In Restraint of Trade

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

In Restraint of Trade In Restraint of Trade In Restraint of Trade' The Business Campaign Against Competition, 1918-1938 Butler Shaffer The Ludwig von Mises Institute Auburn, Alabama 2008 O 1997 by Associated University Presses, Inc. All rights reserved. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by the copyright owner, provided that a base fee of $10.00, plus eight cents per page, per copy is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Dr., Danvers, Massachusetts 01923. [0-8387-5325-6197 $10.00 + 8Q pp, PC.] Associated University Presses 440 Forsgate Drive Cranbury, NJ 08512 Associated University Presses 16 Barter Street London WClA 2AH, England Associated University Presses P.O. Box 338, Port Credit Mississauga, Ontario Canada LSG 4L8 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials 239.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shaffer, Butler D. In restraint of trade : the business campaign against competition, 1918-1938 I Butler Shaffer p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8387-5325-6 (alk. paper) 1. Industrial policy-United States-History-20th century. 2. Competition-United States-History-20th century. 3. Competition-United States-Case studies, 4. Trade regulation- -United States-History-20th century. 5. Business and politics- -United States-History-20th century. 6. Businessmen-United States-Attitudes. 7. United States-Economic Conditions191 8-1 945. I. Title HD3616.U46S43 1997 338.973'009'041-dc 20 96-14519 CIP SECOND PRINTING 1999 PRINTEDIN THE UNITEDSTATES OF AMERICA To the memory and the investigative spirit of John T. Flynn Contents Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Making the World Safe from Competition 2. Trade Associations and Codes of Ethics 3. Political Alternatives 4. Under the Blue Eagle and Beyond 5. The Steel Industry 6. The Natural-Resource Industries 7. Retailing and Textiles 8. In Retrospect Notes Bibliography Index Acknowledgments I wish to acknowledge my gratitude to a number of persons whose assis- tance was helpful in the bringing of this book to publication. First, I would like to thank Robert Love who, knowing of my interest in this subject matter, first encouraged me to write this book more years ago than I care to remember. Shortly thereafter, I received valuable assistance from the late F. A. Harper and Kenneth Templeton, who helped me to focus the scope of this inquiry. I must also acknowledge the help provided by Mills F. Edgerton, Jr., of Bucknell University Press, as well as Julien Yoseloff and the editors of Asso- ciated University Presses. I further wish to express my gratitude to Janet Knoedler for her critical review and analysis of my work. Her perspective and constructive suggestions helped greatly to improve the original manu- script. I also wish to thank my daughters-Heidi, Gretchen, and Bretigne- for their invaluable assistance in helping to produce the graphics contained in this book. I also want to acknowledge the help of Jeannie Nicholson and Martha Fink. Acknowledgment must also be made to the Southwestern University Law Review, which published portions of my research as separate articles in vol- umes 10 and 20 of the law review. I wish also to acknowledge the following permissions to reprint copyrighted materials contained in this book: "Business and Government," by John T. Flynn. Copyright 63 1928 by Harper's Magazine. All rights reserved. Reproduced from the March issue by special permission. The Logic of Collective Action, by Mancur Olson. Reprinted by permission of the pub- lishers from The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory ofGroups, by Mancur Olson. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, Copyright O 1965, 1971 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. The Epic of American Industry, by James Walker, 1949. Permission granted by HarperCollins Publishers. "Toward Stability," an editorial appearing in Business Week, 10 May 1933, at page 32. Permission granted by Business Week. 10 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS An article appearing in volume 131 of The Iron Age, 25 May 1933, at page 835. Permis- sion granted by Chilton Company, Capital CitieslABC, Inc. "A Current Appraisal of the National Recovery Administration," by Dudley Cates, in volume 172 of The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, March 1934, at pages 132-34. Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications, Inc. Two articles, appearing in volume 26 of The Oil and Gas Journal, 2 February 1928, at page 36, and 12 April 1928, at page 36. Permission granted by Oil and Gas Journal. In Restraint of Trade Introduction [Tlhe forces which count toward a readjustment of institutions in any modern industrial community are chiefly economic forces; or more specifically, these forces take the form of pecuniary pressure. Such a readjustment as is here contemplated is substantially a change in men's views as to what is good and right, and the means through which a change is wrought in men's apprehension of what is good and right is in large part the pressure of pecuniary exigen- cies. Thorstein Veblen Until relatively recent times, the symbiotic relationship existing between eco- nomic and political institutions has only been vaguely comprehended. It has been popular to view these two major sectors of American society as having a generally antagonistic relationship, with political institutions serving as a countervailing force to economic influence. This view is reflected in the tra- ditional conception of economic history that suggests the American business system had, during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, main- tained an existence largely independent of, and indifferent to, the interests of the American public. The business community in this era is seen by many as ruthless and hegemonic, exercising nearly unlimited corporate power that threatened the very foundations of a free and competitive economic system. Those who hold to this view insist that the interests of the public required the imposition of political controls to regulate such matters as trade prac- tices, pricing policies, and the size and entry of business firms in the market. It supports a consensus that government regulation of economic activity rep- resents a national policy commitment to elevating the "ethical plane" of competition in order that market influences may more freely serve some vaguely defined "general welfare." One business scholar has reflected this attitude well: It is not always safe to leave business to its own devices; experience has shown that its freedom will sometimes be abused. Competitors have been harassed 14 IN RESTRAINT OF TRADE by malicious and predatory tactics, handicapped by discrimination, excluded from markets and sources of supply, and subjected to intimidation, coercion, and physical violence. Consumers have been victimized by short weights and measures, by adulteration, and by misrepresentation of quality and price; they have been forced to contribute to the profits of monopoly. , . [Tlhe nation's resources have been dissipated through extravagant methods of exploitation. These abuses have not characterized all business at all times, but they have occurred with sufficient frequency to justify the impo- sition of controls. Regulation is clearly required, not only to protect the inves- tor, the worker, the consumer, and the community at large against the unscru- pulous businessman, but also to protect the honest businessman against his dishonest competitor.' This impression of the purposes and effects of the regulatory process is reinforced by a common historical view of the 1920s as the declining years of laissez-faire capitalism, in which "big business" had its last profligate fling before being brought under the discipline of rational, politically super- vised economic planning. Indeed, the so-called Great Depression that ended this decade is generally perceived as one of the high-water marks of corpo- rate dissipation and irresponsibility, ushering in the uncomfortable afteref- fects of the 1930s. The New Deal is, to this day, regarded as a major turning point in government and business relationships, and represents to many the inevitable consequences of undisciplined market power. The National In- dustrial Recovery Act, the Agricultural Adjustment Act, the National Labor Relations Act, and the Fair Labor Standards Act, as well as the operation of intraindustrial agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission, the Securities Exchange Commission, the Civil Aeronautics Board, and the Federal Power Commission, are commonly depicted by historians as having imposed competitive discipline and socially responsible behavior upon a re- calcitrant business community. Paralleling this view of history, however, is a recognition that govern- ment regulation has generally served to further the very economic interests being regulated. The economist-and later United States senator-Paul Douglas was not the first to become aware of this fact when, in 1935, he observed with some bewilderment, "Public regulation has proved most inef- fective. Instead of the regulatory commissions controlling the private utili- ties, the utilities have largely controlled the regulatory cornmissi~ns."~Nor was he the last to perceive the truth of that proposition. Indeed, in the inter- vening years, research has revealed the dominant influence of commercial and industrial interests
