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Feminism Portrayed in Greta Gerwig's Movie Little Women

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Feminism Portrayed in Greta Gerwig's Movie Little Women FEMINISM PORTRAYED IN GRETA GERWIG’S MOVIE LITTLE WOMEN; ANALYSIS IN MODERN ERA Nurmala Dewi, [email protected] Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika Tatia Ishlah Medina [email protected] Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika ABSTRACT This paper discussed feminism in the Little Women movie directed by Greta Gerwig in 2019. This movie is adapted from Louisa May Alcott’s novel which was written initially in 1868. This study aimed to find out how feminism is described through the leading character. The other objective is to search the types of feminism on the main character refers to Tong and Botts’s theory. The writer used descriptive qualitative methods which content analysis of the movie. All data is presented in the form of words and sentences and used library research as a way to collect data by reading and selecting quotations from the Little Women movie. As the result, it is found that there are five types of feminism: Liberal Feminism type, Marxist Feminism and Socialist type, Radical libertarian Feminism type, Psychoanalytic Feminism type, and Postmodern Feminism type. Besides the types of feminism, the discussions depicted feminism impact to the characters among women and send the views and values in women personal life with connected to the relationship of family matters as well. Keywords: Feminism, Little Women, Types of Feminism INTRODUCTION Literature is the work of verbal and subjects; drama, poetry, and prose. The written creation that concern to the author's Prose is divided into two things; they are intentions which is referred to be an art fiction prose and nonfiction prose. Fiction form. Basically, literature has three itself refers to literature created from the JEE (Journal of English Education) Vol. 6 No. 2, December 2020 http://journal.upp.ac.id/index.php/JEE P-ISSN:2459-9719, E-ISSN 2597-7091 DOL: https://doi.org/10.30606/jee | 108 104 imagination. Mysteries, science fiction, written initially in 1868, but Greta romance, crime thrillers are all fiction Gerwig’s 2019 film is easily impactful for genres. While, nonfiction refers to modern audiences. How Greta Gerwig literature based on fact, including adapted a-150-year-old-text into the biography, business, cooking, health, situation now, is quite challenging. Little languages, religion, art, and music, history, Women has always been a relatable story etc. about female experiences, but its relevance A literary work can be analyzed in has never been more apparent than it is in several aspects; one of them connected to Gerwig’s retelling. The film maintains the human life is through the approach of historical charm of the novel but brings literary psychology. Psychology Literature contemporary values to the narrative. It is an approach that considers the brings the feminist undertones of the psychological aspects and concerns the original story to the forefront, balancing its inner human. Wellek and Warren (1949: setting with commentary about gender that 81) said in their book Theory of Literature is still relevant. "Psychology can enter to literature by In the past, women were always studying the psychology of the writer, under pressure and excessive social psychology of the character, and also the expectations. The gender between men's psychology of the reader." So, it can be and women's’ roles in society is different. correlated with each other and be a baseline The specific characters embed in their of the writer in creating their works. personality are contrast as well. Men are The movie is one of the masculine, assertive, strong, logical while categorizations in literature alongside women are feminine, gentle, obedient, and novels, poems and plays. Various themes sensitive. Old tradition always believes that can be raised for a movie. One theme in women can only be a housewife who women's life is feminism, the topic that is always handles the household such as analyzed in this paper. The source of cooking, sweeping, washing, taking care of analysis in this study is The Little Women her husband and children. This is the kind movie directed by Greta Gerwig. There is of perception that exists in our society. no shortage of adaptations of Louisa May Even today in the modern era, there are still Alcott’s novel Little Women which was JEE (Journal of English Education) Vol. 6 No. 2, December 2020 http://journal.upp.ac.id/index.php/JEE P-ISSN:2459-9719, E-ISSN 2597-7091 DOL: https://doi.org/10.30606/jee | 105 kinds of those beliefs in some parts of the should be struggling to show their earth. existence in the eyes of the world. Feminism firstly arouses as a Nowadays, the conditions have women's movement in demanding equal been changing. The women have the same rights in the late 19th and early 20th authority to do something like men doing centuries that pushed for political equality. in economic, social, and political. The second wave, in the 1960s