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Guide to Fairfax County Railroad Files, 1866-1927

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Guide to Fairfax County Railroad Files, 1866-1927 Guide to Fairfax County Railroad Files, 1866 - 1927 Created by: Victoria Thompson Creation date: June 2019 Shelf Location: Unit 40, Shelf 7 & Unit 26, Drawer 7 Contents Summary: Extent: 3 Linear Feet Date Range: 1866 - 1927 Geographical Location: Fairfax County & City of Alexandria, Virginia, Washington, D.C. Materials & Media: Paper, newsprint, blueprint, cardstock, photographs, ink, graphite Topics Covered: Railroads, land condemnation, accidental injuries & deaths, damage to property Prominent People & Organizations: Alexandria & Fredericksburg Railroad Co., Arlington & Fairfax Railway Co., Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Co., Fairfax, Potomac & Washington Electric Railway Co., Great Falls & Old Dominion Railroad Co., Metropolitan Western Railroad Co., Mt. Vernon & Camp Humphries Railway Co., Pennsylvania Railroad Co., Richmond & Danville Railroad Co., Southern Railway Co., United States Railroad Administration, Virginia Midland Railway Co., Washington, Alexandria & Mt. Vernon Electric Railway Co., Washington, Arlington & Falls Church Railway Co., Washington & Ohio Railroad Co., Washington & Old Dominion Railway Co., Washington Southern Railway Co., Washington-Virginia Railway Co. Historical Events Covered: Nationalization of the railroads; railroads boom and bust; Popes Head Derailment Arrangement: Land Records are organized alphabetically, Judgments are ordered by date and then alphabetically within dates, Chancery Cases are organized by date. Biographical/ Historical Note Following the invention and popularization of steam locomotive trains in Great Britain, the United States readily took to this efficient mode of mass transportation. The first railroad line, the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, was constructed in 1828 linking Baltimore to the Erie Canal. Other railroad companies soon formed to meet the demand for this new type of freight carriage; locomotives were much faster and cheaper than the traditional transportation methods of canal barge, stagecoach and wagon. In the mid-19th century, railroad companies were formed to link Virginia cities and towns to the nation’s capital, Washington, D.C. Many of these passed through Fairfax County. Early railroads in the County were the Richmond & Danville Railroad Co. (1847 – 1894), Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad Co. (1853 – 1870), Alexandria & Fredericksburg Railroad Co. (1854 – 1887) and the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Co. (1869 – 1971). The early railroads also served Fairfax’s smaller rural settlements, and stations built between these localities grew into communities in their own right. Fairfax Station and Clifton Station are good examples of these. As new railroads were formed, and established ones expanded, they needed more land to build their tracks and supporting infrastructure. Given the legal right to condemn and purchase any necessary land by the Commonwealth of Virginia, these companies brought many land condemnation suits to the Fairfax County courts. The land condemnation cases in this collection begin in July 1866, when the Alexandria & Fredericksburg Railroad Co. decided to widen their tracks. The last land condemnation suit in the collection is from 1906, when the Great Falls & Old Dominion Railroad Co. condemned land from the Great Falls Power Co. Several local citizens backed the railroad’s need to expand. Some landowners were willing to sell marginal parts of their land to the railroad companies; these land transfer records in the collection begin in 1886 and conclude in 1911. The railroad companies involved were the Fairfax, Potomac & Washington Electric Railway Co., Great Falls & Old Dominion Railroad Co., Southern Railway Co. and Washington Southern Railway Co. Fairfax Circuit Court Historic Records Center, August 2019 Electric trolley companies started in the county in 1890, with the Metropolitan Western Railroad Co. The company formed in 1864, and used horse drawn cars until it was granted the right to build electric tracks. The Washington, Alexandria & Mt. Vernon Electric Railway Co. and the Washington, Arlington & Falls Church Railway Co. merged in 1913 to form the Washington-Virginia Railway Co. Mergers typify the railroad industry in Fairfax County and Virginia in the 19th and early 20th centuries, with multiple smaller lines being combined under one company name. Local citizens also took initiative to meet their transportation needs. In 1900, the citizenry chartered the Great Falls and Old Dominion Railroad Co. electric trolley. After being bought out in 1912, the company became the Great Falls division of the Washington & Old Dominion Railway Co. Local citizens formed the Arlington & Fairfax Railway Co. in 1927, funding it by way of subscriptions. The company bought part of the bankrupted Washington-Virginia Railway Co. line. In 1936, the company re-chartered as the Arlington & Fairfax Auto Railway, and switched to using buses. Many railroad lines folded in the 1920s and 1930s as automobiles became more readily