faso (Kountche et al . 2019). distribution of the applied chemical (Samejima Treatment with these compounds resulted in et al . 2016). The research group led by up to 55–65% reduction of Striga emergence Yukihiro Sugimoto (Kobe University) and in these rain-fed fields, demonstrating that A.G.T. Babiker (Sudan University of Science these synthetic SLs can reduce Striga infection and Technology) also pointed out the through induction of suicidal germination in importance of developing more potent typical African small-holder farms. stimulants, effective formulations, and application protocols. These three groups have clearly demonstrated that suicidal germination is one of the In 2018, Uraguchi et al. developed a highly promising strategies for parasitic weed potent germination stimulant, sphynolactone-7 management, especially for Striga . However, (SPL7), which is more active than synthetic as Kountche et al. described in their recent strigolactone (SL) standard (+)-GR24 and as paper, 50–60% reduction of Striga emergence active as 5-deoxystrigol (5DS), the most active may not be enough for Striga control because SL, in germination stimulation of S. only a few seedlings per square meter may hermonthica seeds (Bouwmeester 2018; maintain the Striga seedbank. Therefore, to Uraguchi et al . 2018). Although natural SLs so reduce Striga seedbank effectively, Striga seed far characterized, and synthetic analogs germination should also be induced in the including GR24, also induce arbuscular absence of host crops. HAUSTORIUM 77 5

Suicidal germination strategy can be applied VO, Jia KP, Ali S, Hameed US, Nakamura for other root parasitic weeds, broomrapes H, Lyu Y, Jiang K, Hirabayashi K, (Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.) and Alectra Tanokura M, Arold ST, Asami T, Al-Babili spp. Indeed, Zwanenburg et al. (2016) reported S (2018) Methyl phenlactonoates are effectiveness of this strategy for P. ramosa efficient strigolactone analogs with simple control in tobacco. They pointed out that the structure. J Exp Bot 69 (9):2319–2331. timing of the wet conditioning period, the doi:10.1093/jxb/erx438 actual application of stimulants, and the Kondo Y, Tadokoro E, Matsuura M, Iwasaki K, planting of the crop are very critical. If the Sugimoto Y, Miyake H, Takikawa H, stimulants are applied at the incorrect time, Sasaki M (2007) Synthesis and seed they may promote parasitism due to the germination stimulating activity of some increased number of germinating parasite imino analogs of strigolactones. seeds. This may be one of reasons why this Bioscience, Biotechnology, and strategy has yet to be widely adopted in crops Biochemistry 71 (11):2781–2786. susceptible to root parasitic weeds. In addition, doi:10.1271/bbb.70398 species-specific stimulants like SPL7 may Kountche BA, Jamil M, Yonli D, Nikiema MP, need to be developed for each broomrape and Blanco-Ania D, Asami T, Zwanenburg B, Alectra species. Al-Babili S (2019) Suicidal germination as a control strategy for Striga hermonthica All plant species produce and release SLs, and (Benth.) in smallholder farms of sub- therefore, suicidal germination occurs if there Saharan Africa. Plants, People, Planet 1 is other vegetation inthe field. In fact, cotton (2):107–118. doi:10.1002/ppp3.32 and groundnut have been planted as trap crops Kountche BA, Novero M, Jamil M, Asami T, for S. hermonthica as they induce suicidal Bonfante P, Al-Babili S (2018) Effect of the germination of Striga seeds. However, weedy strigolactone analogs methyl parasites quickly attack their hosts when the phenlactonoates on spore germination and host crops return to the infested field even after root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal several decades. It is likely that at least some fungi. Heliyon 4 (11):e00936. of weedy the parasitic species can distinguish doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00936 SL profiles of preferable hosts from those of Nefkens GHL, Thuring JWJF, Beenakkers non-host plants, and their seeds may not MFM, Zwanenburg B (1997) Synthesis of respond well to SL profiles of non-hosts. a phthaloylglycine-derived strigol analogue and its germination stimulatory activity Accordingly, suicidal germination strategy toward seeds of the parasitic weeds Striga should be combined with other methods hermonthica and Orobanche crenata . J including resistant cultivars, intercropping Agric Food Chem 45 (6):2273–2277. with non-hosts (Push-Pull), crop-rotation, and doi:10.1021/jf9604504 so on. To eradicate the parasite seedbank, Ransom JK, Njoroge J (1991). Seasonal suicidal germination should be induced in the variation in ethylene-induced germination absence of host crops and be continued for at of Striga hermonthica in western Kenya. least several cropping seasons. In: Weber HC, Forstreuter W (eds) Proceedings, 4 th International Symposium There are some new options arising for on Parasitic Flowering Plants, Marburg, chemical management of root parasitic weeds. Germany, 1987, pp. 391-396. For example, inhibitors of SL biosynthesis and Samejima H, Babiker AG, Takikawa H, Sasaki perception can inhibit parasitism effectively M, Sugimoto Y (2016) Practicality of the (Yoneyama et al . 2019). Further studies are suicidal germination approach for necessary to introduce these chemicals in the controlling Striga hermonthica . Pest battles with root parasitic weeds in the field. Manag Sci 72 (11):2035–2042. doi:10.1002/ps.4215 References: Tasker AV, Westwood JH (2012) The U.S. witchweed eradication effort turns 50: a Bouwmeester H (2018) Can witchweed be retrospective and look-ahead on parasitic wiped out? Science 362 (6420):1248–1249. weed management. Weed Sci 60 (2):267– doi:10.1126/science.aau5445 268. doi:10.1614/ws-d-12-00003.1 Eplee RE (1975) Ethylene: A witchweed seed Uraguchi D, Kuwata K, Hijikata Y, Yamaguchi germination stimulant. Weed Sci 23 R, Imaizumi H, AM S, Rakers C, Mori N, (5):433–436. Akiyama K, Irie S, McCourt P, Kinoshita T, doi:10.1017/S0043174500062822 Ooi T, Tsuchiya Y (2018) A femtomolar- Jamil M, Kountche BA, Haider I, Guo X, Ntui range suicide germination stimulant for the HAUSTORIUM 77 6

parasitic plant Striga hermonthica . Science strategic crop for the continued production of 362 (6420):1301–1305. food, fodder and biomass in a changing doi:10.1126/science.aau5445 climate. Major production constrains to Yoneyama K, Xie X, Yoneyama K, Nomura T, sorghum in SSA are the parasitic weeds of the Takahashi I, Asami T, Mori N, Akiyama K, Striga genus ( S. asiatica and S. hermonthica ) Kusajima M, Nakashita H (2019) and poor soil fertility. These constraints are Regulation of biosynthesis, perception, and intertwined as crops seem more susceptible functions of strigolactones for promoting and sensitive to Striga infections when grown arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and under nutrient-deficiencies. This could partly managing root parasitic weeds. Pest Manag be due to reduced effectiveness of host plant Sci 75 (9):2353–2359. doi:10.1002/ps.5401 resistance and tolerance, but much of this is Zwanenburg B, Mwakaboko AS, Kannan C still unknown. Understanding this interaction (2016) Suicidal germination for parasitic is essential as host plant resistance and weed control. Pest Manag Sci 72 tolerance and fertilisers are key elements of (11):2016–2025. doi:10.1002/ps.4222 integrated Striga management. This project will explore these two elements and produce Koichi Yoneyama, Ehime University, Japan the knowledge, materials and tools for [email protected] synergetic integration.

(Editors’ Note: We would welcome Jonne Rodenburg comment on the prospects/difficulties in commercialisation of strigolactones for practical use. Registering new products for PRESS AND OTHER REPORTS the market is notoriously expensive. Although there is little further research Nuclear techniques help develop new needed to establish efficacy, there are the sorghum lines resistant to the parasitic weed costs of toxicological work which could be Striga highly significant. What cost of product would be acceptable for the parasitic weed Farmers in Africa will soon benefit from new market? These issues have been discussed sorghum varieties resistant to Striga — one of by Vurro et al. 2016. Strigolactones: how far the most devastating parasitic weeds that is their commercial use for agricultural impact crop yields on the continent. Improved purposes?( https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/d sorghum lines with resistance to Striga have oi/abs/10.1002/ps.4254 ). We would welcome been developed using gamma ray irradiation, comments on this important question.) with the support of the IAEA and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). ‘This important achievement is of great significance, especially as we PROJECT UPDATE prepare for the International Year of Plant Striga Smart Sorghum Solutions for Health 2020,’ said Qu Liang, Director of the Smallholders in East Africa (A new Global FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Challenges Research Fund project between Food and Agriculture. ‘For African farmers, NRI and Kenyatta University, funded by the the availability of Striga-resistant sorghum Royal Society) varieties will be a major breakthrough: it will improve livelihoods for rural communities and December 2019 marks the start of a new contribute to food security,’ said Abdelbagi GCRF - Royal Society (UK) funded project Ghanim, a plant breeder and geneticist at the entitled, part of an International Collaborations Joint FAO/IAEA Division. Striga infestation is Award, granted to Jonne Rodenburg of the a scourge that continues to pose a huge Natural Resources Institute (NRI), part of the challenge for crop productivity, reducing University of Greenwich in the UK, and national and regional capacity for food Steven Runo of the Kenyatta University in production, he added. Striga is present in parts Kenya. of Africa, Asia, and Australia, with the greatest crop losses in Africa’s savannahs. FAO Sustainable intensification of sorghum estimates that annual crop loss due to Striga production, an indispensable crop for millions across Africa exceeds US $7 billion, impacting of poor families, is key to ensuring food over 300 million people. Up to 50 million security and improving livelihoods in sub- hectares of crop land are Striga-infested, Saharan Africa (SSA). Sorghum is relatively Ghanim said. ‘Striga is a major biological drought and heat tolerant and therefore a constraint to cereal production in most of sub- HAUSTORIUM 77 7

Saharan Africa and semi-arid tropical regions ‘The affected African countries, including my of Asia.’ Crops such as sorghum, millet, maize own, Burkina Faso, will benefit from new and upland rice face the biggest threat from improved sorghum lines and varieties this parasitic weed. developed through this project. Results of the project will also help to understand the The two most destructive Striga strains are physiological and molecular bases of host- Striga hermonthica and Striga asiatica , parasite interaction to enable the development Ghanim said. To combat Striga, new varieties of further solutions to restore cereals of sorghum have been developed using production and boost food security in Africa,’ irradiation, in a technique known as plant he added. ‘ Striga threatens food security in mutation breeding ‘Thanks to glass-house and rural areas where it has been expanding and field trials, we succeeded in the selection of taking over millions of hectares, including improved lines, and we expect that new those owned by of poor farmers.’ Experts are resistant varieties developed from these lines now analysing the induced resistance in will be released to farmers within the next two different sorghum varieties to enable years, in some of the participating countries,’ combining more than one defense mechanism and produce even more resistant sorghum In plant breeding programmes, the primary varieties to restore production and ensure food challenge is to identify new and improved security and the livelihoods of farmers. lines, with desired traits, before they can be developed into varieties that can be cultivated Aabha Dixit, IAEA Office of Public by farmers. The ongoing research and Information and Communication development using irradiation has identified 5 September, 2019 such lines with proven resistance to Striga, and these are being developed into varieties that Helixanthera cylindrica – a mistletoe on can be disseminated to farmers in the near mango in Kuala Trengganu, Malaysia term. A visit to Cambodia near Sihanoukeville in May 2014, the writer spotted a colourful mistletoe on a mango plant which Dr Don Kirkup identified as Helixanthera cylindrica (HAUSTORIUM 65 July 2014 page 5). The writer has not been seen H. cylindrica on mango plant in many places on west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The common mistletoes found growing on mango plants in west coast areas are Dendrophthoe pentandra and Scurrula ferruginea. Phillipe Nikiema, a researcher at Burkina Faso's Environmental Institute of Agricultural Recently (last week of July 2019), the writer Research points to the impressive difference saw the same mistletoe on many mango plants between wild and newly developed sorghum in Kuala Trengganu ( GPS Coordinates: 5.3296 mutants under artificial infestation with Striga degree N, 103.1370 degree E ), on the east seeds. (Photo: A. Ghanim/IAEA) coast of Peninsular Malaysia. See pictures of H. cylindrica growing on mango branch (Fig ‘I am so excited to see the power of nuclear 1) and a close up view of red flower (Fig 2) technology applications for mutation taken in Kuala Trengganu. breeding; I hope the varieties developed from the improved sorghum lines selected in this project will finally restore production of cereals in the heavily Striga infested areas in Africa,’ said Phillipe Nikiema, a researcher at Burkina Faso’s Environmental Institute of Agricultural Research and a participant of an IAEA Striga coordinated research project. The results originating from this project focus specifically on understanding and developing solutions for resistance to Striga in cereal crops, involving experts from twelve countries. Fig 1. H. cylindrica growing on mango branch HAUSTORIUM 77 8

and mammal sightings and alert management to any problems.

Crispin Hemson October 27, 2019.

Grasspea and finger millet pre-breeding get a boost

Plant breeders need genetic diversity in order to improve the yield and nutritional quality of crops and adapt them to changing climatic conditions. But that diversity is limited in cultivated grasspea and finger millet. Fig 2. Close up view of a flower and bud of H. However, in recent years, pre-breeders cylindrica working on the Crop Trust’s Crop Wild Relatives Project have expanded that diversity Gait-Fee Chung, by tapping into wild and ancient domesticated 31 July 2019. forms of the two crops.

The Banded Matchflower This new project, funded by the Templeton World Charity Foundation, Inc., will allow pre-breeders to continue their work and ultimately contribute to food security, human health, income for rural poor, while protecting the environment.

Ridding grasspea of toxins ‘Grasspea is a nutritious crop which is heat- and drought-tolerant and often survives when other crops fail, thus gaining a reputation as a ‘famine crop’,’ said Shiv Agrawal, a legume breeder with the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), who will spearhead the work on grasspea in the new project. The problem with This is the 40th in an ongoing series that the crop is that it contains a toxin that can highlights the riches of Pigeon Valley, the cause paralysis if people eat too much of it as a urban nature reserve in the heart of Glenwood, sole food source. By mapping the genome Natal. The focus of this article will be on the sequence of both cultivated grasspea and its Banded Matchflower, Oncocalyx closest wild relatives, Shiv’s team can quinquenervius accelerate the pace of breeding by ‘tagging’ those genes in the wild species which he This striking flower is that of a seldom wishes to transfer to the cultivated crop. encountered mistletoe. A couple of years ago I was investigating a sewage leak on the Developing a Striga -resistant finger millet northern fence of Pigeon Valley next to a large Finger millet is also a highly nutritious, Natal Elm when I realised that the ground was drought-tolerant crop, but one that still doesn’t covered in flowers different from the get the research attention it deserves. ‘We have prevailing local mistletoe ( Erianthemum the potential to significantly increase yields in dregei ). Looking up, I could see large areas of East Africa, where finger millet is an important the tree covered in mistletoe. Later I found subsistence crop for small-scale farmers, evidence that there are small patches elsewhere particularly women,’ said Damaris Odeny, a in Pigeon Valley on other Natal Elms or molecular geneticist with the International Thorny Elms. Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) in Nairobi, who led the The riches of Pigeon Valley Nature Reserve Crop Wild Relatives Project finger millet pre- explained by Glenwood resident and chair of breeding work. the Friends of Pigeon Valley who undertake clearing of alien plants, keep records of bird HAUSTORIUM 77 9

Finger millet yields are stagnating in part due to a sap-sucking plant parasite known as Striga ‘This bird is totally unique,’ said Dr and blast disease. Damaris’s national partners Christopher Milensky, collections manager for in Kenya have succeeded in developing the Division of Birds at the Smithsonians crosses between wild relatives of finger millet National Museum of Natural History. ‘Its and its cultivated varieties that show promise unlike anything else, and it is the latest for Striga and blast resistance, as well as example of the rich biodiversity that can be tolerance to drought. Several superior crosses found in this region.’ Ten years after it was have already been identified and crossed again initially discovered, in March 2019, Dr with varieties preferred by farmers in the Milensky and his colleagues managed to country. Some of these are currently capture a female of the species and examine it undergoing adaptation trials and will closely. They analysed its external features and subsequently be released in Kenya for use by compared its DNA to that of other farmers. flowerpeckers. Surprisingly, they found that Spectacled Flowerpecker is quite distinct and ‘The Templeton-Crop Trust project will now is not closely related to any other known help us make this newly developed breeding flowerpecker species. ‘It isn’t related to any of material available to other countries in East the other flowerpeckers all that closely. Its a Africa,’ said Damaris. ‘Our objective is to whole new species that distinctly stands out,’ develop successful and well-integrated pre- said Dr Jacob Saucier, also from the breeding programs in Ethiopia, Uganda and Smithsonians National Museum of Natural Tanzania, as well as Kenya, so that we can History. capitalize on the rich genetic diversity that exists in these centers of finger millet The researchers also analysed the bird’s diet diversity.’ and found that it eats the berries of mistletoe, a parasitic plant that grows high in the forest International Center for Agricultural Research canopy. Through DNA analysis and close in the Dry Areas inspection of seeds from the birds gut, the 6 October, 2019 team was able to identify the type of mistletoe that Spectacled Flowerpecker eats. ‘We hope New flowerpecker species described from this discovery will bring attention to the Borneo unexplored diversity that remains in the forests of Borneo — and the importance of conserving An international team of ornithologists, led by these threatened ecosystems,’ the team said. the Smithsonian Institutions National Museum ‘Protecting the regions natural resources from of Natural History, has scientifically described logging, palm plantations and other sources of a new species of flowerpecker from the island deforestation is critical to preserve endemic of Borneo. The species, which has been species, as well as the homes and livelihoods named Spectacled Flowerpecker, belongs to a of the islands indigenous people.’ ‘The family of small, fruit-eating passerines found knowledge and skills of the local people were throughout tropical southern Asia, Australia essential in enabling our research team to and nearby islands. Spectacled Flowerpecker access the wildlife preserve and animals for the resides in lowland forests and was first study,’ Dr Saucier said. recorded in the Danum Valley of Sabah, in north-eastern Malaysian Borneo, in 2009. ‘The scientific name that we chose for Spectacled Flowerpecker, Dicaeum dayakorum , honours the Dayaks, the people who live in and are working to protect the islands forests.’

Saucier, J, et al. 2019. A distinctive new species of flowerpecker (Passeriformes: Dicaeidae) from Borneo. Zootaxa. 4826: (4. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4686.4. 1)

Bird Guides October 24 th 2019.