Recommended publications
  • Guide to Fairfax County Railroad Files, 1866-1927
    Guide to Fairfax County Railroad Files, 1866 - 1927 Created by: Victoria Thompson Creation date: June 2019 Shelf Location: Unit 40, Shelf 7 & Unit 26, Drawer 7 Contents Summary: Extent: 3 Linear Feet Date Range: 1866 - 1927 Geographical Location: Fairfax County & City of Alexandria, Virginia, Washington, D.C. Materials & Media: Paper, newsprint, blueprint, cardstock, photographs, ink, graphite Topics Covered: Railroads, land condemnation, accidental injuries & deaths, damage to property Prominent People & Organizations: Alexandria & Fredericksburg Railroad Co., Arlington & Fairfax Railway Co., Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Co., Fairfax, Potomac & Washington Electric Railway Co., Great Falls & Old Dominion Railroad Co., Metropolitan Western Railroad Co., Mt. Vernon & Camp Humphries Railway Co., Pennsylvania Railroad Co., Richmond & Danville Railroad Co., Southern Railway Co., United States Railroad Administration, Virginia Midland Railway Co., Washington, Alexandria & Mt. Vernon Electric Railway Co., Washington, Arlington & Falls Church Railway Co., Washington & Ohio Railroad Co., Washington & Old Dominion Railway Co., Washington Southern Railway Co., Washington-Virginia Railway Co. Historical Events Covered: Nationalization of the railroads; railroads boom and bust; Popes Head Derailment Arrangement: Land Records are organized alphabetically, Judgments are ordered by date and then alphabetically within dates, Chancery Cases are organized by date. Biographical/ Historical Note Following the invention and popularization of steam locomotive trains in Great Britain, the United States readily took to this efficient mode of mass transportation. The first railroad line, the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, was constructed in 1828 linking Baltimore to the Erie Canal. Other railroad companies soon formed to meet the demand for this new type of freight carriage; locomotives were much faster and cheaper than the traditional transportation methods of canal barge, stagecoach and wagon.
    [Show full text]
  • Eliza Calvert Hall: Kentucky Author and Suffragist
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Literature in English, North America English Language and Literature 2007 Eliza Calvert Hall: Kentucky Author and Suffragist Lynn E. Niedermeier Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Thanks to the University of Kentucky Libraries and the University Press of Kentucky, this book is freely available to current faculty, students, and staff at the University of Kentucky. Find other University of Kentucky Books at uknowledge.uky.edu/upk. For more information, please contact UKnowledge at [email protected]. Recommended Citation Niedermeier, Lynn E., "Eliza Calvert Hall: Kentucky Author and Suffragist" (2007). Literature in English, North America. 54. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_english_language_and_literature_north_america/54 Eliza Calvert Hall Eliza Calvert Hall Kentucky Author and Suffragist LYNN E. NIEDERMEIER THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF KENTUCKY Frontispiece: Eliza Calvert Hall, after the publication of A Book of Hand-Woven Coverlets. The Colonial Coverlet Guild of America adopted the work as its official book. (Courtesy DuPage County Historical Museum, Wheaton, 111.) Publication of this volume was made possible in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. Copyright © 2007 by The University Press of Kentucky Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth, serving Bellarmine University, Berea College, Centre College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University, The Filson Historical Society, Georgetown College, Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University, Morehead State University, Murray State University, Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University, University of Kentucky, University of Louisville, and Western Kentucky University. All rights reserved. Editorial and Sales Offices: The University Press of Kentucky 663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008 www.kentuckypress.com 11 10 09 08 07 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Niedermeier, Lynn E., 1956- Eliza Calvert Hall : Kentucky author and suffragist / Lynn E.
