DVD / Disco Bluray 1 Shoes (Lois Weber, 1916)

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DVD / Disco Bluray 1 Shoes (Lois Weber, 1916) SHOES (BY LOIS WEBER) la época actual, cuando se reivindica el papel de Distribuidora: Milestone Films las mujeres, es importante recordar y difundir la Zona: 1 obra de Weber, pionera no solo por ser la direc­ Contenido: tora mejor pagada de Hollywood en 1917 según la DVD / Disco BluRay 1 revista Photoplay (Karen Ward Mahar, Women Shoes (Lois Weber, 1916) Filmmakers in Early Hollywood, Johns Hopkins Shoes (Lois Weber, 1916) comentada por Shelley University Press, 2008: 140), sino también por Stamp su valentía al abordar en sus filmes asuntos como Unshod Maiden (Lois Weber, 1932) la pena de muerte, el aborto, la prostitución, el The Price (Lois Weber y Phillips Smalley, 1911) alcoholismo o la emancipación de la mujer, te­ (13’) mas tabú en su época y que al cabo de pocos años Publicidad de Unshod Maiden (1932, 10’) estuvieron totalmente vetados por la censura en Entrevista a Richard Koszarski Hollywood. Su carrera empezó hacia 1908 y hasta Entrevista a Mary MacLaren (1971) 1934 realizó más de sesenta largometrajes e innu­ Video que muestra el proceso de restauración, merables cortometrajes. Su producción cinema­ producido por el EYE Filmmuseum tográfica se centró en temas dramáticos y su fama Documento en el que vemos fotogramas de Shoes y la mayor influencia de su trabajo se debe a las antes y después de la restauración películas realizadas entre 1914 y 1921 para la Uni­ Introducción a Shoes en su estreno en Holanda versal, donde disfrutaba de un enorme respeto y un control creativo sustancial. Formato: Anamórfico, HiFi Sound, NTSC Nacida en el seno de una familia profundamente Audio: Inglés religiosa y veterana de los Trabajadores del Ejér­ Subtítulos: Inglés cito de la Iglesia, la idealista y apasionada Lois Fecha de edición: 2018 vio el cine como un medio para evangelizar sobre temas sociales importantes. Para la directora el cine era un «lenguaje sin voz» que le servía para «llevar a cabo la idea de las imágenes misione­ ras». Las películas de Weber están en la línea del trabajo de las reformistas feministas Margaret Sanger y Jane Addams. Sanger se convirtió en la líder del movimiento a favor del control de la natalidad hacia 1910 e influyó muchísimo a We­ ber en películas como Where are My Children? (Lois Weber Production, 1916), que trataba el aborto y el control de la natalidad y fue estrenada el mismo verano en que Sanger fue encarcelada por promover la planificación familiar. Un mes después se estrenó Shoes (Bluebird Photoplays, 1916), cuyo guion adapta una historia corta ho­ mónima de Stella Wynne Herron publicada el 1 Pionera, emprendedora, valiente, arriesgada… de enero de 1916 en la revista Collier’s. Weber Estos son solamente algunos de los adjetivos con utiliza en algunos momentos frases literales de la los que se califica a Lois Weber, una de las direc­ novela, adaptándolas a los intertítulos del filme. toras más importantes de la historia del cine. En La inspiración de Herron para su historia vino DVD Y PLATAFORMAS DE INTERNET 183 del libro sobre prostitución escrito por la refor­ que Shoes había sido concebida como una pe­ madora social Jane Addams, A New Conscience lícula de dos rollos que posteriormente amplió and An Ancient Evil (1912), en el que se habla y destaca a su protagonista Mary MacDonald — de una joven que había «cedido a la tentación» y que posteriormente cambió su nombre artístico «se había vendido por un nuevo par de zapatos» por Mary MacLaren, convirtiéndose en estrella (Shelley Stamp, Lois Weber in Early Hollywood, a partir de sus trabajos con Weber—, de la que University of California Press, 2015: 102). El film remarca su sensibilidad, inteligencia y su natu­ de Weber también empieza con una imagen del ralidad a la hora de interpretar, pues, según la libro de Adams, en el que se puede leer este frag­ directora, su cara era un verdadero espejo de mento. emociones. Shoes aborda la problemática contemporánea En Shoes nos identificamos con la protagonista, de la incorporación de mujeres jóvenes y solte­ Eva Meyer, que debe afrontar la carga de una ras al trabajo remunerado, que recibían míseros familia en la que el padre está en el paro y sin salarios a cambio de jornadas interminables en muchas ganas de encontrar trabajo, con tres her­ las que no se respetaban los descansos labora­ manas pequeñas a las que alimentar y una madre les. Weber conocía los estudios sociológicos de que intenta llevar cada día la comida a la mesa. la época que investigaban las difíciles condicio­ Su mísero salario semanal no alcanza para que nes de las mujeres jóvenes y planteaban las con­ pueda permitirse un par de zapatos nuevos. La secuencias de la naciente