Spectacled flowerpecker Photo Jacob Saucier HAUSTORIUM 77 10

Kissing under the mistletoe what we can also tell, this happens with corpses as well, as the main Striga we know It is believed the first people to become aware of, Princess Adda, fell to the curse when she of mistletoe’s romantic powers were the and her mother died during childbirth. Druids who wandered Europe in the 1st Accordingly, Striga are known to be immense Century A.D. They believed that ‘mistletoe, creatures, lopsided and horribly disfigured. taken in drink, will impart fecundity to all Geralt describes the one that he fought as animals that are barren.’ Druids would having a disproportionately large head on a reportedly hang the plant over their doors for short neck, and a ‘tangled, curly halo of luck. Historians learned about mistletoe’s reddish hair.’ The creature is shown to have romantic reputation through Pliny the Elder, immense, jagged teeth set in its maw, and long one of the world’s first known naturalists. He talons that can rend most flesh into chunks thought the Druids’ beliefs about mistletoe with one swipe. were silly, but the reputation stuck thanks in part to a Norse myth. Andy Chalk, PC Gamer 11November, 2019. The story involved Frigga, the goddess of love and marriage, who loved her son Baldur so Plants in ancient Antalya sites to be taken much that she and Baldur’s wife teamed up to under protection make all the world’s plants and animals to promise not to hurt him. Well, they got all the Ancient cities in the southern province of plants, except mistletoe. Loki, the god of Antalya, which host millions of tourists every mischief who Marvel fans will recognize as year, constitute a living space for endemic Thor’s pesky brother, realized the mistake and plants. Within the scope of a project under the made a spear out of mistletoe and killed Civil Society Dialogue V Program and funded Baldur. If it ended there, it wouldn’t be a by the European Union, five endemic plants in particularly sweet story, but in some versions five ancient cities along with the reliefs in of the tale, as Frigga cried over the loss of her archaeological remains - Lathyrus son, her motherly tears turned into mistletoe phaselitanus of the ancient city of Phaselis, berries. Those berries somehow brought Alkanna macrophylla of Perge, Orobanche Baldur back to life, so Frigga declared sideana of Side, Himantoglossum montis-tauri mistletoe to be a symbol of love. According to of Aspendos and Colchicum baytopiorum of The Smithsonian magazine, ‘Mistletoe would Termessos, which grow only in these areas in come to hang over our doors as a reminder to the world, will be taken under protection. never forget. We kiss beneath it to remember what Baldur’s wife and mother forgot.’ is home to 10,000 plant species and about one-third of them are endemic plant species. While 800 of these plants are in The Striga from ‘The Witcher’ – the Antalya and 70-80 species of Antalya’s monster & curse explained endemic plants are in critical danger of (extract from item by Luke Alphonso) extinction. The project, called ‘Endemic Flowers, Ancient Cities from Apollo from (NB Now we know what we are up against!) Athena,’ aims to protect these five endemic plants growing only in five ancient cities of Antalya and will continue for 15 months. For the project, brochures prepared for the conservation of endemic species threatened by touristic visits and unconscious tourism activities are distributed to eco-tourism guides and seminars are organized on the subject. Also, the distribution of the species is modeled on a digital map, and seed transfers are made to the most suitable environments in the ancient cities depending on the threat factors.

The Witcher series is a Polish and literary Within the scope of the project, in cooperation phenomenon written by Andrzej Sapkowski. with archaeologists who carry out Here’s a little background; a Striga , from what archaeological studies in ancient cities, we know, is a woman that’s been cursed to trainings are also provided for university transform into a horrid creature at night. From students in these ancient cities. The project HAUSTORIUM 77 11 partner, is doing the same work in four histochemical analysis of β-glucuronidase ancient cities in . Researchers from both (GUS) reporter gene. Finally, Agrobacterium countries continue their dialogues with each tumefaciens -mediated transformation of the other about their projects. Associate Professor maize varieties over-expressing PAP gene Gökhan Deniz of Akdeniz University, who cassette was achieved and transgenic lines coordinates the project, said that they were evaluated using S. hermonthica -host plant now detecting the flora elements and endemic infection assays in vitro and in potted species growing in the five ancient cities in the experiments. The morphometric analysis of region. bacterial and fungal descriptors identified bacterial isolates that displayed array of ‘We are working on visualization studies on enzymatic and antibiosis properties and also the archaeological artifacts,’ he said. that had ability to cause Striga seed decay. For Stating that first society should be informed instance isolate SM5ISS (KY041696) with about the endemic plants for their protection, 99% genetic affiliation to Bacillus recorded Deniz said that the visitor factor came first in high antibiosis (8cm) and extra cellular some regions among the threats against those enzymatic values (2.5±0.03) and also recorded endemic plants. He gave the example of the the highest number of S. hermonthica page ancient city of Side, which is the only habitat 16xvseed decay (45±0.23%). This bio- for Orobanche sideana in the world, saying prospection study summarily identified that the plant was affected by the high number candidate isolates that caused S. hermonthica of visitors and out-of-control activities. seed decay. The regeneration study revealed that Namba nane, KSTP'94 and CML144 Hurriyet Daily News varieties recorded a regeneration frequency of September 18, 2019 26.1±1.11%, 32.1±1.28% and 35.4±1.24%, respectively, while their corresponding GUS transformability efficiency values were THESIS 0.8±0.03%, 1.4±0.19% and 2.1±0.20%, respectively. Transformation of Namba nane Exploring biological control and transgenic with LaPAP and MtPAP gene construct weed management approaches against recorded a transformation efficiency of infestation by Striga hermonthica in maize. 0.33±0.03% and 0.36±0.04%, respectively, Johnstone Omukhulu Neondo while the corresponding values for LaPAP and PhD Jomo Kenyatta University Supervisors MtPAP gene constructs in KSTP'94 were Dr. Amos Emitati Alakonya and Dr. Remmy 0.69±0.05% and 0.37±0.03%,respectively. Wekesa Kasili 2017. Transformation of CML144 with LaPAP and MtPAP gene construct recorded a Abstract (omitting some introduction) transformation efficiency of 0.65±0.03% and 0.34±0.03%, respectively. These results The aim of this study was to simultaneously demonstrated that the target maize germplasm explore biocontrol options by bio-prospecting was transformable. Over-expression of LaPAP the effectiveness of culturable microbes and MtPAP in the selected maize genotypes against S. hermonthica as well as enhancing P resulted in low numbers of S. hermonthica availability to maize by genetic transformation colonizing transgenic maize in comparison to of ecologically adapted maize genotypes with wild type maize. For instance, in Namba nane P efficient Purple Acid Phosphatase (PAP) the average number of Striga plants colonizing genes from Lupinus albus (LaPAP) and individual wild maize plant in both rhizotron Medicago truncatula (MtPAP). To explore the and bucket experiments were 9 and 4 while the biocontrol frontier, bacterial and fungal corresponding numbers for LaPAP and MtPAP isolates from Striga suppressive soils were transgenic were 4, 1 and 5, 2, respectively. For assayed for their ability to produce extra- KSTP'94 the average number of Striga plants cellular enzymes and antibiotic compounds as colonizing individual wild maize plants in both well as their ability to induce S. hermonthica rhizotron and bucket experiments were 4 and 3 seed decay and later genotyped using 16S while the corresponding numbers for LaPAP rRNA and 18S rRNA genes, respectively. In and MtPAP transgenic was 3, 1 and 3, 1, order to develop transgenic maize plants respectively. In the case of CML144 the expressing target PAP genes, a regeneration average number of Striga plants colonizing protocol with an assortment of callus induction individual wild maize plant in both rhizotron and callus maturation/shoot induction media and bucket experiments were 12 and 7 while were evaluated. Further, the transformability the corresponding numbers for LaPAP and of target maize varieties was assessed via MtPAP transgenic plants was 6, 2 and 8, 3, HAUSTORIUM 77 12

respectively. Analysis of the ability of root For Dan Nickrent’s ‘The Parasitic Plant exudate to induce S. hermonthica s seed Connection’ see: germination was higher in wild type than http://www.parasiticplants.siu.edu/ transgenic maize. For instance, the average *For the Parasitic Plant Genome Project (PPGP) number of Striga seeds stimulated to germinate see: http://ppgp.huck.psu.edu/ in Namba nane under treatments; wilt-type, For information on the new Frontiers Journal LaPAP and MtPAP was 7, 4 and 6, ‘Advances in Parasitic Weed Research’ see: respectively. In KSTP'94, the average number http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/393 of Striga seeds stimulated to germinate in 8/advances-in-parasitic-weed-research Namba nane under treatments; wild-type, For information on the EU COST 849 Project LaPAP and MtPAP was 5, 2 and 3 (now completed) and reports of its meetings respectively. Lastly, in CML144 the average see: http://cost849.ba.cnr.it/ number of Striga seeds stimulated to germinate For a description of the PROMISE project in Namba nane under treatments; wild-type, (Promoting Root Microbes for Integrated LaPAP and MtPAP was 5, 2 and 3, Striga Eradication), see: respectively. http://promise.nioo.knaw.nl/en/about *For PARASITE - Preparing African Rice Summarily, this study identified microbes that Farmers Against Parasitic Weeds in a were potent against S. hermonthica and Changing Environment: see proposes their use in reduction of S. http://www.parasite-project.org/ hermonthica seed bank in infested soils. For the Annotated Checklist of Host Plants of Further, it was demonstrated that indeed over- , see: expression of PAPgenesin maize results in less http://www.farmalierganes.com/Flora/Angiosp S. hermonthica infestation. The use of the two ermae/Orobanchaceae/Host_Orobanchaceae_C approaches is therefore recommended in an hecklist.htm integrated S. hermonthica management For a description and other information about the package that would be able to impede the Desmodium technique for Striga suppression, parasite in infested and low P soils especially see: http://www.push-pull.net/ in western Kenya. For information on the work of the African Agricultural Technology Foundation (AATF) on Striga control in Kenya, including FORTHCOMING MEETING(S) periodical ‘Strides in Striga Management’ and ‘Partnerships’ newsletters, see: International Weed Science Congress on 21-26 http://www.aatf-africa.org/ June 2020 in Bangkok, Thailand. Go to: *For Access Agriculture (click on cereals for https://www.iwsc2020.com/old-home videos on Striga ) see: There will be a session on parasitic and http://www.accessagriculture.org/ invasive plants. For information on future Mistel in derTumortherapie Symposia see: 2nd World Congress on Plant Genomics and http://www.mistelsymposium.de/deutsch/- Plant Breeding, May 21-22, 2020, Berlin, mistelsymposien.aspx Germany. There will be a session on Weed For a compilation of literature on Viscum album Science. Go to ; prepared by Institute Hiscia in Arlesheim, https://conferenceera.com/plant-genomics- Switzerland, see: plant-breeding-conference/ http://www.vfk.ch/informationen/literatursuch e (in German but can be searched by inserting author name). GENERAL WEB SITES For an excellent publication by the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul on Southern For individual web-site papers and reports see Brazilian Mistletoes (Dettke, G.A. and LITERATURE Waechter, J.L. 2013) see: https://fieldguides.fieldmuseum.org/sites/defau * these websites may need copy and paste. lt/files/rapid-color-guides-pdfs/493.pdf ) For the work of Forest Products Commission For information on the International Parasitic (FPC) on sandalwood, see: Plant Society, past issues of Haustorium, etc. http://www.fpc.wa.gov.au/sandalwood see: http://www.parasiticplants.org/ (in the For 6th Mistletoe Symposium, Germany, course of reconstruction) November 2015 see: : s https://www.iwsc2020.com/old-home http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/ 09447113/22/supp/S1 HAUSTORIUM 77 13

LITERATURE 51(5): 1711-1718. [Noting the occurrence of Osyris alba in the shrub layer.] *indicates web-site reference only Amer, A., Taha, H., Ammar, N., Salama, M. Items in bold selected for special interest and El-Alfy, T. 2018. Applicability of Items in blue relate to therapeutic uses of different molecular markers techniques for parasitic plants genetic distinguish between two genera Cressa Linn. and Cuscuta Yunck. family Abdelhalim, T., Jannoura, R. and Joergensen, Convolvulaceae. Pakistan Journal of R.G. 2019. Mycorrhiza response and Biological Sciences 21(4): 179-186. phosphorus acquisition efficiency of [Concluding that the SCoT molecular sorghum cultivars differing in strigolactone technique (PCR based DNA fingerprint) is composition. Plant and Soil 437(12): 55- superior for distinguishing the two genera.] 63. [Comparing two Striga -resistant *Ammara Riaz and 10 others. 2018. varieties (orobanchol-secreting) and two Astragalin: a bioactive phytochemical with susceptible (5-deoxystrigol-secreting) for potential therapeutic activities. Advances in their P-acquisition and mycorrhizal Pharmacological Sciences 2018: Article ID development. Strigolactone type did not 9794625. significantly affect growth, but one of the (https://www.hindawi.com/journals/aps/20 orobanchol-secreting varieties, IS9380, 18/9794625/ ) [ Discussing the activity of showed high P acquisition and greatest root astragalin, a component in Cuscuta growth leaf area and shoot dry weight] chinensis, and the need for further research Akbar, I.Z., Dewi, F.R.P. and Setiawan, B. on its potential.] 2019. In silico interaction of the active *Annor, B., Badu-Apraku, B., Nyadanu, D., compounds of scurrula atropurpurea with Akromah, R. and Fakorede, M.A.B. 2019. the RANK/RANKL/OPG system in Testcross performance and combining diabetoporosis. Acta Informatica Medica ability of early maturing maize inbreds 27(1): 8-11. [Studying the activity of 9 under multiple-stress environments. components of S. atropurpurea on Scientific Reports 9(1): 13809. diabetes-related osteoporosis in Indonesia. (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598- Conclusions not clear (to me) from the 019-50345-3) [Four of the 205 inbreds abstract.] studied had significant positive general Akbulut, S., Karakose, M. and Özkan, Z.C. combining ability effects each under low N 2019. Traditional uses of some wild plants and drought, and three under Striga for in Kale and Acıpayam provinces in grain yield.] Denizli. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Andiego, K.P., Dangasuk, O.G., Odee, D.W., Fakültesi Dergisi 19(1): 72-81. [Reviewing Omondi, F.S., Otieno, D.F. and Balozi, the range plants used medicinally in this B.K. 2019. Genetic diversity of endangered region of Turkey, and noting the newly sandalwood ( Osyris lanceolata ) recorded use of Viscum album ssp. populations in Kenya using ISSR austriacum as a vasodilatory drug.] molecular markers. East African Akaogu, I.C., Badu-Apraku, B., Tongoona, P., Agricultural and Forestry Journal 83(2): Ceballos, H., Gracen, V., Offei, S.K. and 80-93. [Showing that a Baringo population Dzidzienyo, D. 2019. Inheritance of Striga of O. lanceolata is genetically distinct from hermonthica adaptive traits in an early- 2 other populations in Kenya, but that there maturing white maize inbred line was much variation within each and all containing resistance genes from Zea require conservation after excessive diploperennis . Plant Breeding 138(5): 546- exploitation for cosmetic and 552. [Concluding that inbred TZdEI 352 pharmaceutical uses.] could serve as invaluable parent for hybrid *Andres, J., Blomeier, T. and Zurbriggen, M. development in Striga endemic agro- 2019. Synthetic switches and regulatory ecologies of sub-Saharan Africa.] circuits in plants. Plant physiology 179(3): Al-Fatimi, M. 2019. Ethnobotanical survey of pp.01362.2018. medicinal plants in central Abyan (http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/179/3 governorate, Yemen. Journal of /862 ) [‘Reviewing theoretical-experimental Ethnopharmacology 241: pp.111973. approaches to the engineering of synthetic [Including reference to Hydnora abyssinica chemical- and light-regulated (optogenetic) for treatment of stomach ulcers.] switches for the targeted interrogation and Altay, V. 2019. Ecology of Pinus sylvestri s L. control of cellular processes, including forests - a case study from existing applications in the plant field.’ (Turkey). Pakistan Journal of Botany HAUSTORIUM 77 14

Including reference to strigolactones and the potential for genetic engineering and parasitic plants.] gene silencing.] Arma ğan, M. 2018. Pedicularis Bahaa, E.S. and Abd El-Fatah. 2019. munzurdaghensis (Orobanchaceae), a new Inheritance of faba bean resistance to species from Turkey. Phytotaxa 333(1): broomrape, genetic diversity and QTL 124-130. [Describing P. munzurdaghensi, mapping analysis. Molecular Biology morphologically close to, P. cadmea , P. Reports 2019(Oct 4): 1-22. arguteserrata , and P. anthemifolia, (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007% occurring in rocky limestone in eastern 2Fs11033-019-05101-1#citeas ) [Studying Turkey.] F1 and F2 generations from 6 V. faba Azami-Sardooei, Z., Shahreyarinejad, S., parents, and finding population P5 x P6 Rouzkhosh, M. and Fekrat, F. 2018. The (Assiut 125 x Romy 12) to be the most first report on feeding of Oxycarenus promising for selection for resisance to hyalinipennis and Aphis fabae on dodder Orobanche crenata in Egypt.] Cuscuta campestris in . Journal of Crop Bahadur, K.C.K. 2018. Current status, Protection 7(1): 121-124. [Reporting the distribution pattern and associations of occurrence of O. hyalinipennis sandalwood ( Santalum album ) in Pyuthan (Hemiptera) feeding on capsules of C. district of Nepal. The Clarion 7(2): 1-11. campestris parasitising Ziziphus spina- [Reviewing the distribution of S. album in christi; and Aphis fabae , causing severe Nepal (not occurring over 1200 m) and damage to stems of C. campestris on discussing host species and management Dodonaea viscosa.] methods.] Badu-Apraku, B. and Akinwale, R.O. 2019. Bai CuiLan, Wang QingHu, Xu YanHua, Han Biplot analysis of line × tester data of JunSheng and Bao YinPing. 2018. The maize ( Zea mays L.) inbred lines under isolation and structural elucidation of a stress and nonstress environments. Cereal new iridoid glycoside from Cymbaria Research Communications 47(3): 518-530. dahurica L. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. [Using a GGE biplot technique to identify B, Chemical Sciences 73(6): 377-379. tester lines TZEEI 13, TZEEI 21 and [Presumably of interest in relation to the TZEEI 29 as the most efficient across medicinal uses of C. dahurica stress environments (including Striga (Orobanchaceae), e.g in Mongolia.] infestation).] Bamba, B., Gueye, M., Ngom, D., Ka, S.L., *Baena-Díaz, F., Ramírez-Barahona, S. and Diop, B. and Kanfany, G. 2019. Ornelas, J.F. 2018. Hybridization and (Characterization of local practices of sanio differential introgression associated with millet [ Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br] in environmental shifts in a mistletoe species wet Sudanese zone in Senegal.) (in French) complex. Scientific Reports 8(1): 5591. International Journal of Biological and (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598- Chemical Sciences 13(2): 1054-1063. 018-23707-6) [Microsatellites revealed a [Noting that pearl millet is subject to high level of admixture (introgression) damage by Striga hermonthica in Senegal] between Psittacanthus schiedianus and P. Banerjee, A. and Stefanovi ć, S. 2019. Caught calyculatus (Loranthaceae) because of gene in action: fine-scale plastome evolution in flow following secondary contact in areas the parasitic plants of Cuscuta section of sympatry in Oaxaca and allopatry in Ceratophorae (Convolvulaceae). Plant Chiapas.] Molecular Biology 100(6): 621-634. *Baghyalakshmi Kari, Sarala, K. [Microsatellites revealed a high level of Prabhakararao, K. and Reddy, D.D. 2019. admixture (introgression) between Orobanche menace in crop plants: host Psittacanthus schiedianus and P. resistance as a potential tool to control. calyculatus (Loranthaceae) because of gene Journal of Pharmacognosy and flow following secondary contact in areas Phytochemistry 2019(SP2): 93-102. of sympatry in Oaxaca and allopatry in (http://www.phytojournal.com/archives/20 Chiapas.] 19/vol8issue2S/PartC/SP-8-2-49-366.pdf ) Bàrberi, P. 2019. Ecological weed [A quite detailed review of the importance management in Sub-Saharan Africa: and biology of ‘ Orobanche ’ spp. including prospects and implications on other their germination, and discussing the agroecosystem services. Advances in breeding of resistance in sunflower to O. Agronomy 15: 219-264. [A review cumana , in faba bean to O. crenata , in promoting the integration of available tobacco to O. cernua in tobacco, and in control methods for Striga .] tomato to Phelipanche spp. in tomato, Also HAUSTORIUM 77 15

