DOCSLIB.ORG

ZTE's Involvement In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ZTE's Involvement In ZTE’s involvement in NGN Standard Development and Industry Relations Ming-dong Li May 28, 2008 • Technology tendency for NGN • Some considerations for NGN • ZTE’s involvement in NGN Technology tendency for NGN 450,000,000 400,000,000 350,000,000 300,000,000 250,000,000 200,000,000 用户数 150,000,000 • Mobile services ’ 100penetration, 000, 000 is 50,000,000 growing very fast 0 4 05 5 06 2004 004 2005 2006 1 2004 2 4 200 20 4 200 20 4 2006 Q Q2 Q3 Q Q1 2005Q2 Q3 Q Q1 2006Q2 Q3 Q Q1 2007 • Data service’ s contributionCDMA2000 1X CDMA2000 1xEV-DO is GPRS PDC 2000 continuously娱乐、媒体、广告 going up 1800 1600 • Evolution移动数据 from CT ÆICTÆTIME 1400 1200 • AllAll--OverOver--IPIP移动语音 is obvious tendency 1000 亿美元 十十 800 Full service 企业ICT 应用operation will be 600 互联他接入&VoIP 400 the carrier’s preference 200 PSTN 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Full services operation Æ Convergence is the future Reduce CAPEX and OPEX 运营竞争需求 Provide service assemblage capability Shorten time to market Convergence is the direc tion 技术发展驱动 User Conv Con Con Multi-module terminal: acc requirements Con DSL/ e v p v FTTx/LTE/UMB/WiMax e n n verged Core erged bear erged erged multi erged ss terminal ss rged Servic rged latform etwork Mobilization etwork Converged AGW(BRAS) Personalization Core network: Call Broadbandization Server/IMS Diversification Open service platform, e e - r In te lligen tiza tion ege.g. OSA Converged BOSS • Technology tendency for NGN • Some considerations for NGN • ZTE’s involvement in NGN NGN Overview OSE 3G&Non3G( HGF WiMax) • Technology tendency for NGN • Some considerations for NGN ¾ Service stratum ¾ Transport stratum ¾ Applications • ZTE’s involvement in NGN User ppgrofile convergence Unified user profile management , e.g., one DB for multiple access network Basis of network convergence Convenient for new service deployment NASS MNP GUP Server TD-SCDMA HLR/Auc CDMA/CDMA2000 HLR WCDMA HLR/Auc PSTN HLR GSM HLR/Auc AAA HSS PHS HLR Unified user profile management User ppgrofile convergence solution Decouple of application and data by interface which is service agnostic DB is divided into data routing plane and data storage plane – Distributed data storage MAP+ MAP Diameter RADIUS MML/SOAP SHLR HLR HSS AAA BOSS Adapters） LDAP Data Routing DB） DSData Storage Core network’s convergence – Converged IMS solution OLT ONU xPON Merit of Converged IMS solution Converged network architecture z Unified service platform Fixed broadband network z Unified user profile management (TISPAN/ITU-T) system z Support WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, Converged WCDMA network IMS CDMA network CDMA2000, WLAN, WiMAX, CABLE, (3GPP R5/R6,R7) 3GPP2 MMD xDSL and traditional 2G access Flexible IMS system design z Unified hardware platform z Meet different operator’s requirement Rich service providing capability z Full service solution • Technology tendency for NGN • Some considerations for NGN ¾ Service stratum ¾ Transport stratum ¾ Applications • ZTE’s involvement in NGN Converged Packet Core – basic architecture and network elements Service PCSCF AF System Rx+ OAM HSS AAA PCRF S10* Gom S6a S6d S6c S7 SAE GW ISP S3 S4 MME Network S11 S11 Serving GW PDN S1-c S1-u GW PBN SGi S3 S5*/S8a*/S8b* R8 SGSN S4 Corporate S2 b Network S2 a/c ePDG Iu Gb S1 w* eNB Non 3GPP UTRAN & GERAN LTE Access Network Access Network Essential elements: HSS, MME, SAE-GW, to realize LTE access and interworking with non-3GPP access network Other elements: R8 SGSN keeps UTRAN&GERAN access capability, GGSN is not neneeded Converged packet core solution Flat arch: more flater arch Presence 3rd party Apps S S S S Messaging promotes transport S S S S Conference S S S S GLMS efficiency UUMSMS Supplementary OSAOSA-- SCP SIP services Converged elements: HSS/AAA SCS