Lois Weber, Una Maga!

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Lois Weber, Una Maga! Lois Weber sul set (per gentile concessione di Georgetown University – Quingley Collection) LOIS WEBER, UNA MAGA! Lois Weber, the Wizard! Programma.e.note.a.cura.di./.Programme and notes curatedby. Shelley Stamp 224 Lois Weber è stata la più importante donna cineasta del cine- Lois Weber was early Hollywood’s most renowned female film- ma muto americano, considerata all’epoca una delle ‘tre grandi maker, considered one of the industry’s ‘three great minds’ along- menti’ dell’industria insieme a Griffith e DeMille. Mentre i suoi side D.W. Griffith and Cecil B. DeMille. While her contemporaries contemporanei hanno goduto di una posizione privilegiata nella have long enjoyed a privileged position in American film history, storia del cinema statunitense, Weber è rimasta relegata a una Weber has remained something of a blind spot. Il Cinema Ritro- sorta di zona d’ombra. Il Cinema Ritrovato presenta la prima si- vato presents the first significant retrospective of Weber’s work, gnificativa rassegna delle sue opere proponendo molti film recen- featuring many recent restorations and discoveries that encom- temente riscoperti e restaurati che abbracciano tutte le fasi della pass all phases of her career. sua carriera. Of all the women active in early Hollywood, Weber produced the Tra tutte le donne attive nel primo cinema americano, Weber pro- most substantial body of work. She spent over 25 years in the dusse l’insieme di opere più consistente e omogeneo. Lavorò per industry, writing and directing more than 40 features and hun- oltre venticinque anni nel cinema, sceneggiando e dirigendo più dreds of shorts. After getting her start in New York, she arrived in di quaranta film e centinaia di cortometraggi. Dopo gli inizi a New Los Angeles in 1913, just as film production began to coalesce York, nel 1913 Weber approdò a Los Angeles e all’emergente there. She worked first within the emergent studio system, be- studio system, diventando la principale regista della Universal coming Universal’s top director and the first female member of e la prima donna a far parte della Motion Picture Directors’ As- the Motion Picture Directors’ Association. She left the studio to sociation. Nel 1917 fondò la Lois Weber Productions, si prodigò form Lois Weber Productions in 1917, dedicated herself to creat- per dare più spazio alle donne a Hollywood e assunse un ruo- ing a positive working environment for women in Hollywood, and lo rilevante nella neonata Academy of Motion Picture Arts and assumed a leading role in the newly-formed Academy of Motion Sciences. La sua carriera mette in luce due aspetti salienti della Picture Arts and Sciences. Weber’s career illuminates two notable Hollywood delle origini: l’importanza dell’attivismo nella nascen- facets of early Hollywood: the importance of activist filmmaking te industria cinematografica e il ruolo rilevante di tante donne at the industry’s outset; and the prominent role that so many nella creazione della cultura cinematografica americana. women played building America’s movie culture. In un’epoca ancora caratterizzata dalla diffidenza verso il pos- At a time when many remained wary of cinema’s cultural impact, sibile impatto culturale del cinema, Weber girò film di enorme Weber who often starred in her own films, made hugely success- successo e molto controversi su temi scottanti. Il suo impegno ful and wildly controversial films on key issues of her day. Weber’s politico progressista la distinse dai contemporanei come Griffith engagement with progressive politics set her apart from contempo- e DeMille che cercavano di legittimare la nuova arte allineandola raries like Griffith and clergy, and gossip mongering. Weber’s work alla cultura alta. Weber vedeva invece i film come ‘giornali vivi’ also consistently grappled with the profound changes in women’s capaci di coinvolgere l’opinione pubblica in dibattiti sulla pena di lives, and consequently in male-female relationships, that unsettled morte, la tossicodipendenza, la povertà e la contraccezione. Tras- Americans at the beginning of the 20th century. se spunto anche da tematiche di impatto meno sensazionalistico If Weber understood cinema’s social impact as a ‘voiceless lan- ma altrettanto scomode, come l’ipocrisia religiosa, la scarsa con- guage’, she also understood its visual impact as a storytelling siderazione per le figure educative e il pettegolezzo. I suoi film si medium. Collaborating with cinematographer Dal Clawson, Weber incentravano sui profondi cambiamenti nella vita delle donne, e experimented with dissolves and superimpositions, matte shots dunque nelle relazioni uomo-donna, che turbavano gli americani and choreographed camera movements, sophisticated lighting all’inizio del ventesimo secolo. techniques and location shooting, producing some of the more Lois Weber colse non solo l’impatto sociale del cinema in quanto subtle cinematic effects of the era. ‘linguaggio senza voce’ ma anche il suo impatto visivo in quanto Renowned for her films, Weber also became one of the