Labor And The War By Morris Hillguit

Socialist Leadership

By Max Eastman

Arturo Giovanitti In Chicago

Recognize Russia! By John Reed

A Poem Of Paris In War By Inez Haynes Irwin of the moment! The book STUDY SOCIALISM THIS SUMMER IRELAND 17 Special 2-week Vocation Courses. Ist Section: July 15th to 27th. A STUDY IN NATIONALISM 2nd Section: July 29th to Aug. 9th. BY During Your Vacation work, you, can, cover ine “Troe it eres ol ie in fee drow, att, sng women, Hackett oak’ 1 gli" 2 weeks Sloatay of dally “uecaweekeourece Booklet on eave Francis BERTHA HOLLEY, Tr . Public Buble Speak Speaking | BP iaat 40th Street, Iii, Socialist Party Organization ‘New ork IV. Literature and Life Y, Science Music and and! Society Life Vit ‘Contemporary Economic Prob- of Socialism TX. VIE, Woman History in Industry ‘The facts in the Irish case (especially the X. Interpretation of Sotial Statistics INTERIOR DECORATION economic), the explanation of the facts and 7 Other Courses; ond Enplish—All Gredes, ANTON HELLMANN will continue his in i aistlual lastruciton fora mall Every elass element at) is a way of reconstruction. It is critical, Sitilo taroughout the interior summer.” inaiedad rom partially informative and enables the reader SOME OF THE INSTRUCTORS SF the theory harmonious othe sketching’ and building of judge for himself. ‘The chapters are Scott Nearing, Dr. H. W, L. Dana, Coton the sucessful ream See to Algernon Lee, Alexander Trachten- grouped under the general heads of Causes, O'Neal, August Claes- of Reamall home and Spartment. The course Consequences and Remedies. sens, berg, Eugene James Schoen, Herman Ep- SF sdSpted to mest individual requirements At all. bookstores, $2.00 stein, David P, Berenberg. ANTON HELLMANN Add parcel post for 2 Ibs. Matias $10; $5.00 a wack oe al ou Decorator Seventegn Now West Yoru Eighth City Street PUBLISHED BY indy tots bout tc Wreforfrecprspecta Telephone —Stussesent 4083 B. W. HUEBSCH Rand School of Social Science 225 Fifth avenue New York 1 East 15th Steet [Now York City

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"| THE LIBERATOR CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Cornelia Barns Ellen La Motte Eprror, Max Eastman Howard Brubaker Robert Minor Manacino Eprror, Crystal Eastman K, R. Chamberlain John Reed Associate Eprtor, Floyd Dell Hugo Gellert Boardman. Robinson Arturo Giovannitti Louis Untermeyei Published Monthly by the Charles T. Hallinan Charles W. Wood Liperator Pustisinc Co., Inc Helen Keller Art Young 34 Union Square East, New York City Subscription Rates: Copyright, i 1918, 1930 Usion by. the ‘Squares Liberatgr New Publishing York Co, Toe. Avilication for entry as second clase mater at the post office $1.50 Year. Half Yearly, 75 cents. Foreign, $2.00. a0 New ark ty pending Rates on Bundle Orders: and to’ Newsdealers on Application

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nation Exodus—17 Beier “And it came to pass, when Moses held up his a stone and put it under him, and he sat thereon. hand, that Israel prevailed; and when he let And Aaron and Hur stayed up his hands, the down his hand, Amalik prevailed. one on the one side, and the other on the other side; and his hands were steady until the going “But Moses’ hands were heavy; and they took down of the sun.” THE LIBERATOR

Vol. 1, No. 5 ‘July, 1918 tion of American participation, will do nothing which Editorials might retard that fight. BOTH upon the side of the opposition and upon our The instincts of men incline them to unite in war- ‘own side, we are suspected of fare, and only a clearly out-standing conception of a certain amount of duty camouflage in what we say editorially in THE or of interest to the contrary can withhold them. Lipskator, A humorist in the Evening Post The growing menace of a Prussian victory, the in- was very creasing power of genially amused at what seemed to him a sudden ap- labor and internationalist elements preciation in ou May among the Allies, the President's peace terms, the number of the strong points of German President Wilson's character. No doubt he never invasion of Socialist Russia, the refraining read any of our of the Allies from such invasion, and the Lichnowsky writings in The Masses but merely revelation accepted a newspaper impression of of Germany’s original war-purpose, have what they were, served to confuse or to remove and I was genially amused at him when I reflected altogether any such that those’ paragraphs in my outstanding motive among the majority of Socialists. article which dealt with And thus by a combination the President's character were written in the spring of natural instinct with the of 1917. logic of events, a certi in degree of “sacred union” , has come into We do not expect to convince the newspapers or the existence in America, as it did in Europe, Post Office of anything, but we do even though the adminstration upon its side stoutly expect our readers declines to accede to it. to understand that we are not saying things in this magazine that we do not think are true. We have Even our educational arm is in half suspense. It has kept afloat so far in spite of the become a high crime to swear at the government, and difficulties that lie in a soap-boxer who can’t the way of a Socialist press, but when it becomes swear at the government, is necessary to paint pictures on the outside of our for all practical purposes paralyzed. There is a lan- opinions, we are going to sink. guage of crimson belligerence in which the Socialist propaganda has always been conducted, and as this Socialist ‘opaganda was never before heard of by certain Leadership members of the President’s ‘LEADERSHIP cabinet, they naturally of the social revolutionary move- assume that it is concocted for the express purpose of ment in this country is in the hands of the Socialist blocking the war program. Party The only safe place to as never before. It is for the time being a pray or make a stump speech is in your own chamber Purely political movement. Socialist. action in after having shut the door. the industrial field has become practically impossible. In these circumstances The opinion that there is only one thing left German victory would be a disaster is to do—elect individuals that are socialists to Congress. (as it always has been) almost universal among Amer- Elect them on a platform of socialism. ican socialists. Today the Allied Armies are fighting ‘The platform at Saint Louis to prevent was not adopted for a German victory, and the Socialists, what- these elections. It was not adopted in these circum- ever they may think of Allied diplomacy in the past, stances, It bears no relation and to a world in, which there whatever their judgment upon the historic ques- exists a soviet republic in danger of annihilation from THE LIBERATOR self-government to take calling to us for four kinds of help. understood, and indu: strial four quarters and political working- model that we call It bears no relation to a war in which the international the place of that peace terms proposed by that republic have been em- democracy. of our country. bodied in the organized war program Too Simple Let it stand—with its faults and virtues—as a monu- Mark Twain life used to consist of the principle of inter- WN the days of ment of .our sincere truth to thing after another.” Today it consists conceived it to apply at that hour. “one damn nationalism as we of every damn thing at once. There never was so com- Our business now is to draft a platform for the con- in the world—never a situation in platform that will make clear plex a situation gressional elections—a which it would be more difficult to speak general that we stand for the revolutionizing of all industry In such a situation most people by the British truth with assurance. along the lines outlined in the abstract who have to talk and write, and maintain a reputation Labor Party, and being put to the test of extreme opinions, make some artificial and false of Russia. for holding experiment by the ruling proletariat simplification of the facts, and by ignoring every de- For my part I advocate in that platform a generous tail that contradicts it, become more cocksure and con- recognition of the statement of war aims that Presi- vinced of themselves than ever. They set up a little dent Wilson has dictated to the allied countries. I autocracy in their own brains, and suppress the voice should like my record and the record of my party, in of any fact or idea that shows a disposition to rebel. having opposed the war when we did not know, or ‘The editor of the New York Tribune conducts this have any basis on which to guess, what its concrete kind of a government within himself, and I think he aims were, to stand as a guarantee of the vigor and has ahard time of it. I infer this from the fact that independence with which we will hold out for the he i always trying and sentencing people under the material realization of those aims now that we do espionage law. Almost every mornin he gives one know what they are. or two of us a 20 year sentence for disagreeing with ‘They have been more fully developed, and developed him. And when a man is as busy condemning other with more disregard of diplomatic precedent, by the people as that, you can be sure there is something of British Labor Party, which is convinced that these what he condemns in himself. he Tribune editor aims can only be realized through the solidarity of the has occasional wayward impulses to recognize the working classes of the world. I believe that the So- reality—the unspeakably complex reality that con- man today—and he is sincerely cialist Party of America should join the British Labor fronts the mind of Party and the Socialists of France and Italy and Bel- alarmed lest these impulses get the upper hand, and gium in endorsing President Wilson’s war-aims, and spoil his facility as a purveyor of smooth and durable developing their implications. bourgeois opinions. On the other hand, in this country, I think we should The Silver Chord lift up the banner of Free Speech afd electrify our ‘A FROSTY silence, blank as the wide spaces as no other party will sincerely do, with (OF drifted snow, broods on the brilliant air. campaign; Green lakes of ice lie in the white embraces that immediate national issue. That America, while Of windswept meadows, under skies as bare. taking the lead in the statement of democratic war Beyond, shrouded in smoky rose, the hills. in the A pale bright sun, enmeshed in sombre boughs, aims, should fall behind every one of her Allies ‘Threads these with ruddy haze. And quiet fills defense and preservation of her own democracy and ‘The hollows where the shadow-bringers drowse. encroachments of military Quiet is resonant as some deep bel her own liberty against the Beauty like music echoes in the brain. hysteria, is an ominous thing that free men can fight ‘The snow-lit clarity is palpable. even while they are fighting the German imperial Here is profound appeasement—here is pain. Only the infinite impersonal moves power. And this fight for the right to speak must be So poignantly the finite heart that loves, won evel morning, if our civilization is ever to be Babette Deutsch.

July 1918 FROM BAD TO WORSE OWING to the Republican Party's present shade, it may place in the be assumed that the Roosevelt-Taft was without annexations or indemnities, peace

"HE President properly says, “politics are adjourned.” But the administration should remember that in a meat scandal they are in indulging prerogative, encroaching upon a Republican "THE merger of the express companies under government Partnership is an admirable move to eliminate the wastes of competition and has the added merit of being scarcely more than three-quarters of a century late. HAT Minnesota soldier who got 15 years for to be vaccinated ma refusing regard himself as an excellent ex- ample of what the Pre: sident saved us from,when the court martial bill. he squashed J §s improperly charged that the newspaper publishers Were over-zealous in their opposition to the zone postal Provision. All they said was: “Woodrow, spare that tree.” MONG life’s little ironies is the way our “patriotic” ress supports the White, or pro-German government of Finland against the Reds. Pressians, They might be called the “PRUSSIAN electoral reform,” says the N. Y. Evening Post, “is hanging in the balance.” Yes, but it is hanging by the neck, the trouble is, NTI-SUFFRAGE organizations have gone ‘out of busi- ness in New York and in Great Britain, but the New York Times will go down with its boots on.’ After study. ing the enrollment statistics it finds that New York women lous in the public service than men, T'S sorrow over this discove the Kaiser's regu- lar Mond: morning weep over the desolation in France, ALL SI RE) says that McAdoo’s increase in rates is CULTURE post-mortem vindication of the railroads. The people “Oh, Mamma, see the air-plane!” i will not object to any kind words about the departed as long. “Evangelina, how many times as they are sure he is departed for good, to point? must I tell you not AS We understand the aspirations of the Czecho-Slovaks the Jugo Slavs, nothing is the smell, to be left of Austria but The Score Board "HE admirers of a major general who is not so prominent ANOTHER run goes up. A thousand throats as he used to be, seem to think that the government's *~ Are torn with jubilant and raucous cheers, motto is, “knock Wood.” God's in His heaven again; the gray sky clears, RESIDENT Wilson has decreed Swept by this burst of bright, ecstatic notes. that Congress shall stay The brassy summons of a bugle floats in Washington all summer and try to think. Congress- Through the wide men got exemption from the supertax but not from the square, and falls on heedless loafing order anti- ears. ‘The crack of ash is all that each one hears HE peevish chairman of the Ways and Means Com- As, deaf to war’s old trumpeting, he gloats, mittee thinks that Washington in the summertime is too hot for Kitehin work. An old, blind beggar squirms among the crowd Go Asking “what score” and “who’s at bat up there?” G from bad to worse— His nervous hands drurn on The bugle grows insistent. the empty cup. DE AYED reports from the Britishers who plugged up ‘Thunder But a proud brugge indicate that they had of mightier music splits the air a corking good time. Triumphantly. Another run goes up! Howarp Brupaxen, By Louis Untermeyer.

SELECTING A PERFECT JURY By Arturo Giovannitti 1. W- fundamentals of human nature, when I entered the spacious P OF ll the radical organizations in the country, the Judge Sure Landis in the Federal Bi uilding in Chi- W. seems to me the luckiest. Unlike other opposition courtroom ied of bodies that must continually distill their brains to find some- cago. the defendants that were out to do in order to survive, the I. W. W. has never had, As I took my seat among my board- thing (for T also was a defendant and, alas for and perhaps never will have, to worry about its job, When- on bail friend had got me out on bail), fever a war, or an earthquake, or any cataclysm takes place Gnd-room bill! a misguided me, I tried to of charity a strange feeling suddenly crept through and the I. W. W. returns to the tenderer feelings emotions and felt terribly perplexed at the abso- begins to be alarmed by the ferrible doubt analyze my and piety, and and meekly, without perhaps there is something good and decent about, the Tate lack of them, Be it said humbly im- that steps in, yanks it boastfulness or irreverence, I felt neither awed nor management of the universe—somebody of unappreciation its brotherly embrace of the ‘common cause” and tells pressed, Worse still, I felt a disquieting off rotten Imy own importance. What was I doing there, and what, it persuasively that everything is truly and positively doing? Everything looked so to fight sav- indeed, was everybody else —thereby throwing it back into its old corner and so out of place, just because everybody was S0 tunreal y against everything and everybody I felt miserably at home. being terrorized familiar. Sometimes it is a chief of police who, was Bill Haywood, there was George Andreytchine; by the idea that the I. W. W. might join the army in a body, ‘Here Vincent Saint John, Jack Law, stops their agitation for a 17 hour workday for all children over there Charles Ashleigh, to the Miller, and then—Wobblies below § and all adults above 93 Sometimes it is the Post Ralph Chaplin, Francis Wobblies as far Office that stops their papers for openly advocating treason right of them, Wobblies to the left of them, in the form of a raise in wages, and thus returns it to the as the eye could see. Why, it did not look like a trial at all, pleasanter pursuit of raising hell. Some other times pa- it looked like a convention. drive hundreds of its mem- There was nothing staid and solemn and dignified about triotic and law-abiding citizens exciting. or mysterious—not even bers into the desert for being caught in flagrant possession the whole affair—nothing even not of Liberty Bonds while on strike. And some other times the hope or dread of a sudden revelation, and, alas! quiet, and therefore under strong romance—the only girl indicted with the bunch having been when it is disturbingly case. suspicion of having been converted to the cause of Allied hurriedly rushed ont of the 115 ordi- democracy, a bunch of Christian gentlemen dispatch one of ‘How different it would have been if instead of best leaders to plead that cause by lynching one of nary looking men there had been five or six German. spies, their its favorite organizers with a rope. Standard Oil magnates, or Reno divorceables—anything or ‘This time, just when the German drive into Russia had anybody but I. W. Ws, these incorrigible saboteurs of all convinced all radicals that Propricties, these upsetters of all etiquettes, these spoilers about conclusively and definitely the Kaiser must be kicked off the earth, and the T. W. W. of all rituals was on the verge of disbanding under the old name to re- Instinctively one felt that, in spite of the tragic possibili- constitute itself into a patriotic legion and fight for God and ties of the case, the boys’ mental equilibrium had not been intervened and saved it altered in the least; they were no more concerned about this Country, Mr. Gregory promptly than they had ever been about anything of normal im- from self-destruction by bringing the whole bunch to the trial dock. portance in their lives, sickness, or recreation, or house ‘And thus, while every other revolutionary organization taoving. They were there quietly and simply as they might is up in the air worrying itself into a state of comatose at have been in any other place where the common affairs of the thought of its uselessness outside of the battlefield, the men are discussed and settled. The lure of the sunshine of the Department ontside the courtroom was strong upon all of them, but the I, W. W. through a special dispensation call to duty was stronger. of Justice, finds itself again in the old field and can go forever serenely along the old accustomed paths of opposition, with- ‘Temporarily at least, this magnificent vagabondia, out losing a tittle of its self-respect. on the quest of the dream, has been caught in the meshes ‘Where does this extraordinarily lucky misfortune of the of the great American snare of all the joys and beauties of 3‘ I. W. W. come from? life, “business before pleasure. ‘The answer is very simple. It is not the creed of the When in the course of the rollcall, after a few polite organization, it is not its action, it is not even its’ reputation “Here, sir's!" and a few formal “Present’s,” Reddy Doran is just the mystic power of its cryptic name, the dread- thundered in a stentorian voice “On the job!”, the keynote ful abracadabra of the three letters that compose it, and of the whole ceremony was finally sounded and the entire which now twelve men good and true are called upon to show was explained. Indeed, the I. W. W. was on the job, battle against and exorcize. One wonders truly what would on the biggest and hardest job it had ever undertaken, ‘become of this trial if the I. W. W. had spelled its name with an innocuous X and two meek, lawabiding Qs! ‘As soon as the examination of the prospective jurors be- ‘gan, the real importance of this trial became apparent. The ‘This is what I was thinking on April sst, the only inter- examination, the purpose of which was solely to discover the twelve fair and impartial men, regardless of whether they national date still observed in universal reverence to