IMIM--SSFSSF AS IP Centrex accelerate handover speed Unified ServicePlatform … PCRF between heterogeneous access network, and reduce CAPEX and OPEX Unified policy: Deployment of converged AAA and PCC SAE-GW MME/SGSN GGSN HA provides flexible user and MIP service’s policy control and charging xGW Converged service：Sharing PDSN AGW WAG/PDG of service platform makes full use of application resource LTE UTRAN CDMA WiMax WLAN (()eNodeB) • Technology tendency for NGN • Some considerations for NGN ¾ Service stratum ¾ Transport stratum ¾ Applications • ZTE’s involvement in NGN Service platform is needed to take in account in NGN OSE-Service Platform Service platform: Open, Convergence and Coordination Open and unified access Service coordination and adaption Take standard interfaces: Service adaption 9Web Service, Service continuity 9Parlay, Parlay-X, SiitService interworki ng 9SIP, Service change 9SOAP Service coordination SOA arch, support ESB/BPEL Provide visual develop tools: SCE/STE P U P U U latform Unified Open nified Ma Escape network’s complexity and nifie adapt to all kinds of IT/CT capability Environment (UOE) d d n n OSA SIP Servlet agement SCE UMA Porta Server Container Open SCE and unified service l access en sur e th e servi ce’ s Unified Access Gateway continuable development (UAG) Service platform: Unified OSS and self-adaptive Unified Data Unified OSS Unified Monitor Unified Database Refined operation Realize service is the basis for through the analysis network’s online unified OSS and of user’s behavior, /offline test and management and SSO: Unified optimization by is the basis of authentication and monitoring service network’s authorization service enabler’s self-adaption UifidPtlUnified Portal operation data Can take memory Unified content object or unified management P U l l n n data view atform ified M Unified service Unified Open Unified technology management Environment (UOE) a a OSA SIP Servlet Portal SCE UMA nageme Server Container Unified edOSSad OSS and ma aageetnagement n Unified Access Gateway t reduce OPEX (UAG) Service Delivery Platform Non-Trusted Domain Trusted Domain (in process) (out process) Voice Voice Data … Data Other Voice Data APP 1 … APP n APP 1 APP n APP n APP 1 … APP n ParlayX ParlayX Parlay SIP Servlet /WSDL /WSDL JR API API New SOA J2EE Infrastructure WSDL OSA AS SDP SCE JCA Parlay SIP AS ParlayX Parlay/X /WSDL API WSDL User… SP Portal Portal Encapsulation Layer AAA Unified Service SLEE Management Interface Management Platform Protocol Adaptation Layer SMSC/MMSC/LBS/IM/WAP… Service Enablers SSP/IMS/NGN NGN / IMS / MRS .. (INAP/ CAP/ MAP/SIP etc) GIS、Mobile Search、RFID… (SIP) IPTV&Digital Home Evolution consideration Integration with IMS and Web 2.0,FMC service z ITU-T Focus Group on IPTV just released proposals for IMS-based IPTV z FMC servicers will promote the digital home development Digital Home Hubs, with ACS(Auto configuration server) z Enables centralized IPTV reception and media storage for multi-room media sharing based on DLNA standards z Supports remote monitoring, home networking, remote diagnosis, home PBX etc z Zero touch with ACS, make users very easy in experience the digital home services Proliferation of P2P End Nodes z More and more STB or TV have built-in P2P clients z Uncontrolled P2P delivery consumes bandwidth without generating revenue z Controlled P2P delivery saves delivery cost and ensures scalability High-Definition Contents z HDTV can be used as a differentiator over free Internet videos z Attracts premium users Changes in Business Models z Paid contents and ad-supported contents z Mitigat e th e ch all enges o f free Int ernet vid eos • Technology tendency for NGN • Some considerations for NGN ¾ Service stratum ¾ Transport stratum ¾ Applications • ZTE’s involvement in NGN ZTE, your core value contributor Convergggy,ed all wire and wireless access technology, total solution End to end full provider access technology Unified high performance platform(Unified system arch, hardware, NGN solutions middleware, OSS and billing system) Sharing R&D resource (Fast response for requirement) Customer centric Converged user profile management (convenience for upgrading and strategy evolution) Open service interface Global Excellent operation ecosystem cooperation Ric h pro jec t exper ience in g lo ba l mar ke t Experience Broad deployment and mature performance .