PROPOSAL for the INCLUSION of the LION (Panthera Leo) in CMS APPENDIX II
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Parasitosis in Wild Felids of India: an Overview
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2015 | 7(10): 7641–7648 Review Parasitosis in wild felids of India: an overview Aman Dev Moudgil 1, Lachhman Das Singla 2 & Pallavi 3 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) 1,2 Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, GADVASU, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 3 School of Public Health and Zoonoses, GADVASU, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected] (corresponding author), 3 [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Abstract: Being a tropical country, India provides an ideal environment for the development of parasites as well as for vector populations resulting in a high degree of parasitism in animals and humans. But only a few detailed studies and sporadic case reports are available on the prevalence of parasites in captive wild animals, and the knowledge of parasites and parasitic diseases in wild animals is still in its infancy. The family felidae comprises the subfamily felinae and pantherinae, and within those are all large and small cats. Most of the available reports on parasites in felids describe helminthic infections, which caused morbidities and occasional mortalities in the infected animals. The parasites most frequently found include the nematodes Toxocara, Toxascaris, Baylisascaris, Strongyloides, Gnathostoma, Dirofilaria and Galonchus, the trematode Paragonimus and the cestodes Echinococcus and Taenia. Almost all the studies identified the parasitic stages by classical parasitological techniques and only a few new studies confirmed the species using molecular techniques. Amongst the protozoan parasitic infections reported in felids: babesiosis, trypanosomiasis and coccidiosis are most commonly found. -
Reconstruction of Phylogenetic History to Resolve the Subspecies Anomaly of Pantherine Cats
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/082891; this version posted October 24, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Title: Reconstruction of phylogenetic history to resolve the subspecies anomaly of Pantherine cats Authors: Ranajit Das1, Priyanka Upadhyai2 1Manipal Centre for Natural Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India 2Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India Email address: [email protected] Running title: Mitogenome phylogeny of Pantherine cats Abstract All charismatic big cats including tiger (Panthera tigris), lion (Panthera leo), leopard (Panthera pardus), snow leopard (Panthera uncial), and jaguar (Panthera onca) are grouped into the subfamily Pantherinae. Several mitogenomic approaches have been employed to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of the Pantherine cats but the phylogeny has remained largely unresolved till date. One of the major reasons for the difficulty in resolving the phylogenetic tree of Pantherine cats is the small sample size. While previous studies included only 5-10 samples, we have used 43 publically available taxa to reconstruct Pantherine phylogenetic history. Complete mtDNA sequences were used from all individuals excluding the control region (15,489bp). A Bayesian MCMC approach was employed to investigate the divergence times among different Pantherine clades. Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogeny generated a dendrogram: Neofelis nebulosa (Panthera tigris (Panthera onca (Panthera uncia (Panthera leo, Panthera pardus)))), grouping lions with leopards and placing snow leopards as an outgroup to this clade. -
Population Size and Genetic Diversity of Nigerian Lions (Panthera Leo)
POPULATION SIZE AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF NIGERIAN LIONS (PANTHERA LEO) POPULATION SIZE AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF NIGERIAN LIONS (PANTHERA LEO) Talatu Tende AKADEMISK AVHANDLING Som för av filosofie doktorsexamen vid naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Lunds universitet, kommer att offentligen försvaras i Blå Hallen, Ekologihuset, Lund, Fredagen den 31 January 2014, kl.9:00. ACADEMIC DISSERTATION Presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Philosophie Doctor at the Faculty of Science, Lund University, to be defended publicly in the Blue Hall, Ecology Building, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, Sweden, Friday 31st January 2014, 9 AM. Fakultetsopponent: Göran Spong, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå POPULATION SIZE AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF NIGERIAN LIONS (PANTHERA LEO) Talatu Tende A doctoral thesis at a university in Sweden is produced either as a monograph or as a collection of papers. In the latter case, the introductory part constitutes the formal thesis, which summa- rizes the accompanying papers. These have either already been published or are manuscripts at various stages (in press, submitted or in ms). Copyright © Talatu Tende Department of Biology | Lund University Cover art and intro chapter title art: Stina Andersson Layout and formatting: Katarina Eriksson Printed in Sweden at Media Tryck, Lund, 2013 ISBN: 978-91-7473-773-8 CONTENTS List of papers 8 List of contribution 8 Introduction 11 References 30 Popular Summary 37 Acknowledgments 39 Papers Paper I 45 Paper II 57 Paper III 73 Paper IV 85 Paper V 91 7 LIST OF PAPERS This thesis is based on the following papers which are referred to by their Roman numerals. I Ulf Ottosson, Talatu Tende, Christian Hjort & Bengt Hansson. -