*Bari, V.K., Nassar, J.A., Kheredin, S.M., Gal- Determination of high oleic type and On, A., Ron, M., Britt, A., Steele, D., broomrape resistant sunflower hybrids by Yoder, J. and Aly, R. 2019. CRISPR/Cas9- DNA markers. EKIN, Journal of Crop mediated mutagenesis of CAROTENOID Breeding and Genetics (4): 22-30. CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 8 in [Identifying SCAR markers (RTS28, tomato provides resistance against the RTS29, RTS40 and RTS41) and SSR parasitic weed Phelipanche aegyptiaca. markers (ORS1036 and ORS1040) as being Scientific Reports 9(1): 11438. linked to the Or 5 gene, providing (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598- resistance to all five races (A-E) of 019-47893-z) [CRISPR/Cas9 used as an Orobanche cumana .] editing tool to alter a gene involved in Bisht, A. Kumar, A, Gautam,. R.D. and Arya, carotenoid metabolism, leading to lower R.K. 2019. Breeding of pearl millet strigolactone production in tomato plants] (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.). In: Al- Bascos, E.M.A., Rodriguez, L.J.V., Duya, Khayri, J.M. Jain, S.M. and Johnason, D.V. M.V., Fernando, E.S. and Ong, P.S. 2019. (Eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Philippine Rafflesia : emerging patterns in Strategies: Cereals, pp 165-221. [A floral morphology and distribution. Flora comprehensive review including reference (Jena) 257: 151409. [A key to Philipppine to Striga -resistance.] Rafflesia species, as was presented by Blanco-Ania, D., Mateman, J.J., Hýlová, A., Barcelona et al. in 2011, is presented that Spíchal, L., Debie, L.M. and Zwanenburg, now includes the two new species R. mixta B. 2019. Hybrid-type strigolactone and R. consueloae .] analogues derived from auxins. Pest Bashar K.H.Al-Gburi1, Fadhil H.Al-Sahaf1, Management Science 75(11): .3113-3121. Del-Monte2, J.P., Fadhal A.Al-Fadhal1 and [8 new compounds synthesised and tested Akeel E.Mohammed. 2019. The effect of for germination of S. hermonthica, filaments and seeds on the virulence of Orobanche minor and Phelipanche Cuscuta campestris on eggplant. ramosa . Those with with a natural International Journal of Agricultural and monomethylated D-ring had appreciable to Statistical Sciences 15(1): 79-82. [In an good activity towards the three species and experiment in Iraq, seeds of C. campetsris were the most active, while derivatives did not germinate but 4g of 10cm lengths with the trimethylated D-ring showed no of stem infected eggplant.] activity and the dimethylated derivatives *Bell, D.M., Pabst, R.J. and Shaw, D.C. 2019. (2,4-dimethyl and 3,4-dimethyl) were Tree growth declines and mortality were slightly active, especially towards P. associated with a parasitic plant during ramosa .] warm and dry climatic conditions in a Borowicz, V.A., Walder, M.R. and Armstrong, temperate coniferous forest ecosystem. J.E. 2019. Coming undone: hemiparasite Global Change Biology presence and effects in a prairie grassland (https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14834 ) diminish over time. Oecologia 190(3): 679- [[Studying the effects of Arceuthobium 688. [A ten year experiment traced the tsugense on the growth and mortality of effects of Pedicularis canadensis on the large (ca. 50cm diameter) Tsuga biodiversity of the associated vegetation, heterophylla in a 500 year old coniferous with and without the application of forest in Washington State, USA over a fertilizer.] period of 23 years, and noting that Borzouei, S., Sharifi, R. and Moarrefzadeh, N. damaging effects of the parasite were 2019. Induction of systemic resistance in greatly amplified by warm, dry conditions.] tomato against broomrape ( Phelipanche Ben Attia, I., Zucca, P., Marincola, F.C., Piras, aegyptiaca ). Journal of Phytopathology A., Rosa, A., Chaieb, M. and Rescigno, A. 167(10): 567-575. [Concluding that it was 2018. Chemical composition and possible to use a mixture of rhizobacteria antioxidant potential differences between including Bacillus pumilus INR7 and Cynomorium coccineum L. growing in Lysinibacillus boronitolerans B124, and Italy and in Tunisia: effect of defence inducers such as biogenic volatiles environmental stress. Diversity 10(3): 53. as a promising approach in the [Comparing the anti-oxidant qualities of C. management of P. aegyptiaca .] coccineum from Tunisia and southern Italy Bouwmeester, H. 2018. Can witchweed be and finding significant differences wiped out? Science (Washington) presumed due to differences in climate.] 362(6420): 1248-1249. [Referring to the Bılgen, B.B., Daneshvar, S., Evcı, G., Pekcan, paper by Uraguchi et al. (see below) and V., Yılmaz, M.I and; Kaya, Y. 2018. the discovery of highly potent HAUSTORIUM 77 16

germination stimulants, and discussing Technology 7(8): 1189-1202. [Noting that the possibility of their use to eradicate a considerable loss in growth and yield of parasitic weedss of the Orobanchaceae. many food and fodder crops are caused by See Literature Highlight above.] Striga hermonthica and Orobanche spp. in Briache, F.Z. and 9 others. 2019. Field and Ethiopia.] controlled conditions screenings of some Busch, K.B. 2018. Respiration: life without faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) genotypes for Complex I. Current Biology 28(1): R616- resistance to the parasitic plant Orobanche R6 18 . [‘Eukaryotic life has developed a crenata Forsk. and investigation of fascinating and highly optimized system involved resistance mechanisms. Journal of for energy transduction: the Plant Diseases and Protection 126(3): 211- mitochondrial respiratory chain. 224. [Of 6 genotypes tested, Giza 843, Typically composed of five core protein Misr1, and Misr3 genotypes showed complexes, we now learn from two moderate resistance to O. crenata and 2-4- studies (see items by Senkler et al. and fold yield increase compared with the Maclean et al. – see below) that plant susceptible standards thanks to hemi-parasites of the Viscum album type combinations of lower host root density, cope without Complex I, the entry point reduced attachment on host roots and of the classical respiratory system.’] delayed development of infection .] Cala, A., Zorrilla, J.G., Rial, C., Molinillo, Bromhead, L.J., Norman, A.R., Snowden, J.M.G., Varela, R.M. and Macías, F.A. K.C., Janssen, B.J. and McErlean, C.S.P. 2019. Easy access to alkoxy, amino, 2018. Enantioselective total synthesis and carbamoyl, hydroxy, and thiol derivatives biological evaluation of (-)-solanacol. of sesquiterpene lactones and evaluation of Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry their bioactivity on parasitic weeds. Journal 16(30): 5500-5507. [‘Results of seed of Agricultural and Food Chemistry germination are reported’. No detail in 67(38): 10764-10773. [Outlining the abstract.] methods for synthesis of a range of new Brun, G., Thoiron, S.. Braem, L., Pouvreau, sesquiterpene lactones and the ‘significant’ J.B., Montiel, G., Lechat, M.M., Simier, P., activity of some on germination of Gevaert, K., Goormachtig, S. and Orobanche cumana and Phelipanche Delavault, P. 2019. CYP707As are ramosa .] effectors of karrikin and strigolactone Camarero, J.J., González de Andrés, E., signalling pathways in Arabidopsis Sangüesa-Barreda, G., Rita, A. and thaliana and parasitic plants. Plant, Cell Colangelo, M. 2019. Long- and short-term and Environment 42(9): 2612-2626. [In impacts of a defoliating moth plus Phelipanche ramosa , strigolactone-induced mistletoe on tree growth, wood anatomy germination was shown to require one of and water-use efficiency. the CYP707A proteins involved in abscisic Dendrochronologia 56; 125598. acid catabolism suggesting that the lack of [Concluding that defoliation by nun moth host-independent germination in obligate (Lymantria dispar ) disposed Pinus parasites is associated with an exacerbated sylvestris to infection by Viscum album ssp. CYP707A induction and that CYP707As austriacum , the combination leading to and WRKY33 are new players involved in severe reduction in tree growth (in Spain).] a variety of strigolactone/karrikin Camel, V., Arizapana-Almonacid, M., Pyles, responses.] M., Galeano, E., Quispe-Melgar, H.R., Buheliqianmu Yiming, Saifuding Abula, Chen Ninanya-Parra, Z., Ames-Martínez, F.N., XueKe, Huanguli Nuerbieke, Chen Kai and Requena-Rojas, E. and Kessler, M. 2019. Adelijiang Wusiman. 2018. (Effect of Using dendrochronology to trace the polysaccharides extracted from Orobanche impact of the hemiparasite Tristerix caerulescens on chicken lymphocyte chodatianus on Andean Polylepis trees. proliferative ability in vitro.) (in Chinese) Plant Ecology 220(9): 873-886. [In the Poultry 40(24): 20-24. high Andean forests of Peru, analysis of [Polysaccharides from O. caerulescens had wood anatomy was used to show that T. strong effects on the proliferation of chodatianus causes a reduction in the splenic lymphocytes and peripheral blood vessel density, and an increase in the vessel T lymphocytes.] diameter leading to vulnerability of the Bulti Merga and Abdulatif Ahmed. 2019. A parasitized branches to embolisms and review on agricultural problems and their cavitation, thus leading to progressive management in Ethiopia. Turkish Journal death of the tree crown.] of Agriculture - Food Science and HAUSTORIUM 77 17

Caraballo-Ortiz, M.A, and Acevedo- Legume Medicago trunatula. London, UK: Rodríguez, P. 2019. Clarifying the identity Wiley. pp 378-383. of the enigmatic mistletoe Cladocolea (https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119409144.ch biflora (Loranthaceae). Harvard Papers in 47) [Reviewing the use of M. truncatula as Botany 24: 119-120. [Based on a model on which to study mechanisms to morphological assessment, the specimen Orobanche and Phelipanche spp.] from which C. biflora was described is not a mistletoe but instead the hemiparasitic Castillo-Sánchez, I.L. and Figueroa-Castro, tree Schoepfia schreberi (Schoepfiaceae). D.M. 2019. Intra-inflorescence variation in The taxonomic implications are discussed, reproductive traits of alpina and synonymizing C. biflora under S. (Orobanchaceae): effect of flower schreberi is proposed.] maturation pattern and resource Cardoso, L.J.T., de Smidt, E. and Braga, competition. Plant Ecology 220(7/8): 721- J.M.A. 2018/ Reinterpretation of the 729. [Detailed study of numerous nomenclatural type of Archimedea parameters of structural detail in the upper, pyramidalis (Balanophoraceae) with new middle and lower inflorescence showed combination to Lophophytum . Phytotaxa reproductive traits had the highest values in 345(3): 279-285.[A reinterpretation of the the middle region of the inflorescence, nomenclatural type of Archimedea which is also the first to reach maturity. pyramidalis (Balanophoraceae) is The results provide strong support towards presented that results in the the existence of differential resource synonymization of Lophophytum leandrii . availability among regions within the This lectotype is designated and a new inflorescence as an explanation to the combination, L. pyramidale , is proposed.] pattern of intra-inflorescence variation Cardoso, L.J.T. and Braga, J.M.A. 2018. detected.] Typifications and nomenclatural notes on Chai YangYang, Kan LianBao and Zhao Min. Neotropical Balanophoraceae. Phytotaxa 2019. Enzymatic extraction optimization, 340(3): 263-270. [Nomenclatural types for anti-HBV and antioxidant activities of nine names of Neotropical polysaccharides from Viscum coloratum Balanophoraceae are designated or (Kom.) Nakai. International Journal of clarified here, involving the genera Helosis, Biological Macromolecules 134: 588-594. Langsdorffia, Lathrophytum , and [Describing extraction methods and Scybalium .] suggesting that V. coloratum could be a Carmona Gallego, I., Murillo Serna, J.S., good potential natural antiviral agent and Rincón Barón, E.J. and Alzate Guarín, F.A. antioxidant.] 2018. (Comparative leaf anatomy of Chen, X., Wicke, S., and 22 others. 2019. Gaiadendron punctatum and Tripodanthus Comparative plastome analysis of root- and belmirensis (Loranthaceae).) (in Spanish) stem-feeding parasites of Santalales Acta Biológica Colombiana 23(1): 66-72. untangle the footprints of feeding mode [A few leaf anatomical differences, such as and lifestyle transitions. Genome Biology idioblasts in Tripodanthus , were detected and Evolution 12(1): 3663–3676. that would allow one to distinguish https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz271. between these two species.] [Covers the trajectory of heterotrophy- Carneiro, L.T., André, C.B.D.S.,Takahasi, A. related reduction of plastid genomes in and Alves-dos-Santos, I. 2019. Interactions different families of the sandalwood order. between oil-collecting bees and Krameria Phylogenomic-comparative methods reveal grandiflora (Krameriaceae) with emphasis the series of genes losses across the order, on the role of specialized floral traits in the elevations of subsitutions rates, and mutual fit. Arthropod - Plant Interactions increasing biases of DNA composition. 13(2): 213-226. [Elaiophores showed The study shows that the independent greater importance than the petals in transitions to a mistletoe habit within attracting Caenonomada and Centris bees. Santalales coincides with an apparent But the petaloid petals seemed to function parasitic specialization, pronounced as to some extent jointly with the sepals in increased dependency on host pollinator attraction.] photosynthates]. Castillejo, M.A., Fernández ‐Aparicio, M. and Chivandi, E. , Moyo, D. , Dangarembizi, R. and Rubiales, D. 2019. Characterization of Erlwanger, K.H. 2018. Effects of dietary defense mechanisms to parasitic plants in Ximenia caffra meal on nutrient intake, the model Medicago truncatula . Chapter digestibility, nitrogen balance and growth 5.2.3.1. in de Bruijn, F.J. (Ed.) The Model performance in Sprague Dawley rats HAUSTORIUM 77 18

modelling monogastrics. Pakistan Journal 1253-1258. [Results suggest that extracts of Biological Sciences 21(7): 314-322. of C. chinensis effectively improve sperm [Concluding that X. caffra meal could be a quality and reduce oxidative damage in substitute for soya bean meal, but may be testes and epididymis of mice with toxic at high levels.] oligoasthenospermia via a mechanism *Choi InSu, Schwarz, E.N., Ruhlman, T.A., involving the regulation of serum levels of Khiyami, M.A., Sabir, J.S.,M.; Hajarah, reproductive hormones.] N.H., Sabir, M.J., Rabah, S.O. and Jansen, Cui Ying, Li LingLing, Yang Shu, Wang R.K. 2019. Fluctuations in Fabaceae HongLi, Feng Jing, Ma Kai and Han Deen. mitochondrial genome size and content are 2019. A UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS both ancient and recent. BMC Plant method for simultaneous determination of Biology 19(448): (25 October 2019). three flavonoids from parasitic loranthus (https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.11 and their pharmacokinetics in rat plasma. 86%2Fs12870-019-2064-8.pdf ) [Four new Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical complete mitochondrial genome sequences Research 18(10): 2175-2182. [Relating to a were generated for taxa in Cercidoideae, Chinese herbal preparation based on an Detarioideae and Caesalpinioideae. The unspecified ‘ Loranthus ’.] mimosoid clade of the latter has Cusimano, N. and Renner, S.S. 2019. contributed via HGT to the mt genome of Sequential horizontal gene transfers from Lophophytum (Balanophoraceae). different hosts in a widespread Eurasian Surprisingly, its genome may consist of parasitic plant, Cynomorium coccineum . 87.5% of its mimosoid host.] American Journal of Botany 106(5): 679- *Chun Su, Hai Liu, Wafula, E.K., Honaas, L., 689. [Transfer of multiple genes from de Pamphilis, C.W. and Timko, M.P. 2019. various host species to the widespread SHR4z, a novel decoy effector from the Cynomorium coccineum reveals a degree of haustorium of the parasitic weed Striga host specialization and a directionality in gesnerioides, suppresses host plant the expansion of parasite’s distribution immunity. New Phytologist Dec 2019. range.] (https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.16351) [New da Silva, J.A.T., Kher, M.M., Soner, D. and insights into how a parasitic weed can Nataraj, M. 2019. Red sandalwood overcome host defenses by secreting (Pterocarpus santalinus L. f.): biology, specific proteins into the roots of resistant importance, propagation and host cultivars.] micropropagation. Journal of Forestry Clarke, C.R,.Timko, M.P., Yoder, J.I., Research 30(3): 745-754. Axtell, M.J. and Westwood, J.H. 2019. (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s Molecular dialog between parasitic 11676-018-0714-6) [Reviewing the status plants and their hosts. Annual Review of of the endangered P. santalinus in Phytopathology 57: 279-299. [Reviewing and China, valued for its red wood and the current knowledge of how parasitic fragrance.] plants ( Striga, Orobanche and da Silva-Leite, K.E.S. and 10 others. 2018. Phelipanche spp.) sense host plants, Ximenia americana heteropolysaccharides germinate, form haustoria, and suppress ameliorate inflammation and visceral host plant immune responses, and hypernociception in murine caerulein- whether parasitic plants fit within the induced acute pancreatitis: involvement of current paradigms used to understand CB2 receptors. Biomedicine & the molecular mechanisms of microbial Pharmacotherapy 106: 1317-1324. plant–pathogen interactions. Also [Showing that the polysaccharides in X. discussing challenges facing parasitic americana c ontain heteropolysaccharides plant research and proposing the most that inhibit inflammation and urgent questions that need to be hypernociception in mice with caerulein- answered to advance our understanding induced acute pancreaitis by a mechanism of plant parasitism.] involving type 2 cannabinoid receptors.] Cui HongLiang, Dong PanPan Chen Bin. Dafaalah, A.B. 2019. Biology and physiology 2019. Effect of total flavonoids of Cuscuta of witchweed ( Striga spp.): a review. chinensis Lam. (Convolvulaceae) on International Journal of Academic oxidative stress injury in mouse testis and Multidiscilinary Research (IJAMR) 3(10): epididymis, and on serum levels of 42-51. [A general review.] reproductive hormones in Dafaalah, A.B 2020.Variability and host oligoasthenospermia mice model. Tropical specificity of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 18(6): Benth. in response to in-situ root exudates HAUSTORIUM 77 19

of sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Journal seed size, and resistance to Alectra vogelii of Research in Weed Science 3(2): 238- Benth. International Journal of Biological 253. [Confirming that different populations and Chemical Sciences 13(3): 1496-1509. of S. hermonthica in Sudan are specific [Both additive and non-additive gene either to sorghum or to millet. Among actions were operative for the investigated sorghum varieties, Abu-70 and Wad characters, seed size and resistance to A. Ahmed were most susceptible while the vogelii . Additive gene effects were more least susceptible was Hakika.] important, resulting in high narrow sense Danzeng, Zhang Li and Luo Jian. 2019. heritability inferring that breeding progress (Newly recorded species of angiosperm can be achieved through backcross or from Tibet.) (in Chinese) China. Acta single seed descent method.] Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica Dieni, Z. and 10 others. 2019. Farmers' 39(8): 1509-1512. [Including Pedicularis perception of the parasitic weed Alectra scolopax. ] vogelii Benth. and their cowpea varietal Das, T.K., Ghosh, S., Gupta, K., Sen, S., preferences in Burkina Faso. African Behera, B. and Raj, R. 2020. The weed Journal of Agricultural Research 14(31): Orobanche : species distribution, diversity, 1390-1399. [ A. vogelii causes up to 100% biology and management. Journal of yield loss in some areas. Farmers' preferred Research in Weed Science 3(2): 162-180. traits where it occurs is for short-season [A general review of the problems caused cowpea varieties with large size, rough and by Orobanche and Phelipanche spp. white grain. However, erect varieties were several species being damaging to crops in selected in Koupela and Tenkodogo India.] districts; prostrate varieties were preferred *Dasgupta, M.G., Ulaganathan, K., Dev, S.A. in Toussiana district. Striga gesnerioides and Balakrishnan, S. 2019. Draft genome also occurs.] of Santalum album L. provides genomic Drabo, I., Zangre, R.G., Danquah, E.Y,; Ofori, resources for accelerated trait K., Witcombe, J.R. and Hash, C.T. 2019. improvement. Tree Genetics and Genomes Identifying farmers' preferences and 15(3): 34. constraints to pearl millet production in the (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s Sahel and North-Sudan zones of Burkina 11295-019-1334-9) [‘The draft genome Faso. Experimental Agriculture 55(5): 765- presented in this study has provided 775. [A detailed survey noting that the additional genomic resource for S. album major constraints for farmers include Striga for subsequent research in population hermonthica , second only to drought. Other diversity estimation and accelerated trait important preferences in relation to e.g breeding in this species.’] crop head type were also noted which all *Dawud, M.A. 2019. Striga resistance in need to be considered in any breeding cereal crops: recent progress and future programme for Striga resistance.] prospects. A review. Global Journal of Dupau, P. 2018. Hydrogenation towards Science Frontier Research june 2017. synthetic sandalwood odorants in fragrance (https://journalofscience.org/index.php/GJS industry. Helvetica Chimica Acta 101(12): FR/article/view/2007 ). [This review e1800144. presents an overview of recent advances in Duriez, P. and 18 others. 2019. A receptor-like research on Striga in cereals and potential kinase enhances sunflower resistance to prospects using a variety of genomic tools Orobanche cumana . Nature Plants 5(12) : with a final aim of crop improvement.] 1211–1215. de Menezes, I.R.A. and 12 others, 2019. (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-019-0556- Ximenia americana L. enhances the z) [Q uantitative genetics and mapping in antibiotic activity and inhibit the sunflower identified one resistance gene development of kinetoplastid parasites. named HaOr7. It is a membrane receptor- Comparative Immunology, Microbiology like kinase that prevents attachment of O. & Infectious Diseases 64: 40-46. [‘The low cumana to the sunflower roots and confers cytotoxic and biological potential against resistance to race F.]. Staphylococcus aureus open therapeutic Dvorakova, M., Hylova, A., Soudek, P., perspectives against leishmaniosis and Petrova, S. and Spichal, L. Vanek, T. 2019. bacterial infections.] Triazolide strigolactone mimics as potent Dieni, Z., Batieno, T.B.J., Barro, A., Zida, selective germinators of parasitic plant F.M.W.S., Tignegre, J.B.delaS. and Phelipanche ramosa . Pest Management Dzidzienyo, D. 2019. Diallel analysis of Science 75(7): 2049-2056. [Triazolide cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] for HAUSTORIUM 77 20

strigolactone mimics were highly active on Endharti, A.T., Sulastri, E., Umanailo, R., P. ramosa but not on Striga hermonthica .] Yunialce, Nurseta, T. and Handono, K. Dyankova, S., Doneva, M., Solak, A. and 2018. Mango mistletoe Dendrophthoe Metodieva, P. 2018. Comparative analysis pentandra leaf extract acts synergistically of extracts from some medicinal plants with 5-Fluorouracil to induce apoptosis and used in traditional Bulgarian medicine. increase p21 expression in human cervical Journal of Mountain Agriculture on the adenocarcinoma HeLa cells by reducing Balkans 21(3): 172-183. [Including Viscum survivin expression. Journal of Applied album . The amount of extracted substances Pharmaceutical Science 8(7): 10-15. [This in the samples depends on the type of raw study indicates that the combination of a D. material and the ethanol concentration.] pentandra extract with 5-fluoracil has a *Elekofehinti, O.O., Kamdem, J.P., Saliu, synergistic effect to enhance apoptosis and T.P., Famusiwa, C.D., Boligon, A. and p21 expressions by decreasing of survivin Rocha, J.B.T. 2019. in HeLa cells.] (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art Espinoza-Zúñiga, P., Ramírez-Dávila, J.F., icle/pii/S0378874119307640?via%3Dihub) Cibrián-Tovar, D., Villanueva-Morales, A., [Improvement of mitochondrial function by Cibrián-Llanderal, V.D., Figueroa- Tapinanthus globifer (A.Rich.) Tiegh. Figueroa, D.K. and Rivera-Martínez, R. against hepatotoxic agent in isolated rat's 2019. (Modeling the spatial distribution of liver mitochondria. Journal of true mistletoe (Santalales: Loranthaceae) in Ethnopharmacology 242: pp.112026. the green areas of Tlalpan, Mexico [Compounds in T. globifer enhance Delegation.) (in Spanish) Bosque 40(1): mitochondrial redox signaling and possess 17-28. [Describing the complex factors mitochondrial function improving affecting the distribution of Cladocolea potential, thereby, providing scientific loniceroides occurring on hosts Populus basis for its use in traditional medicine for tremuloides, Populus alba, Ulmus the management of liver disease.] parvifolia, Fraxinus uhdei and Schinus Elsayed, A.K., Matsuo, K., Kim WangGyu, terebinthifolia. Struthanthus interruptus Uechi, N., Yukawa, J., Gyoutoku, N. and and Phoradendron velutinum also Tokuda, M. 2018. A new Asphondylia occurred.] species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and a Essem, F., Ohlson, E.W., Asare, A.T. and eulophid wasp (Hymenoptera) inducing Timko, M.P. 2019. Genetic markers linked similar galls on leaf buds of Schoepfia to Striga gesnerioides resistance for the jasminodora (Schoepfiaceae), with improvement of Ghanaian cowpea ( Vigna reference to their ecological traits and a unguiculata ) cultivars. Plant Breeding description of the new gall midge. 138(5): 599-604. [Identifying the markers Entomological Science 21(3): 324-339. [A in cowpea linked to resistance to the Ghana detailed study of the gall midge A. tojoi and race of S. gesnerioides .] of a hymenopteran Ceratoneura sp. each Ezuruike, U.F., Chieli, E. and Prieto, J.M. causing similar galls on S. jasminodora .] 2019. In vitro modulation of glibenclamide Emam, R.A. 2018. Influence of chemicals and transport by P-glycoprotein inhibitory mechanical control methods on parasite antidiabetic African plant extracts. Planta dodder ( Cuscuta planiflora ) controlling in Medica 85(11/12) 987-996. [Including clover ( Trifolium alexandrinum L.) crops. mention of Ximenia americana and Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology, Cassytha filiformis , of interest as anti- Mansoura Univ. 9(10): 691-695. [Optimum diabetic treatments in Nigeria.] treatment for control of C. planiflora in T. Fan XiaoLi, Chen Yue, Li Li, Wang Yang, alexandrinum in Egypt was pendimethalin Zhang Yi, Lu Shan, Zhu DanYang and 500 ml/fedan 7 days after sowing.] Sheng MeiXiao. 2019. Efficacy of Chinese Em İna ğao ğlu, Ö., Be ğen, H.A. and Aksu, G. herb Cistanche Yishen granules in 2018. (The flora of Karada ğ (Yusufeli, treatment of tinnitus for patients with Artvin-Turkey).) (in Turkish) Artvin Çoruh chronic nephritis. Journal of Cellular Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Biochemistry 120(4): 5505-5509. [Tinnitus 19(1): 93-113. [Including 9 spp. of loudness and annoyance were significantly Orobanchaceae - Pedicularis wilhelmsian, decreased after treatment with Cistanche P. pontica, serotinus subsp. Yishen (perhaps C. deserticola ).] aestivalis, Rhynchocorys elephas R. stricta, Fang YanYan, Liu Jian, Wan Lei, Xin Ling, Lathraea squamaria, Orobanche Dong WenZhe and Wen JianTing. 2019. sp.,Euphrasia pectinata and Bungea Chinese herbs for Pi invigorating, trifida. ] dampness resolving, Shen benefiting, and HAUSTORIUM 77 21

collaterals dredging treated 323 ankylosing to the use of unspecified Cuscuta species as spondylitis patients: a cohort study. a source of dye.] Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional French, K.E. , Harvey, J. and McCullagh, and Western Medicine 39(5): 553-556. J.S.O. 2018. Targeted and untargeted [Taxillus chinensis could reduce the metabolic profiling of wild grassland plants occurrence of endpoint events in identifies antibiotic and anthelmintic ankylosing spondylitis patients.] compounds targeting pathogen physiology, Farrokhi, Z., Alizadeh, H. and Alizadeh, H. metabolism and reproduction. Scientific 2019. Developmental patterns of enzyme Reports 8(1): 1695. [Recording the activity, gene expression, and sugar content compounds benzoic acid, myricetin, p- in sucrose metabolism of two broomrape coumaric acid, rhamnetin, and rosmarinic species. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry acid, having antimicrobial/anthelmintic 142: 8-14. [Pre and post emergence states properties in a range of species including of both Egyptian and branched broomrape Rhinanthus minor .] species were analyzed for their Frezza, C. and 14 others. 2019. Pedicularis L. metabolism, providing new perspectives genus: systematics, botany, for management strategies.] phytochemistry, chemotaxonomy, Farrokhi, Z., Alizadeh, H., Alizadeh, H. and ethnopharmacology, and other. Plants 8(9): Mehrizi, F.A. 2019. Host-induced silencing 306. [A comprehensive review of the of some important genes involved in genus, with particular emphasis on osmoregulation of parasitic plant phytochemistry and ethnopharmacology.] Phelipanche aegyptiaca. Molecular Fu YanWei, Dou XiaoWen, Zhang Lei, Qin Biotechnology 61(12): 929-937. Jiaan, Yang MeiHua and Luo JiaoYang. [Indication of three host genes in tomato 2019. A comprehensive analysis of 201 plants that can be targeted for the pesticides for different herbal species-ready development of resistance against parasitic application using gas chromatography- weeds.] tandem mass spectrometry coupled with Fathin, A.N. and Ratnaningrum, Y.W.N. 2018. QuEChERs. Journal of Chromatography, B The differences in floral structures of three 1125: 121730. sandalwood variants in one of Gunung (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art Sewu (Indonesia) population, and their icle/abs/pii/S1570023219307111) consequences on visitor diversity and [Describing a procedure for detecting visitation rate. Biodiversitas: Journal of pesticide residues in herbal medicines? Biological Diversity 19(3): 1097-1101. Including reference to ‘Cuscutae Semen’.] [Describing 3 sandalwood landraces Fujioka, H., Samejima, H., Mizutani, M., varying in flower colour (‘yellow big Okamoto, M. and Sugimoto, Y. 2019. How flower’ YBF; ‘red big flower’ RBF; and does Striga hermonthica bewitch its hosts? ‘red small flower’ RSF.) YBF was visited Plant Signaling and Behaviour 14(7): more by coleopterans and hemipterans, pp.1605810. [Suggesting that the while both RBF and RSF were visited more phytohormone abscisic acid in the by hymenopterans. The dipterans and rhizosphere could, at least in part, lepidopterans visited both yellow and red contribute to the bewitching effects, disrupt flowers at a similar rate. The bigger host immunity and promote flowers of RBF and YBF received more commencement of parasitism.] visits than RSF.] Gamar, Y.A., Bakhit, O.A., Murdi, H.G. and Felenda, J.E., Gruber, K., Pacifico, S., Turek, Adam, E.M. 2018. Assessment of Striga C., Beckmann, C. and Stintzing, F.C. 2019. resistance in wild relatives of sorghum (Investigations of willow mistletoe on under field conditions. Journal of various human tumor cell lines in vitro.) (in Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 63(4): 367- German) Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 377. 40(3): 112-119. [Noting that neuro- (http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/1450- epithelial tumor cells and bronchial 8109/2018/1450-81091804367G.pdf) carcinoma cells showed a good response to [Comparing 55 lines of wild sorghum ( S. Viscum album .] bicolor ssp. verticilliflorum and S. bicolor Franco-Maass, S., Arredondo-Ayala, G.M., ssp. drummondii ) and finding apparently Cruz-Balderas, Y. and Endara-Agramont, significant differences in Striga emergence, A. 2019. The use of dye plants in a mostly lower than SRN-39, but numbers Mazahua community in central Mexico. very low?] Economic Botany 73(1): 13-27. [Referring Gasura, E., Setimela, P., Mabasa, S., Rwafa, R., Kageler, S. and Nyakurwa, C. 2019. HAUSTORIUM 77 22

Response of IITA maize inbred lines bred [Reviewing available information on for Striga hermonthica resistance to Striga haustorium-inducing factors for parasitic asiatica and associated resistance weeds including quinones and phenolics mechanisms in southern Africa. Euphytica and noting the additional activity of the 215(10): 151. [Identifying a number of the cytokinins.] IITA-selected Striga-resistant lines with Hagos Kidane and Tsehaie Berhane. 2018. potential value for breeding maize with (User guideline on Orobanche resisant faba resistance to S. asiatica in Zimbabwe.] bean varieties.) (in Tigrinya) Technical Gea-Izquierdo, G., Férriz, M., García-Garrido, Guideline No. 1. Alamata Research Center, S., Aguín, O., Elvira-Recuenco, M., Tigray, Ethiopia. 20 pp. [Noting that in ten Hernandez-Escribano, L., Martin-Benito, years since O. crenata became a problem D. and Raposo, R. 2019. Synergistic in parts of Tigray, Ethiopia, there has been abiotic and biotic stressors explain up to 99% loss of the faba bean crop. It had widespread decline of Pinus pinaster in a previously been a major and important faba mixed forest. Science of the Total bean producing area. The manual describes Environment 685: 963-975. [Concluding that a resistant variety Hashenge has that drought stress, and hence less dense enabled farmers to produce 2.7 t/ha. It also foliage, predisposed P. pinaster to infection provides basic information on its by Viscum album and the combination was cultivation and on the biology of O. leading to serious decline (in Spain).] crenata . With thanks to Dr Fasil Reda for Gebauer, R., Albrechtová, P., Plichta, R. and providing translation.] Vola řík, D. 2019. The comparative xylem Han XiaoXu and 9 others. 2019. Protective structure and function of petioles and twigs effects of Astragalin on spermatogenesis in of mistletoe Loranthus europaeus and its streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male host Quercus pubescence. Trees: Structure mice by improving antioxidant activity and and Function 33(3): 933-942. [A detailed inhibiting inflammation. Biomedicine & study of the conductive tissue in twigs and Pharmacotherapy 110: 561-570. petioles of L. europaeus and its host. Those [Concluding that astragalin from Cuscuta of the parasite are notably narrower, yet chinensis is a potential beneficial agent to specific hydraulic conductivities were protect diabetic-induced spermatogenic similar in both species.] dysfunction in male mice by increasing Gholamreza Mohammadi. 2019. Can soil antioxidant activities and inhibiting microorganisms reduce broomrape inflammation.] (Orobanche spp.) infestation in cropping Hargreaves, A.L. and Eckert, C.G. 2019. Local systems? In: Vivek Kumar et al. (Eds) adaptation primes cold-edge populations Microbiome in Plant Health and Disease: for range expansion but not warming- Challenges and Opportunities. Springer. induced range shifts. Ecology Letters 22 pp. 385-402. [A general review of (1): 78-88. [Based on studies with Orobanche and Phelipanche spp. and the Rhinanthus minor in Canada. [Authors potential for their biocontol by have used Rhinanthus minor populations to microorganisms.] test two contrasting predictions concerning Goldwasser, Y., Rabinovitz, O., Hayut, E., the parasite's distribution range under Kuzikaro, H., Sibony, M. and Rubin, B. scenarios influenced by climate change] 2019. Selective and effective control of Hashemi, Z., Ebrahimzadeh, M.A. and Khalili, field dodder ( Cuscuta campestris ) in M. 2019. Sun protection factor, total chickpea with granular pendimethalin. phenol, flavonoid contents and antioxidant Weed Technology 33(4): 586-594. activity of medicinal plants from Iran. [Confirming that granular pendimethalin Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical provides excellent control of C. campestris Research 18(7): 1443-1448. [Finding at a half dose without damage to chickpea, significant antioxidant activuty in extracts leading to higher crop yield than the of Orobanche orientalis .] recommended dose (doses not specified in Hayat, S., Wang, K., Liu, B., Wng, Y., Chen, the abstract).] F., Li, P., Hayat K. and Yonqing Ma. 2020. Goyet, V., Wada, S., Cui, S.,Wakatake, T., A two-year simulated crop rotation Shriasu, K., Montiel, G., Simier,, P. and confirmed the differential infestation of Yoshida, S. 2019. Haustorium inducing broomrape species in China is associated factors for parasitic Orobanchaceae. with crop-based biostimulants. Agronomy Frontiers in Plant Science (29 August 10(1): article18. [Sunflower in Xinjiang 2019). Uygur region of China is being (https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01056) increasingly infested by Phelipanche HAUSTORIUM 77 23

aegyptiaca . The rotational crops wheat, in Congo. Identifying maize varieties TZE- sugar beet and pepper fail to stimulate Y-DTC4 STR C5, TZE-Y-DTC4 STR C4 germination of P. aegyptiaca while they do and KATOKI WA LUKASA as having stimulate Orobanche cumana – hence the useful degrees of resistance or tolerance.] failure or this parasite to build up here.] Jia JianXin, Yan XuSheng, Song Wei, Fang He TianZhu, Xin Yu, Song Yan, Wang Xin, Cai ZhiPing, Huo DongSheng, Wang WeiNan and Sui DianJun. 2019. He and Yang ZhanJun. 2018. The (Protective effects of S alvia miltiorrhiza- protective mechanism underlying santalum album extracts against mice phenylethanoid glycosides (PHG) actions myocardial ischemia injury induced by on synaptic plasticity in rat Alzheimers isoprenaline.) (in Chinese) Journal of Jilin disease model induced by beta amyloid 1- Agricultural University 41(2): 192-198. [ S. 42. Journal of Toxicology and album was mainly effective as an oxidant, Environmental Health. Part A 81(21): but acted synergistically with Salvia 1098-1107. [Data suggest that the miltiorrhiza in the treatment of myocardial protective effects of PHG on synaptic ischemia.] plasticity may involve inhibition of Høeg, H.I., Henningsmoen, K.E. and cytotoxicity-mediated by A β-1-42 Sørensen, R. 2019. (Late-glacial and administration and reduction of oxidant Holocene vegetation development in stress.] southeastern Norway presented in a 14C- Jiang ZhiHui, Zhou Bo, Li XinPing, Kirby, dated standard pollen diagram.) (in G.M. and Zhang XiaoYing. 2018. Norwegian) Blyttia 77(2): 103-115. Echinacoside increases sperm quantity in [Recording the presence of Viscum album rats by targeting the hypothalamic in mixed Quercus /Tilia/Fraxinus forest androgen receptor. Scientific Reports 8(1) from 7,600 years ago.] 3839. [Results demonstrate that *Hwang WooYeon, Kang MiHyun, Lee echinacoside (from Cistanche spp.) blocks SeulKi, Yeom JiSu and Jung MinHyung. androgen receptor activity in the 2019. Prolonged stabilization of platinum- hypothalamus to increase the quantity of refractory ovarian cancer in a single patient sperm and protect against undergoing long-term mistletoe extract oligoasthenospermia in rats.] treatment: case report. Medicine Johnson, N.R.and Axtell, M.J. 2019. Small (Baltimore) 98(8) e14536. RNA warfare: exploring origins and (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30 function of trans-species microRNAs from 813160 ) [Results suggest that mistletoe the parasitic plant Cuscuta. Current extract (presumably from Viscum album Opinion in Plant Biology 50: 76-81. ssp. coloratum ) can produce favorable [Showing that an unspecified Cuscuta sp. outcomes in patients with platinum- exchanges diverse macromolecules with its refractory ovarian cancer . ] hosts. Also that trans-species microRNAs Hýlová, A., Pospíšil, T., Spíchal, L., from Cuscuta regulate host genes. The Mateman, J.J., Blanco-Ania, D. and genes encoding these microRNAs could Zwanenburg, B. 2019. New hybrid type originate from horizontal-gene transfer strigolactone mimics derived from plant events. Extracellular vesicles are one growth regulator auxin. Conference possible mechanism for how trans-species paper : New Biotechnology 48: 76-82. microRNAs are delivered to the host.] [Auxins were coupled with the Jokinen, J.I. and Irving, L.J. 2019. Effects of butenolide D-ring, with or without an light level and nitrogen supply on the red extra methyl group in the vicinal C2 or clover-Orobanche minor host-parasite C3 positions. Those without the methyl interaction. Plants 8(6): 146. [Parasitism by groups showed good activity and it is O. minor caused reductions in host leaf suggested could be of value for mass, area, photosynthetic rates and shoot stimulating suicidal germination if the N concentration, but did not affect starch field.] accumulation.] Jadika, T., Kankolongo, M., Tshizembe, M., Jueya, S., Mony, R. and Djieto-Lordon, C. Banga, M.B. and Bongali, B. 2018. 2019. Ants associated to Loranthaceae in (Evaluation of maize varieties ( Zea mays an agroecosystem based on cocoa trees in L.) for their striga resistance or tolerance in Nkolbisson (Yaounde: Cameroon). Journal the province of Kasaï Oriental in R.D of Agricultural Science (Toronto) 11(8): Congo.) (in French) Journal of Applied 90-99. [ Tetramorium acculeatum found to Biosciences 130: 13213-13219. [A rare be the dominant ant species on both report of Striga hermonthica as a problem Phragmanthera capitata (mainly on cocoa) HAUSTORIUM 77 24

