DOCSLIB.ORG

France – Mission Based Assignment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
France – Mission Based Assignment France – Mission based Assignment Introduction My association with France started in 1966 and 1967 when we had an exchange trip from school to a town called Chateaubriand in Brittany. Following that in March 1981 I got a job with the French pharmaceutical company Les Laboratoires Servier who were about to move to Fulmer village just north of Stoke Poges . From then on for nearly thirty years I had day to day contact with French people working in the UK, on the telephone to France, but also quite frequent business trips lasting from overnight to a week at a time over in France. Ialso got involved going over to France to sing with the worship band, which started an association for about five years or so with a tiny evangelical church in Calais, which some of us used to visit quite regularly, but progress was slow and eventually the association fizzled out. Ethnic Origins and Early Christian History Archaelogy indicates that France has been settled continuously since Paleolithic times, though the inhabitants are originally Celtic in origin, and had migrated from the Rhone Valley into Gaul, now France. There was also some mingling of tribes with more Germanic peoples notably the Basques in Gascony. In about 600BC, Greek and Phoenician traders established settlements along the Mediterranean coast, notably at Marseille. Province was colonised by the Romans in the second century BC and Julius Caesar conquered part of Gaul in 57-52 BC, with his final battle at Verangetorix, and the capital of Roman Gaul was Lugdunum (current day Lyons). Christianity was introduced into Gaul in the 1st century AD, though it is not clear who the evangelists were. It is possible they could have come directly from the Holy Land. In AD 171 Irenaeus was appointed Bishop of Lyons in order to replace Pothinus who was killed during persecution. Iranaeus was moved to pursue a church with a single authority and doctrinal standard, which was affirmed by others, and wrote a creedal statement in Greek at the end of the second century AD. This was to dispel the gnostoicism which was prevalent at the time. There is now only a copy left in Armenian, and it contains three articles addressing spiritual encounters with God the Father , Jesus the Son and the Holy Spirit. This doctrine was to stay in place for many centuries. Irenaeus died in AD 202. In the third century, western Christians were becoming attracted to the monastic life similar to that followed by the Eastern Churches. In 361 AD, a soldier called Martin (later St Martin) established his first monastic community in a place called Liguge which is near Poitiers and in AD 372 he became Bishop of Tours and established his second monastic community at Marmoutier which lasted until the French revolution in 1789. He attracted many young aristocrats from Gallo Roman families into the religious life. Celtic missionaries evangelised much of Europe between the 5th and 6th centuries AD . They had developed their faith on their own with no influence from Rome, and their revelation came from the True Vine and of continuous praise and prayer. They introduced art into worship, the greatest being the Book of Kells, now in Trinity College Dublin. For them nature was also a self expression of the divine. Irish monks also established monasteries in Gaul in the 6th and 7th centuries AD. They were sent out from the 24 hour prayer and worship centres in Lindisfarne and Iona. They had the wisdom to preserve art and literature, both Christian and secular, when the Visigoths, Franks and Burgundii sacked parts of the old Roman Empire in Gaul, and in so doing preserved civilisation as we know it today. Geography and Location Mainland France is situated just thirty miles from the United Kingdom at its nearest, just across the English Channel. This is the northern border, with the Atlantic Ocean and Bay of Biscay to the West, Spain and Andorra to the South West, the Mediterranean Sea in the south, Switzerland and Italy to the South East and Germany Luxembourg and Belgium to the North East. Apart from extreme northern France, the country has been described as four river basins and a plateau. There is also Corsica, an island in the Mediterranean, and some overseas departements (Martinique, Guadeloupe, Reunion, and French Guiana) countries and territories (New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Wallis and Futuna Islands ) and the French Southern and Antartic Territories. Demographic Information The population of France in 2010 was 64 million. Paris, the capital of France is the largest city with Marseille, Lyon, Toulouse, Nice, Nantes, Strasbourg and Bordeau also having greater than 210,000 inhabitants. France was made up historically of many separate provinces, and these still remain as geographic, cultural and economic divisions which retain their own striking diversity. In 1972 , 22 regions based on these historical provinces were established. 