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Evolution of Access Network Sharing and Its Role in 5G Networks
    applied sciences Review Evolution of Access Network Sharing and Its Role in 5G Networks Nima Afraz * , Frank Slyne , Harleen Gill and Marco Ruffini * CONNECT Centre, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, 2 Dublin, Ireland; [email protected] (F.S.); [email protected] (H.G.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (N.A.); marco.ruffi[email protected] (M.R.) Received: 3 October 2019; Accepted: 18 October 2019; Published: 28 October 2019 Abstract: This paper details the evolution of access network sharing models from legacy DSL to the most recent fibre-based technology and the main challenges faced from technical and business perspectives. We first give an overview of existing access sharing models, that span physical local loop unbundling and virtual unbundled local access. We then describe different types of optical access technologies and highlight how they support network sharing. Next, we examine how the concept of SDN and network virtualization has been pivotal in enabling the idea of “true multi-tenancy”, through the use of programmability, flexible architecture and resource isolation. We give examples of recent developments of cloud central office and OLT virtualization. Finally, we provide an insight into the role that novel business models, such as blockchain and smart contract technology, could play in 5G networks. We discuss how these might evolve, to provide flexibility and dynamic operations that are needed in the data and control planes. Keywords: access networks; network sharing; 5G networks; multi tenancy; optical access; sharing economics 1. Introduction By its nature, a telecommunications network is a shared resource that interconnects multiple nodes. Network sharing is part of a fundamental principle of statistical multiplexing of link capacity.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.420.475 B2 Parron Et Al
    USOO9420475B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.420.475 B2 Parron et al. (45) Date of Patent: Aug. 16, 2016 (54) RADIO COMMUNICATION DEVICES AND 6,735,192 B1* 5/2004 Fried ................. HO4L 29,06027 METHODS FOR CONTROLLING ARADO 370,352 6,862.298 B1* 3/2005 Smith et al. ................... 370,516 COMMUNICATION DEVICE 7,103,063 B2 * 9/2006 Fang ........... 370/452 (71) Applicant: Intel Mobile Communications GmbH, 7.961,755 B2* 6/2011 Harel et al. ... 370/466 8,503,414 B2 * 8/2013 Ho et al. ....................... 370,338 Neubiberg (DE) 8,750,849 B1* 6/2014 Adib ....................... HO4L 47.10 (72) Inventors: Jerome Parron, Fuerth (DE); Peter 455,412.2 9,154,569 B1 * 10/2015 Dropps ................... HO4L 67/28 Kroon, Green Brook, NJ (US) 2004/0047331 A1 3/2004 Jang (73) Assignee: INTEL DEUTSCHLAND GMBH, 2004/0170186 A1* 9, 2004 Shao ................... HO4L 12,5693 Neubiberg (DE) 370,412 2005. O152280 A1* 7, 2005 Pollin ..................... HO4L 41.00 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 370,252 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2006, OO77994 A1 4/2006 Spindola et al. 2006/0251130 A1* 11/2006 Greer ...................... G1 OL 21/04 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 370,508 (21) Appl. No.: 13/762,408 (Continued) (22) Filed: Feb. 8, 2013 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (65) Prior Publication Data CN 1496.157 A 5, 2004 US 2014/022656O A1 Aug. 14, 2014 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (51) Int. Cl. 3GPP TS 26.114 V12.0.0 (Dec. 2012); Technical Specification H0474/00 (2009.01) Group Services and System Aspects; IP Multimedia Subsystem H04/24/02 (2009.01) (IMS); Multimedia Telephony; Media handling and interaction H04L L/20 (2006.01) (Release 12); pp.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Different Generations of Mobile Technology Amritpal Singh
