Maryland Geological Survey Volume One Baltimore The
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MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY VOLUME ONE BALTIMORE THE JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS 1897 ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATE FACING PAGE I. View of Model of the State of Maryland 23 II. The Potomae River Valley at Williamsport, on the Western Maryland Railroad 64 III. View of the Great Valley from Blue Mountain, on the Western Mary- land Railroad ; 104 IV. Map showing Atlas Sheets and Charts in Maryland 114 V. Map showing leading Triangnlation in Maryland 123 VI. Hypsometric Map of Maryland 142 VII. View showing Estuary of the Chesapeake Bay near Queenstown 146 VIII. The Falls of the Potomac 148 IX. View of the Youghiogheny Valley In the Alleghany Mountains, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 152 X. The Gorge of the Potomac, at Harper's Ferry looking east, on the Bal- timore and Ohio Railroad 176 XI. Folded Strata of Lewistown Formation at Hancock, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 182 XII. View of "Devil's Backbone" in Lewistown Formation north of Cum- berland, on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 186 XIII. Geological Map of Maryland 204 XIV. Isogonic Map of Maryland 404 XV. Instruments used in Magnetic Observations 450 XVI. Map showing the Preliminary Lines of Equal Magnetic Inclination and the Preliminary Lines of Equal Horizontal Force for Mary- land on January 1, 1897 4j93 XVII. Map showing the Lines of Equal Magnetic Declination for Maryland in the years 1700 and 1800 494 MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY VOLUME TWO BALTIMORE THE JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS 1898 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE facing page I, The Potomac River near Cherry Run, at the Junction of the Balti- more and Ohio and Western Maryland Railroads 37 II. Lake Roland near Holllns Station, on the Northern Central Rail- way 33 III. Happy Valley near Port Deposit, on Pennsylvania Railroad System, 38 IV. Fig. 1.—Horizontal Beds 56 " 3.—Prominent " bedding " Joints in Granite 56 V. " 1.—Quarry showing Several Series of Joints 63 " 3.—Glacial Stripped Quarry 63 VI. Fragments of Cubes after Crushing 100 VII. Map showing the Distribution of the Granites, Gneisses, and Allied Rocks In Maryland 126 VIII. Foliated Granite. Port Deposit, Cecil County 130 IX. Fig. 1.—Photomicrograph of Granite, Port Deposit 138 " 3.—Photomicrograph of Granite, Ellicott City 138 X. McClanahan Granite Quarry, Port Deposit 143 XI. Granite-Porphyry. Ellicott City, Howard County 146 XII. Fig. 1.—Gaither's Quarry, Ellicott City 148 " 3 Weber's Quarry, Ellicott City 148 XIII. Granite. Waltersville, Baltimore County 150 XIV. Fig. 1.—Weller's Quarry, Granite 153 " 3.—Guilford and Waltersville Quarry, Granite 153 XV. Detailed View, Weller's Quarry, Granite 154 XVI. Fine-grained Granite. Guilford, Howard County 158 XVII. Fig. 1.—Photomicrograph of Granite, Granite 163 " 3—Photomicrograph of Gneiss, Baltimore 163 XVIII. " 1.—Curley-Schwind Quarry. Baltimore 166 " 3.—" Edmondson Avenue " Quarry. Baltimore 166 XIX. Map showing the Distribution of the Marbles in Maryland 170 XX. Beaver Dam Quarry. Cockeysville 174 XXI. Marble. Cockeysville, Baltimore County 178 XXII. Fig. 1.—Thirty-eight ton Monolith. Cockeysville 183 , " 2.