and Tapinanthus preussii on medium by Indian sandalwood ( Santalum Dacryodesedulis and other forest tree album ) leaf powder. Journal of species. 34 other ant species were also Environmental Chemical Engineering 6(2): identified. They forage during the 1726-1735. [Results indicated that S. album mistletoes’ flowering and fruiting and leaf powder might be an effective ‘participate in the flowers fall’.] adsorbent for treatment of water Jung SeHui, Kim JaeHyun, Eum JuneYong, contaminated with fluoride.] Choe JungWon, Kim HakHyun, Kee Yun, Kim ChulWoo, An ChanHoon, Lee HyunSeok, Lee KooYeon. 2019. Velutin, an aglycone Yi JaeSeon, Cheong EunJu, Lim SangHyun extracted from Korean mistletoe, with and Kim HeeYeon. 2019. Proximate and improved inhibitory activity against mineral components of Viscum album var. melanin biosynthesis. Molecules 24(14): coloratum grown on eight different host 2549. [Confirming that the natural tree species. Journal of Forestry Research compound velutin, extracted from Viscum 30(4): 1245-1253. [Reporting differing album coloratum improved the efficacy of components in Korean mistletoe V. album melanin biosynthesis inhibition with little ssp. coloratum, according to host plant of toxicity.] the parasite, which included Prunus Kamara, A.Y., Ewansiha, S.U. and Tofa, A.I. mandshurica and Chaenomeles sinensis .] 2019. Yield, N uptake and N utilization of Kim, H.T.;,Shin ChangHo, Sun Hang and Kim early maturing, drought and Striga -tolerant JooHwan. 2018. Sequencing of the maize varieties under low N conditions. plastome in the leafless green Communications in Soil Science and Plant mycoheterotroph Cymbidium macrorhizon Analysis 50(4): 373-387. [Finding that helps us to understand an early stage of Striga-tolerant maize varieties bred for fully mycoheterotrophic plastome drought resistance also had good tolerance structure. Plant Systematics and Evolution of low N conditions.] 304(2): 245-258. [ Plastome of four species Kawada, K., Takahashi, I., Arai, M., Sasaki, of the mycoheterotroph orchid genus Y., Asami, T., Yajima, S. and Ito, S. 2019. Cymbidium have been sequenced and Synthesis and biological evaluation of compared, suggesting no direct evidence of novel triazole derivatives as strigolactone functionality loss in photosynthesis related biosynthesis inhibitors. 2019. Journal of genes] Agricultural and Food Chemistry 67(22): .Kirilova, I., Hristeva, T., Bozhinova, R., 6143-6149. [Synthesis of new and more Denev, I., Docheva, M. and Yonchev, Y. effective triazole derivates that inhibit 2018. Molecular detection of beneficial strigolactone biosynthesis in rice and hyphal soil-born microorganisms in Arabidopsis .] different soil types in areas infested with Khaled, A.A.A., El-Menofy, E.M., Nessem, parasitic broomrapes - Orobanche cumana A.A. and Elhaak, M.A. 2019. The Wallr. and Phelipanche ramosa L. in allelopathy potential and glyphosate Bulgaria. Journal of BioScience and influence on anatomical features of Biotechnology 7(2/3): 63-71. [The soils at Egyptian clover plant ( Trifolium numerous sites infested by O. cumana or P. alexandrinum L.) infested with dodder ramosa were found by molecular detection weed ( Cuscuta campestris L.). Fresenius to be populated most commonly by Glomus Environmental Bulletin 28(2A): 1273- intraradices and G. mosseae . Five 1280. [Recording benefits to T. Streptomyces spp.were also identified, alexendrinum from treatments of namely S. ambofaciens, S. aureocirculatus, glyphosate with and without extracts of S. carnosus, S. fasciculatus and S. Amaranthus sp. or rice to reduce infestation griseorubens . Other genera included by Cuscuta campestris . No yield info in Penicillium, Trichoderma, Fusarium and abstract.] Mucor. The results could contribute to a Khodaie, L., Delzar, A. and Nazemiyeh, H. new strategy for using beneficial hyphal 2019. Biological activities and microorganisms to control parasitic weeds.] phytochemical study of Pedicularis Kitis, Y.E., Grenz, J.H. and , J. 2019. Effects wilhelmsiana Fisch ex. from Iran. Iranian of some cereal root exudates on Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 18(1): germination of broomrapes ( Orobanche 339-347. [Identifying a range of spp. and Phelipanche spp.) Mediterranean metabolites in P. wilhelmsiana which could Agricultural Sciences 32(2): 145-150. [A explain its antibiotic properties.] range of cereal species were tested for their Khound, N.J. and Bharali, R.K. 2018. ability to stimulate Orobanche crenata, O. Biosorption of fluoride from aqueous cumana and Phelipanche ramsoa . Maize HAUSTORIUM 77 25

(var. Amadeo) was the most active and P. *Lázaro-González, A., Hódar, J.A. and ramosa the most sensitive to stimulation. Zamora, R. 2019. Mistletoe generates non- Oat was also quitea ctive on P. ramosa , trophic and trait-mediated indirect while wheat, barley, rye, rice, sorghum and interactions through a shared host of pearl millet (single varieties in each case.) herbivore consumers. Ecosphere 10(3): were least effective.] e02564. Kleszken, E., Laslo, V. and Vica ș, S.I. 2019. (https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com Spectrophotometric quantification of green /doi/full/10.1002/ecs2.2564 ) [Concluding pigments and total carotenoids from from studies involving three other parasites mistletoe grown on different host trees. of Pinis nigra (a sap-sucker and two Natural Resources and Sustainable folivores) that overall, Viscum album ssp. Development 9(1): 27-33. [Showing austriacum generates non-trophic significant variations in chlorophyll and interaction linkages in the forest able to carotenoids in Viscum album growing on 4 modify community structure by becoming hosts, apricot, hawthorn, willow and a nexus of the entire herbivore community Rubus , and between spring and winter, in of the pine canopy. ] Romania.] Le ChiToan, Liu Bing, Barrett, R.L., Lu *Konarska, A. and Chmiellewski, P. 2019. LiMin, Wen Jun and Chen ZhiDuan. 2018. Taxonomic traits in the microstructure of Phylogeny and a new tribal classification flowers of parasitic Orobanche picridis of Opiliaceae (Santalales) based on with particular emphasis on secretory molecular and morphological evidence. structures. Protoplasma 2019: 1-19 Journal of Systematics and Evolution (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-019- 56(1): 56-66. [This molecular phylogenetic 01438-3) [A very detailed study of the study recovered essentially the same sepals, petals, stamens and pistils and the relationships as already published ultra-structure of nectaries and glandular previously (Su et al. 2015). 24 trichomes of O. picridis in Poland. Also morphological characters were mapped identifying the metabolites including onto this tree, a new tribal classification polyphenols, lipids, polysaccharides and was proposed, and a key to all genera was alkaloids.] provided.] *Kountche, B.A., Novero, M., Muhammad Lee, D.J., Burridge, A.J., Page, T., Huth, J.R. Jamil, Asami, T., Bonfante, P. and Al- and Thompson, N. 2019. Domestication of Babili. S. 2018. Effect of the northern sandalwood ( Santalum strigolactone analogs methyl lanceolatum, Santalaceae) for indigenous phenlactonoates on spore germination forestry on the Cape York Peninsula. and root colonization of arbuscular Australian Forestry 82( No.Suppl. 1): 14- mycorrhizal fungi. Heliyon 4(11): 22. [Exploring the potential for developing e00936. an industry based on S. lanceolatum in (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a conjunction with the indigenous people in rticle/pii/S2405844018326616 ) [N ew the far north of Queensland, Australia.] phenolactonates , MP1 and MP3 shown Lee ShiouYih, Dhilia Udie Lamasudin and to inhibit germination of mycorrhizal Rozi Mohamed. 2019. Rapid detection of spores but encourage root colonization several endangered agarwood-producing by fugal hyphae more than GR24, hence Aquilaria species and their potential promising for field use to trigger suicidal adulterants using plant DNA barcodes germination.] coupled with high-resolution melting (Bar- Lallemand, F.;,Martin-Magniette, M.L., HRM) analysis. Holzforschung 73(5): 435- Gilard, F., Gakière, B., Launay-Avon, A., 444. [Noting Santalum album among Delannoy, É. and Selosse, M.A. 2019. In several species as a potential adulterant situ transcriptomic and metabolomic study detected by DNA barcoding with high- of the loss of photosynthesis in the leaves resolution melting analysis.] of mixotrophic plants exploiting fungi. Lee YunGyoo, Jung INa, Koo DongHoe, Kang Plant Journal 98(5): 826-841. [Rather than DuYoung, Oh TaeYoon, Oh SukJoong and decisive metabolic innovations, it is Lee SeungSei. 2019. Efficacy and safety of suggested that the evolution towards Viscum album extract (Helixor-M) to treat mycoheterotrophy in orchids is more likely malignant pleural effusion in patients with to be reliant on the versatility of plant lung cancer. Supportive Care in Cancer metabolism and an ability to exploit fungal 27(5): 1945-1949. [Concluding that a organic resources, especially amino acids, pleurodesis with V. album extract was an to replace missing photosynthates.] effective and tolerable procedure for HAUSTORIUM 77 26

controlling malignant pleural effusions in Unlike previous studies where the lung cancer patients.] Cymbaria-Siphonostegia clade was sister Lepší, M. and Lepší, P. 2018. (Records of to all parasites in the family, this study interesting and new plants in the South places this clade internally with the Bohemian flora XXIV.) (in Czech) Sborník hemiparasites. This shift in position then Jiho českého Muzea v Českých places the Orobanche clade as sister to the Bud ějovicích, P řírodní V ědy 58: 5-26. remaining members of Orobanchaceae.] [Species recorded include Orobanche Li Ya, Li EnLiang, Mao YunLing, Zhou Jiang, minor, Lathraea squamaria and Thesium Liu YongGuo, Chang EnFu, Li YongPeng alpinum .] and Jing YueBo. 2019. (Effects of growing Li EnLiang, Mao YunLing, Zhou Jiang, Liu media on seedling performance of YongGuo, Chang EnFu, Li Ya, Li Melientha longistaminea .) (in Chinese) YongPeng and Jing YueBo. 2019. Journal of Northeast Forestry University (Physical-chemical properties of different 47(3): 8-11. [ M. longistaminea (= growing media and its effects on seedling Champereia manillana ) (Opiliaceae) is emergency percentage of Melientha valued as a food and as a medicine in E. longistaminea .) (in Chinese) Journal of Asia. Identifying the optimum West China Forestry Science 48(3): 127- combinations of coffee husk, humus and 132. [Describing the optimal ratio of coffee forest soil for its growth.] compost, forest compost and forest humus Li Yang, Peng Ying, Ma Ping, Wang for the germknation and establishment of MengYue, Peng ChongSheng, Tu PengFei M. longistaminata (Opiliaceae).] and Li XiaoBo. 2019. In vitro and in vivo Li JuanJuan, Yang Chong, Liu Hui, Cao metabolism of Cistanche tubulosa extract MengTing, Yan GuiJun, Si Ping, Zhou in normal and chronic unpredictable stress- WeiJun and Xu Ling. 2019. 5- induced depressive rats. Journal of aminolevolinic acid enhances sunflower Chromatography, B 1125: 121728, resistance to Orobanche cumana (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art (broomrape). Industrial Crops and Products icle/abs/pii/S1570023218318324) [‘The 140: 111467. [5-aminolevolinic acid results of this study laid the foundation for enhanced sunflower resistance to O. understanding the metabolic process and cumana by promoting antioxidant defence therapeutic mechanism of C. tubulosa ’s systems, reducing ROS levels, decreasing antidepressant property.’] cellular damage and regulating the *Li Yang and 9 others. 2018. Antidepressant- expressions of stress related genes.] like effects of Cistanche tubulosa extract Li WenJun, Su ZhiHao, Li AiRong, Guan on chronic unpredictable stress rats through KaiYun and Feng Ying. 2019. Isolation restoration of gut microbiota homeostasis. and characterization of 18 microsatellites Frontiers in Pharmacology 9 (August): 967. for the invasive native Pedicularis (https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.338 kansuensis (Orobanchaceae). Grassland 9/fphar.2018.00967/full) Science 65(2): 135-138. [Synthesis of new Li YongPeng, Jing YueBo, Mao JiHua, Li and more effective triazole derivates that RongBo and Li SunLing. 2019. (Root inhibit strigolactone biosynthesis in rice hemiparasitic characteristics of Malania and Arabidopsis .] oleifera .) (in Chinese) Journal of West *Li Xi, Feng Tao, Randle, C. and China Forestry Science 48(4): 1-6. [ M. Schneeweiss, G.M. 2019. Phylogenetic oleifera) (Olacaceae), an endangered relationships in Orobanchaceae inferred endemic in China, can survive without a from low-copy nuclear genes: host but grows poorly. Showing that consolidation of major clades and Chlorophytum comosum is a suitable host identification of a novel position of the on which it can grow more vigorously.] non-photosynthetic Orobanche clade sister *Li ZiYan, Zhang ChunHong, Ren GuanYao, to all other parasitic Orobanchaceae. Yang Min, Zhu ShouDong and Li MinHui. Frontiers in Plant Science 10(July): 902. 2019. Ecological modeling of Cistanche (https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.338 deserticola Y.C. Ma in Alxa, China. 9/fpls.2019.00902/full ) [56 taxa (in 30 Scientific Reports 9(1): 13134. genera) were analyzed using nuclear ITS, (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598- PHYA, PHYB, chloroplast matK and rps2, 019-48397-6.pdf ) [Determining the three low-copy nuclear genes and two climatic and soil characteristics optimal for pentatricopeptide repeat genes. There was the content of the most important considerable incongruence between the composition of C. deserticola for medicinal newly and previously generated markers. use.] HAUSTORIUM 77 27

Licona-Vera, Y. ,Ortiz-Rodriguez, A.E., Liu Jing, Yang Yang, Wei HaiYan, Zhang Vásquez-Aguilar, A.A. and Ornelas, J.F. QuanZhong, Zhang XuHui, Zhang 2018. Lay mistletoes on the Yucatán XiaoYan and Gu Wei. 2019. Assessing Peninsula: post-glacial expansion and habitat suitability of parasitic plant genetic differentiation of Psittacanthus Cistanche deserticola in Northwest China mayanus (Loranthaceae). Botanical Journal under future climate scenarios. Forests of the Linnean Society 186(3): 334-360. 10(9): 823. [Studying the climatic factors [Phylogeographical analysis of a mistletoe affecting the distribution of C. deserticola species highlights the influence of and its main host Haloxylon Pleistocene events in shaping genetic ammodendron .] variation in Neotropical lowland forest, Liu WenJing, Song QingQing, Yan Yu, Liu providing opportunities for further Yao, Li Peng, Wang YiTao, Tu PengFei, investigation of the evolution of Mexican Song YueLin and Li Jun. 2018. Integrated biodiversity]. approach for confidence-enhanced Lindman, L.Y., Remm, J., Meister, H. and quantitative analysis of herbal medicines, Tammaru, T. 2018. Host plant and habitat Cistanche salsa as a case. Journal of preference of the endangered Euphydryas Chromatography, A 1561: 56-66. maturna (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): Liu ZhongXuan, Liu XueFeng, Dong AiRong, evidence from northern Europe. Ecological Deng ShiLin and Ling Ma. 2019. First Entomology 43(1): 102-113. [This butterfly report of Seimatosporium falcatum causing species is threatened due to the disease branch and leaf spots of Viscum coloratum threat to its main host, Fraxinus excelsior. in China. Journal of Plant Diseases and Confirming that this butterfly may lay eggs Protection 126(3): 265-267. on Melampyrum pratense but that this host Lobulu, J., Shimelis, H., Laing, M. and may be less important in Estonia than in Mushongi, A.A. 2019. Maize production Finland.] constraints, traits preference and current Lio, F.X.S. and Dewi, M.P.S. 2018. Karst Striga control options in western Tanzania: vegetation in the natural habitat of farmers' consultation and implications for sandalwood ( Santalum album ) at various breeding. Acta Agriculturæ Scandinavica, altitude places in Timor Island, Indonesia. Section B - Soil & Plant Science 69(8): Biodiversitas: Journal of Biological 734-746. [Noting that 93% of farmers in Diversity 19(5): 1703-1713. [Surveying the the surveyed areas name Striga as a major natural vegetation in the main areas of constraint, either S hermonthica or S. growth of S. album in South Central asiatica or both, yet there are few effective Timor.] control methods in use. Recommending Liu Bing, Chi Toan Le, Barrett, R.L., Nickrent, that crop breeding for Striga resistance D.L., Chen ZhiDuan, Lu LiMin and Vidal- should take into consideration the full Russell, R. 2018. Historical biogeography range of the farmers’ requirements of Loranthaceae (Santalales): including drought and insect resistance.] diversification agrees with emergence of Lonardi, S. and 22 others. 2019. The genome tropical forests and radiation of songbirds. of cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Plant Journal 98(5): 767-782. [A 124: 199-212. [Nuclear and chloroplast comprehensive description of the genome gene data were used to address divergence of V. unguucilata , noting the identification times and ancestral area reconstruction for of an inversion of 4.2 Mb among landraces Loranthaceae whose crown group and cultivars, which includes a gene that originated in Australasian Gondwana has been associated in other plants with during the Paleocene to early Eocene (53– interactions with the parasitic weed Striga 66 Ma). Aerial parasitism evolved from gesnerioides .] root parasitsm ca. 50 Ma during the Eocene Lopez, L., Bellis, E.S., Wafula, E., Hearne, climatic optimum. Subsequently, S.J., Honaas, L., Ralph, P.E., Timko, M.P., Loranthaceae were widespread in Unachukwu, N., de Pamphilis, C.W. and Australasia and South America; the African Lasky, J.R. 2019. Transcriptomics of host- and European members being derived later specific interactions in natural populations from Asiatic lineages. The burst of of the parasitic plant purple witchweed diversification of Loranthaceae can be (Striga hermonthica ). Weed Science 67(4) correlated with climatic optima that 397-411. [Despite low levels of host-based coincide with the dominance of tropical genome-wide differentiation in S. forests and the rapid radiation of many bird hermonthica infesting sorghum and maize families.] in Nigeria, a set of parasite transcripts were HAUSTORIUM 77 28