    International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering & Technology (IJARCET) Volume 4 Issue 8, August 2015 A Review of Different Generations of Mobile Technology Amritpal Singh distributed over Abstract— Wireless mobile technology has revolutionized the way people communicate with each land areas called cells each cell has its own cell site or base other the hindrance that was caused to the station the frequencies used by neighboring cells are different communicating parties due to distance has become to avoid interference. obsolete a mobile phone has become an integral part of our day to day work the present day mobile phones that II Zero Generation (0G-0.5G) we use have come a long way since the inception of mobile telephone service introduced in USA in 1940s the The work to design a portable telephone system started evolutionary process of wireless mobile technology is immediately after World War II the phase which is broadly classified into generations (0G, 2G, 3G, 4G) categorized under 0G started from 1946 when Motorola and where G stands for generation with 0G being the initial phase and 4G which is in use currently 0G refers to pre Bell systems began operating first mobile telephone system cell phone telephone technology the concept of “cell” was (MTS) this phase is also known as mobile radio telephone introduced in 1G present day mobile phones are capable system phase and pre cellular phase in this generation the of text, voice and video data transfer work is underway telephone systems were quite different from what are in use on development of 5G mobile technology it will have now the mobile telephone systems were mounted on vehicles features of World Wide Wireless Web(WWWW), like cars, trucks etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Next Generation Wireless Broadband
    IEEE Communications Society Distinguished Lecture October 8-10, 2007 Next Generation Wireless Broadband Benny Bing Georgia Institute of Technology http://users.ece.gatech.edu/~benny [email protected] Outline •BWA overview •Emerging 802.11 standards •802.11 Mesh networks •802.16 •802.22 •3G/4G •Mobile TV •Broadband convergence © 2007 Benny Bing 2 1 Overview of Broadband Wireless Access •Next wireless revolution, after cellphones (1990s) and Wi-Fi (2000s) –Vital element in enabling next-generation quadruple play (i.e., voice, video, data, and mobility) services –Mobile entertainment may be a key application for the future: success of ipod, iphone •Viewed by many carriers and cable operators as a “disruptive” technology and rightly so –Broadcast nature offers ubiquity for both fixed and mobile users –Instant access possible since no CPE or set-top device may be required •Unlike wired access (copper, coax, fiber), large portion of deployment costs incurred only when a customer signs up for service –Avoids underutilizing access infrastructure –Service and network operators can increase number of subscribers by exploiting areas not currently served or served by competitors –Ease of deployment may also lead to increased competition among multiple wireless operators - will ultimately drive costs down and benefit consumers © 2007 Benny Bing 3 Overview of Broadband Wireless Access •Many countries are poised to exploit new wireless access technologies –Multiple standards: Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, LTE, DVB-H •Many municipalities now believe that water, sewage