75% of the country is urban, but there is a great mingling of peoples, together with a large ethnic diversity particularly in Paris and Marseille, due to North African immigrants. It has been calculated that there are 101 people groups over the whole country and only eight of these groups are recorded as speaking French, though some speak local dialect versions of the parent language. The rest (93) are other ethno linguistic groups which are too many and too scattered across France to mention individually. On account of the absolute diversity of the inhabitants of France, Herve Le Bras and Emmanuel Todd wrote in 1981 that from an anthropological point of view, France ought not to exist. The original Celtic, Germanic and Frankish tribes had almost as many origins as the population of modern France. Since France has been pieced together by treaties and conquests, and since two-thirds of the territory has been French for less than three hundred and fifty years, it is not surprising that there is no deep rooted sense of national identity. They belong to a town, a suburb, a village or a family, but not a nation or a province. People, Government and Politics The French people are known to have a very laid back attitude to life , and do not tolerate foreigners easily. French culture and mealtimes are taken very seriously, and the family is the central part of their society and culture. They are also a very private people. I certainly can count on one hand , the number of times I got invited out, when I was over there on business, which could be very lonely. The government of France is a semi-presidential system, determined by the French Constitution of the Fifth Republic, considered to be an indivisible, secular, democratic and social republic. The constitution provides for a separation of powers and proclaims France’s attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of national sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of 1789, which refers back to the French Revolution. The President shares executive power with his appointee, the Prime Minister. Parliament comprises the National Assembly and the Senate. It was a founding member of the European Coal and Steel Community, the forerunner of the European Union, and therefore the French government has to abide with European treaties, directives and regulations. Politically there are parties ascribed to all political doctrines from the far left to the far right, which is similar to the rest of Europe. Since 1905 there has been no connection between Church and state. Wars, Invasions, and other Critical Events As all countries, France has gone through its share of upheavals over the centuries, which has shaped the nation into what it is today. From the Conquest of the Romans , the Hundred Years War, to the end of the Second World War, there have been regular events, wars and political intrigue going on with neighbouring countries. The biggest event which affected the whole of France was the French Revolution in 1789 , when the reigning royal family was deposed and beheaded because the people were living in poverty, and the Royal Family had everything. France has also been invaded by Germany on three occasions. (Franco-Prussian War, World Wars 1 and 2 ) Religion The statistics list for France list Christianity as 61.1%, Non Religious as 26%, Islam as 26%, Buddhism as 1.0% , Ethnic Religions 0.9% and Unknown Religions as 0.4%. For Christianity it breaks down so that 94.2% are Roman Catholic, Protestant 3.1%, Orthodox 1.7% and other 0.7%. Although the majority of Christians are listed as Roman Catholic, actually religious practice varies greatly. The saint or Virgin Mary of one village need not be the same as the saint or Virgin Mary from the village down the road. Beliefs and practices centred on prehistoric stones and magic wells bore only the faintest resemblance to Christianity. The local priest might be useful as a literate man, but as a religious authority had to prove his worth in competition with healers, fortune-tellers, exorcists, and people who could change the weather. Morality and religious feeling are independent of church dogma. It is thought that there are currently more clairvoyants in France than Catholic priests. In my travels in France I have found some places where there was such a spiritual darkness around that I used to find it very difficult to pray. I have also found the French to be very philosophical. In many companies there are quotes from Voltere or other notaries written on a slab of marble on the wall in the reception area. The Reformation and Beyond French Protestantism started , as it did across Europe at the end of the fifteenth Century , courtesy of Martin Luther, and was successful in France due to the prevailing mental attitude.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • France Study Trip “Presidential Election in France” a Project Within the Boschalumninetwork
    Politicis of France Study trip “Presidential Election in France” a project within the BoschAlumniNetwork France Area Total 643,801 km2 Metropolitan France1 551,695 km2 Population Total January 2017 estimate 66,991,000 (20th) Metropolitan France January 2017 estimate 64,859,000[5] (22nd) Metropolitan France Density 117,6/km2 Politics of France The Fifth Republic The Fifth Republic was established by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958. It emerged from the collapse of the Fourth Republic, replacing the former parliamen- tary republic with a semi-presidential, or dual-executive, system that split powers between a prime min- ister as head of government and a president as head of state. De Gaulle, who was the first president elected under the Fifth Republic in December 1958, believed in a strong head of state, which he de- scribed as embodying “l'esprit de la nation” (the spirit of the nation). The nation declares itself to be an "indivisible, secular, democratic, and social Republic". The constitu- tion provides for a separation of powers and proclaims France's "attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of national sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of 1789." The Fifth Republic is France's third-longest political regime, after the hereditary and feudal monarchies of the Ancien Régime (15th century – 1792) and the parliamentary Third Republic (1879–1940). Executive branch Executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic and the Government. The Government consists of the Prime Minister and ministers. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, and is responsible to Parliament.
