Socialist Collections in the Tamiment Library 1872-1956

Home , Adolph Germer, Algernon Lee, August Claessens, Clarence Senior, James Oneal, Jasper McLevy

Socialist Collections in the Tamiment Library 1872-1956 ,

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A Guide To The Microfilm Edition

Edited by Thomas C. Pardo

!NIYfn Microfilming Corporation of America 1.J.J.J A New York Times Company This guide accesses the 68 reels that comprise the microfilm edition of the Socialist Collections in the Tamiment Library, 1872-1956. Information on the availability of this collection and the guide may be obtained by writing:

Microfilming Corporation of America 1620 Hawkins Avenue/P.O. Box 10 Sanford, North Carolina 27330

PREFACE v

NOTE TO THE RESEARCHER . vii

INTRODUCTION . . • 1

BRIEF REEL LIST 3

COLLECTION I. SOCIALIST MINUTEBOOKS, 1872-1907 • 5

COLLECTION II. SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY PAPERS, 1900-1905 . • • . • . • • • . . 9

COLLECTION III. SOCIALIST LABOR PARTY PAPERS, 1879-1900 13

COLLECTION IV. SOCIALIST PARTY PAPERS, NEW YORK STATE, 1906-1912 . • • • • • • . • 17

COLLECTION V. SOCIALIST PARTY, LOCAL NEW YORK, LETTER BOOKS, 1907-1914 .•••••.•. 19

COLLECTION VI. SOCIALIST PARTY MINUTES, 1900-1936 . 29

COLLECTION VII • SOCIALIST ALDERMEN PAPERS, 1917-1920 33

COLLECTION VIII. SOCIALIST ASSEMBLYMEN PAPERS, 1920 . 37

COLLECTION IX. SOCIALIST PARTY CORRESPONDENCE, 1902-1947 39

COLLECTION X. SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC FEDERATION RECORDS, 1933-1956 . . . . . • • . . . . • .. 51

COLLECTION XI. AMERICAN LABOR CONFERENCE ON INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS RECORDS, 1939-1950 .•.•.••. 59

COLLECTION XII. INTERCOLLEGIATE SOCIALIST SOCIETY RECORDS, 1900-1921 • • • • • • . . . • • • 85

COLLECTION XIII. RAND SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RECORDS, 1901-1956 • • • • • • . . • 93

COLLECTION XIV. AUGUST CLAESSENS PAPERS, 1906-1955 • 145

COLLECTION XV. GEORGE D. HERRON PAPERS, 1905-1922 • 155

iii COLLECTION XVI. ALGERNON LEE PAPERS, 1896-1954 ••• 157

COLLECTION XVII. LENA MORROW LEWIS PAPERS, 1899-1951 163

COLLECTION XVIII. WILLIAM MAILLY PAPERS, 1907-1913 ••• 169

COLLECTION XIX. ROSE PASTOR STOKES PAPERS, 1905-1933 175

iv PREFACE

The Microfilming Corporation of America wishes to thank Dorothy Swanson, Head of Special Collections at the Elmer Holmes Bobst Library, at New York University, for her interest and kind assistance in making the micro film edition of Socialist Collections in the Tamiment Library available to scholars.

NOTE TO THE RESEARCHER

The Microfilming Corporation of America does not own the copyright for the manuscripts or printed items included in this microfilm edition. It is the respon sibility of an author to secure permission for publication from the holder of such rights for materials in this microfilm edition.

vii

INTRODUCTION

The microfilm edition of the Socialist Collections in the Tamiment Library, l8?2-l956, is a valuable source for investigating and under standing many aspects of American socialism during the late 19th and 20th centuries. The 19 manuscript collections in this microfilm edition con tain significant information about the formative period in American socialism, the intellectual and political pursuits of American socia lists, the Socialist Party and its numerous internal conflicts, and socialist and progressive organizations not often included in tradi tional studies on America! social protest. Within this microfilm edition are thirteen collections relating to socialist and progressive organizations and six collections relating to important socialist figures. The organizational collections include the Socialist Minute Books, 1872-1907; Social Democratic Party Papers, 1900-1905; Socialist Labor Party Papers, 1879-1900; Socialist Party Papers, New York State, 1906-1912; Socialist Party, Local New York, Letter Books, 1907-1914; Socialist Party Minutes, 1900-1936; Socialist Aldermen Papers, 1917-1920; Socialist Assemblymen Papers, 1920; Socialist Party Correspondence, 1902- 1947; Social Democratic Federation Records, 1933-1956; American Labor Conference on International Affairs Records, 1939-1950; Intercollegiate Socialist Society Records, 1900-1921; and the Rand School of Social Science Records, 1901-1956. The collections relating to prominent socialist figures are the August Claessens Papers, 1906-1955; George D. Herron Papers, 1905-1922; Algernon Lee Papers, 1896-1954; Lena Morrow Lewis Papers, 1899-1951; William Mailly Papers, 1907-1913; and the Rose Pastor Stokes Papers, 1905-1933.

Before proceeding with an explanation of the guide to this micro film edition, a special comment should be made about the Tamiment Library and its historical development. The Tamiment Library traces its origins to the founding of the Rand School of Social Science in 1906. Initially begun with gifts from students, faculty members, alumni, and other sup porters, the Library soon acquired many books, pamphlets, brochures, political journals, periodicals, government documents, and newspapers relating to socialist, progressive, and labor causes. In 1926, the Library was named the Meyer London Memorial Library in honor of the New York City socialist congressman. From the late 1920s until the mid- 1950s, the Library's holdings were augmented by additional materials from the Rand School Press, manuscript collections from individual and organizational donors (some of which are included in this microfilm edition), and numerous publications from labor and socialist groups. Among the most prominent of these acquisitions were the Eugene Victor Debs Collection of scrapbooks, writings, periodicals, and books per taining to Debs and his brother Theodore; a massive pamphlet collection containing information on such subject areas as the role of women in socialism and in the labor force, civil rights, labor union strikes, trade unionism, Christianity and socialism, and Zionism; and the Fund for the Republic collection of books, pamphlets, government documents, and periodicals on American communism. When the Rand School closed in

1 1956, the Library was taken over by the Tamiment Institute. The Library was later donated to New York University in 1963 where it has bean enriched with additional labor and social protest literature. Today, the Tamiment Library at New York University is recognized as one of the most comprehensive and authoritative repositories for primary and secondary sources relating to radical and labor movements.

The guide to the microfilm edition of the Socialist Collections in the Tamiment Library, l872-l956, consists of a brief reel list for the entire collection and a scope and content note for each collection. In most instances, the scope and content note is divided into three major sections. The first section contains a brief historical statement about the particular organization or person. It should be pointed out that this statement was written for most, but not all, of the collections in this microfilm edition. The second section of the scope and content note is a detailed description of the arrangement of the collection. This description not only conveys information about how the cdllection was organized, but it also offers some insight into the collection's key features, including major correspondents. The third section of the scope and content note is a complete reel list. The reel list gives full citations for the collection's contents as well as the location of these contents on the microfilm.

Each collection in this microfilm edition and its contents have been furnished with frame number designations. In general, each collection has been assigned a Roman numeral and each subject file within a collection has been assigned an Arabic numeral as frame number designations on the microfilm. For example, the frame number, I:3, indicates that this is the third subject file in the first collection, or more precisely the third volume in the Socialist Minute Books collection. On several occa sions, a collection has been organized into various series. In these instances, each series has been assigned an·alphabetical frame desig nation, i.e. XIII:A (indicating Collection 13, Series A). There are additional rules pertaining to the assignment of frame numbers in these collections. It is, therefore, recommended that the researcher study the scope and content note of a particular collection for such information.