July, 1918 9 had any acquaintance with the law, soon became a test of beings the mentality, the intelligence and the education are involved in it ‘They were getting educated— of the aver- worse still they were begin age American people. After a few questions had been asked, the curtain ig to enjoy the prelude before the veniremen themselves realized this, and grew nervous went up. ( and uneasy, some looked as wretched as if ‘The prosecution had used three challenges out of six, and ‘were on trial. they themselves it was clear that it had to use the other three the same way. ‘The prosecuting attorney was The defence had only used one out of its ten their chiefly concerned about Ie looked bad for the forces of light challenges loyalty, their family tree and their pocketbook. He the jury was and justice, for obviously asked them all sorts of impertinent questions—what business learning something that no impartial jury ought they were in, how much property toknow. Tt had delved somewhat deeper than a judicial mind they dealt they owned, what banks Ought, into the profundities of socialism, with, whether they ever owned a dachshund, trial unionism and all syndicalism, indus- were fond of sauerkraut, and related questions of equal that no man such other isms, whose chief idea is moment. It seemed from what he asked that the prerequisite ought to mind only his own affairs and leave of the ideal juryman is to be a substantial citizen, well enough alone, Intelligent people, people with even a investor, and an arrant ignoramus a shrewd faint understanding of the question at issue were not wanted, Jems of today. of the great social prob- This was not to be a debating society, leisurely and serenely discussing an academy of savants Chief Counsel for the defence was George Vanderveer, a and not ideas’ (even though ideas keen-eyed, sharp-featured man always on the qui vive. He facts were on trial) —it must be an old-fashioned was very courteous, almost suave—a strange legal brawl between two sets of barn-storming lawyers, with ‘one who has the reputation incongruity for twelve dozing men deciding for the one that of a legal bulldog. It howled the smile to hear such a hawk made me loudest and knew the least about the subject. for fear chirp and twitter like a starling ‘The prosecution felt (and if of disturbing the mental placidity of the squirming acted on this feeling) it did not openly say so, it and perspiring jurors. Tt reminded me of the amazement W. W. that to know anything about the 1. I felt the first time I saw a formidable looking bagpipe and was to sympathize with it, and perhaps it was right, suddenly heard issuing from it a gentle lamentation It would have challenged old John D. himself, if that pal. f some extraordinary bellowings. instead ladium of all our liberties and morals had been’ studying the The questions Vanderveer asked the literature of the I. W. W. and socialism. Imagine how ‘good examination paper jurors would make a could proceed with a panel that had never heard ‘mics for the average student of eco things before, and had now found of such to flunk through. He was less concerned about thei Hot from the testimony a thing or two about them, bias against Socialist movements than about their true very of detectives and spies, but from the knowledge of them. As I followed him attentively lips of the defending attorney,'with the gracious per. after hour and realized how ferociously hour mission of Judge Landis, erudite he was, 1 And so at the right thanked my good luck that I shall never be called to serve being questioned, moment some talesman declared, upon on such a jury. My respect for lawyers has considerably Phone that someone had asked him over the tele- increased since I heard Vanderveer—also my determination whether he was going to vote the socialist ticket at to the election of that week. That—triumphantly keep away from them, Prosecution—was proof declared the Naturally most of the veniremen had never heard conclusive and absolute that the 1. socialism, Karl Marx, surplus value, of W. W. had been tampering with the jury. Whereupon it instinct of acquisition the minimum wage, the was moved that the whole panel be dismissed. Out the and the fallacies of bimetalismbut them! with few who had, were promptly challenged by the prosect- And out they went into tion. One of them, a young man of thirty, had all the these two hundred the snowstorm that was raging qualifications for a lord chief executioner of men of law and order who had come ia he employed labor, he belonged the 1. W. W. from the sunshine, an old fashioned to the middle class, he was The second panel is being examined as I write democrat—better still he had’ studied Pressions, I have read that Judge these im- Political economy, and best of all he had studied Landis, overruling an many, where political economy it in Ger- objection of the Government attorney, has declared his militarists shoots strikers and puts anti- tention of allowing the defence to introduce in- in the penitentiary. evidence purporting to all kinds of ‘The defense passed him on his single statement that he hhave created prove the industrial conditions that believed in the right of workingmen to organize—but and are fostering the I. W. W. Ii so, for the Prosecution challenged him peremptorily the first time in the history of America, and so far as I know, of Parent reason for no other ap- the world, the whole industrial system is going to be than that he was not ignorant enough of the tigated and twelve men are going to inves Subject he was to pass judgment upon. few men pass judgment not on a However, after six days of grilling and arguing, but on the whole of organized society. obvious that the rest of the unexamined it was However bewildering such a thing is, I believe it will in the back veniremen who sat actually take place. Anything is liable to take of the room were becoming interested. They no America, especially if it is left to place’ in longer wore the hunted look of a hunch-backed, lame and 1 liked Judge Landis, "| one-armed volunteer who is about to appear naked before him from the first, in spite of my congenital bias the examining board. They had caught strange against judges; and were I not afraid of appearing irreve- turbing phrases on the wing and dis- rent, I should say he is a fine fellow. But perhaps he won't room. as they fluttered around the big tind, for he wears no gown and does Mr. Vanderveer had managed to inform them that ikon on that ridiculous not stand stil like an there was such a thing as a labor question involving a class bargain counter long bench that looks more like a struggle and a fundamental change of the social fabric than the sacred shrine of the law. When that the most important and hhe comes in and the audience gets up, he makes @ fon-com interests of the most regular human mittal sweep of the hand which seems to say

THE LIB wl go the int He will turn loose on the I. W. W. Jt isn’t my fault, you know; it’s the custom; but you must nis be severe. I ‘and where he has E not been unfair he will not take it too seriously eer the first day of the trial, when I rose And when the court crier begins his daily “Hear ye sar this impression called. the cocorico of Chantecleer, and then to tell him that my name had not been Hear ye!, ete.” like your name?” he thundered in a fine basso-canta- whittles it down to a mere whisper, so that you don't get the ‘What's meekly, trying to make it sound as final flourish at all—you can’t help thinking that it's the bile voice. I told him allow me. He has queered him. tumGerman as my fierce Italian “R” would amused look of the judge that prosecutor for a few seconds, then veered Yes I like him weil, but my liking is purely of the surface Consulted with the accusing finger at the helpless it has to do only with an admiring contemplation of the Ground, levelled a terribly bellowed As a matter of fact target of the most stupid smile I ever attempted, and aesthetics and exteriorities of the law. wrath that sounded like the crack of doom, T believe him to be a dangerous man—one of those very few with a withering as YOU are concerned, men (thank God), who still really believe in the law. Tam “You have been dismissed. So far always afraid of just judges. Mr. Landis is one of them, this case is over. You GO!” this arrant mis- He appears to’ me to be one of And in spite of my appealing look against nd there lies the danger. justice, I had to withdraw and meditate outside those who want the law applied ‘iter: —who believe that carriage of Uncle Sam had played on no man ought to be h inged with a halter if the statutes pro- ‘on this costly April fool joke that way from implies a certain amount me, for I had borrowed the money to go all the vide for a hempen rope. ‘This also to find this ou of sympathy during a tria not even a bit of merey at the New York twice that the war has de- end, for merey is exclusively a juridic virtue. But of that T And then some people still whisper do not feel sure. I fear that if a verdict is returned, Jud prived Uncle Sam of his sense of humor!

SPRING COMES AGAIN stale tobacco greeted her nostrils, with the odor CERTAIN tramp sat on a bench in Madison Square. shoulders; She turned away a dis- a bright, warm of sweat and damp woolen things. +4 morning, Not a but few he people had his were bench there, quite as to it himself was dainful nose. Ti 1 call this man a tramp, it is not that he was really of ‘Bum,” she said to her companion, and Annie replied the plodding brotherhood, but that his clothes were rag- “5 asleep. He's all right. ged, greasy, and shapeless, and his forchead sunk between his Not a movement had the man made in all this time. But hhard hands as an outeast’s might be. indeed he was not asleep, and many a drama takes place be- “The day was in Februagg, and the first of the year in which neath an unillumined exterior. the stir of Spring was truly abroad. ‘The winter had been ‘Since six that morning his feet had trod the streets of New Jong and hard: November's snows had their part in the grimy ‘York looking for work, He had set out with six advertise- mud and ice that still cling fo the old brown grass. But, ments from the morning paper in his pocket, and had a1 today, how rapidly these gray snows dwindled, trickling away swered five of them. Of what use to look further? He was beside the walks in broad, shining rivulets! Sounds of dog-tired. His feet smarted. He was hungry, but if a meal trafic danced in the light air. How the noisy, crowding had been put before him, would not have had the heart to eat. sparron ed the coming magic in earth and air and sun, ‘This was not the first winter that hard luck had hit his and how softly the sun’s warmth fell on sparrow’s wing and struggle for a living, nor the first day he had sat on a park pavement, oh leafless twig and human cheek! With all this bench, dreading to go home. During all the years he had fay thawing and cheeping and coquetry of light and br been raising his family the chimera of a steady job had the very stones of New York must have told themselves they played hide-and-seek with him, in employment and out of it. might learn to hope again if such days continued At such hours as the present it concealed itself and its call From Twenty-third Street came two young girls and sat was silent. on the bench where the tramp was. ‘They did not glance at Last week he had broken ice on the streets with m him. ‘They brought a pie in a paper bag to share between fingers and in bitterness of spirit that a man with a tra them-it was near the end of the noon-hour—and weighty should have to stiffen his muscles at such a task. Now that matters were at hand for discussion the weather had warmed there was no more ice to ‘The skirt is the same as the blue Georgette Didn't I ‘This morning he had set out saying that he would look and always look well in that?” not come back until he had found work to do. Many miles of “ut where'll you get the shoes for such a dress, Annie? plodding with wet feet had obscured his resolution. As he If you could have champagne-colored kid, now...” sat there now he scarcely thought of anything. have to wear these black pumps, with- The day’s rejections beat in and out of his brain as mean- “On... . Well, 'll inglessly as the tick of a clock. He had stood in line in a ‘out "Their the spats.” words tumbled in a high-pitched, rapid stream; their shipyard, jostled other ragged elbows in freight-yards, eyes sparkled; their lips smiled, climbed stairs and stifled in offices. He had no tools; he was ‘One of them glanced at the siouching figure at the end of too old; he had not the experience. Could he force some the bench. Her eyes rested on a felt hat pushed off the fore- one to give him work? head by chapped, blunt-fingered hands; on bent and shabby ‘He covered his eyes, for he did not want to Dull

July, 1918

THE SOUL THAT IS SICK—A Drawing by Albert Sterner Within him was a feeling that he would make no more effort, ‘The girls watched him rather fearfully but would sit there and sit and sit. After all it seemed that the winter was broken, This sun ‘The chatter of his two companions on the bench fell upon was warm; the breeze put life into one, his ears but not his brain, He was more impervious than With the Spring he 4 brick wall to the life and stir of could take heart again, and luck might favor him, Then the morning. With a final glance at him the two girls got up, shook the it happened that a bit of pie-crust, the last tid-bit of crumbs from their coats and walked away with the feast, slipped irom the fingers of one of the girls and fell their run-down French a swing, on heels. to the walk. It was the signal for them to explode in giggles This afternoon he would find something and laugh on and on in the inexhaustible torrents of girlhood go home and then he would The tramp did not stir, but within him something warn holding up his head. How many times had he not slunk in suddenly quickened. A fiber came to life under the rills of at night with lagging steps, and sat alone in the Jaughter his mind scarcely felt. Involuntarily kitchen, his head between his hands? head from his tiands he raised his hat one advertisement he had not answered he would try and cast a glance from his tired, blood- now. The shop was at Seventy-second Street; he would walk shot eyes at the girl near him. A strand of dull black hair, a ‘ he must, there was but one nickel fat young cheek white with powder—oh much powder! He would in his pocket. under the crisp green straw of a new poke bonnet... . get a job and all would go well again. Had they own girl was pretties His not been in worse pinches before, and had not the tide al- ways turned? He had not known the’ sun shone so brightly. Its light Once more the blood flowed in his veins, and he no longer dazzled him as though he awoke from a long sleep. His hat felt the stiffness of his limbs. Courage burned again; hope it had fallen in the wet behind him, Through the back tried its wings. He buttoned his of the bench he fished it up, wiped it on the coat, got up, straightened hhand, palm of his his shoulders, and set out. and settled it on his head, ‘Vera Bucu,

SPRING IN PARIS—1917 By Inez Haynes Irwin T is spring in Paris, Hark, for Paris stirs! ‘War-time Paris. Listen, for Paris speaks! No one ever described the beauty And this is all she says, (Of peace-time Paris, “When will it ever end? But Paris in war! ‘All this month, women have gone on strike— ‘Oh God how beautiful it is! ‘Thousands and thousands, ‘Oh God how sad! First the midinettes walked out Everywhere trees ‘And then the women who work ‘Trees and trees and trees and trees! ‘On furs and laces and linens, Today in one street Even the bank-clerks and the laundry-workers, I counted nine rows, ‘All asking for the English week {All with leaves of thin green-gold. And a franc a day more pay. i ‘You could see the sun through I did not know of this And trunks like wet ebony Until one day when I was writing, And, between, the sky ‘Writing some foolish fiction Pressing close Sitting at my window. In flakes of thrilling blue. ‘A noise came to me ‘That's when it’s cool. From the street below. But sometimes it grows warm A noise—I call it that And then great clouds, rose-colored, half-submerged, But it was different from any other noise. Float like galleons, all sails set, It was not groan nor growl In seas of vapory blue. Nor hiss, ‘The horse-chestnut blossoms have come Nor roar, Lifting numberless cones of pinky-white ‘Nor yell, nor scream, nor shriek; Into the dewy air; But there was something in it ‘And violets, wisteria, lilacs, acacias—and now syringas ~ OF all of those. That load the air with scents Tran out on my balcony and gazed down. I tell you when you hear that noise, ‘And fill the heart with ecstasy and tear ‘The little First Communion girls You jump lit white-veiled through the dusty streets ‘And very quickly go somewhere, anywhere, ‘With eyes old-young, in these sad days— It means the people are roused and angry-red ‘Sweet maiden wefts And will not be gainsaid. Fresh from the Virgin's loom. Prompt with the morn Just below in the street, On Jeanne d’Arc’s day, A crowd of girls were storming a door ‘The children came ‘Trying to push and pull and beat and kick it in. To pay her homage Gendarmes were there, keeping them out ‘And soon the little gold girl-warrior But they were very gentle about it, Seated astride her golden charger ‘Wise Gallic gendarmes, Under my window Quiet and calm, trying to soothe the girls; In the Place de Rivoli For those girls were French Stood stirrup-high in blooms; ‘And the French are a people, But it is still strange at dark You remember, Although the long soft dewy, purple twilight Who once tore up a monarchy ‘Makes lingering mock of night, Floating the fragments out of sight ‘There are no lights to flaw the shadows; (Ona river of blood. ‘And heights and depths still die in gloom. Besides poilus had stopped ‘The long street-vistas merge with airy distance. ‘To see what was going on; But stars drop silver tears upon the Seine; Poilus fresh from the trenches And sometimes a young moon comes And fighting a fight To show his sad, pale face. ‘That we thought won; ‘These days the whole world seems to brood Not for labor ‘And whisper But for democracy. : With Paris for her lips. Little broad, stumpy weather-beaten men,