Lion Hunting Behaviour and Vegetation Structure in an African Savanna
Lion hunting behaviour and vegetation structure in an African savanna a,* b,c,1 a,2 Scott R. Loarie , Craig J. Tambling , Gregory P. Asner a Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, U.S.A. b Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa c Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa Emerging evidence suggests that male lions are not dependent on female’s hunting skills but are in fact successful hunters. But difficulty locating kills and objectively characterizing landscapes has complicated the comparison of male and female lion hunting strategies. We used airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) measurements of vegetation structure in Kruger National Park, combined with global positioning system (GPS) telemetry data on lion, Panthera leo, kills to quantify lines-of-sight where lion kills occurred compared with areas where lions rested, while controlling for time of day. We found significant differences in use of vegetation structure by male and female lions during hunts. While male lions killed in landscapes with much shorter lines- of-sight (16.2 m) than those in which they rested, there were no significant differences for female lions. These results were consistent across sizes of prey species. The influence of vegetation structure in shaping predatoreprey interactions is often hypothe-sized, but quantitative evidence has been scarce. Although our sample sizes were limited, our results provide a mechanism, ambush hunting versus social hunting in the open, to explain why hunting success of male lions might equal that of females. -
North African Lion Fact Sheet
North African Lion Fact Sheet Common Name: North African Lion, Barbary Lion Scientific Name: Panthera leo leo Wild Status: Extinct Habitat: Forests, hills, mountains, plains Country: Egypt, Algeria, Morocco, Libya Shelter: Forests Life Span: Unknown Size: 10ft long Details Present in Roman history and Biblical tales, the Barbary Lion had a reputation as an enormous and vicious creature with a giant mane. Much of their personality and history are, however, exaggerated. This overblown persona made them targets for human hunters, looking to keep their ever expanding territories safe, leading to the extinction of the Barbary Lions. In the wild, they were social mammals who lived in prides, much like the lions of today. They resided in mountainous and hilly areas and often took shelter in forests. Being carnivorous predators, they relied on instinct and teamwork to take down prey such as gazelles. Their fate has often been tied to that of humans who had the ability to catch and control them. The decline of Barbary Lions remains to this day a curious topic for researchers, with efforts being made to locate the purest specimens. Cool Facts • Lions were used as tax payments or lavish gifts. This caused royal families of Morocco to house many Barbary Lions, which eventually made their way to zoos across the world. • These lions are believed to have gone extinct in the 20th century. This would make them one of the most recent extinctions • They are said to have fought gladiators in the Roman empire. The lions present in the Bible are also believed to be Barbary Lions • Many zoos have claimed to have "the last Barbary Lion", however DNA testing has shown these lions are often mixed with other species • Not limited to deserts and savannas, they were often found in forests near mountains • The last Barbary Lion is thought to have been shot in 1942, although some may have survived until the 1960s Taxonomic Breakdown Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Suborder: Feliformia Family: Felidae Subfamily: Pantherinae Genus: Panthera Species: P. -
Report on Lion Conservation, 2016
Report on Lion Conservation with Particular Respect to the Issue of Trophy Hunting AreportpreparedbyProfessor David W. Macdonald CBE, FRSE, DSc⇤ tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt Director of WildCRU, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt at the request of Rory Stewart OBE ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt Under Secretary of State for the Environment tttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt 28 November 2016 ⇤[email protected] Lion Conservation and Trophy Hunting Report Macdonald et al. Contributors TTT This report was prepared with the assistance of members of the Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, of which the core team was Dr Amy Dickman, Dr Andrew Loveridge, Mr Kim Jacobsen, Dr Paul Johnson, Dr Christopher O’Kane and..Dr Byron du Preez, supported by Dr Kristina Kesch and Ms Laura Perry. It benefitted from critical review by: TTTDr Guillaume Chapron TTTDr Peter Lindsey TTTProfessor Craig Packer It also benefitted from helpful input from: TTTDr Hans Bauer TTTProfessor Claudio Sillero TTTDr Christiaan Winterbach TTTProfessor John Vucetich Under the aegis of DEFRA the report -
