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The Elizabethan Diplomatic Service
Quidditas Volume 9 Article 9 1988 The Elizabethan Diplomatic Service F. Jeffrey Platt Northern Arizona University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, History Commons, Philosophy Commons, and the Renaissance Studies Commons Recommended Citation Platt, F. Jeffrey (1988) "The Elizabethan Diplomatic Service," Quidditas: Vol. 9 , Article 9. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/rmmra/vol9/iss1/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Quidditas by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. JRMMRA 9 (1988) The Elizabethan Diplomatic Service by F. Jeffrey Platt Northern Arizona University The critical early years of Elizabeth's reign witnessed a watershed in European history. The 1559 Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis, which ended the long Hapsburg-Valois conflict, resulted in a sudden shift in the focus of international politics from Italy to the uncomfortable proximity of the Low Countries. The arrival there, 30 miles from England's coast, in 1567, of thousands of seasoned Spanish troops presented a military and commer cial threat the English queen could not ignore. Moreover, French control of Calais and their growing interest in supplanting the Spanish presence in the Netherlands represented an even greater menace to England's security. Combined with these ominous developments, the Queen's excommunica tion in May 1570 further strengthened the growing anti-English and anti Protestant sentiment of Counter-Reformation Europe. These circumstances, plus the significantly greater resources of France and Spain, defined England, at best, as a middleweight in a world dominated by two heavyweights. -
The Influence of the Introduction of Heavy Ordnance on the Development of the English Navy in the Early Tudor Period
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-1980 The Influence of the Introduction of Heavy Ordnance on the Development of the English Navy in the Early Tudor Period Kristin MacLeod Tomlin Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Tomlin, Kristin MacLeod, "The Influence of the Introduction of Heavy Ordnance on the Development of the English Navy in the Early Tudor Period" (1980). Master's Theses. 1921. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/1921 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTRODUCTION OF HEAVY ORDNANCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH NAVY IN THE EARLY TUDOR PERIOD by K ristin MacLeod Tomlin A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of History Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan August 1980 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis grew out of a paper prepared for a seminar at the University of Warwick in 1976-77. Since then, many persons have been invaluable in helping me to complete the work. I would like to express my thanks specifically to the personnel of the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, England, and of the Public Records Office, London, for their help in locating sources. -
0 Medieval Flokestone Robertson
http://kentarchaeology.org.uk/research/archaeologia-cantiana/ Kent Archaeological Society is a registered charity number 223382 © 2017 Kent Archaeological Society ( civ ) MEDIAEVAL FOLKESTONE. FOLKESTONE gives its name to one of the Hundreds of Kent, and was the site of a nunnery (said to have been the first in England), founded in the seventh century by Eadbald, King of Kent, the father of St. Eanswith, its first Abbess. These facts prove that the town was in earlier times a place of some importance, but very little is known respecting its history, prior to the Middle Ages. It is evident that the name, spelt Polcstane in the earlier records, was given by the Saxons,* and that it was derived from the natural peculiarities of the place, its stone quarries having always played a conspicuous part in its history. They are mentioned in two extents (or valuations) of the manor of " Folcstane" which were made in the reign, of Henry III. In the first of these, dated 1263, we read that "there are there certain quarries worth per annum-)- 20s." The second gives us further information; it is dated 1271, and says "the quarry J in which mill-stones and handmill- stones are dug " is worth 20s. per annum. Such peaceful and useful implements as mill-stones were, however, by no means the only produce of these quarries. When Edward III., and his son the Black Prince, were prosecuting their conquests in France, some of the implements of war were obtained from Folkestone. On Jan. the 9th, 1356,§ the King ordered the Warden of the Cinque Ports to send over to Calais|| those stones for warlike engines which had been prepared at Folkestone. -
A Free Guidebook by the Leith Local History Society