    [Show full text]
  • Secularism, State Policies, and Muslims in Europe: Analyzing French 1 Exceptionalism Ahmet T
    Comparative Politics Volume 41 Number 1 October 2008 Contents Secularism, State Policies, and Muslims in Europe: Analyzing French 1 Exceptionalism Ahmet T. Kuru Party Systems and Economic Policy Change in Postcommunist Democracies: 21 Ideological Consensus and Institutional Competition Shale Horowitz and Eric C. Browne Parties and Patronage: An Analysis of Trade and Industrial Policy in India 41 Charles R. Hankla When Does Participatory Democracy Deepen the Quality of Democracy? 61 Lessons from Brazil Brian Wampler Reducing the Perils of Presidentialism in Latin America through Presidential 83 Interruptions Leiv Marsteintredet and Einar Berntzen Review Article American Immigration through Comparativists’ Eyes 103 David D. Laitin Abstracts 121 Secularism, State Policies, and Muslims in Europe Analyzing French Exceptionalism Ahmet T. Kuru Islam has increasingly become an internal affair in several western European countries, ZKHUHWKH0XVOLPSRSXODWLRQKDVJURZQWRWHQWR¿IWHHQPLOOLRQ,QUHFHQW\HDUVWKH European public has intensely discussed Muslims and Islam on several occasions, from terrorist attacks in London and Madrid to the debates on Danish cartoons. In short, there is today a “Muslim question” in the minds of many European politicians when it comes to the issues of immigration, integration, and security. European states have pursued diverse policies to regulate their Muslim populations. The most controversial of these policies is France’s recent ban on wearing Muslim headscarves in public schools, which has been discussed in France and abroad since 1989. Other European countries, however, have taken Muslim students’ headscarves as a part of their individual freedom and have not prohibited them. A survey of twelve major French and British newspapers between 1989 and 1999 shows how controversial the issue was in France, in comparison to Britain.
    [Show full text]
  • Tyranny Plagued the French Revolution
    Coastal Carolina University CCU Digital Commons Honors College and Center for Interdisciplinary Honors Theses Studies Spring 5-7-2020 Tyranny Plagued the French Revolution Christy Leigh Salinari Coastal Carolina University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/honors-theses Part of the Other Political Science Commons, and the Political Theory Commons Recommended Citation Salinari, Christy Leigh, "Tyranny Plagued the French Revolution" (2020). Honors Theses. 369. https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/honors-theses/369 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College and Center for Interdisciplinary Studies at CCU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of CCU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tyranny Plagued the French Revolution By Christy Leigh Salinari Political Science Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts In the HTC Honors College at Coastal Carolina University Spring 2020 Louis E. Keiner Kimberly Hurd Hale Director of Honors Assistant Professor HTC Honors College Political Science Edwards College of Humanities and Fine Arts ABSTRACT Liberty, equality, and fraternity were the three original pillars of the French Revolution at the start in 1789. The slogan became the rallying cry for the embittered French people in their initial pursuit for political and social transformation. The French Revolution is perhaps the most prominent contemporary illustration of a violent revolution which ultimately was successful, resulting in a model of democratic government. The French Revolution reached a decade in length wherein there were countless demonstrations, massacres, wars, civil unrest, and political enlightenment.