July, 1918 Unwashed, unshorn, Bigger and blacker! Some with beards that seemed to grow Blacker and bigger! Up to the visors of their shrapnel-dented helmets; So far With packs on their backs, That they left great gaunt tunnel-holes ‘Musettes, one slung across each shoulder, In that hopeless yellow skull-face. And thick, heavy shoes upon their feet “You, you, madame, The metal trench-disks upon their wrists “You bought that And the hard brown dirt of the trenches coat at Maison Riche. Ground “You paid three hundred francs, into the herizon-blue of their coats, “Do you know what I was paid for making And sometimes those coats, buttoned back at the ends; it?

ao “Three francs! With quick-glancing eyes, Fiery and sad Another took it up. Eyes that have seen She was blonde, beautiful; For through her milky skin, the color burst What they can’t forget; With the purple pink of grapes And strong, gnarled brown hands ‘New ripened in the sun. Hungry for action. Her eyes set slant-wise I do not know what happened, Turquoises But presently the Gleamed faun-like; girls marched off, Her hair was like a golden glory ‘That was the beginning. Set airy to ensaint her. But after that every day, for days and days, And at the front of her mouth, I met them; All her teeth had gone, Here, there, everywhere, ‘Leaving a few black stumps behind, Two by two, “You, you, madame, Waving the tri-color, “You are rich Singing the Marseillaise; One moment, ‘And we are poor. just girls > ‘That you may wear such things, Laughing, talking among themselves ‘We eat dry bread.” Or flirting a bit; Dumb an instant, Turning to tiger-cats I stood there and looked at them; ‘The instant they reached a shop Shrill-faced, unbeautiful, ‘That they must pull Greasy with the heat ‘Once in that American comer of Paris And smelling of it; Just back of the Opera House, Lustreless, I came across a group of them oily hair, Screaming defiance to a pair of forewomen, Tired eyes; Fat, soft, black satin creatures Muddy faces; With Hard-veined hands, the nails all rimmed with black: shining hair, all done in puffs and waves Eyes spitting hate and voices roaring poison. And many gilded pins And I thought of many things. Who sunned themselves at the window-sill like great sleck But most of all cats, Of labor ‘The while back of them, the shop gloomed empty. And women, “Come down,” screamed those girls, Labor and women, “Come down, you cowards!” ‘Women and labor. “You don't dare come down!” I thought of California And they didn’t dare come down, Although weakly they looked Where labor is strong And tried to smile And valiant and beautiful; Contempt. And of the Labor Council in San Francisco Which I attended every Friday night For one whole year And as I stood back and to one side, Learning lessons in citizenship; Watching breathless, And of the State Convention Suddenly a group of strikers caught sight of me, at Stockton They rushed Where Michael Casey, upon me, beat in my ears with their shrill ‘The handsome, white-haired chief of the teamsters, French, With his “You, you, madame,” one sai clear-grey Irish eyes She was dark and thin. And ringing laugh, Thin! ‘Told me from start to finish Oh God how thin! The terrific story of the Teamsters’ Strike Bones without flesh In San Francisco; And big black eyes ‘Where Sarah Hagan, ‘That had burned their way inward A garment-worker,

THE LIBERATOR

“THE HOUSE OF USHER™—A Lithograph by Albert Sterner

At the close of one long hot day Rocked back and forth in an ecstasy of delight, Talked for two hours on Minimum Wage; ‘And how Johannsen’s golden laugh Pleading against it ‘Waved in the silence like a banner. Because organized women could do better things for women , And I thought of San ‘Quentin ‘Than it could do, And the visits I made there Holding that big roomful of men To the wrecks of the labor-trenches Silent, spellbound. Who will never get the croix de guerre How she scolded them, how she berated them, Nor the medaille militaire; Flouted them, upbraided them, And I thought of Ford and Suhr, Praised them, glorified them, ‘Those two hop-pickers Pleaded with them, ‘Who were given life Besought and begged, entreated them, At Marysville All the time admiring them, Because in Wheatland All the time scorning them, They led a strike Alll the time loving them. Which suddenly foamed into a riot, How Tweitmoe’s heroic bull, Where four men died; Like a Rodin in mirth, And how some women of California

July, 1918

Went to ninety-one unions in San Francisco Labor is not dead; Asking for money for a new trial For women everywhere For those two friendless labor-leaders, Are keeping labor alive, And if any Union refused them money, Women are keeping labor alive, Thave forgotten which it was; ‘Women and labor! And how ninety-one times, I heard Maud Younger say, Labor and women! “It is the glory of the labor movement Of California ‘And I found enough French to say, ‘That it stands by its own, “I am sorry for you. Always, “It is wrong. If they are taken on the field of battle “Some day it will be better. Fighting labor's fight.” “Tam an American,” And how every one of those ninety-one times, “An American!” they repeated. ‘The ninety-first as much as the first, “Ah it is different in America, ‘My eyes filled with tears; “Vive YAmerique! And I thought too “Vivent les Etats Unis! Of all the super-women “Vive la France!” ‘That I'd heard speak And the whole crowd took it up: For women, “Vive 'Amerique Or labor, “Vivent les Etats-Unis! Or both: “Vive la France! ‘Susan Anthony And since then, Who lived for women; T have seen them everywhere— The great Breshkofskaia The striking women ‘Who helped free Russia; On the Rue de Rivoli, And Mother Jones, In the Place Vendéme, The saint and fury of the labor-Aght; On the Grands Boulevards, And Emmeline Pankhurst In the Place de la Bastille, Who made it glorious On the Champs Elysées, For women And whenever they go by, To go to jail. Sometimes hurling curses at us others, And I said to myself: Sipping our tea so comfortably ‘They helped to make this possible!” In the pleasant sidewalk cafés, And I thought of the women, Always I rise Who every spring march on Fifth Avenue And stand applauding Under forests of fags and banners Till they pass; Yellow and white And they And the socialist red always smile at me ‘And ‘Though sometimes tears come too the red-white-and-blue And though I cannot speak with them Which in Old Glory and the tri-color Nor they with me, ‘Now wave side by side; Something passes from eye to eye And I thought, “They too helped to make this possible.” ‘As we look at each other. And I thought of England last fall ‘They know what I am thinking, And that strange Trades Union Congress I saw in Birmingham And I know what they are thinking, ty With sad old men talking of what might be, Women are passing the torch And should be, That the men left burning. And would be ‘They are keeping labor's hearth-fires ablaze, Sometime, They tend the altars, But little word of now; They lift the sacred lamp. ‘Men whose sons And when the men come home, Were fighting in the trenches, Those tired poilus, A fight we thought won, Labor will not be dead. Not for labor No, on the threshold But for democracy. Beautiful as the morning And how my heart sank Calm-browed, star-eyed, And how my soul froze fresh, strong, As I said to myself ‘An Amazon, “Labor is dead!” She will rise up and greet them, But as I looked into the faces of those midinettes, I knew I was wrong, Peace will come some day

THE LIBERATOR 16 ‘And Paris will smile with such a spring-tide bloom ‘As we have never seen. A Cold Blooded Crime ‘The lights will flare and glare at night And all those strange mysteries By O’Brien Geddes Of her sad war-time heart Will vanish straight away KI W Henry McKillvane well. -He was always in

Athensville, anyway, al- Forever, trouble, He had no business in No more will purple dusk is hardly justification for what hap- I realize that though Still it had never ‘Make mystery of her heights. pened, if it should need any justification. anyone else as far as I can No more will growing night occurred to me nor indeed to

‘Merge eternity with her distance— that Henry was capable of committing a capital find out these modern ‘The Seine will be herself again crime, But you can never tell anything about ‘Singing glad under the crescent moon; people who feel called upon to reform everybody they see. The stars will dance with joy, Twas very much surprised at Henry's conduct. And I was Sparkles and shimmers here, hurt, too. For hadn't Athensville always been a comfortable Gleams and glitters there, lustres everywhere— place for the man? I admit that at times we didn’t under- Gay-painted cocottes, soldiers freed from the trenches stand him very well and we might have been guilty of a little And hunting hungrily for joy; rudeness toward him, now and again, but in the broad Cafés, theatres, kinemas, taxis; sense of the word Athensville was kindly disposed, even to ‘The Grands Boulevards filled Henry. Yes, the man was a distinct disappointment to me. With happy, singing, drinking, lovering people. Athensville had been very quiet for two or three months ‘The Place de la Concorde before Henry broke loose. Oi course there was the war Sitting in her marble guard of cities, all about us and there had been that preacher work going on Will offer to the sky in town who had told the folks all about the Turks and the ‘The solemn glory of her wide, storied plane. abominable brutalities they had practiced upon the poor really see that city—not 1. and Armenians, and we were a trifle upset about But I shall never Syrians No, never, never again. that. Then there had been a bit of fecling in regard to so It will be there, brilliant with light and color and noise, many of our colored population being let out of the draft in But I shall not see it spite of our suspicion that they were not telling the exact their age. And maybe there was a little There is only one Paris for me truth with respect to ‘One and only one, and that will always last; tension among some of us when we saw rifles put into the A broken Paris, hands of those who came forward and entered the draft. But Weary, run-down, shoddy, dirty, damp and cold, all in all Athensville was quiet, mighty quiet, and there was Filled with gaunt-eyed, black-veiled women, no cause for any such exhibition of brutal abandon as Henry ‘And with the sad old folk was guilty of. No wonder there is bad blood in the black ‘Who walk with vision drooped upon the past belt, ‘That sort of thing can’t be allowed to pass, and Judge Or eyes uplifted gazing through tears Possum did his simple duty. Nothing but his simple du Into the future, I was standing on the corner by the postoffice with Possum And in the streets, always, when the trouble started, and later I was with the judge and Ever and forever—Poilus the folk from the Hill when the tragedy took place. It was Little, broad, stumpy weather-beaten men ‘a horrible business, a horrible business. It passes belief Unwashed, unshorn, what a man can do in cold blood. I can still feel the awful Some with beards that seem to grow revulsion, that swept me when Henry showed the brute that had been’lurking in him unsuspected by us all. Yes, sir; I Up to the visors of their shrapnel-dented helmets; With packs on their backs, have been living in Athensville for better than half a cen- ‘Musettes, one slung across each shdulder; tury and I have never witnessed the equal of that act. The ‘And thick-soled heavy shoes on their feet; South doesn't record a more cold-blooded murder, cold- ‘The metal trench-disks on their wrists blooded, sir; no temper; face as white as a, sheet and calm And the hard brown dirt of the trenches a piece of rock, and no language of any kind, not a single Ground into the horizon-blue of their coats word. Just the act itself, an unemotional murder if there And sometimes those coats buttoned back at the corners; ever was one. With quick-glancing eyes, fiery and sad, As I said, T was standing beside Judge Possum when the Eyes that have seen first news of trouble was whispered along Jeff Davis Ave- What they can’t forget; nue. It was whispered but it made a greater stir than it And strong, gnarled brown hands would have made if it had been shouted from the housetops. Hungry for action. ‘The old story, of course. Billy Morton's daughter it ‘And I shall see the marching women, and the nigger away with half an hour’s start before the girl regained co All she could Those midinettes, waving the tri-color, remember was that Singing the Marseillaise, and carrying sacredly he was wearing gunny sacks for shoes. That and black, A glory too great for human eyes awful’ black ‘And so unseen to all the world, Before we heard the story there wasn’t a nigger to be seen But floating unstained, inviolate, secure— Just plum disappeared, lit out, and the whole town looking

The flag of labor. for them, for jtim. ’T wasn't more than ten minutes before

July, 1918 W they had him either.” Oh it was the right one, all right he opens his mouth againt to holler they jam a poker into Didn't he confess? You bet he confessed! ‘The whole town his mouth. ‘They want to know, not to guess. Then they heard him. But that was a bit later. take the irons away and ask him if he's guilty and he starts Andy Taylor was for hanging him then and there. There to say “No” again but he hasn’t a chance to say it when he were quite a few who agreed with him, too, but some of the sees some more irons coming and yells, “Yes, boss; 1 sure boys said that there was too much talk about hanging nig- done it, Kill me quick!” gers without taking the trouble to find out whether they Wall, sir; we knew all along that he was the man, and deserved it. No, sir; the nigger they hung this time was the crowd was so heated by his denials that they went a little going to confess! No damned Yankee papers were going to far with him. Even I felt they were going a little sit in judgment on the acts of the citizens of Athensville, far, sir; though there isn’t anything too bad for a niger that defiles No, sit! So some of the boys take the nigger down to Jug- the white race. No, sir! Nothing, sir! gin's Hollow and make him fast to a stake and some of them But they startled even me for a moment start a fire and some of them go over to the blacksmith shop and fetch some irons, rods, you know, and some bits When he admits his guilt the crowd lets out a roar of tire. of wagon righteous indignation and sets upon the nigger. Charged There was going to be nothing irregular about this him with flatirons, pokers, tire-irons, anything that they had lynching, you bet. No, sir! No comeback this time. that had been properly heated. And some of the boys were ‘The fire’s going good by the time they show up with the there ahead to rip his clothes off. They weren't any too irons. Well, sir; that nigger sure did start to holler when gentle about it, either; but the nigger had confessed, and he he saw the irons. couldn't expect any kid-glove handling. We've got to make “Oh, boss; yo! ain't agoin’ to scorch a pore nigger! You examples of them. Can't let that sort of thing pass! No, ain’t agoin’ to bran a pore black nigger what am incent’! sir; we don’t want any mixing of the races... not from Oh, boss; I ain’ never see thet thar white girl! T ain’ never that side. Can't be too quick on the trigger in heerd of thet thar white girl! Oh, boss, you ain’ agoin’ to that. a case like bran’ this here nigger!” I never did hear a nigger carry So they set upon that nigger with the red hot irons and ‘on like that one. got down to business. No, Judge Possum and I didn't mix Well, sir; by that time the whole town was right there in with the avengers. We were over on the knoll with the Juggin’s Hollow to see justice administered. And there was people from the residential district. But we saw it and the ho concensus of popular opinion in favor of taking the Judge will tell you the same story nigger’s bare word for his innocence. No, sir! ‘That was The nigger was yelling like a maniac and the erowd wasn't what the irons were for. ‘That nigger was going to have a exactly silent when all at once we see Henry MeKillvane chance to show how deep his innocence went. Any nigger walk into the crowd and then we hear him say, “Stand will yell that he is innocent. Leave that to him! But this aside!” ‘The crowd opens a little here nigger looked and there we see him stand- guilty. And ing with a he was black as they grow, revolver in his hand, and wore gunny sacks for shoes. As he sat there waiting “Are you going to torture this nigger any more?” he asks, for those irons to heat, the facts certainly were against him, cool enough. And that’s what Athensville thought. No doubt about that. “You just bet we are,” yells the crowd. People couldn't help fast enough with the fires and the irons. So Henry waves them back with his gun for a minute and Yes, sir! Half the kids in town were running home and Tooks as though he's meditating. Then he speaks low to the fetching flatirons and pokers and even curling irons. And nigger and the nigger hollers out: all the time that nigger bawling “Praise be like he thought he could the Lawd!” and Henry raises his gun slow and bellow himself loose. No possible chance, sir! We were takes aim and shoots that nigger through the heart. ‘Then going to find out. To find out! No hasty lynching and no he pockets his gun and walks off without a word. ‘The cold. hasty pardons. We were going to have the truth out of that est-blooded murder T ever see or heard of, The man showed nigger. himself to be incapable of any of the higher emotions. Well, along about twenty minutes, or half an hour the Now a lynching is one thing and a cold-blooded murder irons were hot. Some of the boys, no need to mention names, is another. It wasn’t more than a second until the approached the nigger of Athensville realized people with a couple of red hot pokers. You what had happened. Then they should have seen that nigger wiggle. Never saw the equal. dropped their irons and all went into conference. 've seen Why, you could plumb tell he was guilty by the holler he put too many crowds get their heads together not to know that up and the way he flung himself around. An innocent nigger it meant trouble for Henry. It did, too. ‘That murder had might not have liked it, but would he have yelled like an been so cold-blooded that it turned their stomachs. Yes, sir; Indian, before they even touched him? No, sir; he would it wasn't the decent thing to do, to shoot that nigger as not! But this nigger, damn it, sir, he fairly rent the air though he had been a target, and when he was tied and being with his howls. And it only made the crowd madder. You tormented, too. can’t fool Athensville with the yells of a scared nigger. So in about a minute the crowd lit out after Henry. He No, sir! seemed to expect them. Just shrugged his shoulders. and Some of the boys catch hold of that nigger and hold him handed his gun over. A ‘cold-blooded man, Not the and some of them apply a poker to his foot. you want loose in the town with you sort “Tell us the truth!” the crowd yells. The nigger lets out Oh, yes; of course, Judge Possum couldn't overlook it . a howl and denies it. But the crowd aren’t fooled a little ht under his nose with the whole.town for witnesses. bit . . . not that crowd. They want to know the truth. So Still, of course it was only a nigger, they jam the iron right up against his foot, hard, and when him twelve years, so Possum only gave