Explore Historic Leith A FREE GUIDEBOOK BY THE LEITH LOCAL HISTORY SOCIETY The Leith Guidebook Explore Historic Leith The Leith Trust seeks to promote a As the Chair of the Leith Trust, it gives current engagement between “Leithers” Leith is an area with a long and I hope you enjoy using this book as a me considerable pleasure to offer an and visitors to our community, in a fascinating history. This guidebook has means to find out more about Leith, its endorsement to this fine and valuable real sense of enhanced community been produced to invite you to explore people and its history. guidebook to Leith. engagement with shared interests the area for yourself, as a local resident in the protection of our environment, or a visitor, and find out more about Cllr Gordon Munro Leith has for centuries been both the the celebration of our heritage and Leith’s hidden gems. Leith Ward marine gateway to Edinburgh and its the development of educational economic powerhouse. So many of the opportunities for all. We can be bound The book has been developed grand entries to our capital city have together in demolishing the artificial in partnership between the Leith come through Leith, most significant of boundaries that any community, Local History Society and the City which was the arrival of King George IV anywhere in the world can thoughtlessly of Edinburgh Council. Thanks and in 1822, at the behest of Sir Walter create, and instead create a real sense acknowledgement must go to the Scott. As to economic impact simply of trust and pride in each other and the History Society and in particular their look up at the friezes and decoration settings in which we live and work. -
Scotland ; Picturesque, Historical, Descriptive
ITritjr mttr its Rrimtjr. HE sea-port and town of Leith, anciently Inverleith, 1 at the debouch of the Water of Leith stream, which flows through the harbour into the Frith of Forth, is nearly a mile and a half from Edinburgh. The town is a curious motley group of narrow streets, in which are numbers of old tenements, the architecture and interiors of which indicate the affluence of the former possessors. Although a place of considerable antiquity, and mentioned as Inverleith in David I.'s charter of Holyrood, the commercial importance of Leith dates only from the fourteenth century, when the magistrates of Edinburgh obtained a grant of the harbour and mills from King Robert Bruce for the annual payment of fifty-two merks. This appears to have been one of the first of those transactions by which the citizens of Edinburgh acquired the complete mastery over Leith, and they are accused of exercising their power in a most tyrannical manner. So completely, indeed, were the Town-Council of Edinburgh resolved to enslave Leith, that the inhabitants were not allowed to have shops or warehouses, and even inns or hostelries could be arbitrarily prohibited. This power was obtained in a very peculiar maimer. In 1398 and 1413, Sir Robert Logan of Restalrig, then superior of the town, disputed the right of the Edinburgh corporation to the use of the banks of the Water of Leith, and the property was purchased from him at a considerable sum. This avaricious baron afterwards caused an infinitude of trouble to the Town-Council on legal points, but they were resolved to be the absolute rulers of Leith at any cost; and they advanced from their treasury a large sum, for which Logan granted a bond, placing Leith completely at the disposal of the Edinburgh Corporation, and retaining all the before-mentioned restrictions. -
Drake and the Tudor Navy
r.l UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 189I BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE r DATE DUE ;lMWrt^ ^ff— liyWllTO JiT a ffgi^ 3^^«F=« uss^ t^til .^ PRINTED INU.S.A. Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924087991646 ^3////fr DEAKE AND THE TUDOE NAVY VOL. I. — ' Whosoever commands the sea commands the trade ; whosoever commands the trade of the world commands the riches of the world, and consequently the world itself.' Sib Walter Baieiqh. /unf-L /T^i^' f'1u/-f//?ff/ <•// //.-ff/u/7//^/ fJi'd i'^iur/Va^y/a'- ''f/-/-Ti/ . DEAKE AND THE TUDOR NAYY WITH A HISTOEY OF THE RISE OF ENGLAND • AS A MAEITIME POWER BY JULIAN S. COEBETT IN TWO VOLUMES YOL I. LONGMANS, GEEEN, AND CO. 89 PATEENOSTEE EOW, LONDON NEW YOEK AND BOMBAY 1898 All rights reserved A.ii^is 1 ' PEEFACE In the present work an attempt is made to give a general view of the circumstances under which England first be- came a controlling force in the European system by virtue of her power upon the sea. In centering the history of such a movement upon the life of one of its leaders, there must be almost inevitably a tendency to present him too much as its author, where he was in reality only the foremost of men similarly inspired who determined its direction and extent. -
Archaeological Investigation and Building Recording of the Flodden Wall, Grassmarket 1998–2001