and 70s, Feminism urges for the full integration of demanded legal and professional equality women into society, demanding women’s and the third wave, in the past couple of equal rights, equal work, equal pay, equal decades, has concerned for social equality. status and treatments in public and private The feminism movement is committed by relations. This movement has been grown women to reject everything marginalized, and continued to improve women through subordinated, and demeaned by dominant the activities campaigned their views to the cultures, both in political, economic, and world. For example, a campaign through other social life. Since most societies give social media namely Twitter, using the privilege to men as a group of powerful hashtag #YesAllWomen which voiced the people with the assumption that men are seriousness of the issue of violence against more competent, good orientation, strong, women. Various tweets told the personal active, competitive, and confident than stories of Twitter users who have women. This condition is unfair for women experienced or witnessed the women and portrayed gender discrimination. It issues. Through this media, it also provides happens from one generation to the next a variety of articles and professional time until they realized their injustice. So discussions concern with women's life. that, it encouraged the emergence of a Definition of feminism itself as belief called feminism. This feminism described by Hannam (2007) is “Feminism movement arises because of a wanting is a cultural as well as a political impulse to equalize the rights between men movement. It changes the way women and women who had been as if women are think and feel and affect how women and not respected in taking opportunities and men live their lives and interpret the world. decisions within life. There such thinking For this reason, it has provoked lively seems to have been entrenched so women debates and fierce antagonisms that have JEE (Journal of English Education) Vol. 6 No. 2, December 2020 http://journal.upp.ac.id/index.php/JEE P-ISSN:2459-9719, E-ISSN 2597-7091 DOL: https://doi.org/10.30606/jee | 106 continued to the present day”. So, workplace and educational settings. feminism considers an imbalance between Radical feminism has a trait between men and women. Because the position and biologically determined behaviours and role of women are considered lower than culturally determined behaviours that men, women are considered to only be able already exist, to free men and women as to depend on men. Therefore, women much as possible from their previously believe that this condition can change by narrow gender roles. While women of emphasizing the independence of the colour is a site of multiple forms of woman herself. While Hooks’s definition oppression in discrimination on the bases (2000) tends to physical treatment that of race and gender. It is different from women faced, “Feminism is a movement to Global feminism that focuses on women's end sexism, sexist exploitation, and health, education and welfare issues, with a oppression”. This indicates women hope great emphasis on human and women's for having value in society and getting the rights. Postcolonial feminism refers to same equality as men without exploitation economic, social and political issues, and oppression. Feminism opposes the emphasizing that the oppression of women degrading treatment of women by men in as members of formerly colonized family and society. It raises issues relating societies. Meanwhile, Transnational to autonomy or personal freedom, by feminism tends to the relationship between referring injustice between the sexes. nationality, race, gender, sexuality and More deeply to the characteristic of economic exploitation in the context of the feminism, Tong and Botts (2018) spread of capitalism throughout the world. categorized various theories of feminism And for Psychoanalytic feminism argues into ten types: Liberal; Radical; that the basic explanation for the way Marxist/Socialist; Women of Color; women act comes from within their souls, Global, Postcolonial, and Transnational; specifically, from the way they think about Psychoanalytic; Care Focused; themselves as women. The last, Care- Ecofeminism; Postmodern; and the last is Focused feminism emphasizes aspects of Third Wave. Liberal feminism focuses on children's development in particular, the elimination of inequality between namely their psychomoral development. women and men in legal, political, social, JEE (Journal of English Education) Vol. 6 No. 2, December 2020 http://journal.upp.ac.id/index.php/JEE P-ISSN:2459-9719, E-ISSN 2597-7091 DOL: https://doi.org/10.30606/jee | 107 These theories become part of the reflection of feminism in Little Women baseline to see how feminism applied to the Movie and elaborated it in which types of Little Women movie as a resource of feminism applied in the movie that written analysis of this study. As the aim of the originally in past decades but released in study, the writer wanted to analyze the this modern era.
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