2 BRIEF REEL LIST

Reels 1-2 COLLECTION I. SOCIALIST MINUTEBOOKS, 1872-1907

Reel 3 COLLECTION II. SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY PAPERS, 1900-1905

Reel 4 COLLECTION III. SOCIALIST LABOR PARTY PAPERS, 1879- 1900

Reel 5 COLLECTION IV. SOCIALIST PARTY PAPERS, NEW YORK STATE, 1906-1912

Reels 6-8 COLLECTION V. SOCIALIST PARTY, LOCAL NEW YORK, LETTER BOOKS, 1907-1914

Reels 9-10 COLLECTION VI. SOCIALIST PARTY MINUTES, 1900-1936

Reel 11 COLLECTION VII. SOCIALIST ALDERMEN PAPERS, 1917-1920

Reel 12 COLLECTION VIII. SOCIALIST ASSEMBLYMEN PAPERS, 1920

Reels 13-14 COLLECTION IX. SOCIALIST PARTY CORRESPONDENCE, 1902-1947

Reels 15-18 COLLECTION X. SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC FEDERATION RECORDS, 1933-1956

Reels 19-26 COLLECTION XI. AMERICAN LABOR CONFERENCE ON INTER NATIONAL AFFAIRS RECORDS, 1939-1950

Reels 27-28 COLLECTION XII. INTERCOLLEGIATE SOCIALIST SOCIETY RECORDS, 1900-1921

Reels 29-55 COLLECTION XIII. RAND SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RECORDS, 1901-1956

Reel 56 COLLECTION XIV. AUGUST CLAESSENS PAPERS, 1906-1955

Reel 57 COLLECTION XV. GEORGE D. HERRON PAPERS, 1905-1922

Reels 58-62 COLLECTION XVI. ALGERNON LEE PAPERS, 1896-1954

Reels 63-65 COLLECTION XVII. LENA MORROW LEWIS PAPERS, 1899-1951

Reel 66 COLLECTION XVIII. WILLIAM MAILLY PAPERS, 1907-1913

Reels 67-68 COLLECTION XIX. ROSE PASTOR STOKES PAPERS, 1905-1933

COLLECTION I

SOCIALIST MINUTE BOOKS, 1872-1907

The Socialist Minute Books, 1872-1907, consist of 32 volumes per taining to the Socialist Labor Party, Social Democratic Party, and other socialist organizations. The volumes in this collection have been assigned frame numbers, 1-31; volume 14 has a supplementary volume with the frame number, 14a. The frame numbers and the title of each volume is located in the complete reel list which follows this description of the arrangement of the collection. The researcher should also note that an error was made in the targeting for this collection. On each frame, the word "Series" appears adjacent to the frame number. This term should actually be interpreted as "Collection".

Each volume in this collection has been supplied with a target sheet which gives the title of the volume and the inclusive dates for the items within the volume. Additional target sheets have been fur nished to indicate the last page in the volume as well as missing or blank pages. The pages in each of these volumes have been numbered. Some volumes have loose pages which were inserted at appropriate locations. Each of these inserts was assigned the page number adjacent to the item and a letter. For example, the number 81A, refers to the first insert adjacent to page 81 in a particular volume. The material within each volume is arranged in chronological order, although there are some volumes or parts of volumes which may not be in complete order. It should also be pointed out that a few of these volumes are incomplete.

Almost half of the volumes in this collection pertain to the New York City local of the Socialist Labor Party. The 15 volumes relating to the Socialist Labor Party include minutes of branch and committee meetings. Some of the volumes were written in German. The second largest quantity of minutes in this collection pertaining to the New York City local of the Social Democratic Party. The 13 volumes relating to this organization, which changed its name to the Socialist Party in 1906, include convention proceedings and minutes of various branches and committees.

There are also miscellaneous volumes in this collection which offer added information about early socialist activities in the United States. The first volume in this collection is a minute book, written in German, of the Arbeiterzeitung editorial board. The Arbeiterzeitung was the major publication of the German section of the International Working men' s Association of New York. Other minutes included in this collection pertain to the Philadelphia TagebZatt Publishing Society (I:2, I:l4), the New York City local of the International Vestmakers Union (the first 64 pages of I:8, written in German), and the Shirt, Waist, and Laundry Workers International Union (I:27).

5 Collection I (Cont.)

Reel l 1. Arbeiterzeitung Constitution and Minutes, New York City, 16 November 1872-12 October 1874

2. Philadelphia TagebZatt Minutes, 14 November 1877- 29 July 1878

3. Socialist Labor Party (Sozialistische Arbeiter Partei) Minutes, New York City, 9 October 1878-22 September 1888

4. Socialist Labor Party, Central Committee Minutes, New York City, 2 January 1880-8 February 1881

5. Socialist Labor Party, Central Committee Minutes, Roll of Officers, Roll of Delegates, and Ledger Accounts, New York City, 9 July 1881-1 June 1883

6. Socialist Labor Party (Sozialistische Arbeiter Partei), Central Committee Minutes, New York City, 12 June 1883- 17 June 1884

7. Socialist Labor Party, Vergnugungs Committee Minutes, New York City, 7 May 1886-19 January 1888

8. Socialist Labor Party, Central Committee Minutes, New York City, 1 April 1886-25 March 1897

9. Socialist Labor Party, Central Comrnittee Minutes, New York City, 27 October 1891-26 April 1892

10. Socialist Labor Party, City Committee Minutes, New York City, 2 October 1888-19 September 1889

11. Socialist Labor Party, Branch 12 Minutes, New York City, 9 March 1888-17 October 1889

Reel 2 12. Socialist Labor Party, Kings County Minutes, New York City, 30 March 1891-25 May 1891, 20 March 1895- 15 June 1896

13. Socialist Labor Party, Kings County Committee Minutes, New York City, 29 November 1895-12 February 1897

14. Philadelphia TagebZatt Publication Society Minutes, 9 December 1896-12 December 1901

14a. Socialist Labor Party, Convention Proceedings, New York City, 20 December 1896-25 April 1897

15. Socialist Labor Party, Grievance Committee Minutes, New York City, 2 August 1898-20 July 1900

6 Collection I (Cont.)

Reel 2 (Cont.)

16. Socialist Labor Party, City Executive Committee Minutes, New York City, 13 July 1899-23 July 1902 May Day Conference Minutes, New York City, 15 January 1898-11 April 1899

17. Socialist Labor Party, General Committee Minutes, New York City, 23 July 1899-14 May 1904

18. Social Democratic Party, May Day Parade Conference Minutes, New York City, 6 October [1899?], 16 March 1900-27 April 1900

19. Social Democratic Party, Municipal Committee Minutes, New York City, 2 December 1900-13 January 1901

20. Socialist Labor Party, Thirty-First Assembly District Minutes, New York City, 2 November 1898-27 April 1899 Social Democratic Party, City Campaign Cormnittee Min utes, New York City, [October] 1900-31 October 1900

21. Social Democratic Party, Executive Committee Minutes, New York City, 27 July 1902-19 January 1904

22. Social Democratic Party, Grievance Conunittee Minutes, New York City, 17 March 1903-4 June 1903

23. Social Democratic Party, Sixth and Tenth Assembly Dis tricts' Minutes, New York City, 4 August 1903-21 June 1906

24. Social Democratic Party, City Executive Committee Min utes, New York City, 2 February 1904-6 February 1905

25. Social Democratic Party, City Executive Committee Min utes, New York City, 13 February 1905-30 April 1906

26. Social Democratic Party, City Convention Minutes, New York City, 22 June 1901

27. Shirt, Waist, and Laundry Workers International Union Minutes, New York City, 13 September 1902-4 November 1904

28. Social Democratic Party, General Conunittee Minutes, New York City, 11 June 1904-14 April 1906

29. Social Democratic Party, New York State Committee Minutes, 23 August 1904-23 May 1906

7 Collection I (Cont.)

Reel 2 (Cont.)

30. Social Democratic Party, Thirtieth Assembly District Minutes, New York City, 11 May 1904-23 January 1907

31. Socialist Party, General Committee Minutes, New York City, 28 April 1906-22 December 1906

8 COLLECTION II

SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PARTY PAPERS, 1900-1905

The Social Democratic Party was established in 1898 as a result of the fractious in-fighting between two major groups in the short-lived Social Democracy of America. Organized by Eugene V. Debs on 15 June 1897, the Social Democracy of America consisted of members from the American Railway Union and the Brotherhood of the Cooperative Conunon weal th. Shortly after its inception, the Social Democracy was con fronted with a major split in its ranks. The split occurred between the following two factions: (1) the "colonizationalists" who supported Debs' scheme to form a socialist state in "one of the states of the Union"; and (2) the "political wing" which emphasized a concrete program of political action for the Social Democracy. The controversy lasted for one year before reaching a climax at the second national conven tion of the Social Democracy in June 1898. During this convention, the political group withdrew from the organization after the coloniza tionists' program was adopted by the delegates.

After bolting the convention, the political group, led by Victor Berger, held their own meeting and established the Social Democratic Party. From the viewpoint of its membership, the Social Democratic Party was "a class-conscious, revolutionary, social organization." In its platform, the party demanded the initiative and referendum, a public works program to help reduce unemployment, a system of collective pro duction and distribution, a national insurance plan, and the abolition of war as it pertained to the United States.