“Boys, I Can't Hex

and deprived the army not only of arms but even of food— RECOGNIZE RUSSIA in order to force a separate peace with the Germans? The i HE capitalist press of the Allied countries is loud in its newspapers were full of these things at the time. \dignation against the so-called “Russian betrayal” ‘Then came the Provisional Government, which was an Brest-Litovsk, At the same time, however, it is full of unworkable compromise between the Socialists and the party excuses for the ‘peace treaty signed by Rumania with the of the burgeoisie. This regime was unable, at first, to ac- Central Powers on March 5, 1918; and even justifies the complish any reorganization of the national life. Even the action of the bourgeoisie of Finland and Ukraine in calling breadlines instituted under the Imperial Government were upon German troops to fight their own countrymen. never done away with. The soldiers themselves, if they "Yet the Russo-German peace-treaty was as much a matter could have’ received proper support from the country, would of military necessity as the Rumanian treaty. ‘The Russian have remained in the trenches to defend the country; it was army was demoralized and exhausted; Russian economic their voice and the voice of the Russian masses which had life had broken down. For all this the Bolsheviki are not proclaimed, “No annexations, no indemnities, and the right to blame, Have we forgotten how the Government of the of self-definition of peoples,” and they would have defended ‘Tsar deliberately disorganized the economic machinery of the those terms. But under the pressure of the Allied Govern- country, allowed the transportation system to go to smash, ments, an offensive was commenced in Galicia, and in that

gaily Recognize You!”

wholly abandoned now, and by troops refused to participate Not only that, but they aré in the 8 act the majority of the Russian bent the pressure of Japan in Siberia, greatly weakened ‘After this the bourgeois wing of the Government they are carrying on against the armed to the destruction of the Revolution, continuing heroic struggle all its efforts and even conniving, it is might of the Central Powers. Ger- begun by the Tsar, is at war with the process of Riga, in order to strengthen ‘Por the Russian Soviet Government generally believed, at the fall Under their systematic many—has been at war with Germany since last summer. Siecipling in the ranks of the Army. the factories, to Tt stands to reason that this is so. The Soviet ruling powers Cannaign to starve the workers by closing and are Socialists, and as such, enemies of capitalism, and most Hrene Ben the Soviets by wrecking the transportation of the German Imperial system, the arch- and to erush the soldiers’ committees by di- Of all, enemies They have been fighting eroply system, from the front, Russia was brought exponent of militant capitalism. vetting food and arms ‘The saving of Russia was Germany with the strongest weapon in the world—propa- Jato secomplete disintegration. not happened, the ganda—the only weapon against which the sword is ulti- the Béishevike revolution. If that had mately powerless. This propaganda, not only among the would now be garrisoning Moscow and Petro- the interior of the country, is Garman army German troops, but also in open be- grad. supported by the Allies remarkably successful, Austria is ready to crack Ar Brest the Russians were not German terms. cause of it, and during the Brest-Litovsk negotiations, the and for that reason were forced to accept the

20 THE LIBERATOR entire eastern front! of the German troops was permeated Recognition of the Soviet Government by the Allies will with it to such an extent that the invading force into Russia immediately put an end to the menace of counter-revolution hhad to be made up largely of volunteers irom the western in Siberia, and strengthen immeasurably the Soviet power front. As for the war-prisoners in Russia, they are deeply against Germany. i infected by Bolshevism, and many thousands of them are enrolled in the ranks of the Russian Red "Blake oo| mistake, However: Soviet Russa Wil aot re, their own peoples. Army against enter the war as an ally of the Allies; it will defend itself against the capitalist world. But Germany is the nearest, The Red Army is rapidly being organized—as Lenine worst, and most active capitalist menace. The time has says, “not for defense of nationalistic interests, or Allied aims . . . but to defend the world’s Socialism.” ‘come for the Allied governments to decide whether their It is a hatred is greater for German militarism or Russian Bolshey- compact little well-drilled force, composed of volunteers, ism. Joun Rezo. fot from the old Russian army, but from the untouched re- serves of young revolutionary workers and peasants. According to figures in possession in the United States A CHILD'S POEMS Government, there are at present more than eight hundred and fifty thousand German and Austrian troops now en- By Elsie Stackhouse

gaged in pacifying Ukraine—a country not half as revolu- [Elsie Stackhouse is fourteen years old, the daughter of the tionary as Great Russia, and without any Red Army. The English explorer Stackhouse, who was lost on the Lusitania.) Jatest moves of German diplomacy indicate that the Imperial Government is not at all anxious to attempt the military i PIPES invasion of Soviet Russia. SHRILL and high, But just as the Soviet Government considers the German Shrill and high, Imperial Government its worst enemy, so Germany well Are calling the pipes of Pan; knows that Soviet Russia on her flank is mortal to her mil “Come, come, ta By every means, by commercial and finan- “Leave all and come”— cial pressure, by capturing the food-supplying countries of “I come,” cries the heart of man. the South, Germany is attempting to destroy the Soviets. At the time of the advance into Russia, Prince Leopold of BELLS Bavaria, in an army order, said, “Our aim is not annexation WHICH soundeth sweeter, - but the restoration of order and suppression of anarchy The bells of St. Peter, threatening to infect Europe.” And if this “restoration of order and suppression of anarchy” can be accomplished Bells over the sea, by Japanese intervention, so much the better for Germany. Or bells ringing for tea? For Germany fears not military force; she fears not a Japanese army in Siberia, nor a bourgeois republic in BRICK PATHWAY Russia—whose power of propaganda among German troops BRICK pathway shining red, would be as limited as that of the French Republic. Clean washen, in the sun. Soviet Propaganda, incredibly contagious, is the only thing that Old steps, deep grooven by the tread Germany fears. Allied recognition of the value of Soviet Of men whose work is done. propaganda would be a blow at Germany, At the present moment, however, most of the Allied Gov- MY GARDEN ernments seem to be acting on the theory that it is more im. FDEN if I were in Heaven, I again Portant to defeat the Russian Soviets than to defeat Ger- Would come to see my garden after rai many. In the Brooklyn Zagle the American Consul at Hel. And smell the warm, wet mould beneath the grass, singfors, Mr. Hayes, is quoted as praising the Germans And see the butterflies pass and pass for having restored order in Finland. .. . And the movement From flowers to grass and back again to flowers, for Japanese intervention in Siberia is actuated as much And all the things in by the motive of restoring “law and order” in Russia, England after showers, the rather far-fetched excuse as by fluence.” of combatting “German in. PLAY-TIME The Soviet Government of Russia is there to stay; it is OH why can’t we sleep in the day-time hased on the almost universal will of the Russian And get up to play in the night? At the present masses For the night is a much better play-time moment it is being attacked the Germans, on one side by For scouts, than when all is light! and on the other side by all sorts of bourgeois and reactionary movements based on the Japanese in Siberia, The threat of active, serious Japanese intervention, besides, WISHES hangs over it like a storm-cloud. When Central Russia was JH to be something else than I am— famine-stricken in the past, food could be got either in (Bread and jam, bread Ukraine or in Siberia. Now the Germans have Ukraine, and and jam!) counter-revolutionary hordes are over-running Siberia, Oh to know something else than I know— Russia is being starved from both sides. Its ability (Lawns to mow, lawns to mow!) war to make on Germany is crippled by this and by the possible Oh to love someone else than I do— necessity of making war tspon Japan, (love you, I love you!)

July, 1918 a LABOR AND THE WAR By Morris Hillquit NE of the peculiar paradoxes of the war has been that had never existed. The collectivity of the people—the it has advanced the labor movement all over the world, nation as such—proclaims, if not by word, then by deed, that ‘A great many factors have contributed to bring about this all that we have and own, all that we are, we own and have condition, In the first place, whatever we may think about and are, in trust for the community, and not by virtue of the immediate causes of the war, wherever we may place any alleged sacred rights of the private individual; that all the immediate responsibility for its outbreak, one thing be of the men and women of the world are entitled to the world comes clearer every day, and that is that the responsibility and the fullness thereof for this greatest calamity that has ever befallen mankind, This great recognition of the rights of the human race as does not rest upon the workers. If five years ago we had such over individual rights, is revolutionizing public opinion not had an autocratic, militaristic, capitalist regime in Ger- and is rapidly advancing the cause of the radical labor many and Austria, if five years ago there had been no movement and of socialism. dynasty of Hohenzollerns or Hapsburgs, if five years ago Another feature of the war important in this connection, and Belgium and all other countries of is that for the first time in the history of the United. States England and France Europe had been under the actual government of the workers the large masses of the American people have begun to be of these countries, just as Russia is to-day, we may be sure trained into an appreciation of the spirit of internationalism this tremendous catastrophe would never have happened. Up to the beginning of the war, an internationalist, in the ‘The millions of human lives that have been destroyed and eyes of the average, unthinking American, was a man with- nations of the world, would out a country, a man who had no patriotism. Patriotism wrecked, all the misery of the hhave been spared, if the people, the working class, had stood for the narrow love of one’s own couintry, coupled with ruled instead of their employers. an implied opposition to all other countries, To-day we.are This realization makes an ever stronger appeal to mankind fighting “to make the world safe for democracy”; not the at large, and the working people in particular feel in ever United States alone; not our own country; the world! We finereasing measure that in their unity, in their control, lies are announcing peace programs which affect the entire the hope and the salvation of the world. planet. The principle of international adherence, the recog- ‘Another great feature in this war has advanced the nition that the world does not end with the United States, Iabor and Socialist movements to the first place—the natural and that no nation can be free so long as a single nation instinctive democracy which the war has brought about. anywhere in the World is enslaved, is daily growing upon the I do not mean that democracy which we find in the treaties American people. or in programs; I donot even’ mean that democracy which Estimate the symbolic value of even such simple, prosaic is granted by laws. I mean the impulsive, human democracy, things as our war-bread, for instance. When you get a roll which in the face of a great crisis sees the man and the for your breakfast, the composition of which you can not ? woman behind the person of every class and rank. I mean determine, and when you reflect that all over the country the kind of democracy which comes from a community of similar bread is being eaten, and this means that every man, i struggle, from a community of suffering, and yes, from the woman and child in the United States is giving away part grim impartiality of that great leveler of ali human con- of his best food to people in different European countries, ditions, Death, who is no respecter of persons, and mows who haye no bread at all; when you reflect that we have come down the rich and the poor, the distinguished and the ob- to the point of sacrificing our personal comforts for the ben- same impartial, cruel sweep of his bony sere, with the efit of foreign races whom we don't know personally, then you hand. I mean the democracy which in the face of a world realize that the practical application of the principle of in- struggle and world crisis instinctively discards the artificial ternational solidarity has made more progress in this country distinctions which have been erected in the course of cen- within the last year than it made ina century before, turies between men and men, and women and women. All these are not things desired or designed by anybody ‘Another great tendency in war times which strengthens They do not justify war. But they explain why the indirect the progressive labor movement all ovet the world, is the results of the war have been to strengthen the radical labor institution of collective ownership, management, and con- movement and the Socialist movement all over the world. trol of industries, which has been established in all civilized With all the outery of our reactionary press, and our countries as a war measure. narrow-minded statesmen against the present regime in ‘This so-called war-Socialism is not the Socialism we are Russia, we know that that great country, which has hereto- striving after. It is not a democratic collectivism. It is fore been the strongest resort of the darkest reaction, is to- not a working class collectivism. It is a collectivism im- day the vanguard of democracy and social progress. It is, posed from above, and meant primarily as a war measure. from top to bottom in the hands of the people, the working Still the world can not remain blind to the great fact that class, the peasants. in the face of national and international danger, all con- about the sanctity of private property, and And I believe I ath safe in saying, that for the historian ventional slogans of the future, the revolution in Russia will be of greater the rights of the owning classes, have disappeared as ii importance than the war itself. ‘The war will pass some at the. y! It cannot last forever. But the fact that one of the upon an add delivered iveged at tne vention *This of article ther {s taternstional based Ladies greatest countries in the world has broken away from the Tn'Hoston, apri, 1918. 3H

THE LIBERATOR old capitalistic moorin; igs, has turned a new page in history atastrophe, las been regenerated. It has grown to gigantic ig Proelaimed the rule of the people instead of the rulers— stature, has become a power in the land, a power in the this cannot pass without the most vital effect upon the whole world. ‘The British Labor movement has ¢ ren the world ‘ a future of the human race. new charter. It has turned to a bewildered mankind, in the ‘The present regime in Russia may change, but whether or midst of general chaos wrought by the havoc of war, and not there is any change in the administration, one thing is has sai in substance certain—autocracy, capi lism and oppression are dead in ‘Fellowmen and women all over Russia, the world, look what you have got yourselves into by this inhuman organization of And Russia will recover what she has lost. A. reat modern society. country like Civ: ization will never survive if this form Russia cannot be dismembered forever. one of world organization continues. We must begin renodra People Who have known how to overthrow their Czar after ling the world, We must build it anew. We propose to @ subjugation of hundreds of years, will know how to get build it on the eeaeted ay neutonic despots, and of all other kinds foundation of true democracy, liberty, brother. fempted despotism. of at- hood and equality among nations, with full rights and inde- Russia will remain the land of liberty, pendence for every nation, and equality within each nation. lending inspiration to all other countries of the world, And Russia has not been the only Equality not merely in name, not merely as a political right, country to undergo but equality in life, equality of opportunity such a marvelous transformation. There has been another We must create a series of commonwealths based on seeial justice, and revolution less spectacular and picturesque, but almost as free federation of a , qigmifcant. Il such commonwealths encircling the I mean the spiritual, moral, and political revolu- globe. We must build a ion which has taken place among the working classes world which will put an end to all 2 England. For y of strife and struggles within each nation so all ware among rs and generations the working class in nations. We must rebuild it radically England was very similar in type and spirit to that of the up—a from the foundation average organized workers in the world of cooperation, s trol or labor, a world of a very United States. It was not freedom and a world of enjoyment!” inspiring type. But within the last ’ Labor movement, year the British And this new charter given to us by our fellow-workers unger the lessons of the ‘great world in Engiand, is a charter given. to the working clase of the world. It is not a program the diplomats in the various coun- tries, It is not even a demand upon the governments or the ruling classes of the different countries. It is a re- solve, a determination that the work- ing class of the world will make over the world as a working class world And that is why the most progres- sive workers of all countries, of tance and of Italy and of most of the neutral countries, have rallied to that great program. And that is why it becomes our duty in this country to make that program a living here reality és We can not overlook the fact that the working class movement in the United States on the whole, has re. mained at this time the most back- ward in the world. Of all the labor bodies in the world, the organized labor movement of the United State is the only one that has practically forgotten nothing and learned noth. ing from this great world catastrophe, ‘The average organized worker is eating the old slogans re. But in the old way if we are to retain our place in the great fraternity of International Labor, if we are to do our the world reconstruction share in to that is to fall the task of organized labor, we must take up the task of regeneration, “Don't you believe that stuff about a must give to the movement new ‘sweetheart sailor having a spiration, new in. in every port!” ideals—call it for the cause of Internationalism to fight ee | economic liberty. and