    [Show full text]
  • Aqueduct Racetrack Is “The Big Race Place”
    Table of Contents Chapter 1: Welcome to The New York Racing Association ......................................................3 Chapter 2: My NYRA by Richard Migliore ................................................................................6 Chapter 3: At Belmont Park, Nothing Matters but the Horse and the Test at Hand .............7 Chapter 4: The Belmont Stakes: Heartbeat of Racing, Heartbeat of New York ......................9 Chapter 5: Against the Odds, Saratoga Gets a Race Course for the Ages ............................11 Chapter 6: Day in the Life of a Jockey: Bill Hartack - 1964 ....................................................13 Chapter 7: Day in the Life of a Jockey: Taylor Rice - Today ...................................................14 Chapter 8: In The Travers Stakes, There is No “Typical” .........................................................15 Chapter 9: Our Culture: What Makes Us Special ....................................................................18 Chapter 10: Aqueduct Racetrack is “The Big Race Place” .........................................................20 Chapter 11: NYRA Goes to the Movies .......................................................................................22 Chapter 12: Building a Bright Future ..........................................................................................24 Contributors ................................................................................................................26 Chapter 1 Welcome to The New York Racing Association On a
    [Show full text]
  • Accepting Entries
    FRIDAY, DECEMBER 11, 2020 ©2020 HORSEMAN PUBLISHING CO., LEXINGTON, KY USA • FOR ADVERTISING INFORMATION CALL (859) 276-4026 Ruthless Hanover Turns Heads With Big 1:48.4 Meadowlands Win ACCEPTING ENTRIES Last Saturday’s card at the Meadowlands was highlighted by two performances that turned heads, especially because for the hottest sale this winter of the strong head wind that horses faced as they reached the homestretch, and a wind chill temperature that felt like it was in the 30s. The conditions were so extreme that the judges gave a one-second time allowance. American History, who won last year’s Breeders Crown Open Pace, won the Meadowlands Preferred in 1:48.4, reeling off his third straight win at the Big M. He is back in to go this Saturday night at the Meadowlands in the $28,000 Preferred. American History’s effort last Saturday made the perform- February 9 & 10, 2021 ance turned in by the winner the race before him all the ENTER ONLINE AT more notable. Ruthless Hanover, a 3-year-old gelded son of Somebeachsomewhere, won a non-winners (of six or www.bloodedhorse.com $75,000, for 5 year olds and under and with other condi- Sale entries will close around mid-January, 2021. tions) event by an astounding 5 ¼ lengths in 1:48.4. It was the sophomore’s sixth career victory, which have all come this year because of an injury he sustained as a 2 year old. Going into the race, Ruthless Hanover had a record of 11- 5-2-2 and had won at the Meadowlands in 1:49.2 on Nov.
    [Show full text]
  • Worker Resistance to Company Unions: the Employe Representation Plan of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 1920-1935
    WORKER RESISTANCE TO COMPANY UNIONS: THE EMPLOYE REPRESENTATION PLAN OF THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD, 1920-1935 Albert Churella Southern Polytechnic State University Panel: Railway Organisations and the Responses of Capitalism and Governments, 1830-1940: A National and Internationally Comparative View William Wallace Atterbury, the PRR Vice-President in Charge of Operation, believed that a golden age of harmony between management and labor had existed prior to the period of federal government control of the railway industry, during and immediately after World War I. Following the Outlaw Strike of 1920, Atterbury attempted to recreate that mythic golden age through the Employe Representation Plan. Workers, however, saw the Employe Representation Plan for the company union that it was, ultimately leading to far more serious labor-management confrontations. Illustration 1 originally appeared in the Machinists’ Monthly Journal 35 (May 1923), 235. Introduction The vicious railway strikes that tore across the United States in 1877 marked the emergence of class conflict in the United States. They also shattered the illusion that the managers and employees of the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) shared a common bond of familial loyalty and dedication to their Company. For the next forty years, PRR executives attempted to reestablish that sense of loyalty, harkening back to an imagined pre-industrial past, redolent with harmony and cooperation. As late as 1926, the PRR’s treasurer, Albert J. County, spoke for his fellow executives when he suggested that “the Chief problems of human relations in our time, as affecting the great transportation systems and manufacturing plants, have therefore been to find effective substitutes for that vanished personal contact between management and men, to the end that the old feeling of unity and partnership, which under favorable conditions spontaneously existed when the enterprises were smaller, might be restored.”1 PRR executives attempted to recreate “the old feeling of unity and partnership” with periodic doses of welfare capitalism.