first celebrity mezzo narrativo. Assieme al direttore della fotografia Dal Clawson filmmakers. Weber’s relationship with her husband and frequent col- si lanciò in sperimentazioni con dissolvenze e sovrimpressioni, laborator Phillips Smalley was a central facet of this publicity. The sofisticate tecniche di illuminazione e riprese in esterni, creando couple’s working partnership often featured as a model for the new effetti tra i più ingegnosi dell’epoca. companionate marriage emerging in American culture and became Weber non era semplicemente conosciuta per i suoi film, di cui a way of packaging the director’s image as a professional woman. sovente era anche interprete, ma fu tra i primi registi a divenire Despite her remarkable body of work and her singular reputation una vera e propria celebrità. La sua relazione con il marito e in early Hollywood, Weber has “lost her way in history”, as An- collaboratore Phillips Smalley era un aspetto centrale di questa thony Slide notes, and has been “forgotten with a vengeance”, as immagine pubblica. La loro unione coniugale e professionale era Richard Koszarski puts it – an injustice we hope this retrospective spesso presentata come un modello per la più moderna tipologia can begin to correct. matrimoniale che stava emergendo nella cultura americana. Malgrado la sua considerevole produzione e la singolare fama di Shelley Stamp cui godette a Hollywood, Lois Weber si è “perduta nella storia del cinema”, come osserva Anthony Slide, ed è stata “furiosamente dimenticata”, come scrive Richard Koszarski: ci auguriamo che la nostra retrospettiva inizi a porre riparo a una simile ingiustizia. Shelley Stamp 225 PROGRAMMA 1: APERTURA. BOBINE E CORTOMETRAGGI DI LOIS WEBER RECENTEMENTE RESTAURATI PROGRAMME 1: OPENING. RECENTLY PRESERVED WEBER REELS AND SHORTS IDLE WIVES USA, 1916 Regia: Lois Weber, Phillips Smalley █. Scen.:. Lois. Weber.. F.:. Allen. Siegler.. Int.:. Lois. Weber,.Phillips.Smalley,.Mary.MacLaren,.Edwin. Hearn,.Seymour.Hastings,.Countess.Du.Cello,. Pauline. Aster,. Cecilia. Matthews,. Ben. Wilson,. Maude. George,. Neva. Gerber.. Prod.:. Universal. █.35mm..L.:.501.m..D.:.24’.a.18.f/s..Bn..Didascalie. inglesi. /. English. intertitles.. █. Da:. Library. of. Congress Da poco restaurati, questi primi due rul- li di Idle Wives offrono una straordinaria riflessione sul cinema e la visione. I per- sonaggi del film vanno a vedere una pelli- cola intitolata Life’s Mirror (diretta proprio da una certa ‘Lois Weber’) e assistono a versioni parallele e ammonitrici delle loro stesse vite. Una commessa che ‘esce’ Idle Wives con il suo ragazzo vede il proprio surro- gato sullo schermo concepire un bambino gate conceive a child and retire to a home Ambientato nell’antica Grecia, From De- e ritirarsi in un istituto per ragazze ma- for unwed mothers. An estranged married ath to Life racconta il tentativo di Aratus dri. Una coppia sposata in crisi vede la couple watches as the wife’s onscreen di trasformare la carne in pietra. Il film controparte della moglie sullo schermo counterpart leaves an uncaring husband offre un monito sulla sperimentazione lasciare un marito indifferente per ripren- to return to her post as a settlement work- scientifica, soprattutto sulla tentazione di dere il lavoro di assistente sociale. Una er. A working family struggling to make controllare la vita e la morte, ma è an- famiglia operaia che fatica a sbarcare il ends meet learn the perils of living be- che una lezione su quanto sia pericoloso lunario impara quanto sia rischioso vivere yond their means. In each case the recog- ignorare il punto di vista femminile, qui al di sopra dei propri mezzi. In ciascun nition of oneself onscreen proves revela- associato alla compassione, all’umanità e caso il riconoscimento di se stessi sullo tory – film viewing provides opportunities al rispetto per la forza creatrice. Gli espe- schermo è rivelatore: la visione cinema- for identification and affect unavailable rimenti di Aratus sono ripresi con la tecni- tografica offre occasioni uniche di iden- anywhere else. Idle Wives shows Weber, at ca del passo uno. tificazione e di coinvolgimento. All’apice the height of her career, considering cin- della sua carriera, in Idle Wives Weber si ema’s extraordinary impact on American Set in Ancient Greece, From Death to Life mostra attenta allo straordinario impatto culture as it became the nation’s leading tells the story of Aratus’s attempt to turn sulla cultura americana del cinema in mass entertainment in the 1910s. flesh into stone. If the film offers a cau- quanto principale forma di intrattenimen- tionary tale about scientific experimenta- to di massa degli anni Dieci. tion, especially the temptation to control life and death, it also furnishes a lesson Newly restored, these first two reels of FROM DEATH TO LIFE about the dangers of ignoring a feminine Idle Wives offer an astonishingly reflex- USA, 1911 Regia: Lois Weber, point of view, here associated with com- ive consideration of filmmaking and film Phillips Smalley passion, humanity, and respect for the viewing.
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