identified specifically associated with each Iridoid aglycones from the underground host. Parasite genes in several different parts of Lathraea squamaria . Biochemical functional categories implicated as Systematics and Ecology 86: 103928. important in host-parasite interactions Mamudu, A.Y., Baiyeri, K.P. and Echezona, differed in expression level and allele on B.C. 2019. Effect of cropping system, seed different hosts, including genes involved in treatment and planting date on Striga nutrient transport, defense and hermonthica infestation and growth and pathogenesis, and plant hormone response.] yield of sorghum. African Journal of López-Ortega, M., Pérez-Rodríguez, P., Pérez- Agricultural Research 14(29): 1254-1261. Staples, D. and Díaz-Fleischer, F. 2019. [The results from trials in Nigeria showed Patterns of oviposition and feeding in the that S. hermonthica emergence was monophagous fly Anastrepha spatulata significantly delayed in sorghum variety (Diptera: Tephritidae) on its larval host ICSV1002, sorghum intercropped with plant Schoepfia schreberi . Environmental soyabean and sorghum soaked with 66 g/L Entomology 48(5): 1178-1186. [Results Parkia concentrate compared to other indicate that female A. spatulata use treatments.] different foraging tactics during the fruiting Mandrone, M., Bonvicini, F., Lianza, M., season and confirm that, in this case, the Sanna, C., Maxia, A., Gentilomi, G.A. and host plant S. schreberi Poli, F. 2019. Sardinian plants with (Schopfiaceae/Olacaceae) is not the center antimicrobial potential. Biological of activity. screening with multivariate data treatment Lukacova, Z., Svubova, R., Janikovicova, S., of thirty-six extracts. Industrial Crops and Volajova, Z. and Lux, A. 2019. Tobacco Products 137: 557-565. [ Cytinus hyocistis plants ( Nicotiana benthamiana ) were among several species showing influenced by silicon and were not infected ‘remarkable inhibitory activity towards by dodder ( Cuscuta europaea ). Plant bacterial strains from clinical specimens Physiology and Biochemistry 139: 179- and presenting different antibiotic- 190. [Silicon applied as a seed priming, resistance profiles.’] applied to the soil, or to the foliage almost Manyasi, C.N., Ochieno, D.M.W., Muyekho, completely prevented C. europaea F.N., Muoma, J.V.O., Pamela, M.M. and infestation on tobacco, presumably due to Naluyange, V. 2018. Soil maize cultivar- changes in cell wall properties in epidermis related challenges on Striga hermonthica and cortex. Tobacco growth was enhanced infested fields in Western Kenya. Journal in some seed priming and soil treatments of Plant Studies 7(2): 41-48. [Lowest but reduced in foliar treatments.] Striga numbers and highest yields were Luo YaTing, Qiu QiWei and Cui XianLiang. associated with white-seed commercial 2019. (Effects of light quality and seed size variety Duma, and with DAP + CAN on fourteen species of plants in Puer fertilizer. Water hyacinth compost region.) (in Chinese) Guangxi Zhiwu / containing Effective Microbes TM (HEM) Guihaia 39(7): 959-966. [The germination allowed high Striga emergence but gave percentage of Osyris quadripartita was higher yields than cattle manure.] highest and fastest in white or red light and Mapunda, E.P. and Mligo, C. 2019. Nutritional least in blue light or dark.] content and antioxidant properties of edible Maclean, A.E., Hertle, A.P., Ligas, J., Bock, indigenous wild fruits from Miombo R., Balk, J. and Meyer, E.H. 2018. woodlands in Tanzania. International Absence of complex I is associated with Journal of Biological and Chemical diminished respiratory chain function in Sciences 13(2): 849-860. [Concluding that European mistletoe. Current Biology the local fruits studied, including those 28(10): 1614-1619. [Showing that from Ximenia caffra could be be used as oxidative phosphorylation in Viscum valuable sources of nutrients and vital album , is highly diminished. Complex I natural antioxidant to human diets. ] activity and protein subunits of complex Martin čová, M., Kaštier, P., Krasylenko, Y.A., I could not be detected. The levels of Gajdoš, P., Čertík, M., Matušíková, I. and complex IV and ATP synthase were at Blehová, A. 2019. Species-specific least 5-fold lower than in a non-parasitic differences in architecture and chemical plant whereas alternative composition of dodder seeds. Flora (Jena) dehydrogenases and oxidases were 256: 61-68. [Showing that Cuscuta higher in abundance.] europaea and C. monogyna each have Malaník, M., Da ňková, I., Pokorná, M., special endosperm architecture and Gazdová, M. and Šmejkal, K. 20-19. different seed coat thickness. HAUSTORIUM 77 29

Histochemical staining also revealed implications for woodland insectivorous peculiar storage compounds composition birds. Austral Ecology 44(5): 777-785. and localisation in seeds. Starch deposits [Suggesting that unspecified mistletoe in occurred directly beneath C. europaea Spain (presumably Viscum album ) results testa, while only in the embryo in C. in changes in the litter and its arthropod monogyna .] complex which can favour insectivorous Masi, M., Fernández-Aparicio, M., Zatout, R., birds.] Boari, A., Cimmino, A. and Evidente, A. Menke, K., Schwermer, M., Schramm, A. and 2019. Inuloxin E, a new seco- Zuzak, T.J. 2019. Preclinical evaluation of eudesmanolide isolated from Dittrichia antitumoral and cytotoxic properties of viscosa , stimulating Orobanche cumana Viscum album Fraxini extract on pediatric seed germination. Molecules 19: 3479. tumor cells. Planta Medica 85(14/15): (https://www.mdpi.com/.../pdf ) [Both 1150-1159. [Concluding that the extract of inuloxins D and E induced germination of V. album ‘ abnobaVISCUM Fraxini’ ‘might O. cumana , but were inactive on O. minor be a potential remedy for the supportive and Phelipanche ramosa . The germination treatment of neuroblastoma.’] activity of some hemisynthetic esters of Menkir, A. and Meseka, S. 2019. Genetic inuloxin D was also investigated.] improvement in resistance to Striga in *Mathiasen, R.L. 2019. Susceptibility of red tropical maize hybrids. Crop Science, fir and white fir to fir dwarf mistletoe 59(6): 2484-2497. (Arceuthobium abietinum ) in California. (https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications Forest Pathology 49(3): e12516 /cs/abstracts/59/6/2484 ) [Reviewing the (https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12516 ). [A performance of maize hybrids from before careful study confirming that the forms of the 1990s and since the 1990s when A. abietinum f. sp. magnificae and breeding for polygenic resisance to S. concoloris are highly specific to red fir and hermonthica had resulted in 64% higher white fir respectively.] yields, 61% less Striga. ] Mathiasen, R.L. 2019. Susceptibility of Merchaoui, H., Ben Mansour, R., Oueslati, M., Coulter pine ( Pinus coulteri ) to western Medini, F., Hanana, M. and Ksouri, R. dwarf mistletoe ( Arceuthobium 2019. A comparative evaluation of total campylopodum ) in southern California. polyphenolic content and antioxidant Forest Pathology 49(5): e12543. (The potential of thirty medicinal halophytes results indicate that Coulter pine should be from the Mediterranean region. Journal of classified as a principal host of A. Agricultural Science and Technology campylopodum and not as a secondary host 21(6): 1433-1446. [Noting a particularly as previously reported.] high content of polyphenols and anti- Mbasani-Mansi, J., Briache, F.Z., Ennami, M., oxidants in Cynomoriumcoccineum .] Gaboun, F., Benbrahim, N., Triqui, Z.E.A. *Misra, V.A., Wafula, E.K., Wang Yu, de and Mentag, R. 2019. Resistance of Pamphilis, C.W. and Timko, M.P. 2019. Moroccan lentil genotypes to Orobanche Genome-wide identification of MST, SUT crenata infestation. Journal of Crop and SWEET family sugar transporters in Improvement 33(3): 306-326. [Among 17 root parasitic angiosperms and analysis of genotypes, VO8 was the most susceptible their expression during host parasitism. and LR9 and VO8 were the most resistant, BMC Plant Biology 19(196): (14 May but how resistant, not clear from abstract.] 2019). Mehanna, E.T., El-Sayed, N.M., Ibrahim, (https://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/ar A.K., Ahmed, S.A. and Abo-Elmatty, D.M. ticles/10.1186/s12870-019-1786-y) 2018. Isolated compounds from Cuscuta [Identify potential targets to further pedicellata ameliorate oxidative stress and investigations of the nutrient transport upregulate expression of some energy process in three parasitic weed plants.] regulatory genes in high fat diet induced Mohankumar, A., Kalaiselvi, D., Levenson, C., obesity in rats. Biomedicine & Shanmugam, G., Thiruppathi, G., Nivitha, Pharmacotherapy 108: 1253-1258. [The S. and Sundararaj, P. 2019. Antioxidant study suggests a beneficial role of C. and stress modulatory efficacy of essential pedicellata in reducing insulin resistance, oil extracted from plantation-grown oxidative stress and enhancing energy Santalum album L. Industrial Crops and expenditure.] Products 140: 111623. Mellado, A., Hobby, A., Lázaro-González, A. Mohapatra, S.R., Bhol, N. and Nayak, R.K. and Watson, D.M. 2019. Hemiparasites 2019. Standardization of nursery media and drive heterogeneity in litter arthropods: sowing time for germination of sandalwood HAUSTORIUM 77 30

(Santalum album L.) seed. Indian Forester Muhammad Qaiser and Anjum Perveen. 2019. 145(8): 752-756. [Describing results from Pollen morphology of the genus 8 different sowing media, with seeds with Pedicularis L. Orobanchaceae from and without seed coats.] Pakistan and Kashmir and its taxonomic Moniodis, J., Renton, M., Jones, C.G., implications. Pakistan Journal of Botany Barbour, E.L. and Byrne, M. 2018. Genetic 51(5): 1809-1818. [On the basis of exine and environmental parameters show ornamentation four distinct pollen types associations with essential oil composition viz., P. albida -type, P. oederi -type, P. in West Australian sandalwood ( Santalum bicornuta -type, and Pedicularis roylei -type spicatum ). Australian Journal of Botany were recognized but little correlation was 66(1): 48-58. found between the infrageneric Moon JeongMin, Chung YounJee, Chae Boah, classification and the pollen type.] Kang HeeJin, Cho HyunHee, Kim Muniyandi Kasipandi, Ayyapan Manikandan, JangHeub and Kim MeeRan. 2018. Effect Sreeja, P.S., Thamburaj Suman, of mistletoe on endometrial stromal cell Sathyanarayanan Saikumar, Sivaraj Dhivya survival and vascular endothelial growth and Thangaraj Parimelazhagan. 2019. factor expression in patients with Effects of in vitro simulated endometriosis. International Journal of gastrointestinal digestion on the Medical Sciences (Sydney) 15(13): 1530- antioxidant, α-glucosidase and α-amylase 1536. [Concluding that extracts of inhibitory activities of water-soluble mistletoe have anti-angiogenic activity on polysaccharides from Opilia amentacea endometrial stromal cells and thus have roxb fruit. LWT - Food Science and potential for the treatment of Technology 111: 774-781. [Concluding endometriosis. Extraordinarily, the full that the bioactive potential of O. amentacea paper makes no attempt to identify the (used as a traditional medicine in West species, but references suggest it was Africa) as an antioxidant and referring to Viscum album .] antihyperglycemic, which could be Moradzadeh, M., Hosseini, A., Rakhshandeh, considered as a promising candidate for H., Aghaei, A. and Sadeghnia, H.R. 2018. functional foods.] Cuscuta campestris induces apoptosis by Murage, A.W., Pittchar, J.O., Midega, C.A.O., increasing reactive oxygen species Onyango, C.O., Pickett, J.A. and Khan, generation in human leukemic cells. Z.R. 2019. Gender appropriateness of field Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine (AJP) days in knowledge generation and adoption 8(3): 237-245. of push-pull technology in eastern Africa. Morimoto, M. 2019. Chemical defense against East African Agricultural and Forestry insects in Heterotheca subaxillaris and Journal 83(4): 289-306. [Concluding that three Orobanchaceae species using women were more receptive than men to exudates from trichomes. Pest Management training in the push-pull technique for Science 75(9): 2474-2481. [Glandular control of Striga .] trichomes of Parentucellia viscosa showed Nabiabad, H.S.. Amini, M. and Kianersi, F. insect antifeedant activity. Non- 2019. Ipomoea batatas : papain propeptide biologically active secondary metabolites inhibits cysteine protease in main plant produced by P. latifolia and Bellardia parasites and enhances resistance of trixago were presumed to act as physical transgenic tomato to parasites. Physiology defenses due to their viscosity.] and Molecular Biology of Plants 25(4): Mrema, E., Shimelis, H. and Laing, M.D. 933-943. [Transgenic tomato containing an 2019. Combining ability of yield and yield inhibitory propeptide derived from sweet components among Fusarium oxysporum potato and some other sources were found f.sp. strigae compatible and Striga -resistant to be relatively resistant to Orobanche sorghum genotypes. Acta Agriculturae cernua and Cuscuta chinensis due to Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant defective haustorial connections.] Science Oct 2019. ( DOI: Ng, F.S P. 2019. Is Rafflesia an angiosperm? 10.1080/09064710.2019.1674915 ) [100 Journal of Tropical Forest Science 31(3): hybrid sorghum lines evaluated in Tanzania 286-297. [This sad paper attempts to make in Striga- infested situations with and the case that Rafflesia is not an angiosperm without F. oxysporum inoculation, by comparing various morphological identifying families with potential as features (androecium, gynoecium, fruit, genetic resources for breeding and seed) to “typical” flowering plants and integrated Striga management.] then, given their unusual nature, stating that those features are not homologous. All HAUSTORIUM 77 31

of this flies in the face of molecular and technique could have use in conservation developmental work that clearly shows management.] Rafflesiaceae is part of Malpigiales. Some Ouattara, Z.A., Sangaré, N., Mamyrbekova- of that literature is cited but apparently Bekro, A.J., Békro, Y.A., Tomi, P., Paoli, discounted.] M., Bighelli, A. and Tomi, F. 2018. Nge, F.J., Ranathunge, K., Kotula, L., Composition and chemical variability of Cawthray, G.R. and Lambers, H. 2019. essential oils isolated from aerial parts of Strong host specificity of a root hemi- Cassytha filiformis from Côte d'Ivoire. parasite ( Santalum acuminatum ) limits its Natural Product Communications 13(2): local distribution: beggars can be choosers. 217-218. [Determining various compounds Plant and Soil 437(1/2): 159-177. [ S. in C. filiformis , mainly sesquiterpenes.] acuminatum showed much stronger growth Ozturk, M., Coskuner, K.A., Usta, Y., Serdar, in association with Acacia saligna than B. and Bilgili, E. 2019. The effect of with 17 other potential hosts.] mistletoe ( Viscum album ) on branch wood Nisha Singh and Nishith Dharaiya. 2019. and needle anatomy of Scots pine ( Pinus Feeding patterns of Indian Giant Flying sylvestris ). IAWA Journal 40(2): 352-365. Squirrel ( Petaurista philippensis, Elliot [V. album ssp. austriacum caused major 1839) with reference to seasonal variation reductios in the double wall thickness, in Central Gujarat, India. Journal of lumen area, tangential lumen area and Forestry Research 30(5): 1959-1965. radial lumen area of the tracheids in the [Identifying Dendrophthoe falcata as a wood and a decrease in vascular area in the secondary food source for P. philippensis .] needles.] Nsor, C.A., Godsoe, W. and Chapman, H.M. *Pan Da, Schönswetter, P., Moser, T., Vitek, 2019. Promiscuous pollinators - evidence E. and Schneeweiss, G.M. 2019. Ancestral from an Afromontane sunbird-plant pollen remnants or peripheral segregates? transport network. Biotropica 51(4): 538- Phylogenetic relationships of two narrowly 548. [Noting the dependence of endemic Euphrasia species Globimetula braunii on sunbirds for (Orobanchaceae) from the eastern pollination.] European Alps. AoB Plants 11(2) plz007. Olsen, S. and Krause, K. 2019. A rapid (https://academic.oup.com/aobpla/article/1 preparation procedure for laser 1/2/plz007/5345136 ) [The diploid microdissection-mediated harvest of plant autogamous species Euphrasia inopinata tissues for gene expression analysis. Plant and E. sinuata are morphologically similar Methods 15(88): (02 August 2019). to allopolyploid E. minima . ITS and AFLP (https://plantmethods.biomedcentral.com/ar analysis, however, shows they are ticles/10.1186/s13007-019-0471-3) peripheral segregates of the widespread [Cuscuta reflexa growing on its compatible diploid allogamous E. alpina .] host plant Pelargonium zonale were Park InKyu, Song JunHo, Yang SungYu, Kim sectioned using a vibratome and dried on WookJin, Choi GoYa and Moon glass slides at 4°C before laser ByeongCheol. 2019. Cuscuta species microdissection. The expression levels of identification based on the morphology of two parasite genes previously found to be reproductive organs and complete highly expressed during host plant chloroplast genome sequences. infection were shown to differ individually International Journal of Molecular Sciences between specific regions of the infection 20(11): 2726. site. By drying plant sections under low (https://www.mdpi.com/1422- pressure to reduce the dehydration the 0067/20/11/2726/htm ) [Dried seeds from induced expression of two wound-related some Cuscuta species are used in Korean genes during preparation was avoided.] traditional medicine, hence means to Osathanunkul, M. 2019. eDNA-based distinguish C. japonica from C. chinesis monitoring of parasitic plant ( Sapria morphologically is given. The complete himalayana ). Scientific Reports 9(9161):1- plastome sequences of these species is also 5. [Environmental DNA (eDNA) was used given and compared to other dodder to monitor for the presence of this rare plastomes.] Sapria species from soil samples. Species Parul Bhargava, Ravindra, N. and Gyan Singh. specific primers and qPCR was used and 2018. A modified and improved protocol Sapria DNA was detected in all sites where development for in vitro clonal propagation the parasite was known to occur and none of Santalum album L. from internodal of the sites where it was not known. This explants. Tropical Plant Research 5(2): 193-199. HAUSTORIUM 77 32