Conservation and Change on Edinburgh’s Defences: Archaeological Investigation and Building Recording of the Flodden Wall, Grassmarket 1998–2001 by John A Lawson City of Edinburgh Council Archaeology Service, 10 Broughton Market, Edinburgh EH3 6NU David Reed Bernicia Archaeology, The Old School, 10 North End, Longhoughton, Alnwick NE66 3AG with a contribution by Colin Wallace illustrations by Jonathan Millar and Mike Middleton Headland Archaeology, 13 Jane Street, Edinburgh EH6 5HE Scottish Archaeological Internet Report 10, 2003 www.sair.org.uk Published by the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, www.socantscot.org with Historic Scotland, www.historic-scotland.gov.uk and the Council for British Archaeology, www.britarch.ac.uk Editor Colin Wallace Produced by Archetype Information Technology Ltd, www.archetype-it.com ISBN: 0 903903 79 2 ISSN: 1473-3803 ii Contents List of illustrations . iv 1 Summary . 1 2 Introduction by John A Lawson and David Reed . 3 2.1 Methodology . 4 2.1.1 Building Survey. 4 2.1.2 Excavation . 4 2.2 Previous Work on the Flodden Wall . 6 3 Results by John A Lawson and David Reed . 7 3.1 Phase 1: Construction of the Flodden Wall (early 16th century) . 7 3.2 Phase 2: Reconstruction and development (16th century– c1850) . 7 3.3 Phase 3: Granny’s Green (post 1850) . 10 4 Discussion and Conclusions by John A Lawson and David Reed. 11 4.1 The Grassmarket area before the Flodden Wall . 11 4.2 The site and its setting through time . 11 4.3 Late medieval/early post-medieval urban walls in southern Scotland by Colin Wallace . -
The Elizabethan Court Day by Day--1573
1573 1573 At HAMPTON COURT, Middlesex. Jan 1,Thur New Year gifts. New Year Gift roll is not extant, but Sir Gilbert Dethick, Garter King of Arms, gave the Queen: ‘A Book of all the Knights of the Garter made in the short reign of Richard III’. Also Jan 1: play, by the Children of Windsor Chapel.T also masque: Janus. Eight Januses; eight who present fruit. Revels: ‘going to Windsor about Mr Farrant’s play; gloves for the Children of Windsor two dozen and for masquers 16 pair; a desk for Farrant’s play’; ‘a key for Janus’; ‘fine white lamb to make snowballs eight skins’. Robert Moorer, apothecary, for sugar, musk comfits, corianders, clove comfits, cinnamon comfits, rose water, spice water, ginger comfits. ‘All which served for flakes of ice and hail-stones in the masque of Janus, the rose water sweetened the balls made for snowballs presented to her Majesty by Janus’. Janus: Roman god, facing two ways; Richard Farrant: Master of the Children. Jan 2,Fri new appointment: George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury: Earl Marshal. In overall charge of the College of Arms, succeeding the Duke of Norfolk. Jan 4,Sun play, by the Children of Paul’s.T Revels paid for: ‘two squirts for the play of the Children of Paul’s; the waggoner for carriage of the stuff to Hampton Court’, Jan 4. Jan 6,Tues Earl of Desmond and his brother at Hampton Court. Gerald Fitzgerald, 14th Earl of Desmond (c.1533-1583), known as the Rebel Earl, and his brother Sir John Desmond led a rebellion in Ireland and were in the Tower December 1567-Sept 1570, then in the custody of Warham St Leger, in Kent and Southwark. -
Alisona De Saluzzo
Alisona de Saluzzo 1-Alisona de Saluzzo b. Abt 1267, Arundel,Essex,England, d. 25 Sep 1292 +Richard FitzAlan, 7th Earl b. 3 Feb 1267, of Arundel,Essex,England, d. 9 Mar 1302 2-Eleanor FitzAlan, [Baroness Percy] b. Abt 1283, of,Arundel,Sussex,England, d. Jul 1328 +Henry de Percy, [Baron Percy] b. 25 Mar 1272, ,Alnwick,Northumberland,England, d. Oct 1314, ,Fountains Abbey,Yorkshire,England 3-Henry de Percy, 11th Baron Percy b. 6 Feb 1301, ,Leconfield,Yorkshire,England, d. 25 Feb 1352, ,Warkworth,Northumberland,England +Idonea de Clifford b. 1300, of Appleby Castle,Westmorland,England, d. 24 Aug 1365 4-Henry de Percy, Baron Percy b. 1320, of Castle,Alnwick,Northumberland,England, d. 18 May 1368 +Mary Plantagenet b. 1320, d. 1362 5-Sir Henry de Percy, 4th Lord b. 10 Nov 1341, of,Alnwick,Northumberland,England, d. Abt 19 Feb 1407 +Margaret Neville, Baroness Ros b. Abt 1329, of,Raby,Durham,England, d. 12 May 1372 6-Isolda Percy b. Abt 1362, of Warkworth Castle. Northumberland,England, d. 1403, Battle of Shrewsbury +Madog Kynaston b. Abt 1350, of Stocks,Shropshire,England, d. 1403, Battle of Shrewsbury 7-John Kynaston b. Abt 1375, of Stocks,Shropshire,England +Unknown 8-Griffith Kynaston b. Abt 1396, of Stocks,Shropshire,England +Margaret (Jane) Hoorde 9-John or Jenkyn Kynaston, Esq. +Jane Manwaring 10-Pierce Kynaston +Margaret vz Edward 11-Humfry Kynaston +Elizabeth Oatley 12-George Kynaston d. 8 Dec 1543 9-Philip Kynaston b. Abt 1417, Of Walford +Alice Dorothy Corbet b. Abt 1411, ,Moreton Corbet,Shropshire,England, d. Abt 1443 9-William Kynaston 9-Sir Roger Kynaston b. -
Excavations on the Site of Balmerino House, Constitution Street, Leith