The Social Democratic Party achieved some local successes after its formation. During the 1898 elections, the party elected a mayor in Haverhill, Massachusetts, and sent two socialists to the Massachusetts state legislature. In 1899, independent socialist organizations from Texas and Iowa merged with the Social Democrats. When the party met in its first national convention in March 1900 at Indianapolis, it had more than 4500 members with 226 branches in 25 states.

At the Indianapolis convention, the moderate wing of the Socialist Labor Party, which had recently established an independent headquarters in Rochester, New York, attended the sessions and proposed a merger between the two organizations. The former Socialist Labor Party members, known as the "Kangaroos", had already nominated Job Harriman for Presi dent and Max Hayes for Vice President, but they offered to withdraw Harriman's name if they could select the Vice Presidential candidate on a joint ticket. Many of the rank and file Social Democrats supported the merger, but the party leadership was highly reluctant to join with socialists who had only recently disassociated themselves from the power ful rule of Daniel De Leon. For the next several months, the leaders of both organizations met on several occasions to negotiate a merger.

9 Collection II (Cont.)

During these meetings, accusations and charges were made by both sides on issues ranging from the Presidential ticket to the new name for the party. Because of this bickering, negotiations toward eventual merger were un successful, but both groups did agree to support Debs for President and Harriman for Vice President.

As public interest in the Debs' campaign increased, the rivalry between the two organizations subsided. This cooperation proved to be quite useful for the Social Democrats because it enabled its members to secure additional support for the Debs-Harriman ticket. On Election Day, these efforts were rewarded as Debs received nearly 97,000 votes as compared with only 34,000 votes for De Leon's Socialist Labor Party ticket. Due to the outcome of the election, the Kangaroos and the Social Democrats were more willing to work together on the merger issue. Finally, at the second Unity Convention in Indianapolis in 1901, the Kangaroos merged with the Social Democrats and thus established the Socialist Party of America.

The Social Democratic Party Papers, 1900-1905, are organized into 11 files consisting of legal papers, minutes, circular letters, financial papers, correspondence, and miscellaneous items. These files are arranged in chronological order, with the exception of the last three files. Each file has been provided with a frame number. It should be pointed out that the items within each file are cited in the complete reel list which follows this description of the arrangement of the col lection. The researcher should also note that an error was made in the targeting for this collection. On each frame the word "Series" appears adjacent to the frame number. This term should actually be interpreted as "Collection".

The papers in this collection pertain to various committees of the New York City local of the Social Democratic Party. (In 1906, this local changed its name to the Socialist Party.) Of special interest in this collection are the minutes of the New York City Executive Commit tee, Grievance Committee, and General Committee; reports of electoral activities; a membership roll book for 1904; and the constitution of the Social Democratic Party of New York State. The collection also contains a municipal platform from the Social Democratic Party of Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Reel 3 1. Constitution of the Social Democratic Party of New York State, [1900) Two financial records, nd

2. Circular letter from William Butscher, National Secretary of the Social Democratic Party, 8 May 1901 Municipal Platform adopted by the Social Democratic Party of Ann Arbor, Michigan, 6 March 1901

10 Collection II (Cont.)

Reel 3 (Cont.)

3. City Executive Committee Minutes, New York City, 15 June 1901-18 December 1901 (typescript) Delegates to the City Convention of the Social Democratic Party, 22 June 1901 Report of the Preliminary Campaign Conunittee, [June 1901]

4. City Executive Committee Minutes, Local New York, 10 January 1902-23 July 1902 (typescript) Rules and Regulations for Primaries of the Social Democratic Party of the County of New York, 12 July 1902 ALS, A. Welton James to E. M. Martin, 7 July 1902 Agenda for a meeting of the Social Democratic Party, Local New York, [1902]

5. ALS, William J. Hanuneriam to General Committee, 27 July 1903 Grievance Committee Minutes, Local New York, 6 July 1903 and 6 August 1903 Executive Conunittee Minutes, Local New York, 28 July 1903 and 4 August 1903 Three miscellaneous items, [1903]

6. General Committee Minutes, Local New York, 14 May 1904 Correspondence, circular and mimeographed letters, Local New York, 9 June 1904-3 December 1904 Miscellaneous items, [1904]

7. Membership Roll Book, New York City, 1904

8. Correspondence, minutes, handbills, clippings, leaflets, Local New York, 16 January 1905-26 June 1905 The People ex. rel. Edward W. Searing against The Social Democratic Party, Local New York, The General Conunittee, Supreme Court of New York County, 1905

9. Open Air Meetings, Local New York, 1904

10. Financial Records and Contributors, Local New York, 1902 and 1904

11. Undated matter, Local New York

COLLECTION I II

SOCIALIST LABOR PARTY PAPERS, 1879-1900

The Socialist Labor Party (SLP), founded in 1877, was the first significant American socialist organization. It was also one of the most important organizations in the early socialist period because its history of internal conflicts set the pattern for the factionalist tendencies that later plagued the Socialist Party.

For the first 15 years known as the Socialistic Labor Party (more commonly known by its German title, Sozialistische Arbeiter-Partei), the SLP was hampered by numerous struggles between various ideological factions. The conservative group, who were disciples of socialist theoretician Ferdinand Lassalle, were committed to a purely political program. Although they managed to retain control of the party organi zation until 1889 and, during this period, were even able to support several non-socialist movements like the Greenback movement of 1880 and Henry George's "Single Tax" campaign in 1886, they were able to do so only within the context of bitter internal struggles.

During the 1890s, the radical element in the party purged the Lassallean wing and entered upon the most aggressive and successful period of the SLP's history. Much of the party's success at this time was due to the leadership of Daniel De Leon. Under De Leon's supervision, the SLP was transformed into a doctrinaire Marxian movement. It re pudiated both its own earlier tendency to political reformism and also the type of trade mion activity practiced by the American Federation of Labor (AFL). In its place, the SLP developed a revolutionary pro gram of militant trade unionism and political action. In opposition to the AFL, De Leon and the SLP organized the Socialist Trade and Labor Alliance in 1895 and participated in the formation of the Indus trial Workers of the World in 1905. After 1894, the SLP also withdrew from all progressive and populist movements and dedicated itself to a program which advocated immediate revolutionary conversion to an indus trial democracy.

The decline of the SLP dates from the winter of 1900 when a group of moderates, led by Morris Hillquit, split from the party and gathered in Rochester, New York, for a special convention to determine an alter native socialist program. Known as the "Kangaroos", Hillquit's faction not only resented the autocratic and dogmatic discipline imposed by De Leon, but they advocated a more conservative socialist program which consisted of support for the AFL's craft-union policy and a gradualistic approach toward achieving a socialist state in America. Eventually Hillquit and his followers joined the Social Democratic Party in organizing the Socialist Party of America in 1901. Following the withdrawal of the "Kangaroos" and De Leon's death in 1914, the SLP's decline accelerated to the point in which its principal activity, for many years, was restricted to agitation of a purely educational nature.

13 Collection III (Cont.)

The Socialist Labor Party Papers, 1879-1900, consist of 40 subject files, many of which pertain to SLP state chapters. Each subject file has been assigned a frame number. A list of these subject files can be found in the complete reel list which follows this description of the arrangement of the collection. The researcher should also note that an error was made in the targeting for this collection. On each frame, the word "Series" appears adjacent to the frame number. This term should actually be interpreted as "Collection".

The first seven files pertain to the records of the national head quarters and the New York City local. These files include minutes, correspondence, circular letters, articles, lists, and financial papers. These files as well as the items within the files have been arranged in chronological order. Of special interest in these files are the Central Committee (III:l) and Grievance Committee (III:4) minutes of the New York City local. There are also several items from the National Board of Appeals of the SLP (III:S). This committee was established for the purpose of ruling on various grievances made by party members. This file primarily consists of correspondence from Robert Bandlow, the Board's secretary, to Henry Slobodkin, the acting national secretary of the SLP.