Patel, B.P. and Singh, P.K. 2018. Viscum Medica 85(11/12): 911-916. [Confirming articulatum Burm. f.: a review on its high contents of dihydrochalcone phytochemistry, pharmacology and glucosides, including the two bioactive traditional uses.Journal of Pharmacy and constituents thonningianin A and B, Pharmacology 70(2): 159-177. [Reviewing presumed to be responsible for the the traditional uses of V. articulatum in antidiabetic use of T. sanguinea in Chinerse and Ayurvedic medicine against Angola.] hypertension, ulcer, epilepsy, Potapov, G.S. and Kolosova, Yu.S. 2018. inflammation, wound nephrotoxicity. Distribution and habitat preference of Major bioactive phytochemicals include Bombus (Kallobombus) soroeensis oleanolic acid, betulinic acid, eriodictyol, (Fabricius, 1777) on the territory of naringenin, β-amyrin acetate and Arkhangelsk Region. Arctic Environmental visartisides,] Research 18(2): 66-70. [Recording B. Pelzer, F. and Tröger, W. 2018. soroeensis on Rhinanthus minor .] Complementary treatment with mistletoe Priyanka Chauhan, Mamta Sharma, Radha and extracts during chemotherapy: safety, Sunil Puri. 2019. Phytochemical screening neutropenia, fever, and quality of life of Acorus calamus Linn. and Cuscuta assessed in a randomized study. Journal of reflexa Roxb. Annals of Agri Bio Research Alternative and Complementary Medicine 24(1): 33-35. [Finding a wide range of 24(9/10): 954-961. [Confirming that constituents which could have medicinal extracts of Viscum album used in use but nothing specific.] conjunction with chemotherapy had no Punia, S.S., Yadav, D.B., Vinod Maun, adverse effects and alleviated some of the Manjeet and Todarmal Punia. 2019. symptoms from the chemotherapy.] Biology and large scale demonstration for Phiri, C.K., Kabambe, V.H,; Bokosi, J. and management of Orobanche aegyptiaca in Mumba, P. 2019. Screening of Alectra mustard. Indian Journal of Weed Science vogelii ecotypes on legume and non- 51(3): 266-269. [Confirming that legume crop species in Malawi. South glyphosate at 25 and 50 g/ha could give African Journal of Plant and Soil 36(2): substantial control of O. aegyptiaca but no 137-142. [ A. vogelii parasitized mainly indication of safety in abstract.] soybean, groundnut, Phaseolus bean, Purohit, C.S. 2019. A note on some rare plants Bambara nut and cowpea. Emergence of of Rajasthan reported from Todgarh-Raoli the parasite differed somewhat on Bambara Wildlife Sanctuary. International Journal of nuts, pigeon pea and flax, according to the Forest Usufructs Management 20: 36-45. source of the A. vogelii seed. Green gram, [Including taxonomic description, chickpea, quinoa and sunflower were distribution and economic importance of resistant.] Dendrophthoe falcata .] Pointurier, O., Gibot ‐Leclerc , S., Le Corre, Qasem, J.R. 2019. Branched broomrape V., Reibvel, C., Strbik. F. and Colbach, N. (Orobanche ramosa L.) control in tomato 2019. Intraspecific seasonal variation of (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) by trap dormancy and mortality of Phelipanche crops and other plant species in rotation. ramosa seeds. Weed Research 59(6):407- Crop Protection 120: 75-83 . [44 species 418. [Samples of O. ramosa from a tested as trap crops to reduce O. ramosa in rapeseed host and from hemp were buried glasshouse-grown tomatoes. Ecballium 30cm deep and sampled at 6 week intervals elaterium reduced O. ramosa by 56% and over 2 years. When retrieved and tested improved crop dry weight by 126%. From with GR24 they showed variation in the average of two experiments, high germination over the season with tomato growth and best parasite control maximum around the time of crop sowing (73% reduction) were obtained after Vigna and least towards harvest time. sinensis .] Spontaneous germination (without Qasem, J.R. 2019. Weed seed dormancy: the stimulant) was high for samples from hemp ecophysiology and survival strategies. In: but very low for those from rapeseed. Dormancy and Germination. DOI: Viability declined by ony 4-7% per year.] 10.5772/intechopen.88015 [Including Pompermaier, L., Schwaiger, S., Mawunu, M., quite detailed sections on germination of Lautenschlaeger, T. and Stuppner, H. 2019. stimulants, and inhibitors, of parasitic Development and validation of a UHPLC- weeds Striga, Orobanche etc.] DAD method for the quantitative analysis Qu, X.-J., Fan, S.-J., Wicke, S., and Yi T. of major dihydrochalcone glucosides from S.2019. Plastome reduction in the only Thonningia sanguinea VAHL. Planta parasitic gymnosperm Parasitaxus is due to HAUSTORIUM 77 33

losses of photosynthesis but not dwarf mistletoe ( Arceuthobium oxycedri housekeeping genes and apparently (DC.) M. Bieb.) and qualitative and involves the secondary gain of a large quantitative characteristics of the host tree, inverted repeat.. Genome Biology and physiographic conditions, and soil erosion.) Evolution 11(10): 2789–96. (in Persian) Iranian Journal of Forest and https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz187 . Poplar Research 27(1): Pe64-Pe75. [Provides DNA sequence data for (http://ijfpr.areeo.ac.ir/article_119182_839 Parasitaxus and shows that the trajectory 4a04181f05104138d8e2f505acada.pdf ) of heterotrophy-related reduction of its [Results suggest that Juniperus excelsa plastid differs from known patterns of with broader canopy, higher collar parasitic flowering plants] diameter, and taller height are more prone Rabiu, A. 2018. Use of cassia ( Cassia to parasitism by A. oxycedri in Iran.] obtusifolia ) green manure and nitrogen Řezanka, T., Kolouchová, I., Nedbalová, L. rates for striga ( Striga hermonthica Del and Sigler, K. 2018. Enantiomeric Benth) management in sorghum ( Sorghum separation of triacylglycerols containing bicolor (L) Moench) in Sudan savanna, very long chain fatty acids. Journal of Nigeria. International Journal for Research Chromatography, A 1557: 9-19. in Applied Science and Engineering [Describing the extraction and Technology 6(8): 401-407. [Comparing 0, identification of TAGs from various 40 and 80 kg N/ha with and without two sources including from Ximenia americana levels of C. obtusifolia green manure. and discussing possible biosynthetic Highest yields and least S. hermonthica pathways.] recorded at 80 kg N. Green manure Ricco, M. V. And 10 others. 2019. apparently gave little benefit but abstract Establishment of callus-cultures of the not clear.] Argentinean mistletoe, Ligaria cuneifolia Rakhshanda Akhtar and Anwar Shahzad. (R. et P.) Tiegh (Loranthaceae) and 2019. Morphology and ontogeny of screening of their polyphenolic content. directly differentiating shoot buds and Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture somatic embryos in Santalum album L. 138(1): 167-180. [Confirming the presence Journal of Forestry Research 30(4): 1179- of quercetin glycosides and phenolic acids 1189. [Describing suitable culture media in the methanolic extracts of L. cuneifolia for the regeneration of differentiating shoot and the callus obtained from embryo buds and somatic embryos in S. album. ] culture. L. cuneifolia extracts are claimed Ravazzolo, L., Trevisan, S., Manoli, A., to have hypolipemic, antioxidant, Boutet-Mercey, S., Perreau, F. and antibacterial, and immunomodulatory Quaggiotti, S. 21209. The control of effects.] zealactone biosynthesis and exudation is Rim ChaiHong, Koun SooNil, Park HaeChul, involved in the response to nitrogen in Lee Suk and Kim ChulYong. 2019. maize root. Plant and Cell Physiology Radioprotective effects of mistletoe extract 60(9): 2100-2112. [Showing that the in zebrafish embryos in vivo. International inhibition of zealactone production Journal of Radiation Biology 95(8): 1150- observed in response to nitrate and 1159. [Concluding that ‘Abnoba Viscum ammonium would contribute to the Q’ (an extract from Viscum album on oak?) regulation of lateral root development as might be a new candidate radioprotectant well as to increased germination of to enhance cancer radiotherapy efficacy.] Phelipanche ramosa. ] Rowntree, J.K. and Craig, H. 2019. The *Rehberg, N. and 9 others. 2019. 3-O-Methyl- contrasting roles of host species diversity alkylgallates inhibit fatty acid desaturation and parasite population genetic diversity in in Mycobacterium tuberculosis . the infection dynamics of a keystone Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy parasitic plant. Journal of Ecology 63(9): pp.e00136. [Confirming moderate (Oxford) 107(1): 23-33. [Finding a strong bactericidal effect of 3-O-methyl- effect of host plant species diversity on the butylgallate from ‘ Loranthus micranthus ’ establishment of Rhinanthus minor, with (= Englerina gabonensis = L. establishment considerably lower in a high micrantherus ) against M. tuberculosis species diversity treatment. Genetic acting synergistically with isoniazid diversity appeared to promote leading to sterilization in liquid culture.] establishment of the parasite in the high *Rezanejad, A., Ravanbakhsh, H. and species diversity treatment, and also Kartoolinejad, D. 2019. (Relationship facilitated longer term fitness in the low between abundance/infection intensity of species diversity treatment. Grass relative HAUSTORIUM 77 34

biomass decreased and legume relative nicotine itself. The present study proves the biomass increasing when the parasite was sequestration of pyridine alkaloids by O. present.] ramosa from four investigated Nicotiana Sabino, W.O., Alves-dos-Santos, I. and da host species, including tobacco.]. Silva, C.I. 2019. Versatility of the trophic Scheiterle, L., Häring, V., Birner, R. and niche of Centris ( Paracentris ) burgdorfi Bosch, C. 2019. Soil, Striga, or subsidies? (Apidae, Centridini). Arthropod - Plant Determinants of maize productivity in Interactions 13(2): 227-237. [Identifying 41 northern Ghana. Agricultural Economics species pollinated by C. burgdorfi 50(4): 479-494. [Exploring the reasons for including Krameria spp.] the relative failure of the fertilizer subsidy Sánchez-Flores, Ó.Á., Carapia-Ruiz, V.E., programme in Ghana, and the need for García-Martínez, O. and Castillo-Gutiérrez, investment in capacity building and A. 2018. (First record for Mexico of the extension services to address the site- Aleurothrixus myrtacei Bondar, 1923 specific problems through comprehensive (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), their hosts and soil fertility management techniques and distribution.) (in Spanish) Acta Zoologica weed control. Promoting soil carbon Mexicana 34: e3411192. management, minimum mechanical stress, (http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?scrip crop rotation, and permanent soil cover t=sci_arttext&pid=S0065- should be further investigated as options 17372018000100207&lng=en&nrm=iso&tl for the region.] ng=es ) [First record of A. myrtaceae for Seiler, G.J. 2019. Genetic resources of the Mexico; also for its host Phoradendron sunflower crop wild relatives for macrophyllum .] resistance to sunflower broomrape. Sanni, O., Erukainure, O.L., Oyebode, O.A., Helia (https://doi.org/10.1515/helia-2019- Koorbanally, N.A. and Islam, M.S. 2018. 0012) [Noting that resistance to Concentrated hot water-infusion of Orobanche cumana has been reported in Phragmanthera incana improves muscle 7 annual and 32 perennial wild glucose uptake, inhibits carbohydrate sunflower relatives and referring to the digesting enzymes and abates Fe2+- USDA National Plant Germplasm induced oxidative stress in hepatic tissues. System collection of 2,519 accessions Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 108: 417- from 14 annual and 39 perennial species; 423. [The results suggest that the observed but not clear from the abstract whether antidiabetic and antioxidative potentials of or how that collection is being used.] P. incana could be attributed to 2- Senkler, J., Rugen, N., Eubel, H., Hegermann, methoxythiazole; l-cysteine ; nicotinic acid J. and Braun, H.P. 2018. Absence of ; S-methyl-l-cysteine; isoquinoline, 1- complex I implicates rearrangement of the methyl-; and 1H-indole-2,3-dione,5- respiratory chain in European mistletoe. methyl, supporting folkloric medicinal use Current Biology 28(10): 1606-1613. of this plant in southern Africa.] [Results demonstrate that, in the context of Sardesai, M.M., Gaikwad, S.P and Yadav, S.R. parasitism, multicellular life can cope with 2019. Viscum sahyadricum (Viscaceae), a lack of one of the OXPHOS complexes and new species from the Western Ghats of give new insights into the life strategy of India. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 76(3): Viscum album and other mistletoe species.] 369-376. [This new species is described, Seran, Y.N., Sudarto, Hakim, L. and illustrated, and compared to similar Viscum Arisoesilaningsih, E. 2018. Sandalwood species.] (Santalum album ) growth and farming Saucier, J, Milensky, C M, Caraballo-Ortiz, M success strengthen its natural conservation A, Ragai, R, Faridah Dahlan, N & in the Timor Island, Indonesia. Edwards, D P. 2019. A distinctive new Biodiversitas: Journal of Biological species of flowerpecker (Passeriformes: Diversity 19(4): 1586-1592. [Studying S. Dicaeidae) from Borneo. Zootaxa. 4826(4). album across Timor and identifying those [see Press report above.] districts with the highest quality and noting Scharenberg, F., Stegemann, T., Çiçek, S.S. that farmers had a significant role in and Zidorn, C. 2019. Sequestration of strengthening sandalwood conservation in pyridine alkaloids anabasine and nicotine their districts as shown by their successful from Nicotiana (Solanaceae) by farming and tree growth quality that was Orobanche ramosa (Orobanchaceae). similar to that in the forest.] Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 86: Shalini, K.S., Omita Yengkhom, Subramani, 103908. [ O. ramosa is not able to P.A. and Michael, R.D. 2019. synthesize pyridine alkaloids anabasine and Polysaccharide fraction from the Indian HAUSTORIUM 77 35

mistletoe, Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Those from in Iner Mongolia showed Ettingsh enhances innate immunity and greatest parasitism by C. desertcola .] disease resistance in Oreochromis niloticus *Shimizu, K. and Aoki, K. 2019. Development (Linn.). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 88: of parasitic organs of a stem holoparasitic 407-414. [A polysaccharide extract from D. plant in genus Cuscuta . Frontiers in Plant falcata fed to Nile tilapia provided Science 12(19: 1435. substantial protection against the bacterium (https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.338 Aeromonas hydrophila , apparently via an 9/fpls.2019.01435/full ) [ A detailed immunostimulatory action.] consideration of the factors and processes Shameem, S.A., Khan, K.Z., Waza, A.A. and involved in the development of the holdfast Ganai, B.A. 2018. Phytochemical and haustorium. Also the role of the host components and antioxidant properties of receptor in the control of the compatibility Viscum album growing on Populus alba between host and parasite, and the role of host tree. International Journal of Research plant-to-plant transfer of long-distance in BioSciences 7(2): 1-9. [Identifying signals.] numerous components of extracts from V. Shivaprakash and Hiremath, S.M. 2018. album and confirming that the methanolic Studies on wild edible fruit yielding plants extract of the parasite infesting Polulus used by local communities in Dakshina alba had strong antioxidant properties.] Kannada District, Karnataka (India). Shankar, M.and Devakumar, A.S. 2018. Effect International Journal of Forest Usufructs of pre-sowing treatments on seed Management 19: 24-31. [Including germination and seedling qualities of reference to the use of Scleropyrum spp. sandalwood ( Santalum album L.). Mysore (Santalaceae) for cooking oil.] Journal of Agricultural Sciences 52(4): Song Hui, Li WenLan, Sun XiangMing, Hu 732-737. [Finding that GA 3 500 ppm for 24 Yang, Ding JingXin, Ji YuBin and Wang hours is the best pre-sowing treatment to JingYa. 2019. Estrogenic activity of obtain maximum planting material.] glycosides from Cistanche deserticola as *Shao MingHui, Dai Wei, Yuan SiWen, Lu an estrogen receptors adjuvant in vitro. Yan, Chen DaoFeng and Wang Qi. 2018. Pharmacognosy Magazine 15(65): 693- Iridoids from Pedicularis verticillata and 697. their anti-complementary activity. Sotero-García, A.I., Arteaga-Reyes, T.T., Chemistry & Biodiversity 15(6): e1800033. Martínez-Campos, A.R. and Bunge-Vivier, [Three new iridoids named as V. 2018. (Local knowledge of pediverticilatasin A-C isolated from P. Arceuthobium genus in a Natural Protected veticillata . Compounds A and C are Area of the centre of Mexico.) (in Spanish) plausible candidates for developing potent Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de anti-complementary agents. ] Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas 17(2): Shayanowako, A.T., Laing, M., Shimelis, H. 120-129. [Noting that A. vaginatum and A. and Mwadzingeni, L. 2018. Resistance globosum are recorded locally. They are breeding and biocontrol of Striga asiatica not generally recognised as being (L.) Kuntze in maize: a review. Acta damaging for the forest but are used for Agriculturæ Scandinavica, Section B - Soil making toys(?) and ink, and medicinally & Plant Science 68(2): 110-120. [A review for respiratory and nervous complaints.] of Striga control techniques with emphasis Souza Neto Júnior, J.deC., Estevão, L.R.deM., on the S. asiatica problem in southern Ferraz, A.A., Simões, R.S., Vieira, M.G.F. Africa, emphasising the potential of and Evêncio Neto, J. 2019. Ointment of combining resistance breeding and partial Ximenes americana promotes acceleration resistance with Fusarium oxysporum ssp. of wound healing in rats. Acta Cirurgica strigae .] Brasileira 34(3): e201900307. [Concluding Shen Liang and 9 others, 2019. Parasitic that the topical action of a cream based on relationship of Cistanche deserticola and X. americana shows angiogenic effects and host-plant Haloxylon ammodendron based improves the replacement of collagen, on genetic variation of host. Chinese suggesting its use for the development of a Herbal Medicines 11(3): 267-274. herbal remedy in the treatment of [Confirming wide genetic diversity in 98 cutaneous wound healing.] populations of H. ammodendron and the Suetsugu, K. 2018. Independent recruitment of order of affinity of different populations a novel seed dispersal system by camel was given, which were primers for crickets in achlorophyllous plants. New discovering high affinity germplasms. Phytologist 217(2): 828-835. [Confirming that camel crickets are the main means of HAUSTORIUM 77 36