|

July, 1918 Kerensky Is Coming ! By John Reed (Rumor has it that Kerensky is on his way to America to Consider these Bolsheviks. Alone they had set up.a Gov- ‘act as a center for propaganda in the United States against ernment in which the Minister of Finance was appointed be- that a coun- he had once been a clerk in a French bank—there was the Russian Revolution. For those who believe cause ter-revolutionary movement led by Kerensky might. be suc- no other man to put there; in which the Minister of Com- cessful, it may be instructive to read the story of his inal merce and Industry was a historian, without the slightest con- of Petrograd—I. R.) ception of commerce. The army and navy were under the defeat at the gates command of a common sailor, Dubenko, a cadet, Krilenko, and a civilian, Antonov. “J ERENSKY js coming!” ‘All the Government employees had declared a strike In Smolny Institute, where the Bolsheviks rode the against them. ‘The Post and Telegraph Employees’ Union rocking insurrection, there was half-panic, half-desperation refused to transmit their telegrams or deliver: their mail, among all the leaders except Lenin, Trotsky, and one or two The Railway Workers’ Union would not transport. them. others; among the soldiers hesitation; among the workmen ‘Their very telephone wires were cut and the Cronstadt sailors a fierce exultant defiance. ‘They could not communicate with the provinces, with the Kerensky, hurling proclamations and threats as he came, front, or with Europe. They did not know what was going rolled up from the southwest with a horde of Cossacks, to con anywhere. Outside of a few trained and educated men win back the capital they were supported only by the masses of the Petrograd Tt was November toth. ‘The Bolsheviks had been in con- workmen and women and soldiers—but by all of them. Was trol three days, with the world against them. Under their Russia like Petrograd? Were the workmen everywhere ready iron hands the city seethed and boiled. At the Duma, around for insurrection? Would the army at the front rise? Would which were grouped all the anti-Bolshevik elements—the the peasants support them? Lenin believed that Russia was moderate and conservative Socialists as well the “bourgeois ripe. ‘The All-Russian Soviets had met on November 7th parties—a great crowd was gathered, composed of busine: and endorsed the Revolution by an overwhelming majority— and professional men, Socialist “intellectuals,” and the off and now the delegates were speeding back to their homes, Kerensky Government; there were present no cials of the to the corners of Russia, carrying word of what had happened common soldiers, no workingmen, no peasants. in Petrograd. Volodarski told me that even if the All-Rus- At this particular moment the Committee for Salvation of sian Soviets had been prevented from meeting, stil there Country and Revolution was forming a new government, and would have been an insurrection. “We are realists,” he said, debating hotly whether or not the representatives of the As a matter of fact, success depended on the correctness Bolshevik party should be admitted. Around it swarmed of the hypothesis that the Russian proletariat was ready for army officers, journalists, and the foreign diplomats. revolt. only twelve miles away—eight miles—four Kerensky was In the court-yard of Smolny Institute stood an automobile, miles, with an army of five thousand—ten thousand—twenty upon the running-board of which soldiers were trying to thousand men, He had captured Gatchina, the Gatchina fasten two bicycles. The chauffeur protested violently. True, ‘oviet had fied, half the garrison had surrendered and the hie was a Bolshevik, and the automobile had been confiscated half had fallen back in disorder on Petrograd. He was other true, it was to carry the Ministers of War and of the Navy Tsarskoe Selo. He would triumphantly enter use of the couriers; at the gates of to the front, and the bieycles were for the the city in two days—twelve hours y but the automobile was nicely enamelled, and the chauffeur’s Revolutionary Committee professional pride revolted at the damage which would be Up at Smolny, the Military roared like a flywheel day and night, throwing off spark-like done to the enamel . . . So the bicycles were abandoned. showers of orders. Here the dim corridors echoed to the Leaning against the side of the machine was a slight man tramp of hurrying factory-workers with crossed bandoleers with a thin beard and heavy glasses over eyes fixed and red- from loss of sleep, rimmed from three days and nights without rest, his shirt and rifles, grim, silent men, hollow-eyed and with aimless wandering bands of soldiers. On piles of, collar filthy, his conversation painful and chaotic from ter in the committee- rible fatigue. A great bearded sailor, with the clear eyes of hteaped-up newspapers and proclamations rooms hundreds snored in utter exhaustion. Couriers came youth, prowled restlessly about, absently toying with an or in commandeered automobiles; and enormous. blue-steel revolver, which never leit his hand. ‘and went, running soldiers, workmen, armed with the These were Antonov and Dubenko. commissars—common power of life and death, invested with the authority of the Could we go with them to the front? We could not. The risen proletariat,—dashed out to the four corners of the city, automobile would only hold five—the two Ministers, two the front, and all vast Russia, to command, plead, argue, couriers and the chauffeur. My Russian comrade, however, fight... whom I will eall Koslov, calmly got in and sat down, nor could any argument dislodge him; so finally Antonov and Tn the great white ball-room the Petrograd Soviet met, a Dubenko gave up. of bayonets, and in the next chamber the Central bristle the new T see no reason to disbelieve Koslov's story of the trip. Executive Committee of the all-Russian Soviets, As they went down the Souvorovsky Prospect, someone men-

parliament of proletarian Russia. RET

THE LIBERATOR tioned that they might be out for three or four day night, A. street-car crawled distantly along a far-flung country indifferently well provisioned. Antonov stopped the car and asked Koslov to get out and buy provisions—about ““Tunrskoe Selo station was calm, though knots of soldiers fifty roubles’ worth. Money? The Minister of War looked stood here and there talking in low tones and looking un through his pockets—he hadn’t a kopek. ‘The Minister of the asily down the empty track that led to Gatchina. I asked ‘avy was broke. So was the chauffeur. So were the cour- some of them what side they were on. “Well,” said a spokes Kosloy bought the provisions... . n, “we don’t know exactly: the rights of the matter « they reached the Nevsky the automobile blew out a here is no doubt that Kerensky is a provocator, but we do nid all got out. “Comandeer an automobile!” suggested not consider it right for Russian men to be shooting Russian Dubenko, waving the revolver. Antonov stood in the middle of the street and signalled to a passing machine to halt. The commandant of the station proved to be a big, jovial, “I want that automobile!” he said to the lone soldier who bearded common soldier, wearing the arm-band of a regi- was driving. mental committee. Our credentials from Smolny Institute "You won't get it,” responded the soldier. commanded immediate respect. He was plainly for the “Do you know who I am?” asked Antonov, producing a Soviets, but bewildered. paper upon which was written a commission appointing him “There was a commissar from the Soviets here this morn- commander-in-chief of all the armies of the Russian Re nut he went away when the Cossacks came.” public. “In this paper it says that all my orders must be ‘The Cossacks are here, then?” obeyed without question.” He nodded, gloomily. “There has been a battle. The Cos- “I don't care if you are the devil himself,” retorted the sacks came this morning. They captured two or three hun- soldier. “This automobile belongs to the committee of the dred of our troops, and killed about twelve.” First Machine Gun Regiment, and we're carrying ammuni: “Where are the Cossack tion in it, and you can't have it.” Whereupon he drove “Well, they didn’t come down here. I don’t know just on... where they are. Off that way . . .” He waved his arm ‘The difficulty, however, was soon solved by the appearance vaguely west. of an old battered machine flying the Italian flag, (in time of We had dinner—an excellent dinner, by the way, much trouble private machines were registered in the name of some better and cheaper than could be got in Petrograd—in the foreign consulate, so as to be safe from requisition), from station restaurant, and then sallied out into the town. Just the interior of which was dislodged a fat citizen in an ex- outside the door were two soldiers, evidently on guard, with pensive fur coat, and the party continued on its way. rifles and bayonets fixed. They were surrounded by a crowd Arrived at Colpinno, a factory town about twenty miles out of business men, government officials, and students, who were on the Nicolai Railway, Antonov asked for the commandant attacking them with passionate argument and epithet, The of the Red Guard, He was led to the edge of the town, soldiers were uncomfortable and hurt, like children who are where about five hundred factory workmen had dug trenches being unjustly scolded : and were waiting for the Cossacks. A tall young man with a supercilious expression, dressed ‘Everything all right here, comrade?” asked Antonov. in the uniform of a student, was leading the attack. wverything perfect, comrade,” answered the commander, You realize, I presume,” he said insolently, “that by taking “except that we have no ammunition.” up arms against your brothers you are making yourselves “In Smolny there are two billion rounds,” Antonov told the tools of murderers and traitors?” him. “I will give you an order.” He felt in his pockets. “Now brother,” answered the soldier earnest! “you don’t ‘Has anybody a piece of paper understand... There are two classes, don't you see the prole- Dubenko had none. The chauffeur had none—neither had tariat and the bourgeoisie! We—” the couriers or the commander. Koslov offered his note- “Oh I know that silly talk!” broke in the student rudely book, from which a page was torn, ‘A bunch of ignorant peasants like you hear somebody bawl- “Have you got a pencil?” asked Antonov, rummaging ing a few catch-words. You don’t understand what they through his clothes. Dubenko had no pencil—neither, need- mean, You just echo them like a lot of parrots.” The crowd less to say, had anyone—exeept Koslov laughed. “Now I've been a Socialist for twenty years. I'm a Marxian student. And I tell you that this isn’t Socialism Meanwhile late in the afternoon I took a train for Tsarskoe you are fighting for, It’s just plain pro-German anarchy! Selo. In the station nobody knew just where Kerensky was, “Oh yes, I know,” answered the soldier, with sweat drip- or where the front lay wrther, however, ping from his brow. ‘You are an educated man, that is easy than Tsarskoe Selo. . . to see, and I am only a simple man, But it seems to me- whe train was full of commuters and country people going “I suppose,” interrupted the other contemptuously, “that home. They had the evening papers in their hands, and the you believe Lenin is a real friend of the proletariat?” talk was all of the Bolshevik rising. Outside of that, how- “Yes I do,” ever, you would answered the soldier, suffering, never have realized that civil war was “Well, my friend, do you know that Lenin was sent through splitting mighty Russia in two, and that the train was headed Germany in a closed car? Do you know that Lenin into the zone of battle. Out of the window we could see, momey from the Germans?” took in the swift-deepening darkness, masses of soldiers going ‘Well, I don’t know much about that,” answered irregularly along the maddy road toward the city, flinging dier stubbornly, the sol- their arms out in argument. That “but it seems to me that what he says is was all. Back along the what I want, and all the simple men like me. Now there are fiat horizon the glow of the city’s lights faded down the sses, the bourgeoisie arid the proletariat’ July, 1918

‘ou are a fool! Why, my friend, I spent two years in “Where are the Cossacks?” Schlisselburg for revolutionary activity, when you were still “About a mile over that way.” He waved his arms. down revolutionists and singing ‘God Save the “And you will defend the city against them?” Shooting Didn't you “Oh dear no.” He smiled. “We are holding the city for Tear! My name is Vasili Georgevitch Panim, ever hear of me?” Kerensky.” Our hearts sank, for the papers we had stated ‘“{'m sorry to say I never did,” answered the soldier with that we were International Socialists, revolutionary to the I am not an educated man. You are core, The Colonel cleared his throat. “About those passes humility, “But then, ‘of yours,” he went on. “Your lives will be in danger if you probably a great hero.” I am are captured. Therefore, if you want to see the battle, T “Tam,” said the student with conviction, “And. opposed to the Bolsheviks, who are destroying our Russia, will give you an order for rooms in the officers’ hotel, and if our free revolution. Now how do you account for that?” ‘you will come back here at seven o'clock in the morning, I | “The soldier scratched his head. “I can't account for it at will give you new passes.” with the pain of his intellectual pro- “So you are for Kerensky?” we said. all,” he said, grimacing cesses. “To me it seems perfectly simple—but then, I'm not “Well, not exactly for Kerensky.” ‘The Colonel hesitated. well-educated. It seems like there are only two classes, the "You see, most of the soldiers in the garrison are Bolsheviks, and the bourgeoisie —” and today, after the battle, they all went away in the direc- proletariat cried the tion of Petrograd, taking the artillery with them. You might go again with your silly formula!” “There you say that none of the soldiers are for Kerensky; but some of student. them just don’t want to fight at all. The officers have almost “—— only two classes,” went on the soldier, doggedly ‘And whoever isn’t on one side is on the other.” . . all gone over to Kerensky’s forces, or simply gone away. We wandered on up the street, whose lights were few and ‘We are—ahem—in a most difficult position, as you see . . .” far between, and along which people rarely passed. A ‘We did not wait for the battle, Looking out of the window threatening silence hung over the place—as of a sort of pur- as we sped through the cold dark, I caught glimpses of dun gatory between heaven and hell, a political No Man's Land. masses of soldiers gesticulating in the light of fires, and of ‘Only the barber “shops were all brilliantly lighted and clusters of armored cars halted close together on cross- crowded, and a line formed in front of the doors of the public roads, the chauffeurs, hanging out of the turrets and shouting bath; for it was Saturday night, when all Russia bathes and to each other. perfumes itself I haven't the slightest doubt that Soviet troops and Cossacks mingled in the places where these cere- ‘The next morning the Cossacks entered Tsarskoe Selo, monies were performed... - Kerensky himself riding a white horse. From the top of a We strolled toward the Imperial Palaces, along the edge little hill beyond the town he could see the golden spires and of the vast, dark gardens, their fantastic pavilions and many-colored cupolas, the sprawling grey immensity of the in the night, and capital spread out along the dreary plain, and beyond, the ornamental bridges looming uncertainly steely Gulf of Finland. Every hour General Krasnov was water splashing from the fountains.. At one pla soft an artifi- issuing proclamations, “In the name of the Supreme Com- where a ridiculous iron swan spat unceasingly from loyal troops under Petrograd, cial grotto, we were suddenly aware of observation, and mandant, at the head of the looked up to encounter the sullen, suspicious gaze of half a calling upon the Petrograd garrison to return to their duty, dozen gigantic armed soldiers, who stared moodily down from and “all those who have been led astray by false counsels a grassy terrace. 1 climbed up to them. or the vain promises of the usurpers’—under pain of dire “Who are you?” I asked. punishment when the city fell. Ten miles away! The Bol- the guard,” answered one. They all looked very shevik troops falling back in the direst confusion; a counter “We are weeks and weeks revolution ready to break in the capital; the Bolsheviks depressed, as undoubtedly they were, from isolated . . of all-day all-night argument and debate. ‘There was no battle in Tsarskoe after all. But Kerensky “Are you Kerensky’s troops, or the Soviets'?” were “neu- ‘There was silence for a moment, as they looked uneasily made one fatal mistake, Ascertaining that there each other. ‘Then, “We are neutral,” said he. tral” regiments in the vicinity, he adopted a high-handed at huge Yekaterina ‘method of dealing with them. To the barracks of the Second We went on through the arch of the Tsarskoe Selo Rifles he sent a message to surrender their Palace, into the Palace enclosure itself, asking for head- ten minutes to think it over in. Now ‘quarters. A’ sentry outside a door in a curving white wing arms, and gaye them said that the commandant was outside. this savored too much of the old regime to these soldiers, of the Palace divided into unequal who, after all, had been governing themselves by committee Ina graceful, white, Georgian room, for half a year. They were not Bolsheviks, they did not parts by a two-sided fire-place, a group of officers stood but they would not submit to peremp- anxiously talking. They were pale and distracted, and evi want to fight Kerensky; slept. To one, an oldish man with a white tory authority, ‘At the end of the ten minutes Kerensky’s dently hadn't was pointed artillery dropped a shell or two on their barracks; seven were beard, his uniform studded with decorations, who Killed, more wounded; and from that moment the Second out as the Colonel, we showed our Bolshevik papers. to be neutral seemed surprised. “How did you get here without ‘Tsarskoe Selo Rifles ceased He “It is very dangerous in the In Petrograd, Smolny was a huge uproar. A delegation being killed?” he asked politely. high in from the Semionov Regiment, sent out to stop the Cossacks, streets just now. Political passion is running very to the Military Revolutionary Com- Selo, ‘There was a battle this morning, and there was trying to explain Tearskoe morhing. Kerensky is to enter the mittee how it was that most of them had been surrounded ‘will be another tomorrow the garrison, it was reported, town at eight o'clock. ‘and captured. ‘The regiments of