    [Show full text]
  • 389 Darling Bird
    Barn 6 Hip No. Consigned by Select Sales, Agent XIV 389 Darling Bird Grindstone . Unbridled KBIF Birdstone . {Buzz My Bell {Dear Birdie . Storm Bird Darling Bird . {Hush Dear Chestnut mare; Deputy Minister . Vice Regent foaled 2010 {Darling My Darling . {Mint Copy (1997) {Roamin Rachel . Mining {One Smart Lady By BIRDSTONE (2001), [G1] $1,575,600. Sire of 9 crops, 17 black type wnrs, $19,280,493, including Summer Bird ($2,323,040, champion, Belmont S. [G1], etc.), Mine That Bird ($2,228,637, champion, Ky. Derby [G1], etc.), Noble Bird [G1] (to 4, 2015, $531,278), Birdrun [G2] ($622,816), Thank You Marylou [G3] ($444,292), Florida Won [G3] (to 4, 2015, $365,687). 1st dam DARLING MY DARLING, by Deputy Minister. 5 wins, 2 to 4, $352,359, Dou- bledogdare S. [L] (KEE, $67,270), Raven Run S. [L] (KEE, $51,104), 2nd Frizette S. [G1], Matron S. [G1], 3rd Stonerside Beaumont S. [G2]. Dam of 9 foals of racing age, 4 to race, all winners, including-- FOREVER DARLING (f. by Congrats). Winner in 4 starts at 2 and 3, 2016, $155,400, Santa Ynez S. [G2] (SA, $120,000). Darling Mon (g. by Maria’s Mon). 4 wins at 5 and 7, $70,908. 2nd dam ROAMIN RACHEL, by Mining. 9 wins in 15 starts, 2 to 4, $529,778, Ballerina H. [G1], Beaumont S. [G2], Brown and Williamson H. [G3], Princess Rooney H. [L] (CRC, $60,000), Queen Breeders’ Cup S. [L] (TP, $57,168), Ruthless S. [L] (AQU, $40,500), Bonnie Leaf S. [L] (AQU, $31,860), 2nd Turfway Budweiser Breeders’ Cup S.
    [Show full text]
  • Constraints on the Waging of War, an Introduction to International
    ISBN 2-88145-115-2 © International Committee of the Red Cross, Frits Kalshoven and Liesbeth Zegveld, Geneva, March 2001 3rd edition Frits Kalshoven and Liesbeth Zegveld CONSTRAINTS ON THE WAGING OF WAR An Introduction to International Humanitarian Law 19, Avenue de la Paix, CH-1202 Geneva T +41 22 734 60 01 F +41 22 733 20 57 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.icrc.org Design: Strategic Communications SA Original: English March 2001 Produced with environment-friendly materials I must retrace my steps, and must deprive those who wage war of nearly all the privileges which I seemed to grant, yet did not grant to them. For when I first set out to explain this part of the law of nations I bore witness that many things are said to be ‘lawful’ or ‘permissible’ for the reason that they are done with impunity, in part also because coactive tribunals lend to them their authority; things which nevertheless, either deviate from the rule of right (whether this has any basis in law strictly so called, or in the admonitions of other virtues), or at any rate may be omitted on higher grounds and with greater praise among good men. Grotius: De jure belli ac pacis Book III, Chapter X, Section I.1. (English translation: Francis G. Kelsey, Oxford, 1925). TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ........................................................... 7 FOREWORD ........................................................... 9 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ........................................................ 11 I 1 Object and purpose ............................................... 12 I 2 Custom and treaty ................................................. 15 I 3 Implementation and enforcement ................................. 16 I 4 Structure .......................................................... 17 CHAPTER II THE MAIN CURRENTS: THE HAGUE, GENEVA, NEW YORK .....