available. Railroads and trains were often dangerous places to be. This collection contains suits brought against railroad companies for injuries and fatalities occurring after accidents on the tracks. Accidents at railroad crossings became even more frequent with the first advent of automobiles. The largest number of concurrent suits brought against a railroad company was the result of a tragic accident known as the ‘Popes Head Derailment’. On June 16, 1888, a Virginia Midland Co. train derailed at a curve near Popes Head Bridge just outside Clifton Station. The engineer, fireman, baggage master and telegraph operator were crushed and killed, and numerous others were badly injured. The suits were brought against the owner of the track, the Richmond and Danville Railroad Co., as well as the railroad operator. Other cases include destruction of crops and trees, and general negligence on behalf of the railroads. Chancery cases brought against the Washington-Virginia Railway Co. after it went into receivership are also part of this collection. The Washington-Virginia Railway Co. was under the control of the United States Railroad Administration when it began experiencing insurmountable financial problems. The United States Railroad Administration was formed in December 1917, following a proclamation by then-president Woodrow Wilson. The purpose of the administration was to operate the nation’s railroads more effectively to support U. S. war operations during World War I. Nationalization enabled the 440-plus railroads in existence to coordinate troop maneuvers and movement of supplies and armaments. The Administration was run by Director General William McAdoo and his successor Walker Hines. Both their names appear in these records. The Administration ended in March 1920, having served its purpose, and the railroads were once more privatized. Scope & Content Note Series 1: Land Records, 1886 – 1906, deeds, plats, notices & appraisals covering land transactions recorded in Fairfax Deed Books Series 2: Judgments, 1866 – 1927, land condemnation papers including plats, notices & appraisals; commissioners oaths; trespass on the case suits covering accidental injury and death, damage to property and general negligence; jury summons; notices; orders; witness summons Series 3: Chancery Cases, 1923 – 1927, case paperwork for Consolidated Equity Causes: Real Estate Trust Co. of Philadelphia, Girard Trust Co., Pennsylvania Co. for Insurances on Lives & Granting Annuities and Bank of North America & Trust Co. vs. Washington-Virginia Railway Co. Fairfax Circuit Court Historic Records Center, August 2019 Container List Box Folder Series 1: Land Records, A – W 1 RR-0001 to RR-0048 Series 2: Judgments, 1866 – 1891 2 RR-0049 to RR-0094 Judgments, 1891 – 1898 3 RR-0095 to RR-0113 Judgments, 1899 – 1903 4 RR-0114 to RR-0152 Judgments, 1903 – 1911 5 RR-0153 to RR-0171 Judgments, 1913 – 1916 6 RR-0172 to RR-0175 (Folder 1) Judgments, 1916 – 1921 7 RR-0175 to RR-0178 (Folders 1 – 3) Judgments, 1921 – 1927 8 RR-0178 to RR-0190 Series 3: Chancery Cases, 1927 9 RR-0191 Additional Notes Please see addendum below for itemized contents list. The collection includes oversized material, numbered RR-OS-0001 to RR-OS-0029, which is stored in Unit 26, Drawer 7. Physical evidence for Riffey vs. Southern Railway Co. RR-0172 is stored in Court-Related Artifacts Box 2, Unit 54, Row 8. Railroad records can also be found in the Deed Books and Term Papers, Chancery Cases and Inquests collections. Oversized railroad records, mainly plats, can be found in Units 4, 16, 26 and 27. Drawer-X contains railroad plats: X-I-1333, X-I-1394 & X-I-1301. The railroad case Ponnet vs. Southern Railway Co. can be found in Unit 40, Shelf 5. Physical evidence for this case is in Unit 40, Shelf 8; photographs and plats are in Unit 26, Drawer 2. Fairfax Circuit Court Historic Records Center, August 2019 Index: Fairfax County Railroad Files, 1866-1927 Series 1: Land Records GRANTOR GRANTEE Record Type Notes Plat DATE BOX FOLDER Adams, Charles M. to Washington Southern Railway Co. Plat X 07/1903 RR-OS-0024 Adams, Marietta to Washington Southern Railway Co. Plat X 08/1903 1 RR-0001 Daingerfield, Henry to Southern Railway Co. Plat X 07/1903 RR-OS-0025 Davis, James B. to Moore, R. Walton Plat X 09/1903 1 RR-0002 Davis, Edna T. to Moore, R. Walton Plat X 09/1903 1 RR-0002 Forrest, Douglas F., estate to Washington Southern Railway Co. Plat X 01/1903 RR-OS-0018 Hammill, Paul E. to Moore, R. Walton Plat X 09/1903 1 RR-0002 Hammill, Daisy Selectman to Moore, R. Walton Plat X 09/1903 1 RR-0002 Harrover, Elizabeth to Washington Southern Railway Co. Plat X 11/1902 1 RR-0003 Hill, Fanny L. to Washington Southern Railway Co. Plat X 01/1903 1 RR-0004 Washington, Arlington & Falls Church Klock, Elizabeth to Railway Co. Plat X 07/1902 1 RR-0005 Maltby, Mary E. to Washington Southern Railway Co. Plat X 11/1902 1 RR-0006 Marshall, R. E. to Southern Railway Co. Plat X 05/1903 1 RR-0007 McKee, R. H. to Washington Southern Railway Co. Plat X 05/1903 1 RR-0008 Miller, John to Washington Southern Railway Co. Plat X 05/1903 1 RR-0009 Moore, R. Walton to Washington Southern Railway Co. Plat X 12/1902 1 RR-0010 Palmer, Henry D.
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