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THE LIBERATOR hhad been corrupted by commissars of the City Duma, who e red flag floating over it. The shell went through the had been around trying to persuade the soldiers to remain automobile, automobilevcarrying carrying away away a door. Zalkind, ’ oe who was in the neutral,” so that the Cossacks and junkers might be turned midst of a discussion with Sloutskaya, turned a loose in the city; Krilenko started out in a fast automobile to make the rounds of the barracks and win them back. We had middle Sloutskaya’s of a chin sentence and breast to find had himself been addressing torn off. a corpse- witnessed, in the vast half-gloom of the Mikhailovsky They hurried the body to.a large building beside the road, Manege, the battle of speakers over the Armored Car Di- vision, the far-famed Brunnoviki; where, in the bitter cold, —for which aged proved ladies to be of a the retiring aristocracy. home—a These sort ladies, of half convent since the two thousand great child-like men stood listening with pain. fall of their beloved Tsar, had ceased to follow polities, ex- fal intensity to the arguments of the different speakers for cept for venting their hatred against Kerensky. They ran five long hours, and finally went Bolshevik with the pon- ‘out now, and surrounding the automobile with cries of pity roar of an avalanche . . . A message arrived from and horror, demanded to know who had done this thing, this side of the Tsarskoe Selo, where the Bolshe- viks were digging trenches, asking for Zalkind told them that it was Kerensky. “Ah!” they said. orators.” “two truck-loads of “T always knew he was a Jew!” This is the Russian way of making civil war. It was the When the truce ended Kerensky’s Cossacks had retreated. propaganda.oi the revolutionary troops which destroyed the They gave up ‘skoe Selo the same hour, and fell back on forces of Kornilov. Russians will always listen... . In morning, Gatchina; the and Army when of I the reached Risen People Tsarskoe was again joyously late press- that this case the old proclamations and pamphlets used against ing on. Kornilov were resurrected and shipped to the front. Eighteen agitators” were collected by the Military Revolu- pened t went to be to leaving Tsarskoe Smolny in a Red for Cross that indefinite ambulance, region which known hap- tionary Committee, and hurtled off down the street trucks, to corrupt in motor as ‘the revolutionary front.” ‘The soldier who was driving the enemy. had no objections to me or anybody else; in fact, he was On Saturday at three o'clock, the Military Revolutionary lonely, and wanted somebody to talk Committee loosed the full revolutionary force of the prole streets he decided that he was hungry; to. nothing Bumping would down do but the tariat; a telephonogram was sent out to the factories to shut that we turn into a nearby barracks and get something to down and turn out the Red Guard. All around the grey eat. The Battallion Committee was just sitting down horizon the whistles blew, and the hundreds of thousands of to lunch workers poured arout in enormous common bowl of khasha and another of out in tides, bristling. Petrograd hummed stchi. Each man took his like a beaten hive. Along the broad roads white with the fell to. When the Committee wooden heard spoon that out we of were his boot and first light fall of snow, the city belched its slums. As far as the front, going to the eye could reach the roads were erowded—with they suddenly decided to come with us. ‘The crossed cartridge belts rifles and Colsnel in commatid, who happened in just about that time, over their working clothes—women, decided he would go too; he some with guns, some with spades, picks, some carrying rolls permission from the committee. therefore Revolvers asked, were and served received, of bandages, red crosses pinned on their arms;—children around—perhaps we all ~ Such an immense, spontaneous outpouring would run into Cossacks city was never seen! They’ of Down the Zagorodny Prospekt a Red Guard stopped us, panies rolled along torren Were we going to the front? Would we take several thou of soldiers borne with them, guns, auto-truc sand newspapers to the comrades? He dumped them Wagons—the revolutionary proletariat defending with got in himself. Out under in and naked breast the capital of the Socialist republic With the great grey city gate, carved That night Kerensky and his Cossacks inseriptions recording Imperial conquest over Central 4 attacked all along Asia, Persia and the Middle East, crowned with huge gilt wide front, and untrained masses of people made a stand, Imperial monograms and eagles, to the wide road, What had happened to all that disorganization, panic? What straight as an arrow, running change had come over those halves of garrisons which and thronged with the returning con retreated in disorder? Who had had querors, workers, soldiers, women, and with new floods that and co-ordination brought order out of chaos, the exhaustless city poured forth to take their places. A between the thousands of wavering regu, column of disheveled artillery passed, singing and shouting. Jars and the hundreds of thousands of untrained workers? A peasant cart drove by, whereon Nobody—nothing—but the concerted desire that the new soldiers were indiscriminately bodies of workmen and revolution should win, that forever the powers of “coalition” heaped, writhing with low and of the Cossacks should that be smashed. Things were done At Pulkova there was a jam of horses, guns, marching night at Krasnoe Selo, at Pulkova, which will never be troops and Red Guards strageling indiscriminately, forgotten in the history of revolutions. The Red Guards self-congratulatory roar A happy rushed in masses, rushed the cannon, rushed the Cossacks place went up from them. ‘This was the and pulled them from their horses. of victorious battle. On all the shot-marked houses were killed, and ‘Hundreds of workers home-made Red Cross flags floated. In the little public square the plain was full of riderless Cossack steeds formed by the junction of the roads half when morning came, and truce. . . were trying to ride plunging a dozen Red Guards Zalkind, later Trotsky’s adjunct in the Commissariat amusement Cossack horses, to the immense Foreign Affairs, was riding in an automobile of of the crowd. We staggered up the muddy hill to Sloutskaya, a with Vera Upper Pulkova, and at length came into Tsarskoe, avimated veteran woman revolutionist, after both sides with the swaggering had agreed to stop firing. The train on’ which Kerensky Now the palace where heroes of the proletarian horde, rode carried a cannon, and I suppose the gunner couldn't re- Red the Soviet had met was a busy place. sist the temptation to take a shot at the Guards and sailors filled the court-yard, sentriee stood lone machine with at the doors, anda throng of couriers and commicesrs July, 1918 2 pushed in and out. In the Soviet room a samovar had been have been two miles further that Vladimir Nicolaievitch set up, and fifty or more workers, soldiers, sailors and officers cocked his ear and suddenly shouted to the chauffeur to stop. stood around, drinking tea and talking at the top of their ing!” he said. “Do you hear it?” For a moment dead voices, In one comer two clumsy-handed workingmen were silence, and then, a little aitead and to the left, three shots in, trying to make a multigraphing machine go. At the center rapid succession, Along here the side of the road was heavily table, the huge Dubenko-bent over a map, marking out posi- wooded. Very much excited now, we erept along, speaking tions for the troops with a red and blue pencil, sticking his in whispers, until the truck was nearly opposite the place tongue out the corner of his mouth as he worked. In his free where the firing had come from. Descending, we spread out, hand he carried, as always, the same enormous bluesteel and every man carrying his rifle, went stealthily into the revolver. Anon he sat himself down at a typewriter and forest pounded away with one finge little while he would “Two comrades, meanwhile, detached the eannon and slewed Pause, pick up the revolver, and lovingly spin the chamber. it around until it aimed as nearly as possible at our backs. ‘A couch lay along the wall, and on this was stretched the Tt was silent in the woods. The leaves were gone, and the body of a young workman. Two Red Guards were bending tree-trunks were a pale wan color in the low, sickly autamn ‘over him, but the rest of the company did not pay any atten- sun, Not a thing moved, except the ice of little woodland tion. In his breast was a hole; through his clothes fresh pools shivering under our feet. Was it an ambush? blood came welling up with every heart-beat. His eyes were ‘We went uneventfully forward until the trees began to closed, and his young, bearded face was greenish-white, thin, and paused. Beyond, in a little clearing three soldiers Faintly and slowly he still breathed, with every breath sigh- sat around a small fire, perfectly oblivious? ing, “Mir boudit! “Mir boudit! (Peace is coming! Peace Viadimir Nicolaievitch stepped: forward. “Zra’zvitye, is coming!)” comrades!” he greeted, while behind him one cannon, twenty ut in front an auto-truck was going to the front. Half fifles and a truckload of groubit bombs hung by a hair. a dozen Red Guards, some sailors, and a soldier or two, under ‘The soldiers scrambled to their feet command of a huge workman, clambered in, and shouted to “What was the shooting going on around here?” me to come along. Red Guards issued from headquarters, One of the soldiers answered, looking relieved, “Why we each of them staggering under an arm-load of small, corrt- were just shooting a rabbit or two, comrade.” gated-iron bombs, filled with groubit—which, they say, is ten times as strong, and five times as sensitive as dynamite; these Kerensky was at Gatchina. ‘The Cossacks were discon- they threw carelessly into the truck. A three-inch cannon was tented, ‘They had been beaten—and then, too, it seemed that loaded and then tied onto the tail of the truck with bits of all Russia was up against them, whereas they had been told rope and wire. that Petrograd, ‘rich Petrograd, would hold out welcomin We started with a shout, at top speed of course; the heavy arms, In this frame of mind “two truckloads of orator truck swayed from side to side. ‘The cannon leaped from one descended upon their outposts. And toward nightfall arrived wheel to the otlier, and the groubit bombs went rolling back the redoubtable Dubenko, alone... and forth over our feet, fetching up against the sides of the ‘What Dubenko said no one knows, but the fact is that car with a crash. General Krasnov and his staft and several thousand Cossack ‘The big Red Guard, whose name was Vladimir Nicolaie- troopers surrendered, and advised Kerensky to do the same. vitch, plied me with questions about America. “Why did General Krasnov advised Kerensky to go to Petrograd with ‘America come into the war? Are the American workers an escort, proudly, as head of the Provisional Government, ready to throw over the capitalist regime? What is the find deal face to face with the Bolsheviks in Smolny. If situation in the Mooney case now? Will they extradite Kerensky had followed this advice, he might still have been Berkman to San Francisco?” and others, very dificult to a power in Russia, But instead, he promised to do s0, answer, all delivered in a loud shout above the roaring of the and then disguised himself in a sailor's uniform and ran truck, while we held on to each other and danced amid the away. And that was the end of Kerenksy . . « caroming bombs. T went back to Petrograd riding on the front seat of an Oceasionally a patrol tried to stop us. Soldiers ran out into auto truck, driven by a workman, and filled with Red Guards. before us, shouted “Stoi?” and threw up their guns. We had no kerosene, so our lights were not burning. The the road cried the road was crowded with the proletarian army going home, We paid no attention. “The devil take you!” new reserves pouring out to take their places. Im- Red Guards. “We don’t stop for, anybody! We're the Red and of artillery, wagons, loomed Guards!” And we thundered imperiously on, while Viadimir tense trucks like ours, columns We hurtled Nicolaievitch bellowed to me about the imminent interna- tp in the night, without lights, as we were. Russia had begun, and which furiously on, wrenched right and left to ayoid collisions that, nal social revolution, which the ac- seemed inevitable, scraping wheels, followed by the epithets would soon sweep all nations of the world, and end of pedestrians. cursed war... cross the horizon spread the glittering Tights of the cap- ‘About five miles out we saw a company of sailors march- ital, immeasurably more splendid by night than by day, like ing back, and slowed down. a low dike of jewels heaped on the barren plain “Where's the front, brothers? The old workman who drove held the wheel in one hand, ‘The foremost sailor halted and scratched his head. “This while with the other he swept the far-gleaming capital in an morning,” he said, “it was about half a kilometer down the exultant gesture road, But the damn thing isn’t anywhere nows We walked “Mine!” he ered, his face all alight “All mine now! and walked arfd walked, but we couldn’t find it.” My Petrograd” “They climbed into the truck, and we proceeded. It must THE LIBERATOR

Norman Hapgood and Socialist Journalism WE. have received the following letter from Norman not mean the overthrow of Czarism, he means the gradual Hapgood which gives us a good deal of pleasure and not coming into power of an industrial government, the Council very much pain, of Workmen and Soldiers, which ran parallel with Keren= New York, May 29, 1918. sky's political coalition for a long time, gradually and inex- ‘0 the editor of the Lineraror: orably superceding it. Knowing this, even though I am willing to grant in Reed's absence, that he is, like the rest of Before asking you a question I wish to state my gen- tus, too young and able-bodied to be as intelligent as the eral position on matters involved, him of “childish 1. Lam entirely opposed to the second trial of the editors Manchester Guardian, I hesitate to convict of the Masses, as I think the charge of conspiracy is ridicu- L also want to ask our distinguished correspondent to hold lous, nor do I believe that these men form an appreciable the thought that we may possibly, with the passage of time, difficulty in our war-effort. become that Socialist journal that he longs for—and that 2.1 have frequently expressed the desire to have the we all, for that matter, long for. In my own case I ean feel entente give the Bolsheviki such friendly help as is possible. wisdom and “weighty judgment” creeping on me month by Therefore it is without prejudice that I express regret ‘month, and my sister, who was born with these afflictions, is that most party socialists in America are so unintelligent. absolutely determined to make this magazine the standard ‘We have no great liberal paper like the Manchester Guardian, social revolutionary weekly. but also we haye no socialist paper with weighty judgment Of course I can’t hold out the same hopes of John Reed. like ?Humanité or Vorwaerts. In your June issue John Reed He is younger than we are and still believes in using his says that the Kerensky government intensified the disorgani- imagination when he writes prose. But I am quite sure that zation of Russia ‘‘in order to wreck the revolution.” Such in the course of about twenty years—provided our activities childish nonsense could not be found in any of the European in that time are not too much cireumscribed—we will all organs I have mentioned. Why is it? arrive at an age and degree of intellectual strength where Noxwax Hapcoon. wwe will be able to wield “weighty judgments” with as’ fam- iliar a grace as the Manchester Guardian, or Mr. Hapgood We have always ourselves bewailed the fact that party himself. Meanwhile we are more grateful for his critical Socialists in America are so unintelligent. ‘The party always attention than pained at his perception of our inadequacy. seemed to us a little like a country church, and we always said s0, especially when we were talking to the party. But it Max Easratay. never occurred to us to include ourselves among the unintelli- gent ones until this letter came. We thought the very fact FROM JOHN REED that we called most of the party unintelligent, proved that we wwere exceptions, and that our brains were working with e: MY és Mr. Hapgood txaordinary freedom and brilliancy. Of course it doesn’t © Tcame into the office just a8 Max Eastman finished his suggests that our unintelligence is reply to you, and at the very moment of going to press I T should say that ours is young and in- want to hastily try to answer you myself. judicial, whereas that of the party as a whole is old and dog- The question of the unintelligence of American party So- atic. Between us we are botching the opportunity to create cialists I leave to Max to deal with, as your letter seems a great wise watchful Socialist journal in this country at the not to apply to my intelligence at all, but simply to my obser- hour of need. There is no doubt about that vation and my integrity as a reporter. On the particular point in question, however, I think it is Eastman does right in quoting the remainder of my re fair to quote the whole of John Reed’s statement: marks, but perhaps I have not made the situation clear ‘The disorganization “was intensified by the bourgeois cle- enough. I did not ever mean to say that Kerensky, or any ‘ment in the coalition, government of Kerensky, in order to of the other “moderate” Socialist leaders, wanted to “wreck wreck the Revolution...” the revolution.” It was the bourgeois wing of the Pro- John Reed is away making speeches, and I can not give visional Government which attempted to do that, and his defense of this statement. I know that these elements openly, too. quite intensified the disorganization after the Kerensky Govern- Factories were shut down with the avowed purpose of ment in order to wreck the Bolshevik revolution, and as that starving the workers into abating their democratic enthus- revolution was little more than the taking over of formal iasms; food and supplies were diverted from the Army, in power by the Soviets, who were in material power before, I order to destroy the soldiers’ committees and “reestablish do not find it “childish nonsense,” on its face, to imagine that discipline”—there is even a mountain of proof to indicate there was an almost wholly pre-occupying clash of these same that the fall of Riga was no accident, but carefully arranged two interests before Kerensky fell. by the Army chiefs for the same purpose; Rodzianko, at the Socialists, like human beings, are usually unintelligent, but Moscow Business Men's Conference, said: “The loss of sometimes they seem more unintelligent than they are because Petrograd to the Germans would not be a misfortune; in the they have a system of meanings that is not familiar to their first place it would destroy the insubordinate Baltic Fleet, ctitics. By “the Revolution,” for instance, John Reed does and in the second place it would eliminate the revolutionary July, 1918 a

Petrograd workmen”; in the country the land-owners pro- front for a real proletarian upheaval strictly according to yoked agrarian revolt, with the open sympathy of the bour- Marx. ‘geoisie in the Provisional Government, by arresting the Land The reason you don't see these things in Vorwaerts and in Committees created by the Provisional Government itself, in La Victoire is because Scheideman and Hervé are less anxious the exercise of their legal duties; on the railroads emissaries for Socialism in their own countries than Kerensky was in Of the administrations and the share-holders of private roads Russia, The reason you did not see them in the Manchester were caught red-handed puncturing engine-boilers. I could Guardian is because the Russian correspondent for the Guar- g0 on for pages, backed up by detailed proof. My papers, dian was Dr. David Soskice, Kerensky’s secretary and also however, are still in the hands of the State Department, so the Russian press censor, who took correspondents’ stories, I cannot give the details here. If I had those papers I could sent these stories to his own paper, and then refused the cor- also show you an interview I had with Lianozov, the Rus- respondents the right to send them to theirs sian Oil King; another with Kosovtsev, Secretary of the When I get my papers from the State Department I will Petrograd cadets, etc. be very glad to reply to you at length and in detail _ As for Kerensky and the “moderate” Socialists, the part they played was that of unwilling tools in this campai Yours sincerely, because they held so strongly to the idea of coalition with the June 4, 1918. Joun Resp, bourgeoisie that they were finally forced to become its de- fenders. In the Kerensky Government, to which I referred Fire And Water in the article you criticize, the bourgeoisie and not the Keren- sky group were the ruling powers. FLAME-HEART, take back your love, Swift, sure The Kerensky group played a part, however, not as dis- ‘And poignant as the dagger to the mark, graceful as that played in Germany by Scheideman and in ‘Your will is burning ever. It is pure. France by Gustave Hervé, whose papers the Vorwaerts and Mine is vague water welling through the dark, Humanité (now La Victoire, I believe), are so eulogized by Holding all substances—except the spark. you Tor tMir “weighty judgment.” And the action of the Picture the pleasure of the meadow stream Kerensky group, in the coalition government which attempted When some clear striding naked-footed girl in the summer and fall of 1017 to wreck the Russian Revolu- Cuts swift and straightly as a gleam tion, was the sole cause of their downfall; just as the action of Scheideman and Hervé will be the cause of theirs. Across its bosom ambling and aswirl One word more. Undoubtedly when you quote my word ‘With mooning eddies and soft lips acurl; “revolution,” you have in your mind the so-called “first revo- lution” of March, 1917. By “revolution” I did not mean that ‘Such was our meeting—fatefully so brief. at all. I-meant the whole Russian revolution, which to my I have no purpose and no power to’ clutch. mind is one unity from March, 1917, down to the present Gleam onward, maiden, to your goal of grief! day. Any other interpretation would correspond to the And I more sadly flow, remembering much, denomination of the different periods of the French Revolu- Yet doomed to take the form of all I touch. tion as different revolutions. ‘There was only one French Max Eastman. Revolution, although the phase of the Constituante and that ‘of the Convention are so different. But the Russian Revolution is easily provable, to those who The Still Return hhaye watched it closely, to have been even more of a unified organic growth than the French Revolution. Every develop- J SET a lighted candle ment and change in the Russian Revolution was forced by Before my window pane, the action of the masses of the people, by demonstrations and To be a welcome to my love the political action of the Soviets. The Duma was forced Should he come back again. Against its will to take the reins of government into its hands, although it clearly did not expect or desire the abdication of ‘Though he'd need no such signal the Imperial family. The action of the masses hurled down If he came as before— Miliukov’s ministry, caused the failure of the Galician Acwhistling and a-striding by— offensive, and finally, in November, forced the Soviets to To guide him to my door. take over the power from the bankrupt Kerensky Govern- ‘ment. He'd tap upon the window, When Miliukov, Lvov, and the Duma Liberals were pro- ‘And to the door I’d run— claimed the Russian Government, they tried to make it a ‘And a dozen candles he'd not see, parliamentary republic. Their action in refusing to obey ‘Though shining like the sun! the Tsar's order of dissolution merely unchained the revoli- tionary forces of the popular masses, whose idea of the Rus- But still I light my candle, ian Revolution was not that at all. The proletariat did all ‘That its gold breath may guide the fighting in the Russian Revolution, and when it was My love who may be different now, ly, proceeded to take over the whole business, From the And timid, having died. first, the Russian Revolution was only a bourgeois Liberal Hazel Hall.