—Potomac Marble Quarry, Point of Rocks 183 XXIII. Potomac Marble. Point of Rocks, Frederick County 188 XXIV. Fig. 1.—Whlteford Quarry. Cambria 193 " 2.—Slate Quarry. Ijamsville 193 XXV. Serpentine. Broad Creek, Harford County 196 XXVI. Map showing the Distribution of the Paleozoic Limestones in Maryland 198 XXVII. Red Sandstone. Seneca, Montgomery County 300 XXVIII. Fig. 1.—Sandstone Quarry, Emmitsburg 304 " 3.—Sandstone Quarry. Seneca 304 2 ] 8 ILLUSTRATIONS , pj^XE FACING PAGE XXIX. Fig. 1 Monocacy Aqueduct of White Quartzitc from Belt's Quarry, 308 " 3 Sandstone Quarry. Point of Rocks , 308 XXX. Map showing the Distribution of the Sandstones and Quartzites in Maryland 313 XXXI. Fig. 1.—Proctor Brothers' Quarry. Cambria 316 " 2.—" Peachbottom "-Excelsior-Peerless Quarry. Cambria.... 316 XXXII. " 1.—York and Peachbottom Quarry. Cambria 336 " 3.—York and Peachbottom Quarry. Cambria 336 XXXIII. Diagram of Control of the Frostburg Sheet 348 XXXIV. Diagram of Triangulation of the Frostburg Sheet 353 XXXV. Astronomical Transit and Zenith Telescope 358 XXXVI. Y-Level 368 XXXVII. Piedmont Plateau looking East from Rocky Ridge 376 XXXVIII. Fig. 1.—Heliotrope 386 " 2.—Traverse Plane-table Alidades 386 XXXIX. Eight-inch Theodolite 3H3 XL. Patapsco Valley from Woodstock College, on Baltimore and Ohio Railroad ?08 XLI. Johnson Plane-table 316 XLII. Telescopic Alidade 320 XLIII. Smith's Map, 1608 (reduced) 350 XLIV. Calvert Cliffs, on the Chesapeake Bay 356 XLV. Farrer's Map, 1651 364 XLVI. Herman's Map of Maryland (reduced) 378 XLVII. Bohemia River from Elk Neck at Head of Chesapeake Bay 384 XLVIII. Map showing Appalachian Topography by U. S. Geological Survey, 454 FIGURE PAGE 1. Ideal Figure showing Structures of the Earth's Crust (after U. S. G. S.).. 48 2. Generalized Section from Sugar Loaf Mountain to North Mountain 4!) 3. Folded Rocks (after Van Hise) 51 4. Quarry in Horizontal Rocks .... 53 5. Diagram showing Relation between Thickness and Exposure in Beds 54 6. Section Across Western Maryland showing Restored Folds .... 59 7. Ingersoll-Sergeant Steam Drill. ^l 8. Ingersoll-Sergeant Quarry Bar Drill ^3 9. Wardwell Channelling Machine TS 10. Ingersoll-Sergeant Channelling Machine 74 11. Revolving Drum for Derrick 1'5 12. Lincoln Stone Planer 7® 13. Stone Polisher 14. Photomicrograph of Seneca Sandstone (magnified ten diameters) 97 15. Cube for Crushing Tests 113 16. Bar for Expansion Tests 115 17. Bar for Elasticity Tests 116 18. Bar for Sheaving Tests 117 19. Sketch Map of Peach Bottom Slate Area 321 30. Baldwin Base-Measuring Device -282 21. Signal 389 MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 19 FIGURE PAGE 22. Diagram 302 23. Diagram 304 24. Diagram 305 25. Douglas Odometer 335 26. Interior of Aneroid 33g 37. Ayllon's Map. 1527 340 28. Ribero's Map. 1529 344 29. The Lord Baltimore Map. 1635 (reduced) 361 30. Alsop's Map. 1666 3^6 31. Portion of Herman's Map, 1670, on original scale 377 32. The Griffith Map. 1794 (reduced) 399 33. Part of Alexander's Map of Southern Maryland 433 34. Section from a County Atlas hy Geo. W. Hopkins 443 MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY VOLUME THREE BALTIMORE THE JOHNS HOPKINS PRESS 1899 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE FACING PAGE I. Stone Arch over Castleman Elver, Garrett County 39 II. Sample Road at Timonium Fair— Fig. 1.—Road Partially Constructed 43 Fljr. 3.