    [Show full text]
  • Images of French Catholicism and Belgian Protestantism 73
    Images of French Catholicism and Belgian Protestantism 73 Images of French Catholicism and Belgian Protestantism: The Mid-Nineteenth Century British Perception of Religion in France and Belgium Pieter François According to most mid-nineteenth century British travelers, France and Belgium in many respects strongly resembled each other. In other respects, however, they were perceived as fundamentally different. The degree of similarity between the British images of France and Belgium could reflect some profound similarities or differences between the two countries. It could also be a reflection of British expectations. British travelers simply expected or assumed both countries to be similar or different. The British perception of religion in mid-nineteenth century France and Belgium offers an excellent example of this second possibility. British views on religion in France and Belgium were built at the same time around some solid observations and historical facts, on the one hand, and reflected a strong British wishful thinking and, therefore, the British home-context, on the other. For the historian this second option is often more interesting and challenging. Whereas the religious situation in France and Belgium was relatively similar—Catholicism was in both countries the dominant religion—the travelers’ interpretation of this situation was very different. Why, for example, were the French always included in the description of Catholicism, whilst the Belgians were most frequently absent in the image of Belgian Catholicism? Why was Catholicism seen as an essential part of the French national identity but considered as a hostile element to the “true” Belgian national identity? Why was France so readily identified with its Catholicism by British travelers, while they ignored, even denied, this link in Belgium’s case? Many travelers even went one step further by claiming that the Belgian national identity was essentially a Protestant one and that Belgium would in the nearby future become a Protestant country.
    [Show full text]
  • Humanism and the Middle Way in the French Wars of Religion Thomas E
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository History ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations Summer 5-12-2017 Refuge, Resistance, and Rebellion: Humanism and the Middle Way in the French Wars of Religion Thomas E. Shumaker University of New Mexico, Albuquerque Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/hist_etds Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Shumaker, Thomas E.. "Refuge, Resistance, and Rebellion: Humanism and the Middle Way in the French Wars of Religion." (2017). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/hist_etds/176 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in History ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thomas Shumaker Candidate Graduate Unit (Department): History Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Dr. Charlie R. Steen, Chairperson Dr. Patricia Risso________________ Dr. Linda Biesele Hall____________ Dr. Marina Peters-Newell_________ i Refuge, Resistance, and Rebellion: Humanism and the Middle Way in the French Wars of Religion BY Thomas Shumaker B.A. magna cum laude, Ohio University, 1998 M.Div., Concordia Theological Seminary, 2004 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy History The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico July, 2017 ii Refuge, Resistance, and Rebellion: Humanism and the Middle Way in the French Wars of Religion By Thomas Shumaker B.A. magna cum laude, Ohio University, 1998 M.Div.
    [Show full text]
  • The French Fifth Republic
    21 The French Fifth Republic Kamaya Jayatissa “Dans le tumulte des hommes et des événements, la solitude était ma tentation. Maintenant, elle est mon amie. De quelle autre se contenter lorsqu’on a rencontré l’Histoire ?”1 Charles de Gaulle The Origins of the Fifth Republic In the early 1950s, French political life was dominated by its colonial wars. Following the military defeat and humiliation of Dien Bien Phu, in May 1954, the government of Pierre Mendès France was forced to negotiate the permanent withdrawal of its troops from Indo-China, putting an end to nearly eight years of conflict.2 For France, this defeat marked the beginning of the decolonisation process in all its colonies. Even though both Morocco and Tunisia gained independence without too much struggle in 1956, the situation was to be very different in Algeria where the links with the Hexagon were deeply rooted since 1830.3 “Algeria was the trigger of the crises, which was fatal to the regime”, stressed French political scientist, René Raymond. It indeed initiated the beginning of a conflict that was to drown the Fourth Republic in a severe institutional crisis. Despite commendable achievements, 4 the Fourth Republic remained unloved by many. Known as la mal aimée,5 it comprised 1 “In the tumult of men and events, solitude was my temptation. Now she is my friend. How else to be content when we met history?” 2 In June 1954, having signed the said agreement, newly appointed President, Pierre Mendès France announced to the French Parliament that he had achieve his aim of ‘an honourable settlement’ to end a war that had cost at least 300,000 lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Liberty Leading the Women: Delacroix’S Liberty As Transitional Image
    Kimberly Carroll (Eugene Delacroix. Liberty Leading the People, 1830. Musée du Louvre, Paris.) Liberty Leading the Women: Delacroix’s Liberty as Transitional Image One of the most iconic transformed into a true wom- overthrow of the monarchy works of revolutionary art is an of the people. Delacroix that had been reinstituted Eugene Delacroix’s Liberty introduces through her figure shortly after the first French Leading the People, a paint- a level of specificity that Revolution of 1789 – 99. It ing from 1830 that depicts transcends her traditional debuted in the Paris Salon the July Revolution of the representations as a passive, in 1831 and was met with same year (Fig 1.). The main mythological, or allegorical mixed reactions. figure of the painting is the symbol. In looking to the or- Many were horrified at the symbol of Liberty, an igins of the figure of liberty, depiction of an event in allegorical representation the role of women during the what would have been of the ideal of perfect free- revolutions, the artist’s own contemporary history in dom. Liberty is represented history, and the reappear- which a bare-breasted through the female form, a ance of this figure into our woman was painted leading traditional manner of rep- own contemporary world, the people of France. In the resentation of victory that the evolution of Delacroix’s same year of its debut, the dates back to antiquity (Fig. Liberty as an image can be painting “was censored by 2). Many components of her seen to serve as a bridge Louis-Philippe” and was appearance clearly indicate from a purely allegorical fig- “hidden from the public for that she is an allegorical rep- ure to a real woman.