There are 32 files pertaining to SLP state chapters in this col lection. The largest files in this part of the collection pertain to state chapters in California (III:lO), Connecticut (III:l2), Illinois (III:l4), Massachusetts (III:21), New Jersey (III:27), and New York (III:28). Most of the other state chapters have relatively small files. The state chapter files are arranged in alphabetical order according to the name of the state. The only exception to this order are the papers of the District of Columbia local which follow the Maryland chapter papers (III:20). Items within each chapter file have been arranged in chronological order, with undated items placed at the end of the file. Each state file is cited in the complete reel list. The number enclosed in parentheses at the end of each state's entry in the complete reel list indicates the total number of items for that particular state.

The contents of the state chapter files primarily relate to the SLP conflict between the "Kangaroos" and De Leon's supporters. The material pertaining to this conflict is quite informative and offers the scholar a unique insight into how the various chapters and regions of the country reacted to this particular event. Other items within these files which reflect routine chapter business include grievance reports, financial reports, information about SLP publications, applications for new local chapters, resolutions, and general correspondence.

There are approximately 13 miscellaneous items located at the end of the collection (III:40). These items are arranged in chronological order and pertain to routine SLP operations.

14 Collection III (Cont.)

Reel 4 1. Central Committee Minutes, Section New York, 27 August 1879-28 November 1879 (typed transcript of the original minutes)

2. National Executive Conunittee Papers, 1 July 1885-26 July 1886, nd

3. Miller (?), L., "To All Comrades and the General Public" (Hebrew and English translation) Circular letter from William Leaf, 15 January 1897

4. Grievance Committee Minutes, Local New York, August 1899 General Conunittee List of Delegates, Local New York, [1899] ALS, R. Grossman to the General Committee of the Socialist Labor Party, Section New York, 23 February 1900

5. National Board of Appeals, Cleveland, 8 January 1899- 14 January 1900

6. National Papers, 12 May 1900, 3 June 1900, nd

7. National Executive Committee, Canada, 21 January 1900, nd

8. Alabama, 14 August 1899 (1 i tern)

9. Arizona, 13 June 1899-4 October 1899 (6 items)

10. California, 2 February 1897-20 June 1900, nd (54 items)

11. Colorado, 16 July 1899-13 April [1900] (8 items)

12. Connecticut, 15 July 1899-16 June 1900, nd (68 i terns)

13. Delaware, 19 February 1900 and 18 March 1900 (2 items)

14. Illinois, 9 May 1899-15 December 1900 (39 items)

15. Indiana, 30 July 1899-11 December 1899 (4 items)

16. Iowa, 6 December 1899 (1 item)

17. Kansas, 8 August 1899-26 March 1900 (3 items)

18. Kentucky, 18 July 1899 and 4 September 1899 (2 items)

19. Maine, 12 October 1899-19 June 1900 (4 items)

20. Maryland, 5 March 1899-25 March 1900 (9 items) District of Columbia, 21 July 1899 and 16 August 1899 (2 items)

15 Collection III (Cont.)

Reel 4 (Cont.)

21. Massachusetts, 16 June 1899-1 July 1900, nd (111 items)

22. Michigan, 14 August 1899-7 June 1900, nd (24 items)

23. Minnesota, 26 July 1899-29 April 1900 (12 items)

24. Missouri, 6 August 1899-12 July 1900 (22 items)

25. Nebraska, 28 August 1899 and 26 September 1899 (2 items)

26. New Hampshire, 14 March 1900-10 June 1900, nd (12 items)

27. New Jersey, l July 1899-30 June 1900, nd (54 items)

28. New York, 5 July 1899-[15 August 1900], nd (100 items)

29. Ohio, 12 July 1899-8 June 1900 (27 items)

30. Oklahoma, [December 1899]-4 March 1900 (7 items)

31. Pennsylvania, 14 August 1899-9 May 1900 (26 items)

32. Puerto Rico, 27 September 1899 and 18 February 1900 (2 items)

33. Rhode Island, 28 August 1899-2 October 1899 (3 items)

34. Texas, 27 March 1899-1 July 1900 (5 items)

35. Utah, 5 September 1899 (1 item)

36. Vermont, 8 February 1898-10 June 1900, nd (9 items)

37. Virginia, 25 September 1899, nd (2 items)

38. Washington, 27 July 1899-12 April 1900 (11 items)

39. Wisconsin, 18 July 1899-6 June 1900 (7 items)

40. Miscellaneous, 9 January 1900-21 August 1900, nd (13 items)

16 COLLECTION IV

SOCIALIST PARTY PAPERS, NEW YORK STATE, 1906-1912

The Socialist Party Papers, New York State, 1906-1912, consist of two items, a letter book of John C. Chase, the New York state secretary, and a membership roll book. The items contained in the letter book are arranged in chronological order. Unfortunately, the legibility of these items on microfilm is poor. Much of the correspondence in this letter book was written to J. Mahlon Barnes, Upton Sinclair, William Mailly, Morris Hillquit, George R. Kirkpatrick, George H. Goebel, John Work, Algernon Lee, and Julius Gerber. The bulk of this correspondence per tains to routine party matters, such as the formation of state com mittees, membership dues, speaking tours, subscriptions to socialist publications, and fund-raising events. Other materials in the letter book relate to the gubernatorial and congressional elections of 1906 and 1907, the Moyer-Haywood Conference of January 1907, and Lena Morrow Lewis' speaking tour in New York.

The membership roll book contains the names and addresses of party members living in each New York State Assembly District from 1908 to 1912.

The researcher should note that an error was made in the targeting for this collection. On each frame, the word "Series" appears adjacent to the frame number. '!his term should actually be interpreted as "Collection".

Reel 5 1. Letter Book of John c. Chase, New York State Secretary, 15 May 1906-11 December 1907

2. Membership Roll Book, 14 November 1908-17 April 1912

COLLECTION V

SOCIALIST PARTY, LOCAL NEW YORK, LETTER BOOKS, 1907-1914

The Socialist Party, Local New York, Letter Books, 1907-1914, are organized into 151 subject files, many of which contain no more than 30 items. The bulk of the c~llection pertains to the activities of the New York City local of the Socialist Party for the years, 1911-1914. There are, however, some items at the beginning of the collection which pertain to the period, 1907-1910. The types of materials in this col lection include correspondence, reports on electoral activities, member ship records, branch records, committee papers, financial papers, minutes, form letters, miscellaneous printed matter, resolutions, and convention reports. Each subject file has been given a frame number and has been cited in the complete reel list which follows this descrip tion of the arrangement of the collection. The researcher should also note that an error was made in the targeting for this collection. On each frame, the word "Series" appears adjacent to the frame number. This term should actually be interpreted as "Collection".

The subject files are first arranged chronologically by year and then alphabetically within the year. Those files with a single letter ("A") or letter group designation ("H-K") relate to the general corres pondence of the New York City local. These correspondence files, which were organized alphabetically according to the last name of the recipient of the letter or the author of the letter, precede specific subject files with the same alphabetical designation. Thus, the "B" correspondence file for 1911 precedes the "Branches" subject file in the arrangement of the collection. Following the alphabetical arrange ment, the items within the subject files are arranged in chronological order. In some instances, the items within a file do not correspond exactly to the year in which they were originally placed in the col lection. For example, the Grievance Committee records for 1914 (V:ll5) include items for both 1913 and 1915. Fortunately, this circumstance occurs only in several files for 1913 and 1914.

Most of the subject files in this collection contain information about such routine party operations as scheduling lectures and rallies, planning meetings and special events, processing applications for mem bership, handling literature requests, and recording membership dues. In addition to these matters, the collection contains considerable infor mation about a variety of events and issues which concerned socialists during the pre-World War I period. Some of these events discussed in the subject files include the Socialist Party's support for the Mexican Revolution, the expulsion of William Haywood from the Socialist Party's National Executive Committee, the Paterson silk workers strike, the New York City garment workers strike, Margaret Sanger's work as an organizer for the Women's Agitation Committee, the Socialist Party's support for municipal ownership of vital public services industries, the Socialist Party's opposition to the Dillingham immigration

19 Collection V (Cont.) restriction bill, the ouster of Gustavus Myers from the New York City local, the 1912 Presidential campaign, the resignations of W. E. B. DuBois and Walter Lippmann from the Socialist Party, the socialist re sponse to the outbreak of war in Europe, the 1911 Triangle Shirt Waist Company fire, and the 1914 New York City Unemployment Conference. Among the prominent socialists who participated in these events and who have significant correspondence in this collection are Fred Arland, Victor Berger, W. J. Ghent, Julius Gerber, J. Mahlon Barnes, Eugene V. Debs, Charles Edward Russell, Harry W. Laidler, Margaret Sanger, W. E. B. DuBois, Walter Ll.ppmann, John M. Work, Fred D. Warren, Florence Kelley, Jessie Ashley, James H. Maurer, and Gustavus Myers.