30 INTERNATIONAL LABOR By Alexander Trachtenberg International Soviet Government of Russia was also debated for and against at great length. In a vote on resolutions covering Emile Vandervelde and Camile Huysmans, President and these questions, the radicals were victorious, As a result Secretary respectively of the International Socialist Bureau, the old National Executive Committee, made up mostly es acting upon instructions of the Inter- Socialist and the moderate wing resigned and a new committee consist Labor Conference, held in London February 20-23, have ad- of the former opposition was elected. The editor of the dressed a memorandum to Hjalmar Branting, leader of the also resigned and Socialist Party of Sweden, for transmission to the Socialists Socialdemokraten, the official party organ, of Germany, Austria and Bulgaria, covering the aims of the was replaced by one from the radical group. contemplated International Socialist Conference, and the The membership of the party has increased from 54,000 conditions upon which it could be held. I quote from the in 1915, to 80,000 in 1918. letter to Branting: “The Conference (London) was of the opinion that it would be of no use to call a general congress of all So- Russia st and labor organizations if its success was not virtually ‘The May Day celebrations of the Russian workers were assured It considered that an essential condition to a full even more significant this year than last, On May 1st, meeting of the International is that the organizers assure 1917, the Petrograd workers celebrated the International themselves that all organizations taking part in it shall have holiday with only the overthrow of the Romanofis to their formulated in exact terms all the conditions of peace, based credit. This year the Russian proletariat celebrated the es- on the following principles: Peace without annexation or tablishment of an industrial republic with Socialists alone punitive indemnities, the right of the people to dispose of directing the destinies of the country. ‘The one-hundredth themselves. Moreover that these organizations act with all anniversary of the birth of Karl Marx (May sth but cele- their power to obtain from their governments the necessary brated by the Russian workers on May 1st) gave special guarantees to insure that such principles may be applied significance to the festivities. An official holiday was de- honestly, and without reservation in the solution of all ques- clared throughout Russia, and the Soviet Government with tions put before the official peace conference. And that be- due ceremony erected a monument to.Karl Marx in the fore the International Conference was called at which dele- Kremlin, the place where formerly the Czars were crowned gates from the German, Austrian and Bulgarian Socialists and which now is the seat of the Socialist Government, would be present, it was necessary to determine ‘whether or not there exists a community of views sufficient to make possible a common action against imperialism and for a Great Britain democratic peact It is further brought out in the letter that the war aims ‘The Independent Labor Party, Socialist wing of the Brit- approved at the London Conference by representatives of the ish Labor Party, held its 26th Annual Conference at Leicester socialist and labor in April. ‘The party has added 158 branches since the Leeds movements of Italy, France, England and Conference in 1917; its membership has increased 50 per Belgium have been ndorsed since by the socialist and labor cent. Plans organizations of Serbia, Portugal, Greece, Canada, South were made for active participation in the next Africa, Australia and New Zealand. parliamentary elections. Out of the 300 to 400 candidates which the Labor Party hopes to place in the field, the I. L. P. So far Branting has failed in his efforts to get this memo- will contest randum to the t leaders of Germany and Austria, at least 50 seats. The delegates protested against either by letter the denial to the American Socialist Party and the British or by courier. Vorwaerts, whose editor knows Socialist Party the right to participate in the recent Inter= of Branting’s attempts, condemns the German government Allied Socialist for not permitting the communication to reach the German and Labor Conference, and while they fa- Socialists vored in general the principles adopted at that Conference, they went on record as opposed to the article dealing with territorial settlements since nothing was said about peoples of the Allied powers, subject Norway ‘The convention closed with two demonstration meetings The recent annual convention of the Norwegian Social at which Philip Snowden, M, P., Chairman of the I. L. P. Democratic Party held in Christiania has demonstrated the J. Ramsey McDonald, M. P., F. W. Jowett, M. P,, W. growth of the revolutionary wing of the movement. The nderson, M, P., Robert Smillie, President of the Miner struggle between the moderate and radical forces centered Federation, J. Bruce Glasier, Margaret Bondfield and others aroiind the question of approving the policy of mass action, spoke. Those who are watching the awakening of British general strike, and similar instrumentalities in dealing with Labor know that it is the undaunted Socialist and. inter- » the problems of militarism, high cost of living, etc. The nationalist spirit of the I. L. P., which is largely responsible principle of proletarian dictatorship as exemplified in the for it. . aL AND SOCIALIST NEWS The following cable from London, dated May 14th, shows the usual jurisdictional disputes, special problems arising out that the case of Thomas Mooney, made known to America of the war will be considered by the convention. ‘The storm via Petrograd, has also attracted the attention of British center will doubtless be the proposal to acclaim the now workers: famous Interallied Socialist and Labor Program. “The London Trade’s Council having considered evidence Several of the radical unions have already instructed their of witnesses against Tom Mooney, joins the American Fede- delegates to urge the specific endorsement both of this pro- ration of Labor in a protest against his sentence and appeals gram, and the earlier British Labor Program. Officially the for a new trial.” Federation has so far shown consistent opposition to all at- tempts of Socialist and Labor forces abroad to formulate South Africa their war aims, A strike of workers employed in the municipal electric ‘The A: F. of L. delegation which was sent to England and power plants of Johannesburg was in progress during M France will be expected to report about the influence it had ‘The strikers demanded a weekly wage of $40, and according in converting the European labor movement to the position to the latest reports, have refused to accept a compromise Of the A. F. of L., Advanced publicity sent out by the re- of $35. turning delegates indicates that they will claim the complete surrender of British and French Labor to their superior Germany wisdom, ‘The arrest and imprisonment of members of the Inde- In this connection the following excerpt from a letter of pendent Socialist Party continues, Twelve Independent So- J. Ramsay MacDonald to the writer, apropos the visit of cialists charged with high treason were recently sentenced the A. F. of L. delegation to London, is interesting by a Dresden court-martial to terms of imprisonment rang- ing from two to eight years. The circulation of revolu- ‘We go ahead here quite steadily with sunshine tionary pamphlets was their particular offence, and buffets alternating. The American Federation of Labor deputation, which has been with us for the Austria-Hungary last two weeks and which met this week with the Parliamentary committee of the Trade Union Con- The Austrian May Day proclamations, calling upon all gress and the Executive of the Labour Party has, Socialists and trade unionists to stop work on May 1st, I am sorry to say, made no very great impression strongly demand peace. The following quotations are typical upon us and has contributed nothing, except that it “On May Day, we will demonstrate in favor of a general hhas made some of us wonder at the calibre of Amer- peace and show the rulers that the Austrians do not desire ican Labour. I dare say, however, that you may be conquests, he people are tired of a war which quite justified in saying the same about the various hhas caused immeasurable suffering to the proletariat of all. deputations which our Government (please note coutitries. want only peace, based upon a these words because I do not say ‘Organized Labor’) reconciliation of all nations.” has sent to tell you about us.” Australia ‘The National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party, at its regular meeting on May 6 and 7 in Chicago, considered ‘The election for the South Australian parliament in April among other matters, the question of holding a special con- resulted in a victory for the L borites, whose representation vention to discuss the party's attitude toward the war. It is increased from 4 to 17. was decided to issue a statement informing the party mem Especially significant is the fact that out of eighteen Na- bership that in view of the existing laws no full discussion tionalists who sought re-election only seven were elected, of the question involved could be had, and that since a con- and that the Vaughn Party (those who seceded from the ference of all the state secretaries in conjunction with na- Labor Party because of the latter’s opposition to conserip- tional officials of the party, as required by the constitution, tion) did not elect a single candidate was to be held shortly, it was thought best to leave the victory in South Australia following so’ soon after question of a convention in abeyance. the sweeping victory in Queensland augurs well for the Referring to this matter, the New York Public, usually future of the Labor Party in Australia. That it wil control a careful journal, remarks in its May 18th issue that “the the next Federal Government is a foregone conclusion. This untrustworthy National Executive Committee, with Berger time it will be a Labor Party purged of its “friends’—the and Germer among its five members, has had to propose a ambitious politicians, and true to the spirit of militant In- conference of State Secretaries and national officers for ternational Socialism, August to consider the proposal.” Had the editor taken the trouble to inquire at any office of the Socialist Party in this United States city he would have been informed that annual conferences ‘The American Federation of Labor will hold its 38th of state secretaries and national officers are provided for by annual convention in St. Paul beginning June roth Besid the constitution of the Party THE LIBERATOR do? Mark that poor, Joose arm hanging so listlesly over the window sill, “A boy is sleeping there—a boy who woul Books rather play and learn and grow, but who yorks inthe base- ment of a department store, and is empty of life and very Surveys of the Promised wweary every night. Land “The winter is gone, Mary, and we will solfer no more The Rise of David Levinsky, by Abraham Cahan, those gray, freezing days, when we had no water, no coal, $1.60 net. Harper's no gi . but huddled ike refugees in our cell-like me (he House of Conrad, by Elias Tobenkin, $1.50 net. ©, the’ spring is here, Mary; the grass is growing on the Stokes. hillsides, the buds are bursting, all the fields are flush with soft growth; it is beautiful in the world. Even we here in ‘THE immigrant in America is a guest at a Barmecidian the tenements know that the spring is come; see, Mary, how feast where the host is not the jolly wag of the legend, the reviving roaches and bedbugs venture from our mouldy but a touchy, absolute, self-intoxicated old gentleman, who is terribly sensitive to criticism of his table, and who responds walls. Joy, soon the summer will be here, too!" to such insult with the brass-knuckle and the boot. There are those who know how to explain away all the Yet what can a poor immigrant do? He has no will to horror and injustice man has established. America’s slums. appear ungrateful, but what is there for him to be grateful could never dim the faith of Mary Antin in the spirit of '76, for? He cannot lie. It is too difficult even to act thankful- for she and her type have climbed up into a place in the ness when one’s belly is a void filled with east wind, The bourgeois sun, and they are grateful—so grateful for their immigrant is, as he was in Europe, a drudge and a slave deliverance! Ah, the good God; ah, the Promised Land! here in America, his days a dull journey of poverty and pain, Individuals rise from the mass, but there are always the Unemployment, industrial regimentation, penniless old age tenements remaining after them, and the deep, silent hordes are familiar old-world food to him, and it is not hard to see toiling on in darkness, even in America. Let us not forget why, finding them here, he should remain apathetic to the that rhetorical’ advantages of the new freedom, Elias Tobenkin, a Jew and an immigrant, has not been able ‘This tenement which ‘now surrounds me is exactly like to forget the struggles of his earlier years. He is a loyal the one my parents came irom in Europe, only it is larger American, he loves this great, raw land despite its faults; and viler. As I sit here by the open window of the airshaft, he wishes for it a noble destiny as passionately as does Mary reading Tobenkin’s tale of America, I can look up and down Antin, But he does not let his dream destroy his sense of the sordid, grey walls and recall the tragedy that lurks behind reality. He cannot help but paint the harried life of the every window in my vision. They are all the trite tragedies poor, for it is the only truth he has known. In his second of my people—America does not seem to have stayed a novel, “The House of Conrad,” however, he too. seems over Single familiar visitation. eager to forgive America her crimes to the poor, to hint I wish Mary Antin were here with me at this moment,— that they are due to the immigrant’s lack of adaptation, Mary Antin, the bright slum parvenu who wrote that ¢x- It is the’ story of a fine old German Socialist who comes uberant book of gratitude called “The Promised Land.” ~ 1 here during the harsh days of Bismarck, in search of free- wish she were here beside me in this particular allotment of dom, but he finds that there is as much room for the evangel her “Promised Land,” of equality in America as in Europe, and dedicates himself It is late, but the restless East Side still throbs like a great, and his young son to his dream, mufiled funeral drum in the moving streets outside our tene- Conrad meets nothing but calamity and greyness. He loses ment. Down the airshaft walls, marked with eerie squares a child through an accident, his wife dies, his son, who is a of light, strange spring warmth drifts, and there come the labor organizer, is “framed up” and sent to prison for two confused voices of the tenement, like the sound of lost years, coming back a broken man to find his wife dying of hordes who toss in darkness. Overhead, in the patch of poverty. Then the old man’s grandchildren are snatched purple sky vouchsafed us, are three quiet stars, away by some Juvenile Reform harpies, and the girl of the “Do you see, Mary Antin,” I would say, “that light on the pair “goes wrong” as a consequence, fourth floor? From that window bulging with huge bedding? All because of the old man's Socialism, Tobenkin half It burns nightly, that lamp, till almost dawn. A young medi- seems to say, because of his dogmatic idealism and stubborn cal student is seated near it, cramming for tomorrow's reci- refusal to recognize that America does not want any of his tations. In the old country, the state would have forbidden nostrums. The only solution of the immigrant’s problem him, as a Jew, to study medicine. Here capitalism forbids is to do as Conrad’s sturdy grandson did—go to California him. So he works in a dry goods store afternoons to mai and buy a ranch there and work it, tain himself, and has had three nervous breakdowns in the It is the usual bourgeois answer. If the proletariat of the last four years. But he will be a doctor or die, Mary. city are exploited and starved, why don't they move to the “Do you see the window on the third floor below his? A country? child from that home was run over by a truck while playing What would Tobenkin tell the people of the dark tene- in the streets yesterday. It is now in the hospital—the ‘ment T live in,-who came to grief not because of their dog- parents are dumb and stricken, Next window from there, mas, but because of their hereditary poverty? Would he where the pots stand in a file, is the home of a quiet little tell them to emigrate to California, too—the brokendown garment worker who has incipient consumption. He will go old men and women, flung on the scrap heap, the tired work- ‘on working till he drops—what else can a man with a family ers fit only for the shop, all the helpless little children? July, 1918 ADVERTISING SECTION 33