sociedad de consumo, situación de la protagonista, que ve que sus zapa­ particularmente en las ciudades, donde las chi­ tos se van desgastando y renueva las suelas con cas vivían y trabajaban fuera de la supervisión recortes de cajas de cartón, traspasa la pantalla de sus familias. En su informe de 1911 sobre hasta llegar al espectador, haciéndonos partícipes estas empleadas, Louise De Koven Bowen se la­ de su angustia cuando lucha entre no ceder a las mentaba de la situación en la que se encontra­ propuestas sexuales de un pretendiente y el deseo ban estas chicas y las tentaciones que las presio­ de unos zapatos nuevos. A la salida del trabajo, naban constantemente, sobre todo cuando estas Eva y su amiga Lil (Jessie Arnold) se paran ante trabajaban en los grandes almacenes, rodeadas un mostrador, símbolo de la naciente sociedad de de lujos que anhelaban, por una compensación consumo, cuando justo en ese momento sale de salarial inadecuada para una vida de decencia y la tienda el joven Charlie (William V. Mong) y, en respetabilidad. un primer plano, vemos su mirada de deseo hacia En una entrevista a Lois Weber en la revista la hermosa Eva, convertida en el objeto que Char­ Moving Picture World en el año de estreno de lie quiere consumir. Shoes, la directora destacó que su trabajo como Weber utiliza varios recursos cinematográficos misionera en zonas degradadas de Nueva York para incidir en los temores de la joven, el par y de la Isla de Blackwell la llevó a conocer de de botines nuevos que salen del mostrador o la primera mano la problemática de estas chicas expresiva imagen de la enorme mano con la pa­ pobres. «Los conozco a ellos y a sus problemas, labra «poverty/pobreza» escrita en el dorso que y no pocas de mis historias han sido basadas quiere atrapar a Eva en su cama, en una pesa­ en recuerdos de aquellos primeros años. Así dilla de la que parece no poder salir. El recurso sucedió con Shoes, una de mis películas más de la sobreimpresión había sido utilizado por recientes, una historia cuyo personaje central, Weber en anteriores ocasiones con la misma in­ una chica pobre, está sacado directamente de tención de enfatizar temores y angustias de uno una vida llena del más agudo tipo de drama y de los personajes femeninos. En Where are My patetismo». En la entrevista, Weber explica Children? la sobreimpresión de los niños no na­ 184 SECUENCIAS - 51 / Primer semestre de 2020 cidos convertidos en ángeles muestra los remor­ cindibles para los amantes del cine. Uno de los dimientos y miedos de la joven soltera después más interesantes es, sin duda, la restauración de haber abortado. de uno de los primeros trabajos de Weber, un La necesidad de Eva de obtener un par de zapa­ cortometraje realizado en 1911 con su marido tos nuevos se va acrecentando a lo largo de la Philllips Smalley, The Price. En esta historia trama. La lluvia destroza sus frágiles suelas y sus moral, escrita seguramente por Weber, aparece pies mojados la llevan a enfermar tras la larga el lado conservador de la directora, que castiga jornada de trabajo en la que debe permanecer a la débil mujer que se deja llevar por las pa­ de pie detrás de un mostrador atendiendo a los siones. También incluye una versión de Shoes deseos de las clientas de la tienda donde trabaja. comentada por Shelley Stamp, autora de nume­ En una secuencia reveladora, Eva, sentada en el rosos trabajos sobre Weber. Stamp destaca que banco de un parque en su hora de almuerzo, ve la crítica de la época elogió el éxito de un filme un grupo de chicas jóvenes con hermosos vesti­ en el que se trataban problemáticas sociales que dos y brillantes botines de colores claros. Los za­ otros directores ni siquiera se habían atrevi­ patos se convierten en el símbolo del bienestar y do a tocar. Como un explicador de cine mudo, de la felicidad. La paradoja es que Eva, que no Stamp va comentando y analizando las imáge­ puede permitirse un par de botines nuevos, ne­ nes y aportando información sobre el contexto cesita renovar sus zapatos para poder ejercer su del filme. Además, podemos escuchar el audio trabajo remunerado fuera del hogar. El espec­ de una entrevista a Mary MacLaren —la pro­ tador conecta con la tragedia de la protagonista tagonista de la película—, en 1971, comentan­ que, a pesar de trabajar duro, se ve abocada a do aspectos de su vida, sus inicios en el cine, unas circunstancias que la avergüenzan y sugie­ anécdotas del rodaje de Shoes y de su carrera, re una crítica hacia la indolencia de los padres, con el film de fondo.En otro documento, Ri­ que no protegen a la joven de la prostitución. chard Kozarski explica la sorprendente trans­ Hacia el final de la película, Weber ofrece un formación de Shoes en la época del cine sonoro.
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