Canine Distemper Virus in Asiatic Lions of Gujarat State, India
RESEARCH LETTERS SFTSV RNA at 2.4 × 105 copies/mL in his semen that day. Canine Distemper Virus On day 44, we could no longer detect semen SFTSV RNA, and he was discharged on day 51 after onset (Figure 1). in Asiatic Lions of In this study, SFTSV RNA was detected in semen, and Gujarat State, India SFTSV persisted longer in semen than in serum. It is well known that some viruses, such as Zika virus and Ebola vi- rus, can be sexually transmitted; these viruses have been Devendra T. Mourya, Pragya D. Yadav, detected in semen for a prolonged period after symptom Sreelekshmy Mohandas, R.F. Kadiwar, M.K. Vala, onset (6,7). Thus, we considered the potential risk for sex- Akshay K. Saxena, Anita Shete-Aich, ual transmission of SFTSV. Nivedita Gupta, P. Purushothama, Rima R. Sahay, Compared with that of Zika and Ebola viruses, the clin- Raman R. Gangakhedkar, Shri C.K. Mishra, ical significance of potential sexual transmission of SFTSV Balram Bhargava is unknown. However, this possibility should be taken into Author affiliations: Indian Council of Medical Research, National consideration in sexually active patients with SFTSV. Our Institute of Virology, Pune, India (D.T. Mourya, P.D. Yadav, findings suggest the need for further studies of the genital S. Mohandas, A. Shete-Aich, R.R. Sahay); Sakkarbaug Zoo, fluid of SFTS patients, women as well as men, and counsel- Junagadh, India (R.F. Kadiwar, M.K. Vala); Department of ing regarding sexual behavior for these patients. Principal Chief Conservator of Forest, Gandhinagar (A.K. Saxena, P. -
Husbandry Guidelines for African Lion Panthera Leo Class
Husbandry Guidelines For (Johns 2006) African Lion Panthera leo Class: Mammalia Felidae Compiler: Annemarie Hillermann Date of Preparation: December 2009 Western Sydney Institute of TAFE, Richmond Course Name: Certificate III Captive Animals Course Number: RUV 30204 Lecturer: Graeme Phipps, Jacki Salkeld, Brad Walker DISCLAIMER The information within this document has been compiled by Annemarie Hillermann from general knowledge and referenced sources. This document is strictly for informational purposes only. The information within this document may be amended or changed at any time by the author. The information has been reviewed by professionals within the industry, however, the author will not be held accountable for any misconstrued information within the document. 2 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS Wildlife facilities must adhere to and abide by the policies and procedures of Occupational Health and Safety legislation. A safe and healthy environment must be provided for the animals, visitors and employees at all times within the workplace. All employees must ensure to maintain and be committed to these regulations of OHS within their workplace. All lions are a DANGEROUS/ HIGH RISK and have the potential of fatally injuring a person. Precautions must be followed when working with lions. Consider reducing any potential risks or hazards, including; Exhibit design considerations – e.g. Ergonomics, Chemical, Physical and Mechanical, Behavioural, Psychological, Communications, Radiation, and Biological requirements. EAPA Standards must be followed for exhibit design. Barrier considerations – e.g. Mesh used for roofing area, moats, brick or masonry, Solid/strong metal caging, gates with locking systems, air-locks, double barriers, electric fencing, feeding dispensers/drop slots and ensuring a den area is incorporated. -
Effects of a Combined Enrichment Intervention on the Behavioural and Physiological Welfare Of
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.24.265686; this version posted August 25, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Effects of a combined enrichment intervention on the behavioural and physiological welfare of 2 captive Asiatic lions (Panthera leo persica) 3 4 Sitendu Goswami1*, Shiv Kumari Patel1, Riyaz Kadivar2, Praveen Chandra Tyagi1, Pradeep 5 Kumar Malik1, Samrat Mondol1* 6 7 1 Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. 8 2 Sakkarbaug Zoological Garden, Junagadh, Gujarat, India 9 10 11 12 * Corresponding authors: Samrat Mondol, Ph.D., Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology 13 Department, Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001. Email- 14 [email protected] 15 Sitendu Goswami, Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001. 16 Email- [email protected] 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Running head: Impacts of enrichment on Asiatic lions. 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.24.265686; this version posted August 25, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 24 Abstract 25 The endangered Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica) is currently distributed as a single wild 26 population of 670 individuals and ~400 captive animals globally. -
Art and Imperialism in the Ancient Near East Prof. Marian Feldman, History of Art and Near Eastern Studies, UCB