seed dispersal in Phacellanthus tubiflorus isolated from Balanophore fungosa in (Orobanchaceae), associated with the Lampang Province, Thailand.] occurrence of this species in dense forest Sv ětlíková, P., Hájek, T. and Těšitel, J. 2018. vegetation where wind dispersal would be A hemiparasite in the forest understorey: inefficient.] photosynthetic performance and carbon Sullivan, E.R., Barker, C., Powell, I. and balance of Melampyrum pratense . Plant Ashton, P.A. 2019. Genetic diversity and Biology 20(1): 50-58. [The results point to connectivity in fragmented populations of potgenetic resources of the sunflower crop Rhinanthus minor in two regions with wild relatives entially high importance of contrasting land-use. Biodiversity and heterotrophic carbon acquisition in M. Conservation 28(12): 3159-3181. [Finding pratense , which could be of at least little difference in the genetic diversity comparable importance as in other within populations of R. minor from mixotrophic plants growing in forests. It is extensively managed upland and remarkable that despite apparent intensively managed lowland but evolutionary pressure towards improved recommending that conservation strategies carbon acquisition from the host, M. should aim to maintain large populations in pratense retains efficient photosynthesis meadows to enhance genetic diversity.] and high transpiration, the ecophysiological Sultan, A., Tate, J.A., de Lange, P.J., Glenny, traits typical of related root hemiparasites D., Ladley, J.J., Heenan, P. and Robertson, in the Orobanchaceae .] A.W. 2018. Host range, host specificity, Szmidla, H., Tkaczyk, M., Plewa, R., regional host preferences and genetic Tarwacki, G. and Sierota, Z. 2019. Impact variability of Korthalsella Tiegh. of common mistletoe ( Viscum album L.) on (Viscaceae) mistletoes in New Zealand. Scots pine forests - a call for action. Forests New Zealand Journal of Botany 56(2): 10(10): 847. [ V. album has been causing 127-162. [Describing in detail the host increasing damage to Scots pine in recent ranges and distribution of K. years and is now estimated to infest over salicornioides, K. clavata and K. lindsayi 70,000 ha of forest in Poland. The paper in New Zealand. K. salicornioides is the reviews its impact on tree breeding traits most widespread and also the most host and raw material losses as well as current specific, mainly on Leptospermum options for its prevention and eradication.] scoarium. The others are less host specific Tai, B.H, and 10 others. 2019. Three new but K. clavata occurs mostly on Coprosma constituents from the parasitic plant propinqua and K. lindsayi mostly on Balanophora laxiflora . Natural Product Melicope simplex .] Communications 14:1-6. [The new *Sun GuiLing and 13 others. 208. Large-scale compounds included an iridoid, a rare gene losses underlie the genome evolution natural occurring 1-hydroxy-1,3- of parasitic plant Cuscuta australis. Nature diarylpropan-2-one glucoside, and an Communications 9(7): 2683. aryltetralin lignan glucoside. The isolated (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467- compounds weakly inhibited both NO 018-04721-8) [The complete nuclear production and COX-2 mRNA expression genome of this dodder reveals that, like in in RAW264.7 macrophages.] plastomes, genes are lost, i.e. 11.7% fewer Thorogood, C. 2019. Hydnora : the strangest orthologs than in autotrophic plants. Gene plant in the world? Plants, People, expression data suggest that formation of Planet 1(1): 5-7. [A wonderfully detailed the haustorium mostly requires genes description of the genus and its 8 species; involved in root development.] their evolution and life history, Sundararaj, R., Wilson, J.J. and Vimala, D. reproductive history, beautifully 2019. Stem borers of Indian sandalwood illustrated with photos and his own (Santalum album Linn.) in Karnataka, superb drawings. This item was included India. Journal of the Indian Academy of in Haustorium 75 but is repeated, given Wood Science 16(1): 31-35. [Several this new, more accessible publication.] species of stem borers are recorded from S. Tian Shuo, Miao MingSan, Li XiuMin, Bai album .] Ming, Wu YanYi and Wei ZhenZhen. Suwannarach, N., Kumla, J. and Lumyong, S. 2019. Study on neuroendocrine-immune 2018. Spissiomyces endophytica function of Phenylethanoid Glycosides of (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota), a new Desertliving Cistanche herb in endophytic fungus from Thailand. perimenopausal rat model. Journal of Phytotaxa 333(2): 219-227. [A new species Ethnopharmacology 238: 111884. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/art HAUSTORIUM 77 37

icle/pii/S0378874118329428 ) [Claiming was also less in mixed than in pure stands, that each dose of phenylethanoid perhaps because of difference in dispersal glycosides of ‘desertliving Cistanche ‘( C. of seed by birds.] deserticola ?) could ‘counteract the disorder Wahid, H.A., Barozai, M.Y.K. and of sex hormone in perimenopausal model Muhammad Din. 2019. Identification and rats, correct the imbalance of oestrogen and characterization of dwarf mistletoe androgen receptor levels, enhance and responding genes in Ziarat juniper tree restore the effect of uterus and the nerve (Juniperus excelsa M.Bieb) through cells of hypothalamic, and improve suppression subtractive hybridization and immune function.’] deep sequencing. Trees: Structure and Tsegu Ereso. 2019. The role of Faidherbia Function 33(4): 1027-1039. [Identifying albida tree species in Parkland 985 genes differentally expressed in shoots Agroforestry and its management in of J. excelsa , infected and non-infected by Ethiopia. Journal of Horticulture and Archeuthobium oxycedri in Pakistan. The Forestry 11(3): 42-47. [Promoting use of responding genes are observed to be the F. albida tree in an agroforestry system involved stress, transcription factor, to reduce the problem of Striga signaling pathway and structural proteins. hermonthica on degrtaded soils in Ethiopia. The results will be useful in preparing the F. albida serves as a fodder for livestock juniper trees against dwarf mistletoe and and a source of nectar for honey.] other stresses.] Tu ğlu, M. İ., Aydem İr, I., Sönmez, P.K., *Wakabayashi, T. and 10 others. 2019. Direct Buran, T. and Mete, M. 2018. The effects conversion of carlactonoic acid to of medicinal plants on cancer cell lines and orobanchol by cytochrome P450 CYP722C efficacy of experimental animal model. in strigolactone biosynthesis. Science International Journal of Secondary Advances 5(12): eaax9067. Metabolite 5(1): 49-59. [Extracts of several (https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5 plants including Viscum album reduced /12/eaax9067.full ) [Luiza?) antioxidative damage and inhibited Wang Han, Snapp, S.S., Fisher, M. and Viens, apoptosis.] F. 2019. A Bayesian analysis of Uraguchi, D. and 13 others. 2018. A longitudinal farm surveys in Central femtomolar-range suicide germination Malawi reveals yield determinants and site- stimulant for the parasitic plant Striga specific management strategies. PLoS ONE hermonthica . Science (Washington) 14(8): e0219296. 362(6420): 1301-1305. [A further (https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id description and discussion of the =10.1371/journal.pone.0219296 ) [ Striga discovery of sphynolactone-7 and its asiatica infestation was the factor most potential for control of Striga and other consistently associated with lower yields in parasitic weeds by suicidal germination. Central Malawi, and concluding that See Literature Highlight above Koichi.] enhancing nitrogen fertility will lead to Usman, I., Daniya, E. and Kolo, M.G.M. 2018. higher maize yields. To improve plant Aeschynomene histrix (joint vetch) fallow nitrogen status, fertilizer was effective at and nitrogen fertilizer effects on Striga higher productivity sites, whereas soil hermonthica infestation and maize ( Zea carbon and organic inputs were important mays ) productivity in southern Guinea at marginal sites.] savanna of Nigeria. Agro-Science 17(3): 1- Waweru, D.N., Kuria, E.K.Bradley, J.M., 6. [Recording benefits from fallowing with Scholes, J.D. and Runo, S. 2019. Tissue A. histrix fallow (compared with natural culture protocols for the obligate parasitic fallow) and from N in reduction of S. plant Striga hermonthica and implications hermonthica and improved crop yield. for host-parasite co-cultivation. Plant Cell, Apparently no comparison with continuous Tissue and Organ Culture 138(2): 247-256. cropping and no economic analysis (e.g A. [Finding the best auxin and cytokinin histrix fallow had to be weeded).] concentrations to be: 10.7 µM Van Halder, I., Castagneyrol, B., Ordóñez, C., naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2.2 µM Bravo, F., del Río, M., Perrot, L. and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) for Jactel, H. 2029. Tree diversity reduces pine embryogenic regeneration and 1.1-4.4 µM infestation by mistletoe. Forest Ecology BAP without NAA for shoot and Management 449: 17470. [Comparing multiplication. Callus generated from the occurrence of V. album ssp. austriacum seedling shoot and leaf tissue but not from in Pinus sylvestris and in P. pinaster. seedling radicles. The techniques described Occurrence was higher in taller trees, but HAUSTORIUM 77 38

in this study will enhance further Yan HaiFeng and 11 others. 2018. Selection understanding of Striga -host interactions.] and validation of novel RT-qPCR reference Wei Wei and 9 others. 2019. Echinacoside genes under hormonal stimuli and in alleviates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in different tissues of Santalum album. neonatal rat by enhancing antioxidant Scientific Reports 8(1): 17511. [The results capacity and inhibiting apoptosis. should improve the accuracy of RT-qPCR Neurochemical Research 44(7): 1582- analysis and benefit S. album functional in 1592. different tissues and under hormone stimuli Wieczorek, A., Lysek-Gladysinska, M., Krol, in the future.] T., Kordos, K., Kosi ńska, K., Atanasov, Yang BeiFen, Zhang Xue, Zagorchev, L., Li A.G., Strzalkowska, N., Jozwik, A. 2019. JunMin, Frey, B. and Li MaiHe. 2019. Biochemical and morphological changes in Parasitism changes rhizospheric soil mouse liver induced by mistletoe toxins. microbial communities of invasive Food and Chemical Toxicology 129: 229- Alternanthera philoxeroides , benefitting 238. [Microscopic examinations revealed the growth of neighboring plants. Applied that hepatocyte mitochondria were Soil Ecology 143: 1-9. [ Cuscuta australis enlarged and increased in number, whereas parasitism increased alpha-diversity and the surface of the rough endoplasmic changed the composition of both bacterial reticulum was decreased significantly.] and fungal community in the rhizosphere Wijesekera, R.O.B. 2019. Sandalwood: king of of A. philoxeroides. Soil microflora from the fragrance empire. LINK Natural parasitised A. philoxeroides reduced Products Digest 15(1): 2-7. [A wide- growth of unparasitised A. philoxeroides ranging review of the botany, distribution but increased growth of Trifolium repens .] and uses of Santalum album in Sri Lanka Yang Liu, Yang GuanSong, Ma HaiYing, and elsewhere.] Wang YueHua and Shen ShiKang. 2018. Wu AiPing, Zhong Wen, Yuan JinRui, Qi Phylogenetic placement of Yunnanopilia LiangYu, Chen FaLin, Liang YunShan., He (Opiliaceae) inferred from molecular and FeiFei and Wang YanHong. 2019. The morphological data. Journal of Systematics factors affecting a native obligate parasite, and Evolution 56(1): 48-55. [The authors Cuscuta australis , in selecting an exotic conducted a molecular analysis and weed, Humulus scandens , as its host. compared the morphology of this taxon Scientific Reports 9(1): 511. [Concluding with Melientha suavis and Champereia that C. australis may be useful for manillana . Molecular data place all biological control of H. scandens where it Yunnanopilia accessions in a clade with is dominant, but would also damage native Melientha . The authors considered the species in a mixed vegetation.] morphological differences to be sufficient *Xia Zhi, Wen Jun and Gao ZhiMing. 2019. to recognize a new genus, however, the Does the enigmatic Wightia belong to idea that it is simply another species of Paulowniaceae ()? Frontiers in Melientha was not entertained.] Plant Science 10(April): pp.528. ( Yao RuiFeng; andChen Li; Xie DaoXin. 2018. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.338 Irreversible strigolactone recognition: a 9/fpls.2019.00528/full ) [The familial non-canonical mechanism for hormone placement of Wightia has been perception. Current Opinion in Plant controversial, including near Paulownia Biology 45(A): 155-161. [[Review that (Paulowniaceae) and Brandesia discuses recent advances in the newly (Orobanchaceae). Nuclear ITS data suggest described irreversible mechanism for a sister relationship to Paulownia , thus it strigolactone perception.] may represent a hybrid between early Yapa, S.S., Mohotti, A.J., Seneviratne, lineages of Phrymaceae and M.A.P.K., Peiris, B.L. and Tennakoon, Paulowniaceae.] K.U. 2018. Prevalence of mistletoes in fruit *Xu YuQun and 11 others. 2018. Structural and timber trees in the wet and analysis of HTL and D14 proteins reveals intermediate zone of Sri Lanka. Tropical the basis for ligand selectivity in Striga. Agricultural Research 29(4): 330-340. Nature Communications 9(9): 3947. [Dendrophthoe falcata , D. neilgherrensis , (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467- Scurrulla cordifolia , Viscum articulatum , 018-06452-2) [Analysis of karrin and Taxillus incanus , and V. orientale were the strigolactone perception mediators provide mistletoes species infested in fruit trees; insight into how these hormones are while D. falcata , D. neilgherrensis , S. perceived by Striga hermonthica .] cordifolia , S. parasitica , V. articulatum and V. orientale were found in timber species. HAUSTORIUM 77 39

D. falcata was the most predominant significantly increased those of nine parasitic plant in both fruit and timber genera. The Chao 1 indexes of the trees. Mangifera indica and Albizia were rhizospheric soil bacterial community of the most susceptible host fruit and timber parasitised T. repens were significantly species, respectively.] lower than those of non-parasitised T. Yao RuiFeng, Li JiaYang and Xie DaoXin. repens .] 2018. Recent advances in molecular basis Yoshida, S. and Shirasu, K. 2018. Host for strigolactone action. Science China Life recognition and infection mechanism by Sciences 61(3): 277-284. [A brief review, parasitic Orobanchaceae plants. Japanese including reference to parasitic weeds.] Journal of Phytpathology 84(2): 267-274. Yi ChunXia, Hong ZhengShan, Tan LiuPing, [This review focuses on the interaction Li WanTing, Zeng ChunHui and Yang Ke. between the parasites, Orobanche and 2019. (Experimental study on anti- Phelipanche spp. and their hosts.] inflammation effects of Taxillus chinensis. ) Yuniwati, C., Ramli, N., Purwita, E., Yusnaini, (in Chinese) Journal of Pharmaceutical Y., Nurdahliana, N., Miko, A., Liana, I., Research 38(2): 70-73. Extracts oif T. Andriani, A. and Maharani, M. 2018. chinensis have obvious inhibitory effect on Molecular docking for active compounds inflammation at different stages in mice, of Scurrula atropurpurea as anti- without affecting the weight of immune inflammatory candidate in endometriosis. organs after continuous administration.] Acta Informatica Medica 26(4): 254-257. *Yoshida, S, 42 others. 2019. Genome [Concluding that rutin is the active sequence of Striga asiatica provides insight ingredient in S. atropurpurea which could into the evolution of plant parasitism. be used as an alternative inhibitor of Current Biology 29:3041-3052.e3044. inflamation in endometriosis.] [This draft genome sequence has 34,577 Zeng Hui, Huang LuLin, Zhou LiShuang, predicted protein-coding genes. A family Wang PeiPei, Chen Xia and Ding Kan. of strigolactone receptors has expanded, 2019. A galactoglucan isolated from of suggesting a molecular basis for the Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma. and its evolution of broad host range among Striga bioactivity on intestinal bacteria strains. species. Genes involved in lateral root Carbohydrate Polymers 223: 115038. development in non-parasitic plants are [Results suggest that a neutral coordinately induced during haustorium polysaccharide from C. deserticola might development in Striga. HGT of host genes help to maintain intestinal homeostasis and into Striga were seen as well as regulate gut bacteria.] retrotransposons.] Zhang Lin, Li GuangJie, Dong GangQiang, *Yoshimura, M, Fonne-Pfister, R., Wang Meng, Di DongWei, Kronzucker, Screpanti, C., Heremann, K., H.J. and Shi WeiMing. 2019. Dieckmann, M., Quinodoz, P and de Characterization and comparison of nitrate Mesmaeker, A. 2019. Total synthesis fluxes in Tamarix ramosissima and cotton and biological evaluation of heliolactone. roots under simulated drought conditions. Helvetica Oct 2019:em1900211. Tree Physiology 39(4): 628-640. [A (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/1522 detailed study of the reaction of T. 2675/2019/102/11 ) [Assessing ramosissima to drought stress, with and heliolactone for a variety of expected without parasitisation by Cistanche strigolactone activities, including tubulosa. ] germination of Orobanche cumana , for Zhang ShiLei, Ma Long, Zhao Jun, You which it proved more active than GR24.] ShuPing, Ma XiaoTing, Ye XiaoYan and Yu BinBin; Brunel, C., Yang BeiFen, Li Liu Tao. 2019. The phenylethanol JunMin and Lu HongFei. 2019. Parasitism glycoside liposome inhibits PDGF-induced by Cuscuta australis affects the HSC activation via regulation of the rhizhospheric soil bacterial communities of FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Trifolium repens L. Acta Agriculturæ Molecules 24(18): 3282. [Providing new Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant insights into the application of Science 69(8): 649-656. [Parasitism of T. phenylethanol glychosides from Cistanche repens by C. australis significantly tubulosa for treatment of liver fibrosis.] decreased the relative abundance of the Zhang XiangQian, Li YuXia, Zhu JianBo, bacterial phylum Nitrospirae, while it Xiao XingHui, Chen JianQuan, Guo significantly increased that of XinYong, Zhang Xu and Zhang Yao. 2019. Verrucomicrobia . It decreased the relative (Analysis of genetic diversity of Cistanche abundance of 10 bacterial genera, while it deserticola in Gurbantunggut Desert.) (in HAUSTORIUM 77 40

Chinese) Genomics and Applied Biology HAUSTORIUM 77 38(8): 3675-3680. [Studies have shown has been edited by Chris Parker, 5 Royal York that C. deserticola is high in polymorphic Crescent, Bristol BS8 4JZ, UK (Email loci, and there was more gene [email protected]), Lytton communication among different Musselman, Parasitic Plant Laboratory, populations. The genetic variation among Department of Biological Sciences, Old different populations was not obvious,] Dominion University, Norfolk Virginia 23529- Zhao Bin, Lian Jun, Wang DanYang, Li 0266, USA (fax 757 683 5283; Email QuanXiao, Feng ShuangShuang, Li JinYao [email protected]) and Luiza Teixeira-Costa, and Zhang AiLian. 2019. Evaluation of Department of Organismic & Evolutionary aqueous extracts of Cistanche deserticola Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, USA. as a polysaccharide adjuvant for seasonal ([email protected] ) with valued influenza vaccine in young adult mice. assistance from Dan Nickrent, Southern Immunology Letters 213: 1-8. [The Illinois University, Carbondale, USA. It has addition of an aqueous extract of C. been produced and distributed by Chris Parker deserticola enhanced immunogenicity to and published by Old Dominion University seasonal influenza vaccine by the induction (ISSN 1944-6969). of HI antibody generation, more rapid humoral immune responses, and a balanced Send material for publication to any of the Th1-/Th2-type response, effective T-cell editors. responses,] Zhao ShengYang, Ke Mang, Huang Ting, NB. Haustorium is no longer distributed in Hong Tao, Yu HongYuan and Zhang hard-copy form. It is available by email free of XianJun. 2019. Viscum album extract charge – contact Chris Parker - and may also suppresses cell proliferation and induces be down-loaded from the IPPS web-site (see apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. Tropical above). Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 18(8): 1711-1717. [Concluding that a V. album extract exerts anti-proliferation and pro- apoptosis effects on bladder cancer cells. These abilities suggest that it is a promising agent in bladder cancer treatment.] Zheng HongNan Su YuTing, Sun Yang, Tang TianLe, Zhang Di, He XueFeng and Wang JianBo. 2019. Echinacoside alleviates hypobaric hypoxia-induced memory impairment in C57 mice. Phytotherapy Research 33(4): 1150-1160. [Results indicate that echinacoside from Cistnache salsa could prevent hypobaric hypoxia- induced memory impairment, which is associated with the antioxidant effect of echinacoside in the hippocampus.] *Zhichao Xiong, Jiangyan Tian, Peng Xue, Xumu Zhang and Hui Lv. 2020. Enantioselective synthesis of chiral multicyclic γ-lactones via dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic γ-keto carboxylic acids. Organic Chemistry Frontiers (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 337489258_Enantioselective_synthesis_of _chiral_multicyclic_g- lactones_via_dynamic_kinetic_resolution_ of_racemic_g-keto_carboxylic_acids ) [New synthesis method that provides highly efficient apporach to obtaining multicyclic γ-lactones.]