    [Show full text]
  • France-Report-World
    CultureGramsTM World Edition 2015 France (French Republic) customs, language, and laws. Clovis I, king of the Franks, BACKGROUND defeated the last Roman governor in AD 486. The French consider his conversion to Catholicism in 496 the founding Land and Climate act of the nation; the move won him the support of the France is half the size of Bolivia, or slightly smaller than the Catholic Church and Gallo-Roman people, who helped him U.S. state of Texas. French sovereignty extends to the island defeat surrounding Arian kingdoms. of Corsica (Corse) as well as several overseas territories, In the late eighth century, France was part of collectivities, and départements (overseas divisions of France Charlemagne's vast empire. After the empire's disintegration, that have representatives in the French government as well as France emerged as one of the successor kingdoms in 987. The some local autonomy), including French Guiana, Guadeloupe, following centuries brought intermittent conflict, particularly French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Réunion, and Martinique. with the English, including the Hundred Years' War, from Because France is hexagonal in shape, it is sometimes 1337 to 1453. In 1429, after 80 years of war, Joan of Arc led referred to as l'hexagone. The terrain is varied, including the French in victory over the English. Later burned to death plains, mountains, and forests. Mountains stretch along the by the English (1431), she remains a French heroine. borders with Spain, Italy, and Switzerland. France boasts one The French Revolution and Napoleon of Europe's highest peaks, Mont Blanc, at 15,771 feet (4,807 By the late 1600s, France dominated Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Germany and the Coming of the French Wars of Religion: Confession, Identity, and Transnational Relations
    Germany and the Coming of the French Wars of Religion: Confession, Identity, and Transnational Relations Jonas A. M. van Tol Doctor of Philosophy University of York History February 2016 Abstract From its inception, the French Wars of Religion was a European phenomenon. The internationality of the conflict is most clearly illustrated by the Protestant princes who engaged militarily in France between 1567 and 1569. Due to the historiographical convention of approaching the French Wars of Religion as a national event, studied almost entirely separate from the history of the German Reformation, its transnational dimension has largely been ignored or misinterpreted. Using ten German Protestant princes as a case study, this thesis investigates the variety of factors that shaped German understandings of the French Wars of Religion and by extension German involvement in France. The princes’ rich and international network of correspondence together with the many German-language pamphlets about the Wars in France provide an insight into the ways in which the conflict was explained, debated, and interpreted. Applying a transnational interpretive framework, this thesis unravels the complex interplay between the personal, local, national, and international influences that together formed an individual’s understanding of the Wars of Religion. These interpretations were rooted in the longstanding personal and cultural connections between France and the Rhineland and strongly influenced by French diplomacy and propaganda. Moreover, they were conditioned by one’s precise position in a number of key religious debates, most notably the question of Lutheran-Reformed relations. These understandings changed as a result of a number pivotal European events that took place in 1566 and 1567 and the conspiracy theories they inspired.