Art and Imperialism in the Ancient Near East Prof. Marian Feldman, History of Art and Near Eastern Studies, UCB. http://orias.berkeley.edu/summer2010/Summer2010Home.htm Summarized by Timothy Doran Art in the form of figurative imagery and architectural and monumental construction has long played a central role in imperialism. Some of the earliest known empires of the ancient world – namely, the Akkadian, Old Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian, and Achaemenid Persian – communicated a harmonious, hierarchic worldview of authority and order in which the present power structure was portrayed as proper, natural, and beneficial. An imperial vision was shaped by monuments and architecture of each period: the Warka Vase from the Late Uruk period, the Victory Stele of Naram-Sin, the Law Code Stele of Hammurabi, the lion hunt reliefs of Ashurbanipal, and the wall reliefs of the audience hall in the city of Persepolis. The region’s environment constrained the development of power. The Fertile Crescent’s richness allowed civilization in the area, since the transition to agriculture (starting about 10,000 BC) was a difficult process and could only have worked in areas wherein alternatives were available should agriculture fail, such as the nuts, berries, and fish found in the foothills of the Fertile Crescent. But where the rivers squeeze together, near modern Baghdad, is Babylon, and it defines the break between Northern and Southern Mesopotamia. It is Southern Mesopotamia with its large alluvial plain that is considered more typically Mesopotamian. Since there is practically no rainfall in Southern Mesopotamia, rivers are crucial for life. Unlike the Nile, the rivers do not flood in any predictable way or time. -
Why the Lion Reintroduction Project ? Manoj Mishra*
Why the Lion Reintroduction Project ? Manoj Mishra* Isolated populations of endangered species are at severely depleted as a result of an outbreak of much greater risk compared to populations that are canine distemper virus in the early 1990s. It is well-distributed. The risk is even more acute if the believed that 75% of the lions had been infected species in question survives as a single, small and at least 30% of the population was wiped out population confined to a single locality. Currently by the infection. If an epidemic of such proportions Asiatic lions (Panthera leo persica) are up against were to affect the lions of Gir, it would be very precisely such odds. Once widely occurring in India difficult to save them from extinction, given the in the northern semi-arid scrub-grassland habitats much smaller size of Gir and also the relatively from west to east and other arid scrub areas in the smaller lion population. Genetically speaking, earlier peninsula, the Asiatic lion rapidly started losing the rapid decline in Asiatic lions occurred in the late ground to diversion and degradation of its natural 19th and early 20th century in a short time-span habitat by extension of human settlements, as well and even the small remaining population must have as overuse and abuse. The constraining impact of carried substantial proportions of the original shrinkage, fragmentation and degradation of lion genetic attributes. This allowed it to recover, given habitats was compounded by the pressures of good conservation support. If such a crash occurs uncontrolled hunting, predominantly by British now, the genetic viability of the population will take sports hunters as well as Indian maharajas, which a serious hit, imperiling its long-term survival. -
THE AFRICAN LION (Panthera Leo Leo): a CONTINENT-WIDE SPECIES DISTRIBUTION STUDY and POPULATION ANALYSIS
THE AFRICAN LION (Panthera leo leo): A CONTINENT-WIDE SPECIES DISTRIBUTION STUDY AND POPULATION ANALYSIS by Jason S. Riggio Dr. Stuart L. Pimm, Advisor May 2011 Masters project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Environmental Management degree in the Nicholas School of the Environment of Duke University 2011 Abstract Human population growth and land conversion across Africa makes the future of wide-ranging carnivores uncertain. For example, the African lion (Panthera leo leo) once ranged across the entire con- tinent – with the exception of the Sahara Desert and rainforests. It now lives in less than a quarter of its historic range. Recent research estimates a loss of nearly half of the lions in the past two decades. Some sources put their numbers as low as 20,000 individuals. Given these declines, conservation organ- izations propose to list the African lion as “endangered” under the U.S. Endangered Species Act and to upgrade the species’ CITES protections from Appendix II to Appendix I. To establish the lion’s current conservation status, I analyzed the size, distribution, and potential connections of populations across its range in Africa. It is particularly important to identify connected sub-populations and areas that can serve as corridors between existing protected areas. I compile the most current scientific literature, comparing sources to identify a current population estimate. I also use these sources to map known lion populations, potential habitat patches, and the connections between them. Finally, I assess the long-term viability of each lion population and determine which qualify as “lion strongholds.” The lion population assessment in this study has shown that over 30,000 lions remain in approx- imately 3,000,000 km2 of Africa.