    [Show full text]
  • The Wireless Toolbox
    The Wireless Toolbox A Guide To Using Low-Cost Radio Communication Systems for Telecommunication in Developing Countries - An African Perspective International Research Development Centre (IDRC) January 1999 PREFACE/SUMMARY VI 1. INTRODUCTION I 2. A RADIO COMMUNICATIONS PRIMER 3 2.1 SIGNAL FREQUENCY 3 2.2 LINK CAPACITY 5 2.3 ANTENNAE AND CABLING 6 2.4 MOBILITY FACTORS 7 2.5 SHARED ACCESS HUBS 7 2.6 BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENTS 8 2.7 REGULATIONS ON THE USE OF RADIO FREQUENCIES 8 2.8 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY STANDARDISATION 11 2.9 WIRELESS DATA NETWORK DESIGN AND DATA TERMINAL EQUIPMENT (DTE) INTERFACES ... 11 2.10 COSTS 12 3. WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 13 3.1 MOBILE VOICE RADIOS/WALKIE TALKIES 13 3.2 HF RADIO 13 3.3 VHF AND UHF NARROWBAND PACKET RADIO 15 3.4 SATELLITE SERVICES 16 3.5 STRATOSPHERIC TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES 23 3.6 WIDEBAND, SPREAD SPECTRUM AND WIRELESS LAN/MANs 23 3.7 OPTIC SYSTEMS 25 3.8 ELECTRIC POWER GRID TRANSMISSION 25 3.9 DATA BROADCASTING 25 3.10 GATEWAYS AND HYBRID SYSTEMS 26 3.11 WLL AND CELLULAR TELEPHONY SYSTEMS 26 4. IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES 30 4.1 SOURCING AND TRAINING 30 4.2 POWER SUPPLY 30 4.3 OPERATING TEMPERATURES, HUMIDITY AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 30 4.4 INSTALLATIONS AND SITE SURVEYS 31 4.5 HEALTH ISSUES 31 4.6 GENERAL CHECKLIST 31 5. PRODUCT & SERVICE DETAILS 33 5.1 MOBILE VOICE RADIOS / WALKIE TALKIES 33 5.1.1 Motorola P110 handheld portable radio (2 channel, 5 W) 33 5.1.2 Kenwood TK 260 mobile portable radio 33 5.1.3 Kenwood TKR 720NM fixed repeater 150-174 MHz.
    [Show full text]
  • Fundamentals Dr. Kun Yang University of Essex, Colchester
    Lecture #1 Network & Service Convergence -- Fundamentals Dr. Kun Yang University of Essex, Colchester, UK Thursday 14th October 2010 @ NII, Tokyo 1 Agenda Network Convergence Wireless + wireless Wired + wireless (fixed + mobile) Service Convergence Converged Services for Mobile Devices Converged Services for core networks Q&A 2 1 Driving Forces There are many different types of wireless access networks. There will be no perfect wireless system in terms various factors such as mobility, capacity, coverage, and cost. Instead, these networks, each with its unique features, will co- exist. IEEE802.11a/b/g/n IEEE802.15.1 IEEE802.15.3a (Wireless LAN) (Bluetooth) (UWB) IEEE802.15.4 RF-tag (ZigBee) DVB-H IEEE802.15.4a (low-rate UWB) DVB-T Wireless Access Networks IEEE802.16-2004 Satellite (Fixed Wireless MAN) 3G Cellular (UMTS, CDMA2000, IEEE802.16e TD-SCDMA) (Mobile Wireless MAN) 2.5G (GPRS) 2G Cellular IEEE802.21 IEEE802.20 2.75G (EDGE) (GSM, etc) (MIH) (Mobile BWA) There is a historic shift from PC’s to mobile devices for Internet access. Technologies that enable users to seamlessly and easily use these networks are needed. 3 A Heterogeneous Wireless Network: UMTS+WiFi Current cellular systems are As a result, some cells limited in flexibilities in that could be congested cellular architectures are fixed because of temporary and bandwidth allocation events, such as traffic cannot dynamically adapt to accidents and sports instant network change. events. Proposal: introduce MANET over cellular networks to divert traffic. Existing work: iCAR: diversion station has only cellular interface UCAN: high-date rate, within a cell 4 2 Physical Characteristics of the HWN system MH2 Traffic Diversion Station #1 Mobile Host #1 TDS3 TDS2 Base Station #1 BS2 MH4 MH3 MH5 Cellular Interface Ad Hoc Interface BS: no change from the current UMTS BS TDS: with both cellular and ad hoc interfaces, deployed close to the borders of a cell MH: with only A-interface, C-interface, or both interfaces.
