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Features of Value Orientations of Lemkos Deported from the Territory of Lemkivshchyna During the 1944–1946 Years

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Features of Value Orientations of Lemkos Deported from the Territory of Lemkivshchyna During the 1944–1946 Years hhttp://problemps.kpnu.edu.ua/en/ttp://problemps.kpnu.edu.ua/en/ ППроблемироблеми ссучасноїучасної ппсихології.сихології. 22016.016. ВВипускипуск 3344 UDC 159.922.4 Y.V. Shaparenko [email protected] Features of value orientations of lemkos deported from the territory of Lemkivshchyna during the 1944–1946 years Shaparenko Y.V. Features of value orientations of lemkos deported from the territory of Lemkivshchyna during the 1944-1946 years / Y.V. Shaparenko // Problems of Modern Psychology : Collection of research papers of Kamianets-Podilskyi Ivan Ohienko National University, G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology at the National Academy of Pedagogical Science of Ukraine / scientific editing by S.D. Maksymenko, L.A. Onufriieva. – Issue 34. – Kamianets-Podilskyi : Aksioma, 2016. – Р. 593–604. Ю. В. Шапаренко. Особливості ціннісних орієнтацій лемків, де- портованих з території Лемківщини впродовж 1944–1946 років. Стаття присвячена аналізу спрямованості ціннісних орієнтацій депортованих лемків, у контексті їх впливу на етнічну самосвідомість. За результа- тами емпіричного дослідження встановлено, що в групі депортованих лемків ієрархія цінностей представлена рівною кількістю позитивно та негативно значимих цінностей. П’ятірку позитивно значимих цін- ностей склали: Універсалізм, Доброта, Безпека, Конформність та Тра- диція. П’ятірку цінностей із негативною значимістю для лемків, що були депортовані з території Лемківщини у 1945-1946 роках та зараз проживають на території України, склали: Самостійність, Досягнення, Гедонізм, Влада та Стимуляція. Визначено, що негативне значення цін- ностей Стимуляція та Влада значно переважає показник направленості позитивно значимих цінностей, що може свідчити про витіснення да- них цінностей і конфліктний зміст ціннісних орієнтацій в групі депор- тортованих лемків. Виявлено психологічний механізм функціонування цінностей, який забезпечує перетворення етнічних норм, зразків і мо- делей поведінки в індивідуалізований досвід етнічної групи та формує особливості етнічної самосвідомості лемків. Зокрема було визначено, що цінності Універсалізм, Доброта та Традиції включені до найбіль- шої кількості кореляційних зв’язків, що дає підстави розглядати їх як інструментальні цінності в групі депортованих лемків. Було виявлено багаторівневий конфлікт між мотиваційною спрямованістю цінності із відсутньою тривогою та цінностями на основі тривоги, а також між цінностями, що належать до Особистого фокусу та Соціального фокусу. Визначено, що цінності Соціального фокусу виявилися адаптивними до нових соціально-політичних умов, та отримали подальше закріплення © Y.V. Shaparenko 593 ЗЗбірникбірник ннауковихаукових ппрацьраць КК-ПНУ-ПНУ ііменімені ІІванавана ООгієнка,гієнка, ІІнститутунституту ппсихологіїсихології ііменімені ГГ.С.Костюка.С.Костюка ННАПНАПН УУкраїникраїни у структурі самосвідомості депортованих лемків. Проведене досліджен- ня розкриває вплив депортації на систему ціннісних орієнтацій лемків- ської етнічної групи. Ключові слова: етнічна група, етнічна самосвідомість, етнос, лем- ки, традиції, установки, ціннісні орієнтації, цінності. Ю. В. Шапаренко. Особенности ценностных ориентаций лемков депортированных с территории Лемковщины на протяжении 1944– 1946 годов. Статья посвящена анализу направленности ценностных ориентаций депортированных лемков, в контексте их влияния на этническое самосознание. По результатам эмпирического исследо- вания установлено, что в группе депортированных лемков иерархия ценностей представлена равным количеством позитивно и негативно значимых ценностей. Пятёрку значимых ценностей составили: Уни- версализм, Доброта, Безопасность, Конформность и Традиция. Пятёрку ценностей с отрицательной значимостью для лемков, которые были депортированы с территории Лемковщины в 1945-1946 годах и сейчас проживают на территории Украины, составили: Самостоятельность, Достижения, Гедонизм, Власть и Стимуляция. Определено, что отри- цательное значение ценностей Стимуляция и Власть значительно пре- восходит показатель направленности положительно значимых цен- ностей, что может свидетельствовать о вытеснении данных ценностей и конфликт ценностей в группе депортированных лемков. Выявлен психологический механизм функционирования ценностей, обеспечи- вающий преобразование этнических норм, образцов и моделей пове- дения в индивидуализированный опыт этнической группы, и форми- рующий особенности этнического самосознания лемков. В частности было установлено, что ценности Универсализм, Доброта и Традиции включены в наибольшее количество корреляционных связей, что даёт основания рассматривать их как инструментальные ценности в группе депортированных