One of the most interesting files in the collection relates to the Lawrence, Massachusetts, textile workers strike of 1912 (V:44). The types of materials contained in this file include correspondence, status reports on the strike, donation and financial reports, resolutions, and mimeographed letters. Much of this material pertains to the Socialist Party's fund-raising activities on behalf of the Lawrence strikers, particularly Joseph Ettor and Arturo Giovannitti who were charged with first degree murder during the strike. Other items of importance in this file include several letters from Joseph Ettor to Julius Gerber and a letter from Dudley Hohnan, secretary to Governor Eugene N. Foss, to Julius Gerber in which Hohnan defends the police actions during the strike.

Reel 6 1. 1907, Fragments, 18 November 1907

2. 1908, Fragments, 29 July 1908 and 8 September 1908

3. 1909, Fragments, September 1908-September 1909

4. 1910, Fragments, 22 June 1910-September 1910

5. 1911, A, 18 February 1911-November 1911

6. 1911, B, 2 February 1911-30 December 1911

7. 1911, Branches, 7 June 1911-25 November 1911

8. 1911, C-G, 18 February 1911-30 December 1911

9. 1911, Campaign, 23 June 1911-21 December 1911

10. 1911, Elections, 7 March 1911-7 November 1911

11. 1911, H-K, 2 February 1911-11 October 1911

12. 1911, Irish Socialist Federation, August 1911

13. 1911, L-N, 6 February 1911-22 December 1911

20 Collection V (Cont.)

Reel 6 (Cont.)

14. 1911, Labor Unions, 14 February 1911-23 November 1911

15. 1911, May Day, 1 May 1911

16. 1911, Mexico, 3 April 1911 and 5 June 1911

17. 1911, Milwaukee, 11 May 1911-1 July 1911

18. 1911, Minutes, 17 September 1911-17 December 1911

19. 1911, National, 9 May 1911-14 August 1911

20. 1911, Police Department, 6 March 1911-23 December 1911

21. 1911, R, 7 July 1911-13 October 1911

22. 1911, Resolutions, 7 June 1911

23. 1911, S, 26 January 1911-30 December 1911

24. 1911, Sanger, Margaret, 8 November 1911-30 December 1911

25. 1911, State, January 1911-18 December 1911

26. 1911, Subways, 30 April 1911-18 July 1911

27. 1911, T-V, 8 March 1911-19 Decmeber 1911

28. 1911, W, 25 February 1911-18 Decmeber 1911

29. 1911, Women's Committee, 15 February 1911-18 Decmeber 1911

30. 1911, Y-Z, 3 October 1911-30 December 1911

31. 1912, A-Z, 4 January 1912-30 December 1912

32. 1912, Branches, 22 January 1912-24 December 1912

33. 1912, Branches-Jewish, 26 February 1912-18 December 1912

34. 1912, Central Committee, October 1912-December 1912

35. 1912, Central Federated Union, 1 February 1912-13 July 1912

36. 1912, County Committee, 8 May 1912-December 1912

37. 1912, Elections-Correspondence, 26 January 1912-2 December 1912

21 Collection V (Cont.)

Reel 6 (Cont.)

38. 1912, Elections-Minutes of Committees, etc., 12 February 1912-November 1912

39. 1912, Elections-Miscellaneous, January 1912-5 November 1912

Reel 7 40. 1912, Financial, 1 May 1912-31 December 1912

41. 1912, General Committee, 1912

42. 1912, Immigration, 4 May 1912

43. 1912, Labor Unions, 13 April 1912-14 November 1912

44. 1912, Lawrence Strike, 31 January 1912-22 November 1912

45. 1912, Lectures, October 1912-March 1913

46. 1912, May Day, 18 March 1912-3 May 1912

47. 1912, Myers, Gustavus, 22 June 1911-11 December 1912

48. 1912, National, 1 January 1912-28 June 1912

49. 1912, National, 15 July 1912-29 December 1912

50. 1912, Police Department, 9 April 1912-30 September 1912

51. 1912, Progressive Party, 7 October 1912

52. 1912, State, 7 February 1912-18 December 1912

53. 1912, Triangle Fire, 21 February 1911-29 July 1911

54. 1912, Women's Committee, 3 February 1912-12 November 1912

55. 1913, A, 12 Juiy 1911, 27 February 1913-30 December 1913

56. 1913, Advertising, 31 October 1911

57. 1913, Agreements, 21 October 1911 and 9 February 1913

58. 1913, B, 15 February 1912-31 December 1913

59. 1913, Branches, 21 February 1913-18 December 1913

60. 1913, Branches 1-4, 22 January 1913-29 December 1913

22 Collection V (Cont.)

Reel 7 (Cont.)

61. 1913, Branches 5-14, 28 September 1911 and 5 October 1911; 1 January 1913-26 December 1913

62. 1913, Branches Bohemian-Slovak, 4 January 1913-24 December 1913

63. 1913, C, 11 January 1913-19 December 1913

64. 1913, Campaign, 21 April 1913-22 August 1913

65. 1913, Campaign, 25 August 1913-27 December 1913, nd

66. 1913, D-E, 5 February 1913-29 December 1913

67. 1913, F-G, 24 April 1913-16 June 1913

68. 1913, Garment Workers Strike, 1 January 1913-16 June 1913

69. 1913, Grievance Committee, 3 January 1913-28 October 1913

70. 1913, H-P, 21 April 1912-18 December 1913

71. 1913, Platform, 17 April 1913

72. 1913, Referendums and Resolutions, 3 January 1913- 28 December 1913

73. 1913, Resignations, 6 November 1912; 13 March 1913- 13 October 1913

74. 1913, S-W, 28 January 1913-1 December 1913

75. 1914, A, 13 January 1914-18 December 1914

76. 1914, Anti-War Demonstration, 6 August 1914-13 August 1914

77. 1914, Ashley, Jennie, 10 February 1914-28 February 1914

78. 1914, B, 12 February 1914-29 December 1914

Reel 8 79. 1914, Ball of Local .New York, 3 February 1914-6 December 1914

80. 1914, Board of Elections, 2 February 1914-21 October 1914

81. 1914, Branches-Circular Letters, 4 April 1914-24 December 1914

23 Collection V (Cont.)

Reel 8 (Cont.)

82. 1914, Branch 3rd and 10th Assembly District, 11 April 1914-24 December 1914

83. 1914, Branch 6th Assembly District, 13 July 1914-18 August 1914

84. 1914, Branch 9th, 11th, 13th, and 29th Assembly District, 14 February 1914-5 September 1914

85. 1914, Branch 12th and 14th Assembly District, 18 November 1914-4 December 1914

86. 1914, Branch 19th Assembly District, 19 January 1914- 2 October 1914

87. 1914, Branch 21st Assembly District, 23 January 1914- 25 June 1914

88. 1914, Branch 23rd Assembly District, 10 August 1914- 15 December 1914

89. 1914, Branch 25th and 27th Assembly District, 2 April 1914-27 October 1914

90. 1914, Branch 26th Assembly District, 1 April 1914-29 September 1914

91. 1914, Gennan Branches, 28 March 1914-30 November 1914

92. 1914, Jewish Branches, 7 May 1914-22 December 1914

93. 1914, Lettish Branches, 17 March 1914-24 November 1914

94. 1914, Scandinavian Branch, 28 May 1914

95. 1914, C, 19 January 1914-24 December 1914

96. 1914, Calumet, Michigan Strike, 27 October 1913-30 January 1914

97. 1914, Campaign Committee-12th Congressional District, 15 December 1914

98. 1914, Carnegie Hall, 22 April 1914-27 April 1914

99. 1914, Cassidy, Edward F.

100. 1914, Circular Letter, 5 January 1914-9 July 1914

24 Collection V (Cont.)

Reel 8 (Cont.)