    [Show full text]
  • View on 5G Architecture
    5G PPP Architecture Working Group View on 5G Architecture Version 3.0, June 2019 Date: 2019-06-19 Version: 3.0 Dissemination level: Public Consultation Abstract The 5G Architecture Working Group as part of the 5G PPP Initiative is looking at capturing novel trends and key technological enablers for the realization of the 5G architecture. It also targets at presenting in a harmonized way the architectural concepts developed in various projects and initiatives (not limited to 5G PPP projects only) so as to provide a consolidated view on the technical directions for the architecture design in the 5G era. The first version of the white paper was released in July 2016, which captured novel trends and key technological enablers for the realization of the 5G architecture vision along with harmonized architectural concepts from 5G PPP Phase 1 projects and initiatives. Capitalizing on the architectural vision and framework set by the first version of the white paper, the Version 2.0 of the white paper was released in January 2018 and presented the latest findings and analyses of 5G PPP Phase I projects along with the concept evaluations. The work has continued with the 5G PPP Phase II and Phase III projects with special focus on understanding the requirements from vertical industries involved in the projects and then driving the required enhancements of the 5G Architecture able to meet their requirements. The results of the Working Group are now captured in this Version 3.0, which presents the consolidated European view on the architecture design. Dissemination level: Public Consultation Table of Contents 1 Introduction........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Breitbandtechnologien Und Ausbauszenarien
    Technologie-Übersicht Seite 0 von 67 Breitbandtechnologien und Ausbauszenarien Überblick über die Technologien Stand 20.01.2017 Gefördert durch: Überblick über die Technologien Seite 1 von 67 Breitbandtechnologien und Ausbauszenarien Übersicht Abbildungsverzeichnis ................................................................................................ 2 I. Einleitung ............................................................................................................. 5 II. Begriffserklärungen .............................................................................................. 7 III. Technologievarianten ....................................................................................... 8 III.1 DSL – Digital Subscriber Line ........................................................................ 9 III.2 HFC – Hybrid Fibre Coax ............................................................................ 10 III.3 LWL - Lichtwellenleiter ................................................................................ 11 III.4 Funktechnische Systeme ............................................................................ 13 III.5 Fazit ............................................................................................................. 15 IV. Offener Netzzugang – Open Access .............................................................. 17 V. Netzmigration .................................................................................................. 18 Anhang 1 – DSL – Digital Subscriber Line...............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Channel-Aware and Queue-Aware Scheduling for Integrated Wimax and EPON
    Channel-aware and Queue-aware Scheduling for Integrated WiMAX and EPON by Fawaz Jaber J. Alsolami A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Applied Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2008 c Fawaz Jaber J. Alsolami 2008 ISBN: 978-0-494-43577-9 I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract By envisioning that the future broadband access networks have to support many bandwidth consuming applications, such as VoIP, IPTV, VoD, and HDTV, the inte- gration of WiMAX and EPON networks have been taken as one of the most promis- ing network architecture due to numerous advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness, massive-bandwidth provisioning, Ethernet-based technology, reliable transmissions, and QoS guarantee. Under the EPON-WiMAX integration, the development of a scheduling algorithm that could be channel-aware and queue-aware will be a great plus on top of the numerous merits and flexibility in such an integrated architecture. In this thesis, a novel two-level scheduling algorithm for the uplink transmission are proposed by using the principle of proportional fairness for the transmissions from SSs over the WiMAX channels, while a centralized algorithm at the OLT for the EPON uplink from different WiMAX-ONUs. The scheduler at the OLT receives a Report message from each WiMAX-ONU, which contains the average channel condition per cell, queues length, and head-of-line (HOL) delay for rtPS traffic.