    [Show full text]
  • A French Islam Is Possible
    A French Islam is possible REPORT SEPTEMBER 2016 About the Institut Montaigne A non-profit organisation based in Paris, the Institut Montaigne is a pioneering independent think tank established in 2000, which aims to play a key role in the democratic debate. It is a platform for reflections, proposals and experimentations dedicated to public policy in France. It elaborates concrete proposals for the improvement of social cohesion, competitiveness and public finances. Aimed at public authorities, its work is the product of a method of research open to cross-country comparisons and rigorous data analyses. The Institut Montaigne brings together business leaders, government officials, academics and leading figures from wide-ranging horizons to promote all of its actions (proposals, public policy evaluations, participation of citizens, experimentations) by publishing reports and organising high level events. Its activity is supported by over 100 companies of different sizes in different industries. Its funding is based exclusively on private contributions, none of which exceed 2% of its annual budget (circa 3.5 million euros). A FRENCH ISLAM IS POSSIBLE There is no desire more natural than the desire for knowledge 2 A FRENCH ISLAM IS POSSIBLE ABOUT THE AUTHOR An Ecole Normale graduate and with an agrégation in geography, Hakim El Karoui taught at the Lyon II University before joining the cabinet of the Prime Minister in 2002 as speech writer. After serving within the Ministry of Finance, in 2006 he integrated the Rothschild bank, where he led the Africa Practice together with Lionel Zinsou. In 2011, he joined the strategy consulting firm Roland Berger, where he was joint head of the Africa and French Government advisory sectors.
    [Show full text]
  • Course Document
    SCHOOL OF DIVINITY, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY ACADEMIC SESSION 2018-2019 HI355N: CONFLICT AND ITS LEGACIES: FRANCE 1900 TO THE PRESENT 30 CREDITS: 11 WEEKS PLEASE NOTE CAREFULLY: The full set of school regulations and procedures is contained in the Undergraduate Student Handbook which is available online at your MyAberdeen Organisation page. Students are expected to familiarise themselves not only with the contents of this leaflet but also with the contents of the Handbook. Therefore, ignorance of the contents of the Handbook will not excuse the breach of any School regulation or procedure. You must familiarise yourself with this important information at the earliest opportunity. COURSE CO-ORDINATOR Dr Elizabeth C. Macknight [email protected] Department of History, CA214 Office telephone: 01224 272297 Office hours: Thursday 10am-12pm or by appointment Discipline Administration Mrs Barbara McGillivray 50-52 College Bounds Room CB001 01224 272199 2019 [email protected] - 2018 | - Course Document 1 TIMETABLE For time and place of classes, please see MyAberdeen Students can also view their university timetable at http://www.abdn.ac.uk/infohub/study/timetables-550.php COURSE DESCRIPTION Experiences and memories of conflict have played an important role in shaping the development of France from 1900 to the present. This period of French history is marked by two world wars, Occupation and Liberation, colonial wars in Indochina and Algeria, the student revolt of May 1968, the strike wave of 1995, and the riots of November 2005. In this course we study the underlying causes and nature of the wars and civil unrest. We investigate links between conflict, cultural production, and social change; and we examine the legacies of conflict in debates about what it means to be ‘French’ and France’s relationships with other parts of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Protestant Churches and Same-Sex Marriage in France: ”Theological” Criteria and Sociological Approaches Gwendoline Malogne-Fer
    Protestant Churches and Same-Sex Marriage in France: ”Theological” Criteria and Sociological Approaches Gwendoline Malogne-Fer To cite this version: Gwendoline Malogne-Fer. Protestant Churches and Same-Sex Marriage in France: ”Theological” Criteria and Sociological Approaches. in Véronique ALTGLAS et Matthew WOOD (dir.), Bringing Back the Social Into the Study of Religion, Leiden, Brill, pp.35-58, 2018. halshs-02974401 HAL Id: halshs-02974401 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02974401 Submitted on 21 Oct 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Gwendoline Malogne-Fer, 2018. « Protestant Churches and same sex Marriage : "theological" criteria and sociological approach », in Véronique ALTGLAS et Matthew WOOD (dir.), Bringing Back the Social Into the Study of Religion, Leiden, Brill, pp. 35-58. Chapter 1 Protestant Churches and Same-Sex Marriage in France: “Theological” Criteria and Sociological Approaches Gwendoline Malogne-Fer Introduction The reflection presented here was born from my personal questions about the academic study of religion, including the place of non-believer scientists in the field of the French sociology of religion and the potential influence of researchers’ religious beliefs and belonging on sociological analyses. My own research on Polynesian Protestantism questions the relevance of the classical academic boundary between sociology and anthropology.
    [Show full text]