101. 1914, County Committee

102. 1914, Contributions for Colorado Miners, 3 January 1914- 14 September 1914

103. 1914, D, 5 May 1914-31 August 1914

104. 1914, Debs, Eugene v., 3 July 1914-30 July 1914

105. 1914, Designation Petitions

106. 1914, Direct Primaries

107. 1914, Dues, 1 April 1913-18 November 1914

108. 1914, Elections, 21 August 1914-November 1914

109. 1914, F, 26 January 1912-22 December 1914

llO. 1914, Harry Feldman Fund, 19 November 1914-7 December 1914

111. 1914, Financial, 1911-1913

112. 1914, Finnish Branch, 12 September 1914

113. 1914, "Free-Lancing", 26 August 1914-4 September 1914

114. 1914, G, 30 March 1914-3 December 1914

115. 1914, Grievance Committee, 29 August 1913-5 January 1915

116. 1914, H, 30 January 1914-10 December 1914

117. 1914, Harrison-Urban Debate, 3rd and 10th Assembly District, 24 March 1914 - 6 June 1914

118. 1914, Hillquit Lectures, 22 October 1914-9 January 1915

119. 1914, Investigating Committee, 31 December 1913-2 Jan uary 1914

120. 1914, Immigration Bill (Proposed Amendments), 16 December 1913-24 December 1913, nd

121. 1914, Irving Place Theatre Performance, 19 March 1914- 14 April 1914

122. 1914, J-L, 2 January 1914-22 December 1914

25 Collection V (Cont.)

Reel 8 (Cont.)

123. 1914, Locals, 3 March 1914-15 December 1914

124. 1914, M, 3 March 1914-3 December 1914

125. 1914, May Day Parade, 25 March 1914-12 May 1914

126. 1914, Charles Milich (502 Broadway) Grievance, 10 October 1913-3 March 1914

127. 1914, Murray Hill Lyceum Meeting, 11 May 1914-18 May 1914

128. 1914, N, 11 July 1913-22 October 1914, nd

129. 1914, National Office (Socialist Party), 26 January 1914- 1 January 1915

130. 1914, Nominations for Public Office, 27 July 1914 and 28 July 1914

131. 1914, O, 4 January 1914-(March] 1914

132. 1914, Organization Committee, 7 March 1914

133. 1914, P, 24 June 1914-14 July 1914

134. 1914, Parks, Commissioner of (Permits for Meetings), 14 April 1914-6 August 1914

135. 1914, Police, Commissioner of, 31 July 1914-11 August 1914

136. 1914, Primary Day, 28 September 1914

137. 1914, Propaganda, Committee on, 14 April 1914 and 15 April 1914

138. 1914, R, 20 May 1914-30 October 1914

139. 1914, Rand School, 16 September 1914-5 November 1914

140. 1914, Red Week, 19 August 1914-5 September 1914

141. 1941, Referendums, 3 November 1913-2 June 1914

142. 1914, Resignations, 3 November 1914

143. 1914, Resolutions Adopted by the Party, 16 March 1914- 8 April 1914

144. 1914, Speakers, 11 February 1914

26 Collection V (Cont.)

Reel 8 (Cont.)

145. 1914, State Committee, New York, 3 March 1914-8 January 1915

146. 1914, State Convention, Local New York, 9 February 1914- 30 June 1914

147. 1914, Unemployment Cbnference, 21 January 1914-22 February 1914

148. 1914, Unemployment Demonstration, 14 March 1914-23 March 1914

149. 1914, War Emergency Labor Conference, 2 September 1914- 21 October 1914

150. 1914, Watchers on Elections, nd

151. 1914, X-Y-Z, 6 January 1914-1 September 1914

COLLECTION VI

SOCIALIST PARTY MINUTES, 1900-1936

The Socialist Party Minutes, 1900-1936, are organized into 14 subject files primarily relating to various conventions and committees of the New York City local of the Socialist Party. This collection also contains minutes of the Socialist Labor Party convention of 1900 (the "Kangaroo" convention), New York State conventions and committees, Jamestown (New York) local, and the Socialist Party's National Execu tive Committee. The minutes are arranged in chronological order within each subject file. Each subject file has also been assigned a frame number and has been cited in the complete reel list which follows this description of the arrangement of the collection. The researcher should also note that an error was made in the targeting for this collection. On each frame, the word "Series" appears adjacent to the frame number. This term should actually be interpreted as "Collection".

Of special interest in this collection are the minutes of the Socialist Labor Party convention of 1900, the New York City Central and Executive Committee minutes, and the Socialist Party's National Execu tive Committee minutes. The Socialist Labor Party convention minutes of 1900 (VI:l) pertain to a meeting in Rochester, New York, which was called by Morris Hillquit and other moderates of the party for the pur pose of disassociating themselves from the autocratic and doctrinaire rule of Daniel De Leon. These moderates, known as the "Kangaroos", discussed a number of proposals which supported a merger with the Social Democratic Party. The "Kangaroos" also nominated Job Harriman for President and Max s. Hayes for Vice President. Before the conven tion adjourned, the delegates passed several resolutions condemning De Leon, protesting the police and military actions in the Coeur d'Ailene mining district of Idaho, and recomrnending further study on the issue of uniting with the Social Democrats. It should be emphasized that the minutes contain both handwritten notes and typewritten transcripts of the convention proceedings. For each convention session, the typewritten transcript was filmed first and the notes were filmed second. This file also contains correspondence and telegrams.

The New York City Central (VI:9) and Executive Committee minutes (VI:lO) offer the scholar a unique and in-depth view of the issues and conflicts which culminated in the Socialist Party schism of 1936. During the Jate 1920s and early 1930s, the New York City local was possibly one of the most ideologically divided branches within the Socialist Party. The various factions, whether they were the entrenched "Old Guard" or the young and restless "Militants", held strong opinions about the re lationship between socialism and labor, the socialist attitude toward the Soviet Union and the "popular front", the distribution of power within the Socialist Party, and the socialist response to fascism. By the mid-1930s, the differences between these factions were so great that the Socialist Party ultimately split.

29 Collection VI (Cont.)

This intense struggle between the "Old Guard" and the "Militants" is also reflected in the Socialist Party's National Executive Committee minutes (VI:l4). The National Executive Committee served as the policy making unit of the Socialist Party. As such, the committee members were responsible for preparing various position papers on issues affect ing the party, undertaking organizing drives and speaking tours, and financing major party political campaigns and protest demonstrations. During the early 1930s, this committee, like the New York City local, was unable to function properly because of the disputes between the various party factions. The minutes in this file reflect this dispute and its effect upon Socialist Party policies and the national leader ship. For this reason, it is recommended that the National Executive Committee minutes be used in conjunction with the New York City Central and Executive Committee minutes.

Among the items which were not filmed in this collection are the proceedings of the Socialist Unity Convention of 1901, and the Socialist Party Conventions of 1913, 1919, 1920, 1924, 1932, and 1934. These proceedings are contained in the microfilm edition of the Socialist Party of America Papers, Z897-Z964 (Series I, Part D - Convention Pro ceedings), published by Microfilming Corporation of America.

Reel 9 1. Socialist Labor Party, 10th Convention, 27 January- 2 February 1900

2. Socialist Party, New York State Convention, 4-5 July 1908

3. Socialist Party, Local New York, General Committee, 12 January 1907-23 November 1907

4. Socialist Party, Local New York, Central Comrnittee, 22 May 1909-26 June 1909 Socialist Party, Local New York, General Committee, 10 July 1909-23 December 1919

5. Socialist Party, Local New York, Executive Committee, 7 May 1906-29 June 1914

Reel 10 5. Socialist Party, Local New York, Executive Committee, 6 July 1914-22 December 1919

6. Socialist Party, Local New York, City Campaign Committee, 13 February 1913-24 August 1921

7. Socialist Party, Local New York, 3rd and 10th Assembly District, Minute Book, 17 June 1915-9 May 1916

8. Socialist Party, Local New York, Convention Minutes, 16 January 1916-19 March 1916

30 Collection VI (Cont.)

Reel 10 (Cont.)

9. Socialist Party, Local New York, City Central Committee, 4 January 1928-5 January 1937

10. Socialist Party, Local New York, City Executive Com mittee, 11 January 1928-17 November 1936

11. Socialist Party, New York State, Quorums and Special Meetings, 12 June 1906-3 January 1911

12. Socialist Party, New York State, Executive Committee, 21 January 1911-21 October 1913

13. Socialist Party, Local Jamestown (N.Y.), Minutes of Proceedings against E. J. Squier, 9 March 1911

14. Socialist Party, National Executive Committee, September 1932-January 1936

COLLECTION VII

SOCIALIST ALDERMEN PAPERS, 1917-1920

From 1917 to 1920, seven prominent socialists were elected to serve on the New York City Board of Aldermen. This delegation consisted of Abraham Beckerman, Alexander Braunstein, Adolph Held, Maurice S. Kalman, Algernon Lee, B. Charney Vladeck, and Barnet Wolff, with Charles Solomon serving as executive secretary and Evans Clark serving as director. These aldermen sponsored research projects relating to various urban problems in New York City and drafted legislation con cerning municipal ownership. During this period, the socialist alder men worked diligently to implement many of the programs which had been advocated by the New York Socialist Party locals for a number of years. While most of these proposals were initially defeated, several socialist measures, including public ownership of mass transportation and admini strative control over housing and the school lunch program, were finally adopted in the 1930s and 1940s.