лемков. Было обнаружено многоуровневый конфликт между мотивационной направленностью ценности с отсутствующей тревогой и ценностями на основе тревоги, а также между ценностями, принадлежащими к Личному фокусу и Социальному фокусу. Определе- но, что ценности Социального фокуса оказались адаптивными к новым социально-политическим условиям, и получили дальнейшее закрепле- ние в структуре самосознания депортированных лемков. Проведенное исследование раскрывает влияние депортации на систему ценностных ориентаций лемковской этнической группы. Ключевые слова: лемки, традиции, установки, ценности, ценностные ориентации, этническая группа, этническое самосознание, этнос. Introduction. Direction of value orientations is an integral dimension of psychological analysis of groups in social psychology. Such an analysis is necessarily based on the definition of cultural and historical factors that caused the development of certain ethnic 594 hhttp://problemps.kpnu.edu.ua/en/ttp://problemps.kpnu.edu.ua/en/ ППроблемироблеми ссучасноїучасної ппсихології.сихології. 22016.016. ВВипускипуск 3344 community values. In this regard, the scientific interest represents the study of ethnic groups that suffered from deportation, which had a negative impact on their ethnic self-awareness. One of these peoples is Lemkos, who lived on territory of Lemkivshchyna and had been deported during the 1944-1946 years. Meanwhile there is a lack amount of ethnopsychological research of the Lemko ethnic group in the Ukrainian scientific space. Considering the humanis- tic tendencies and focus on the European model of development of democratic society in Ukraine, conducting comparative and cross- cultural researches is important in psychological, social, and politi- cal aspects. The specificity of this research requires coverage of historical events that were crucial for Lemkos ethnic group. According to the agreements [12] on population exchange between Polish Committee of National Liberation (Polski Komitet Wyzwolenia Narodowego, PKWN) and Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Українською Радянською Соціалістичною Республікою, УРСР), during 1944- 1946 years, from Poland were deported about 95 thousands of Lemkos [1, p. 245], and during «Operation Vistula» in 1947 to the north of Poland — were deported more than 30-35 thousands of Lemkos [5]. According to the latest Ukrainian Census (2001) in Ukraine 672 representatives of the Lemko ethnic group officially live [3, p. 101], meanwhile in Poland during Polish census of 2002 exclusively Lemko identity has declared by 5863 people [11, p. 137], in 2011 – 5612 people [11, p. 123]. Comparison of amount of deported Lemkos to the latest census, evidently reveals the difference between the number of representatives of the Lemko ethnic group, which were resettled on the territory of Ukraine, and declared Lemko ethnicity: for 55 years from 95 thousand people [1, p. 245] of Lemko ethnic group remained only 0.7% representatives, which gives reasons to speak of it as an ethnic group that disappears. Lack amount of ethnopsychological research of the Lemko ethnic group in the Ukrainian scientific space forms a request to research social psychological peculiarities of Lemkos ethnic self-awareness, primarily in Ukraine. It is important search and analysis of internal and external social psychological fac- tors of ethnic self-awareness of Lemkos that currently living in Ukraine. Methodological foundation of research has made «emic» approach, which aims to profound study of features of one ethnic group [10]. Based on this a sampling from three generations of 595 ЗЗбірникбірник ннауковихаукових ппрацьраць КК-ПНУ-ПНУ ііменімені ІІванавана ООгієнка,гієнка, ІІнститутунституту ппсихологіїсихології ііменімені ГГ.С.Костюка.С.Костюка ННАПНАПН УУкраїникраїни Lemkos, currently living in Ukraine was formed. Having previ- ously defined, that the Lemkos of Ukraine include those who were deported, and those who were born in Ukraine. In total on the territory of Ukraine there were deported: • the first generation of ancestors (~1835-1885 years of births) – senile people who all of their conscious life lived in Lemkivshchyna; • the second generation of ancestors (~1860-1910 years of births) – adults who were born and raised on the territory of Lemkivshchyna; I generation of now living people, (1923-1942 years of births) – children who were born on the territory of Lemkivshchyna during the Second Polish Republic (II Rzeczpospolita) in villages: Zlockie (Злоцьке) and Szczawnik (Щавник) in Nowy Sącz County (Powiat nowosądecki) – Kraków Voivodeship (Województwo krakowskie); in villages: Besko (Босько), Daliowa (Далева), in Sanok County (Powiat sanocki), Myscowa (Мисцева), in Krosno County (Powiat krośnieński), Rudawka (Рудавка), in Przemyśl County (Powiat przemyski) – Lwow Voivodeship (Województwo lwowskie). And they were later resettled by the first wave of deportation from the Lemkivshchyna
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