Why, to begin with—who would pay their fare to Cali- | fornia? No, Tobenkin’s novel merely proves that America smites | its idealists as bitterly as any nation of the old world. ‘The immigrant who comes here with a vision had better give it FORWARD ‘up, or be crushed as was old Conrad. This seems to be Toberikin’s moral, and it is a great testimony to the divinity DEDICATED TO DEMOCRATIC CONTROL AT HOME AND ABROAD of man that so few take that moral to heart. Many immi grants have suffered as did old Conrad, but Socialism is now fa sturdy plant in America, with deep, healthy roots in the native soil. A Monthly Paper of Liberal Opinion and ‘Tobenkin shows the tragedy of the idealist in the Promised Important Facte Neglected by the Press Land. Abraham Cahan, in “David Levinsky,” shows the tragedy of the immigrant who discards his ideal, and suc- cessfully adapts himself to America. David Levinsky i SPECIAL CONTRIBUTORS Russia is a poetical young student of the Talmud, who Norman Angell Peek Gerace in the dusky world of the synagogue, dwelling ever with the Emily Green Balch © Norman Hapgood ‘sweet sanctities of the Law, musing and mulling like a lover Charles A. Bennett Arthur McComb on the beauty of the Jewish tradition Lawrence G. Brooks George W. Nasyth There is nothing more charming than those dreaming old-world Jews who gave themselves up entirely to Stuart Chase Mary White Ovington young holy study, living as beggars that they might be wealthy in Arthur Fisher Amos Pinchot the knowledge of God. Cahan knew them well—was a Lewis S. Gannett Clarence B, Skinner Yeshivah Bucher himself, I suspect. And he writes of their, life with a glow and affection that kindles the page. Levinsky News of New England Liberal Organizations is so young and tender and ardent, with the dim harmonies of Brief Articles on Liberalism the World Over heavenly wings ever rustling in his ears, with the earth and sky all significant to his adolescent vision; his transition to the successful American millionaire is as tragic as the defeat of Conrad's dreams. One Dollar per year, post paid Success comes soon to Levinsky—he robs, browbeats, be- wilders, foils, sucks-dry his fellow man; he absorbs the vi-, Room 533, 120 Boylston Street, Boston, Mass. and becomes a veritable bloated sponge tality of thousands, ‘of commercial success. But at the end, lonely, surfeited, tired of so much conflict * and worldly heat, so much striving after the things that are grass, he writes a few pages of melancholy self-appraisal, Pages such as only a wealthy old Jew would have written. Levinsky cannot grow to love his power over things. He THE TRUTH cannot find victory in his fine clothes, his motor cars, his command of lackeys. He cannot forget the days of his “Your paper is good, pity that you are radi misery, and the old, beautiful self of the Synagogue. That Dept. of Justice Official. ‘was his true self—his Jewish self, the self that was of the “One fine paper, breathing the spirit of revolt.” line of David and Jesus. And so he, too, though he chose tee —E. V. Debs. the other road America offers its immigrants, came to a “Congratulations on issues received.” final sense of futility, as did Conrad. —Jim Larkin. Abraham Cahan is the veteran editor of the great East ide Socialist daily, “Forward.” He writes powerfully in Yiddish, and it is the truth-telling humanistic qualities We arouse the workers. characteristic of Yiddish literature that give his work such Shock the highbrows. distinction. His choosing an immigrant who becomes a mil- Tionaire to illustrate the spiritual failure of America is char- Make the capitalist rub his eyes. acteristic. His very title, “The Rise of David Levinsky,” is THAT IS ALL. a flash of irony. Cahan, of course, is an infinitely more capable writer than Tobenkin. The younger man rattles along too speedily, like a The rest we leave to the Liberator. newspaper reporter, and he has a fondness for happy endings Our paper is too good, no sample copies sent out. that is a little suspicious. But neither of the men care to Send one dollar and receive it weekly for one year. stop long for any of the sensuous poetry that is an accom- Paniment of all life—however sordid or tangled or terrible it Edited by Jack Carney, Late Associate Editor of may be. They are Jews, the human drama interests them Irish Worker. more than sky or sea or color or other environment, evening or dawn. These are but ephemeral—man's pains and pro- THE TRUTH, Duluth, Minn. gress are the only reality. Inwry Grasicn. ERE ss RES Sa

34 ADVERTISING SECTION THE LIBERATOR: An Old Woman in Spring IN PHILADELPHIA am an old woman, to, whom it secms that the |OHN REED, just back from Russia, was expression.”—From thoughblite of the"aged “ought to nd more. frequent arrested in Philadelphia for trying to make Conventions, Hearings, letot accompanying this poste] a speech about the organization of the Rus- "TWILIGHT on earth's green fullness mn Soviet Government. Reed has been speak- Mass Meetings, Etc. One bird alone sings. ing under the auspices of Te Liseeator, and Trees stand solemnly aware, hhas delivered his address before huge cheering, Mute with mys audiences in New York, Boston, New Haven REPRODUCED VERBATIM I will not work now. I will sit still and live, and other cities without any complaints from Breathe the breath of grass and flowers, the authorities Look at the clouds and the young leaves, The Philadelphia local of the Socialist Party, Complete Stenographic Re nd all the infinite variety ‘which got a permit from the municipal Police ports furnished in record United by the vast spitit of life Commissioner for Reed's meeting, received time and in any quantity second letter only a few hours before the How vast, how holy! time set for the speech stating that the permit Now I breathe at one with it was revoked, and giving as reasons that the Translations in All Languages, Tam A a sigh of the breeze police had heard that Reed was under in Maltigraphing, Addressing, Mim. dictment for “seditious utterances,” that he eographing, se Stenography, Tam resting on my mother's breast— hhad been arrested two weeks before in New Tam that breast, York—both charges untrue—and that, further- Long I sit thus, more, he was “connected with the Bolshevik To-morrow again the groping effort ‘movement in New York”—which we have not And the. pressure heard had been declared a CONVENTION REPORTING my life, against the Keen sword 0 crime, but Yet would I live a little longer. Reed tried to reach the police authorities, COMPANY Being uncertain of spring twilights in heaven, but they were not to be found. He inquired 32 UNION SQUARE, NEW YORK, N.Y. And a green cup like this, Of the local representative of the Federal De- Stayvetant 1963-5296 ‘Thus I bear the stabbing pain of my day— ‘of Justice and they stated that they For the benediction that waits at the close, n no orders to the police to stop the When I commune with the incomprehensible meeting. So the speaker made up. his mind ‘Through the thin veil of a spring that, as the Constitution of the United States Care is mute, twilight hhas not been revoked or suspended, the Phila- Hatred and ‘grief vanish delphia police could not lawfully abridge his hiension, in deep compre- right-of free speech, especially since his talk RED HOT fiesi"s poner tnt Unburied and wide the river contained no reference either to the war oF cal lige dogma send 1 ah Moves toward the sea. of my to the United States Government, stbeciber hottest An attempt was made to hold the meeting snd ct AGNOSTIC piperpso. If tears follow their wonted grooves in the open street, where there was no traffic, lished, Samples four diferent, 10. Seng today, T'feel them not. with a crowd of about eight hundred people. jaTHe CRUCIBLE," V.. pray, Enough bet that ask for nothing Upon the police ordering Reed to move on, he 1330 Ist Ave,, Seattle, Wash. DA DER And l, alive at it the is twilight in spring, said, “I insist upon my right to speak Either heats core, let me speak or arrest Still Gan know and feel extent of Reed's speech, me.” That was the Photne Semen ‘Thereupon he was arrested; and the crowd raising a, shout and booing the police, were THE RED HEN FARM Fifteen Years Old charged by about twenty-four officers, who itny ‘An unusual “Mountains summer boarding Rouge in the Kitt "THERE'S beat up terribly an inoffensive man, William of Norther’ New Jeter, tragedy brooding in the air Kogerman by name, financial secretary of the REQTON For particulars NC apply tiles 40 C. Gor: F, KELLEY, Neng Rei B. R. Of this New England town, local Esthonian Branch of the Socialist Part Through the gray streets, who had come to hear about the country na th Avene, N. ¥. City; Edna Kenton, And in the erumbling homes, his birth. “Kogerman was afterward accused ig Seven Arte Afapasie 134 Madison Ave, Spectres stalk—the spectres of assaulting four policemen, urging the crowd. f Age and Decay. - to rescue Reed, and resisting arrest. 1 wished to dance Reed is accused of disobeying the municipal low long ago! ordnance, inciting to riot, and “inciting to To When throw heat Five seditious’ remarks.” Jane Burr’s Drowsy Saint Inn About the bits janes—and of vivid, burning color Both men are held under $5,000 bail, for trial Wild, youthful, pulsing. sing tenes in the fall in the County Court, Lioved to feel'the sunlight ‘The Philadelphia newspapers, the police, and Week-enders and all-the-week- Flooding in waves, intense’ wit all the reactionary forces of the city attempted Loved to feel the rain, life— to drag into this simple free speech case the arounders cordially invited. Sibi, “patriotic” issue. Many of the local papers WRITE FOR PARTICULARS aving and lapping, expended much space in describing the “riot” On the fresh mornings which never occurred—and the seditious In the wild nights I wanted shouts of the crowd—which were never ut- To run naked in the wierd moonlight tered, Many students. have Intoxicated with my own youth and beauty, There is no question of the war policy here ESPERANTO Aiseovered that by And the joy of Being Reed was going to deliver his usual speech i Hinguage as a dont, sloring Gate “out with the In this happy, throbbing. universe about Russia, and the crowd which came to odoin languages ‘Bave’ been wonterfal ties aided ia hear him was composed largely of Russians ‘complete and “sinplited. grammer “Convince "yourstit. ‘Sead’ gfe But when I tried to who wanted to get the truth about what was and diclonarys They" bade me pray! dance happening in their country. ESPERANTO SOCIETY And now I do not long to dance— ‘Tue Enrrons, 633 Creston Ave, New York, No Y. For I'know Mist fade and that eu 1, too, have dreamed of the glad, gay world— Of carnivals snd_bright cities. THE ONLY STUDENT’S CO-OPERATIVE SCHOOL MSS. Successfully Placed Ip Bat thie 1 must dying stay town 150 E, 3rd Street CRITICIZED, REVISED, TYPED fy soaring, golden dreams PREPARATION FOR REGENTS Send for leet L Established 1890 Are dust and‘ashes, COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMS AND References: Edwin Markham and others Hazst Hawemonne. ‘Mention Liberator ———__1 United Literary Press, 123 5th Ave, N.Y.

How I Improved My Memor In One Evening The Amazing Experience of Victor Jones

evening. This is not a guess, because I years to be able to switch the big search “Of course I place you! Mr. Addison have done it with thousands’ of pupils. Tight on your mind and see instantly every Sims of Seattle. T do re- In the first of seven simple lessons. which thing’ you want to remember. if T remember correctly—and Burroughs, the L have prepared for home study, 1 show This Roth Course will do wonders i member “correstiy Mr. the you the basic principle of my whole sys your ofce. Tunbermany introduced me to. you Club at three tem and you will find it—not hard work Since we took it up, you never hear jompeon of the Seattle This Rotary Je a pleasure in- as you might fear—but just like playing one in our office say “T gucss” or “1 thin luncheato in May. lad. eyen on You. since a fascinating game. I will prove it to {twas ‘about so much?” or "I forget thal yea *F° paven'? business? you.” Tight now” or “I ean’ temember™ or eet gay. "How is the grain work He didn’t have to prove it. His Course Inust look up. his name.” Now they_ ar that Gay gid’ that amalgamation did; I got it the very next day from his THEht there with the answer—like a shot} eg the publishers, the Independent Corporation. Have you ever heard of “3fultigraph” ‘The assurance of this, speaker—in the first lesson, I sup- "Real name H, Q. Smith, Divison erdiied corridor of the Hotel MeAIpin— When I tackled man in smith? Multigraph Sales Com crowelled me to turn and look at him, pose T'was the most surprised Manager ‘of, the habie forty-eight states to find that I had any, Led,, in Montreal. Here is just a Fees must sey i is not my usual learned—in, about one hour—how to re- ER'Hom a deter of his that saw last foifsten in” even in a hotel Tobby. member a list of one hundred words so fe is David M, Roth, the most famous that T could call them off forward and Hore isthe whole & shell expert in the United States,” said memory Kennedy, answering my” ques- back without a single mistake. Corse Me ith simple, in iy find ‘That first lesson stuck. And so did the Wn before I could get it out “tie will other six. of a log. Yet With one hour @ day How you a fot_more wonderful things PFean practices improve anyone—T his don't care “0% who he in is a evening is over.” Read this letter from C. Louis Allen, han tat; before the who at 32 years became president of & week and 1.000% in ‘And he did. corporation, the Pyrene we went into the banquet room the million dollar New York, My advice to you is don't wait anothe ‘As Company of was introducing a long line Manufacturing minute, Send to Independent Corporation| toastmaster ‘makers of the famous fire extinguisher: for Mr. Roth's amazing course and seo} ‘of the guests to Mr. Roth. I got in line Now that the Roth Memory Course is what a’ wonderful memory you have go fand when it came my turn, Mr. Roth finished, T-want to tell you how much T Your dividends in inereased earning power| ‘asked, “What are your initials, Mr. Jones, fave enjoyed. the study Of this fand your business connection and tele- inating subject, Usually these will be enormous. phone number?” Why he asked this, I reat, deal of drudgery, but this Victor JONES fearned later, when he picked out from ‘been ‘nothing but pure pleasure all the the erowd the 60 men he had met two rough. if have derived much bene Send No Money hours before and called each by name “iiking stil the course continue of to strength So confident is the Independent Corpora-| without a mistake, What is more, he and my memory... ‘That is the best part of tion, the publishers of the Roth Memory and telephone en named each man’s business "F shall be glad of an opportunity Course, that once you have an opportunity] number, for good measure. $2. yout work to my friends.” to see in your own home how easy it is to I won't tell you all the other amazing Mr. Allen didn’t put it a bit too strong. double, yes, triple your memory power inl things this man did except to tell how he The Roth Course is priceless! I can a few short hours, that they are willing to called back, without a minute’s hesitation, on my memory now. Send the course on free examinatio Tong lists of numbers, bank clearings, absolutely count any man I have Don't send any money. Merely mail the| prices, lot numbers, parcel post rates and ean call the name of most all coupon or write a letter and the complete} Snything else the guests gave him in rapid met before—and I am getting better T course will be sent, all charges prepaid, at the time. I ean remember, any figures If you are not entirely satisfied send| once. wish {0 remember. Telephone numbers within five days after you! come to mind instantly, once I have filed ft back any time Roth again—which you them by Mx. Roth's easy method. Street reeeive it and you will owe nothing. When I met Mr. On the other hand, if you are as pleased| may be sure I did the first chance I got— addresses are just as easy. men and hhe rather bowled me over by saying, in ‘The old fear of forgetting (you know zs are the thousands of other is) has vanished. ‘I used to be Women who have used the course send| modest way: what that quiet, “geared stiff” on my feet—because I wasn't only $5, im fall payment, You take “There is nothing miraculous to-remem- about my sure. I couldn't remember what I wanted risk and you have everything to gain, so remembering anything 1 want to say. mail the coupon now before this remark- ber, whether it be names, faces, figures, sure of myself, and confi- able offer is withdrawn. facts or something I have read in a mag- Now I am old shoe” when I “easy as an azine. dent, and club, or at a banquet, FREE EXAMINATION COUPON at the on my feet get “You can do this just as easily as I do. Sr in a business meeting, or in any social Anyone ‘with an average mind can learn gathering. quickly to do exactly the same things most enjoyable part of it Corporation ‘Which seem s0 miraculous when I do them. Perhaps the a good conversa- ‘Independent _ciMfy own memory,” continued Mr, Roth, all is that I have become as a Division of Bsinese Education, 119 West 40h S.New Yr ‘was originally very faulty. Yes it was Gionalist—and I used to be as silent Publishers of The Independent (and Harper's Weekly)

FREE SPEECH AND FREE PRESS

SCOTT NEARING

Scott, Nearing was indicted in April, 1918, for having Scott Nearing has laid fame, money, ambition, written “The Great Madness,"” a. pamphlet containing even liberty itself upon the alt ‘or the Services he ific observations and social convictions upon has rendered, he will accept nothing. He does not ask certain problems arising out of the Great War and the even the expense of his defense in court. But those ions of Big Business to that cataclysmic struggle. with whom he has associated do ask that a sufficient Freedom of speech and of the press, and the constitutional e contributed to meet the cost of rights, were brought to bar in that ing, and with him the right of free jent. Tt has no less significance than that—no speech and free press for the radical movement, the indictment could have gre best possible legal defense, The Nearing Defense Club consists of a Thousand People, each of whom will give or raise five dollars to help cover the expenses of the trial. Will you be one of the thousand? Send your check or money order to the NEARING DEFENSE COMMITTEE, 138 West 13th St., New York City Then have your family and friends do the same. Few of us will be prosecuted; All of us can help!