The Socialist Aldermen Papers, 1917-1920, consist of 19 subject files and 16 files of correspondence. The subject files are first arranged alphabetically according to the title of the file and then chronologically within each file. Each subject file has been assigned a frame number. Most of the subject files in this collection reflect the legislative efforts and concerns of the aldermen. The correspon dence, legislation, and reports in these files pertain to such topics as the New York City Board of Education, bridges, city employees, coal distribution, franchises, health, housing, ice trade, municipal trading, school lunches, and public ownership of the subway system.

The incoming and outgoing correspondence in this collection (VII:20- VII:35) has been arranged in alphabetical order according to the re cipient of the letter or the name of the organization for which the letter was written. In most instances, each letter of the alphabet has been assigned a frame number. There are, however, several letter groups (i.e. "E-F") which have been assigned one frame number. Much of this correspondence pertains to routine matters; but there are several items which directly relate to the subject files in the first half of the collection. A list of the subject and correspondence files is located in the complete reel list for this collection.

The researcher should note that an error was made in the targeting for this collection. On each frame, the word "Series" appears adjacent to the frame number. This term should actually be interpreted as "Collection".

33 Collection VII (Cont.)

Reel 11 1. Aldermanic Investigations, nd

2. Board of Education, Nurseries, 2 May 1913-3 May 1918, nd

3. Bridges, [21 May 1904], 31 December 1917, nd

4. City Employees: Wages, Benefits, Working Conditions, 19 February 1918-31 May 1918, nd

5. Coal Distribution, 7 January 1918-14 May 1918, nd

6. Finances, 4 January 1917-[1919], nd

7. Franchises, 15 November 1910-9 March 1918, nd

8. Health, 7 May 1918, nd

9. Housing, Parks, 3 July 1917-18 April 1918, nd

10. Ice Trade, nd

11. Labor League, 25 January 1918, nd

12. Memorandum, nd

13. Minutes of Meetings of Socialist Aldermanic Delegation, 6 December 1917-10 June 1919

14. Municipal Trading, 28 February 1917-9 April 1918, nd

15. Roth, Louis, "Public Utilities in New York City", [1917]

16. Resolutions, nd

17. School Lunches, 17 January 1917-9 May 1918, nd

18. Subways and Public Ownership, 19 March 1913-10 November 1918, nd

19. Miscellaneous, 8 February 1918-16 October 1918, nd

20. A, 3 September 1918-21 April 1919

21. B, 30 October 1918-21 February 1920

22. C, 22 October 1918 -3 February 1920

23. D, 31 October 1918-24 January 1920

24. E-F, 31 October 1918-21 January 1920

34 Collection VII (Cont.)

Reel 11 (Cont.)

25. G, 16 October 1918-17 April 1919

26. H, 14 October 1918-16 October 1919

27. K-L, 7 October 1918-1 March 1920

28. M, 10 October 1918-15 February 1920

29. N-0, 5 December 1918-10 June 1919

30. P-Q, 2 December 1918-10 June 1919

31. R, 24 October 1918-28 February 1920

32. S, 13 August 1918-26 February 1920

33. T-V, 25 October 1918-4 March 1920

34. W, 27 September 1918-15 April 1919

35. Z, 1 November 1918-27 December 1918

COLLECTION VIII

SOCIALIST ASSEMBLYMEN PAPERS, 1920

During the infamous Red Scare of 1920, five Socialist Party Assembly men were expelled from the New York State Assembly on the grounds that membership in the Socialist Party constituted disloyalty to the United States. These assemblymen (August Claessens, Samuel A. De Witt, Samuel Orr, Charles Solomon, and Louis Waldman), in conjunction with the Socialist Party, attempted to overturn the Assembly action and be seated as duly elected representatives of their respective assembly districts. To assist the assemblymen in their fight, the Socialist Party organized a special corrunittee for the purpose of raising funds and holding meetings on the case. The New York State Bar Association also appointed a special corrunittee composed of Charles Evans Hughes, Ogden Mills, and Joseph Proskauer to plead for the seating of the assemblymen. These efforts were unsuccessful, however, as the State Assembly refused to reverse its earlier decision.

The Socialist Assemblymen Papers, 1920, consist of four items re lating to the expulsion of the assemblymen and numerous contribution letters sent to the Socialist Party committee which administered the assemblymen's defense fund. The four items pertaining to the expulsion of the assemblymen (VIII:l-VIII:4) include a resolution by the New York State Assembly, a statement on the Assembly's action by the New York State Executive Corrunittee of the Socialist Party, a resolution against the Assembly's action by the New York City Board of Aldermen, and a legal brief prepared by the special corrunittee of the New York State Bar Association.

The contribution letters follow these four items in the filming order. These letters are arranged in alphabetical order according to the author of the letter or the organization for which the letter was written. In some instances, each letter of the alphabet has been assigned a frame number. For the most part, however, the letters have been clustered in alphabetical groups, with anonymous letters placed at the end of the collection. These groups of letters have also been assigned frame numbers. Citations for each of the first four items and the contribution letters can be found in the complete reel list for this collection.

The researcher should also note that an error was made in the targeting for this collection. On each frame, the word "Series" appears adjacent to the frame number. This term should actually be interpreted as "Collection".

Reel 12 1. Resolution on the Socialist Assemblymen by the State Assembly, nd

37 Collection VIII (Cont.)

Reel 12 (Cont.)

2. Statement on the Assembly Action by the State Executive Committee of the Socialist Party, nd

3. Resolution Against the Assembly Action by the Board of Aldermen of the City of New York, nd

4. Assembly Judiciary Committee: In The Matter of Louis Waldman, August Claessens, Samuel A. DeWitt, Samuel Orr, and Charles Solomon. Brief of Special Committee Appointed by the Association of the Bar of the City of New York, 20 January 1920

5. Contribution Correspondence, A

6. Contribution Correspondence, B

7. Contribution Correspondence, C

8. Contribution Correspondence, D-F

9. Contribution Correspondence, G-H

10. Contribution Correspondence, I-J

11. Contribution Correspondence, K-L

12. Contribution Correspondence, M

13. Contribution Correspondence, N-P

14. Contribution Correspondence, R

15. Contribution Correspondence, Sac-Sno

16. Contribution Correspondence, Soc-Swe

17. Contribution Correspondence, T-V

18. Contribution Correspondence, Wag-Wor

19. Contribution Correspondence, Wor-Wry

20. Contribution Correspondence, Y-Z, anonymous

38 COLLECTION IX

SOCIALIST PARTY CORRESPONDENCE, 1902-1947

The Socialist Party of America was established on 29 July 1901 as a result of a merger between the moderate wing of the Socialist Labor Party and the Social Democratic Party. For most of its turbulent his tory, the Socialist Party has been reformist in its political attitudes and democratic in its organization. Until the mid-1950s, the Socialist Party advocated trade unionism, supported an evolutionary rather than a revolutionary conversion to socialism, and endorsed progressive as well as socialist candidates for public office.

Between 1901 and 1912, the party's membership grew from 10,000 to 118,000 and the votes cast for socialist Presidential candidates in creased proportionately from 100,000 to 900,000. By advocating reform of the political and economic system, the party was able to enlist the support of many orthodox socialists and many heterogeneous elements remaining from such progressive movements as the Greenbackers, Populists, and "Single Taxers". The result was a broad-based party, particularly strong in the West, which was prepared to sacrifice ideological purity for numbers and revolutionary gains for immediate political success. Evidence of this policy was demonstrated in the fact that in 1912 there were 56 socialist mayors, over 300 socialist aldermen, many socialist state legislators, and one socialist member of the House of Repre sentatives.