    [Show full text]
  • The Horse-Breeder's Guide and Hand Book
    LIBRAKT UNIVERSITY^' PENNSYLVANIA FAIRMAN ROGERS COLLECTION ON HORSEMANSHIP (fop^ U Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 with funding from Lyrasis IVIembers and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/horsebreedersguiOObruc TSIE HORSE-BREEDER'S GUIDE HAND BOOK. EMBRACING ONE HUNDRED TABULATED PEDIGREES OF THE PRIN- CIPAL SIRES, WITH FULL PERFORMANCES OF EACH AND BEST OF THEIR GET, COVERING THE SEASON OF 1883, WITH A FEW OF THE DISTINGUISHED DEAD ONES. By S. D. BRUCE, A.i3.th.or of tlie Ainerican. Stud Boole. PUBLISHED AT Office op TURF, FIELD AND FARM, o9 & 41 Park Row. 1883. NEW BOLTON CSNT&R Co 2, Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1883, By S. D. Bruce, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. INDEX c^ Stallions Covering in 1SS3, ^.^ WHOSE PEDIGREES AND PERFORMANCES, &c., ARE GIVEN IN THIS WORK, ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED, PAGES 1 TO 181, INCLUSIVE. PART SECOISTD. DEAD SIRES WHOSE PEDIGREES AND PERFORMANCES, &c., ARE GIVEN IN THIS WORK, PAGES 184 TO 205, INCLUSIVE, ALPHA- BETICALLY ARRANGED. Index to Sires of Stallions described and tabulated in tliis volume. PAGE. Abd-el-Kader Sire of Algerine 5 Adventurer Blythwood 23 Alarm Himvar 75 Artillery Kyrle Daly 97 Australian Baden Baden 11 Fellowcraft 47 Han-v O'Fallon 71 Spendthrift 147 Springbok 149 Wilful 177 Wildidle 179 Beadsman Saxon 143 Bel Demonio. Fechter 45 Billet Elias Lawrence ' 37 Volturno 171 Blair Athol. Glen Athol 53 Highlander 73 Stonehege 151 Bonnie Scotland Bramble 25 Luke Blackburn 109 Plenipo 129 Boston Lexington 199 Breadalbane. Ill-Used 85 Citadel Gleuelg...
    [Show full text]
  • Woodrow Wilson and the Inflation Issue, 1919-1920
    Decline of a Presidenc;r: Woodroi~ Wilson o.nd the Inflation Issue, 1919-1920. John J, Hanrahan' Department of history Morehead statelUniversity Morel1ead, Ky. 40351 ,l . c The Democrats lost the 1929 presidential election, historians agree, as a result of the cumulative effect of the resentments directed against. President Woodrow Wilson by progressives, farmers, and wor.kers, the coali- 1 I tion that had kept him in the White House.in 1916. Wilson· paid this price ! I of political· damage to his presidency and his patty by giving priority to , I ' world affairs. at the expense of domestic problems. Americans .came 'to see the President as a remote figure, absent at .the Versailles peace conference the first six !"cinths of 1919, preoccupied upon his return with the.treaty ratification struggle, and shielded in the White House for months following his October stroke. The President's aloofness from his own advisers and his fierce partisanship gave Republicans the chance to portray his·admin- istration as inept one-man government. They cqnvinced voters that•Wilson was responsible for the social and economic upheaval growing out of the postwar readjustment process. The Republicans returned to power OJ). the back of the anti-Wilson feeling that they helped create. A caption of a contemporary New York World cartoon, "The GOP washed in by the waves of r 'National Discontent'," captured the heart of the Democratic defeat. A major cause in the. revulsion against:Wilsonianism that was ktrik~ ingly manifested' in· the 1920 election was the Pre'sident 1 s failure to deal with inflation effectively, a factor that'has not been given sufficient weight in existing works on the immediate past.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Media Guide NYRA.Com 1 FIRST RUNNING the First Running of the Belmont Stakes in 1867 at Jerome Park Took Place on a Thursday
    2018 Media Guide NYRA.com 1 FIRST RUNNING The first running of the Belmont Stakes in 1867 at Jerome Park took place on a Thursday. The race was 1 5/8 miles long and the conditions included “$200 each; half forfeit, and $1,500-added. The second to receive $300, and an English racing saddle, made by Merry, of St. James TABLE OF Street, London, to be presented by Mr. Duncan.” OLDEST TRIPLE CROWN EVENT CONTENTS The Belmont Stakes, first run in 1867, is the oldest of the Triple Crown events. It predates the Preakness Stakes (first run in 1873) by six years and the Kentucky Derby (first run in 1875) by eight. Aristides, the winner of the first Kentucky Derby, ran second in the 1875 Belmont behind winner Calvin. RECORDS AND TRADITIONS . 4 Preakness-Belmont Double . 9 FOURTH OLDEST IN NORTH AMERICA Oldest Triple Crown Race and Other Historical Events. 4 Belmont Stakes Tripped Up 19 Who Tried for Triple Crown . 9 The Belmont Stakes, first run in 1867, is one of the oldest stakes races in North America. The Phoenix Stakes at Keeneland was Lowest/Highest Purses . .4 How Kentucky Derby/Preakness Winners Ran in the Belmont. .10 first run in 1831, the Queens Plate in Canada had its inaugural in 1860, and the Travers started at Saratoga in 1864. However, the Belmont, Smallest Winning Margins . 5 RUNNERS . .11 which will be run for the 150th time in 2018, is third to the Phoenix (166th running in 2018) and Queen’s Plate (159th running in 2018) in Largest Winning Margins .