—Road Nearly Completed 43 III. Map Showing the Physiographic Provinces of Maryland 56 IV. Map Showing the Divides and Drainage Basins of Maryland 64 V. Chart Showing Normal Annual Temperature and Precipitation for Maryland 72 VI. Map of the Road-Materials of Maryland 80 VII. Photomicrographs of Rock Sections— Fig. 1.—Trap Rock, Gabbro, Baltimore County 83 Fig. 2.—Trap Rock, Serpentine, Harford County 83 VIII. Photomicrographs of Rock Sections- Fig. 1.—Trap Rock, Diabase, Montgomery County 84 Fig. 2.—Gneiss, Baltimore County 84 IX. Photomicrographs of Rock Sections— Fig. 1.—Granite, Cecil County.. .. 88 Fig. 2.—Sandstone, Montgomery County 88 X. Photomicrographs of Rook Sections—- Fig. 1.—Marble, Baltimore County 96 Fig. 2.—Limestone, Washington County 96 XI. Photomicrographs of Rock Sections— Fig. 1.—Quartzite, Frederick County 104 Fig. 2.—Indurated Gravel, Prince George's County 104 XII. Three-Notch Road in St. Mary's County— Fig. 1.—View of Notches on Tree 130 Fig. 2.—View of Road with Notched Tree 130 XIII. Survivals of Early Road Methods— Fig. 1. —Breaking Stone by Hand, Frederick County 144 Fig. 2.—Hauling with Two-Wheel Ox-Cart, Port Tobacco, Charles County 144 XIV. Map Showing Through Routes of Travel before 1776 156 XV. Map Showing the Main Highways of Maryland 190 XVI. Types of Roads— Fig. 1 Dirt Road, Harford County 196 Fig. 2.—Limestone Road, Washington County 196 XVII. Types of Roads- Fig. 1.—Trap road, Baltimore County; Stone Spread in Layers and Rolled 200 Fig. 3.—Gneiss road, Baltimore City ; Stone Spread without Rolling. 300 20 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE FACING PAGE XVIII. Types of Roads— Fig. 1 Gravel Road, Prince George's County 204 Fig. 3.—Shell Road, Baltimore County 304 XIX. Types of Bridges— Fig. 1.—Iron bridge over Choptank river, Caroline County 308 Fig. 3.—Stone bridge over Conocoeheague river, Washington County 308 XX. Maps of Allegany, Anne Arundel and Calvert Counties 316 XXI. Maps of Baltimore and Carroll Counties 330 XXII. Maps of Caroline, Cecil and Charles Counties 334 XXIII. Maps of Dorchester and Frederick Counties 333 XXIV. Maps of Garrett, Harford and Howard Counties 336 XXV. Maps of Kent, Montgomery and St. Mary's Counties 340 XXVI. Maps of Prince George's and Queen Anne's Counties 344 XXVII. Maps of Somerset, Talbot and Wicomlco Counties 348 XXVIII. Maps of Washington and Worcester Counties 354 XXIX. Testing Laboratory, Showing Deval Abrasion Machine 330 XXX. Testing Laboratory, Showing Page Cementation Machine 333 XXXI. Rock Fragments Before and After the Abrasion Test 334 Fig. 1.—Marble, Baltimore County 334 Fig. 3.—Limestone, Washington County 334 Fig. 3.—Trap Rock, Diabase, Frederick County 334 XXXII. Briquettes, Before and After Cementation Tests 336 Fig. 1.—Marble, Baltimore County 336 Fig. 3.—Limestone, Washington County 336 Fig. 3.—Limestone, Washington County 336 Fig. 4,—Trap Rock, Gabbro, Baltimore County 336 XXXIII. Types of Bad Roads in Maryland— Fig. 1.—Clay Road in Wet Weather, Howard County 400 Fig. 3.—Hillside Road with "Breakers," Harford County 400 XXXIV. Types of Bad Roads in Maryland— Fig. 1.—Sandy road, Worcester County 416 Fig. 3 Turnpike Abandoned from Rough Surface, Montgomery County 416 XXXV. Types of Bad Roads in Maryland— Fig. 1.—Dusty road, Baltimore County 433 Fig. 2 Undrained Road in Cut, Charles County 433 FIGURE PAGE 1. Mean Temperature in the Four Climatic Divisions of Maryland 66 3. Fluctuations in Normal Rainfall 73 3. Fluctuations in Annual Precipitation at Baltimore, 1871-1898 74 4.