    [Show full text]
  • Wimax Integrated Networks Based on Auction Process
    A Hybrid Bandwith Allocation Algorithm for EPON- WiMAX Integrated Networks Based on Auction Process Mohamed Ahmed Maher ( [email protected] ) Egyptian Russian University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3409-4407 Fathi Abd El-samie Menoua University Osama Zahran Menoua University Research Article Keywords: EPON, WiMAX, DBA, QoS, throughput, time delay. Posted Date: August 30th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-706217/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/22 Abstract Integration of Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) and WiMAX technologies is viewed as a great solution for next-generation broadband access networks. In the systems adopting this strategy, weighty bandwidth allocation schemes are fundamental to full the quality of service (QoS) and fairness requirements of different trac classes. Existing proposals to overcome the bandwidth allocation problem in EPON/WiMAX networks dismiss collaboration between the self-interested EPON and WiMAX service providers (WSPs). This study presents a novel EPON-based semi-dynamic bandwidth allocation (S-DBA) method that shows points of interest in the integration process. In the proposed algorithm depending on the auction process, the optical line terminal runs an auction to adequately post the optical network unit bandwidth that distributes the most elevated bidders based on the measurement of the accessible bandwidth. Simulation results demonstrate massive upgrades compared with fair sharing using dual-service-level agreements, ‘limited service’ interleaved polling with adaptive cycle time methods, bandwidth allocation strategy using Stackelberg game, and bandwidth allocation strategy using coalition game regarding the quality of service parameters such as throughput and time delay.
    [Show full text]
  • Power Saving Techniques in Access Networks
    Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Departamento de Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores Wojciech Hajduczenia Student number: 2009123988 Power saving techniques in access networks. 24 July 2013 Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra Departamento de Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM ENGENHARIA ELECTROTÉCNICA E DE COMPUTADORES POWER SAVING TECHNIQUES IN ACCESS NETWORKS WOJCIECH HAJDUCZENIA STUDENT NUMBER: 2009123988 JURY: PRESIDENT: MÁRIO GONÇALO MESTRE VERÍSSIMO SILVEIRINHA SUPERVISOR: HENRIQUE JOSÉ ALMEIDA DA SILVA MEMBER: MARIA DO CARMO RAPOSO DE MEDEIROS COIMBRA, 24 JULY 2013 i. Abstract Our modern society interacts with the surrounding through various electronic devices, causing ever growing demand for energy around the world. Energy usage of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) devices in Portugal (based on reports of Portugal Telecom) are examined in this thesis, along with current trends around the world. Various characteristics (components, protocols, software and traffic periodicity) of known access technologies, including wireless, wired optical and copper media, were examined in detail while performing the study of energy consumption in the access networks. Detailed analysis of power saving methods meeting the contracted Service Level Agreements (SLAs) was also carried out. Ways to save power were classified into active (requiring adaptation to the load conditions with the use of algorithms and software), passive (more efficient components) and hybrid (combination of active and passive methods). To study the potential for power saving in various access network architectures, a data trace analysis software was developed in Matlab environment. This program examines user activity profiles based on real data traces, performing necessary aggregation for selected activity profiles, and calculates overall power consumption and power saving potential while taking device characteristics into consideration.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of On-The-Go Reference Service Using Mobile Technology in Library
    10 A Study of On-the-Go Reference Service Using Mobile Technology in Library Subhajit Panda Abstract Libraries all over the world are continually reinventing themselves to meet changing community needs and the increasing opportunities and associated challenges that modern and evolving technologies bring. In response to the current pandemic and to follow the government guidelines about the remote learning program libraries & librarians face a huge need for real-time information from the faculty, staff member, students, and researcher. On another side, financial crisis & cutting budget, unavailability of adequate staff, user awareness, etc. are the main issues faces by libraries while try to adopt new technologies for accepting the challenges & issues created by this pandemic. On this point, mobile technology, as an economical & affordable technological solution that helps libraries to keep abreast of the dynamically changing needs of their clientele and identify the way of delivering user-centered services by surveying the user needs. The current study examines the exponential growth in the mobile communication system, both in terms of technology (generation) & user count, after considering the needs of the user community. Besides, the study sets out the basic steps for introducing a mobile reference service in a library, as well as its future uses and benefits. Email id: [email protected] 84 Re-Envisioning Roles and Responsibilities of Library Professionals in… Keywords: Digital reference services, Mobile generations, 0G, 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, Mobile reference services, Mobile technology, Reference service, Future trends Introduction There is no doubt that Mobile phones have become an inseparable part of everyday life. Jacobs observes that “everywhere we go we cannot help but notice the number of mobile devices being used; cell phones, iPod, MP3 players, GPS systems, blackberries, and even mini-laptops.
    [Show full text]