    [Show full text]
  • The Triple Crown (1867-2020)
    The Triple Crown (1867-2020) Kentucky Derby Winner Preakness Stakes Winner Belmont Stakes Winner Horse of the Year Jockey Jockey Jockey Champion 3yo Trainer Trainer Trainer Year Owner Owner Owner 2020 Authentic (Sept. 5, 2020) f-Swiss Skydiver (Oct. 3, 2020) Tiz the Law (June 20, 2020) Authentic John Velazquez Robby Albarado Manny Franco Authentic Bob Baffert Kenny McPeek Barclay Tagg Spendthrift Farm, MyRaceHorse Stable, Madaket Stables & Starlight Racing Peter J. Callaghan Sackatoga Stable 2019 Country House War of Will Sir Winston Bricks and Mortar Flavien Prat Tyler Gaffalione Joel Rosario Maximum Security Bill Mott Mark Casse Mark Casse Mrs. J.V. Shields Jr., E.J.M. McFadden Jr. & LNJ Foxwoods Gary Barber Tracy Farmer 2018 Justify Justify Justify Justify Mike Smith Mike Smith Mike Smith Justify Bob Baffert Bob Baffert Bob Baffert WinStar Farm LLC, China Horse Club, Starlight Racing & Head of Plains Partners LLC WinStar Farm LLC, China Horse Club, Starlight Racing & Head of Plains Partners LLC WinStar Farm LLC, China Horse Club, Starlight Racing & Head of Plains Partners LLC 2017 Always Dreaming Cloud Computing Tapwrit Gun Runner John Velazquez Javier Castellano Joel Ortiz West Coast Todd Pletcher Chad Brown Todd Pletcher MeB Racing, Brooklyn Boyz, Teresa Viola, St. Elias, Siena Farm & West Point Thoroughbreds Bridlewood Farm, Eclipse Thoroughbred Partners & Robert V. LaPenta Klaravich Stables Inc. & William H. Lawrence 2016 Nyquist Exaggerator Creator California Chrome Mario Gutierrez Kent Desormeaux Irad Ortiz Jr. Arrogate Doug
    [Show full text]
  • Dinwiddie Family Records
    DINWIDDIE FAMILY RECORDS with especial attention to the line of William Walthall Dinwiddie 1804-1882 Compiled and Edited by ELIZABETH DINWIDDIE HOLLADAY KING LINDSAY PRINTING CORPORATION CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA 1957 AFTER READING GENEALOGY Williams and Josephs, Martha, James, and John, The generations' rhythmic flow moves on; Dwellers in hills and men of the further plains, Pioneers of the creaking wagon trains, Teachers, fighters, preachers, tillers of the earth, Buried long in the soil that gave them birth. New times, new habits; change is everywhere. New dangers tour the road, new perils ride the air. Our day is late and menacing. The lateness Breeds fatalistic weariness until Joy shrivels into fear. But faith knows still Each new-born child renews the hope for greatness. LmllARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG NUMBER 57-9656 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Preface Edgar Evans Dinwiddie, my father, for many years collected data on the history of his family. His niece, Emily W. Dinwiddie, became interested and they shared their findings. In the last years of his life, when he was an invalid, she combined their most important papers in­ to one voluminous file. After both of them died I found myself in possession of the fruits of their labors, and the finger of Duty seemed to be pointing my way. From their file I learned of the long search made in many places, of the tedious copying of old records, and in many cases the summarizing of data in answering in­ quiries from others. Also Emily had made typed copies of much of the handwritten material.
    [Show full text]