Excavations on the Site of Balmerino House, Constitution Street, Leith Ross H M White & Chris O’Connell With contributions by Sue Anderson, Dennis Gallagher, George Haggarty, Derek Hall, Andrew Heald, Adam Jackson, Dawn McLaren & Catherine Smith Scottish Archaeological Internet Report 41, 2009 www.sair.org.uk Published by the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, www.socantscot.org.uk with Hi storic Scotland, www.historic-scotland.gov.uk and the Council for British Archaeology, www.britarch.ac.uk Editor Helen Bleck Produced by Archétype Informatique SARL, www.archetype-it.com ISBN: 9780903903585 ISSN: 1773-3803 Requests for permission to reproduce material from a SAIR report should be sent to the Director of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, as well as to the author, illustrator, photographer or other copyright holder. Copyright in any of the Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports series rests with the SAIR Consortium and the individual authors. The maps are reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. © Crown copyright 2001. Any unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Historic Scotland Licence No. GD 03032G, 2002. The consent does not extend to copying for general distribution, advertising or promotional purposes, the creation of new collective works or resale. CONTENTS List of Illustrations. v List of Tables . vi 1 Abstract . 1 2 Introduction. 2 3 Historical Context . 4 4 Excavation Results . 5 4.1 Phase 1: medieval pits and a well . .5 4.2 Phase 2: late medieval or early post-medieval midden deposit . -
Court: Women at Court, and the Royal Household (100
Court: Women at Court; Royal Household. p.1: Women at Court. Royal Household: p.56: Gentlemen and Grooms of the Privy Chamber; p.59: Gentlemen Ushers. p.60: Cofferer and Controller of the Household. p.61: Privy Purse and Privy Seal: selected payments. p.62: Treasurer of the Chamber: selected payments; p.63: payments, 1582. p.64: Allusions to the Queen’s family: King Henry VIII; Queen Anne Boleyn; King Edward VI; Queen Mary Tudor; Elizabeth prior to her Accession. Royal Household Orders. p.66: 1576 July (I): Remembrance of charges. p.67: 1576 July (II): Reformations to be had for diminishing expenses. p.68: 1577 April: Articles for diminishing expenses. p.69: 1583 Dec 7: Remembrances concerning household causes. p.70: 1598: Orders for the Queen’s Almoners. 1598: Orders for the Queen’s Porters. p.71: 1599: Orders for supplying French wines to the Royal Household. p.72: 1600: Thomas Wilson: ‘The Queen’s Expenses’. p.74: Marriages: indexes; miscellaneous references. p.81: Godchildren: indexes; miscellaneous references. p.92: Deaths: chronological list. p.100: Funerals. Women at Court. Ladies and Gentlewomen of the Bedchamber and the Privy Chamber. Maids of Honour, Mothers of the Maids; also relatives and friends of the Queen not otherwise included, and other women prominent in the reign. Close friends of the Queen: Katherine Astley; Dorothy Broadbelt; Lady Cobham; Anne, Lady Hunsdon; Countess of Huntingdon; Countess of Kildare; Lady Knollys; Lady Leighton; Countess of Lincoln; Lady Norris; Elizabeth and Helena, Marchionesses of Northampton; Countess of Nottingham; Blanche Parry; Katherine, Countess of Pembroke; Mary Radcliffe; Lady Scudamore; Lady Mary Sidney; Lady Stafford; Countess of Sussex; Countess of Warwick. -
The Elizabethan Court Day by Day--1593
1593 1593 At HAMPTON COURT, Middlesex. Jan 1,Mon New Year gifts. New Year Gift roll is not extant, but William Dethick, Garter King of Arms, gave the Queen a book of: ‘Arms of the Knights of the Garter in the time of Henry VII’. T Also Jan 1: play, by Lord Strange’s Men. Jan 1: ‘A Pleasant Conceit plainly set out, and plainly presented as a New Year’s Gift to the Queen’s Majesty at Hampton Court Anno Domini 1592’. Entered by the Stationers, 17 Jan [1593]. Not extant, but Thomas Churchyard lists this in Churchyard’s Challenge as among his works. (See end 1593). Jan 1: Sir Francis Drake (1540-1596) wrote a Dedicatory Epistle to the Queen, intended to preface an account of his services against Spain: ‘To the Queen’s most excellent Majesty, my most dread Sovereign’: ‘Madam, seeing divers hath diversely reported, and written, of these voyages and actions which I have attempted and made...whereby many untruths have been published...I have accounted it my duty to present this Discourse to your Majesty...either for itself, being the first fruits of your servant’s pen, or for the matter, being service done to your Majesty by your poor vassal against your great enemy...that...our present age...may be satisfied in the rightful- ness of these actions...and your servant’s labour not seem altogether lost, not only in travail by Sea and Land, but also in writing the Report thereof, a work to him no less troublesome, yet made pleasant and sweet, in that it hath been, is, and shall be, for your Majesty’s content; to whom I have devoted myself, live or die’.