This success, however, was short-lived. Throughout the 1910s and 1920s, the Socialist Party suffered from the same external pressures which caused other progressive movements to stagnate. The party also suffered from numerous internal crises as well. Three major conflicts which caused the party to decline in this period were: (1) the expul sion of its revolutionary wing in 1912-1913; (2) the party's official opposition to World War I, which not only alienated the conservative membership of the party but also led to the trial and imprisonment of such important party figures as Eugene v. Debs and Victor Berger; and (3) the Russian Revolution of 1917, which encouraged the left wing of the party to demand a more militant program and, when this was not forthcoming, to secede from the party in 1919 and establish the Communist Party.

Following a brief resurgence in the late 1920s and early 1930s under the strong leadership of Norman Thomas, the Socialist Party was once again plagued with internal conflicts. The principal divisions within the party at this time were generational, geographical, and ideological in rature. These divisions were manifested in three major factions within the party. First, there was the "Old Guard" which was composed largely of middle-aged and elderly members who had been in the party since its early years. The Old Guard occupied most of the party's leadership positions, including the office of national chairman

39 Collection IX (Cont.) and the National Executive Committee. Geographically, the Old Guard was strongest in Pennsylvania, New York, and Connecticut, but it also controlled many of the state offices across the country.

Opposing the Old Guard were the "Militants" who were young, doctri naire Marxists and the "Progressives" who were young, radical non Marxists. The Militants, who resided primarily in New York City, were not communists. In fact, they were opposed to the Communist Party and they were critical of the Soviet Union's denial of civil liberties. The Progressive faction in the Socialist Party, also from New York City, was not so powerful as the Old Guard, but it was larger in size than the Militants. The Progressives, for the most part, were not Marxists. Instead, their goal was to organize a farmer-labor party which would be based on principal rather than political expediency.

These three factions did not bring their differences of opinion into public focus until the 1932 Socialist Party convention in Milwaukee. During this convention, however, the groups clashed over the re-election of Morris Hillquit as national chairman and two resolutions concerning the Soviet Union and trade unionism.

The conflict intensified during the New York City fur workers dis pute in 1933. In the fur industry of New York City there were two rival unions, one controlled by the Old Guard and the other led by the Com munist Party. During the dispute over which union should represent all of the fur workers, the Militants charged that the Old Guard was attempt ing to subvert the communist union in its quest for total control despite the fact that most of the workers supported the communists. Norman Thomas concurred in this view and demanded that the Old Guard cease its activities against the communist union members. The Old Guard union responded to these charges by obtaining a labor injunction against the communist union. Eventually, the fur workers dispute was resolved when members of both unions negotiated a settlement.

Another incident which pitted the three factions against each other occurred during the debate on the Declaration of Principles at the 1934 Socialist Party convention in Detroit. The Declaration of Principles was drafted by the Progressives and the Militants and included numerous statements on issues which they believed every socialist should advocate. During the debate on this document, the factions argued over the state ments pertaining to socialist action in the event of war and the socialist view of democracy. When the delegates finally adopted the Declaration of Principles before the convention adjourned, it clearly demonstrated that the Old Guard was gradually losing control of the party.

The factional strife came to a climax in 1936 when the Old Guard bolted from the Socialist Party after the national convention in Cleveland and organized the Social Democratic Federation. The with drawal of the Old Guard was a serious loss for the party. Not only

40 Collection IX (Cont.) did major socialist figures from New York, Connecticut, Maryland, and Pennsylvania leave the party, but they took with them much of the financial support of the party as well. In addition to these develop ments, two major urban political machines in the Socialist Party - Reading, Pennsylvania and Bridgeport, Connecticut - joined the Social Democratic Federation.

Following the departure of the Old Guard, the Progressives and Militants continued the party's infighting by dividing into three groups. The first group was an amalgamation of the old Progressives and the leadership of the Militants. Under the direction of Jack Altman and Paul Porter these moderates supported the American Labor Party and endorsed a more democratic view of socialism. A second group, formerly associated with the Militants, were emerging as the new left-wing faction of the party. Calling itself the "Clarity" group after the periodical, Socialist Clarity, this group was led by Frank Trager, Gus Tyler, Robert and Max Delson, and Herbert Zam. Ideologically, the Clarity group was not opposed to labor parties and farm-labor coalitions, but they were more insistent than the Altman group that any labor party wanting Socialist Party support should have a wide labor base and should repudiate capitalist-reformist politics.

Complicating the situation within the party was an ultra-left Trotskyite faction. Known as the Appeal group because of their periodical, Socialist Appeal, the Trotskyites maintained that the Socialist Party should repudiate all labor and farmer-labor parties and thus transform itself into a revolutionary party. The Trotsky ites also denounced the utilization of democratic means to achieve socialist objectives. From their viewpoint, a revolutionary party needed to resort to violence in order to become a significant political force in America.

These three factions clashed on a variety of issues during the late 1930s. In national convention sessions and local political cam paigns, these groups differed over the Socialist Party's attitude toward preventing war, the Socialist Party's affiliation with the American League Against War and Fascism, and socialist cooperation with organized labor. By the end of 1937, the disputes between the various groups were so damaging to the conduct of party business that the National Executive Committee finally took decisive action and expelled the Trotskyite faction.

The Socialist Party never fully recovered from these setbacks, although negotiations were successful in reuniting the Social Demo cratic Federation with the party in 1957. Nevertheless, despite this encouraging development, the internal conflicts and the emergence of the New Left in the late 1950s and 1960s eventually caused the Socialist Party to lose its influence as an effective political organization.

41 Collection IX (Cont.)

The Socialist Party Correspondence, 1902-1947, is organized into 105 subject files, many of which do not contain more than 30 items. The naterials in this collection relate to the affairs of the Socialist Party's national headquarters and various state branches. In addition to the sizable amount of correspondence, the collection also contains minutes, mimeographed reports, bulletins, constitutions and by-laws, financial papers, ephemeral printed matter, circular letters, form letters, political platform statements, lists, resolutions, memoranda, and press releases. Each subject file has been given a frame number and has been cited in the complete reel list which follows this description of the arrangement of the collection.

The collection is divided into national and state branch files. The only exception to this arrangement is the inclusion of the New York City files after the New York State files. The national files have been arranged in chronological order. In some instances, the corres pondence for a particular year will precede special subject files for that year in the filming order. For example, the 1919 correspondence (IX:9) precedes the 1919 minutes of the Left Wing Caucus (IX:lO) in the filming order. The state files have been arranged in alphabetical order according to the name of the state. In the case of the New York City files, the correspondence for a particular year will precede special subject files for that year in the filming order. For example, as in the national files, the 1933 New York City correspondence (IX:68) precedes the 1933 furriers' union files (IX:69-IX:73) in the filming order.

The national files (IX:l-IX:34) constitute a small portion of this collection. Most of the items in these files pertain to Socialist Party activities in the 1930s, but there are some items for the period, 1907-1929. Of special interest in this section are the following items: Victor Berger's first congressional resolution which called for Ameri can neutrality in the Mexican Resolution; papers relating to Socialist Party membership; papers of the National Emergency Convention in 1917 and the Socialist Party response to American participation in World War I; minutes of the Left Wing Caucus and the eventual formation of the American Communist Party; papers pertaining to The Socialist and The Socialist Call; papers relating to the Socialist Party split in the mid-1930s; and resolutions and reports opposing the "Popular Front" of the 1930s. Some of the major correspondents in these files include Daniel W. Hoan, Norman Thomas, August Claessens, James Oneal, Clarence Senior, Paul Porter, David B. Berenberg, John M. Work, William E. Bohn, Julius Gerber, and Theodore Schapiro.

The state files in this collection contain information on Socialist Party events in California, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Okla homa, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Wisconsin. The New York State and New York City files constitute the largest quantity of records in the state files; these files will be described below. The contents of the state files relate primarily to the Socialist Party conflict between the Old

42 Collection IX (Cont.)

Guard and the Militants. The material pertaining to this conflict is quite interesting and offers the scholar a unique insight into how the various branches reacted to this particular development. Other items within these files include papers relating to the controversy surround ing Morris Hillquit's defense of several Russian refugees whose oil fields had been confiscated by the Soviet Union in 1931; minutes of the Dover, New Hampshire local; constitution and by-laws of the Ohio branch; an expense record for a Eugene V. Debs-Benjamin Hanford Presidential campaign meeting at Philadelphia in 1904; and a letter from Daniel w. Haan explaining the Wisconsin branch's decision to join the Farmer Labor Progressive Federation in 1936. The principal correspondents in these state files include Alfred Baker Lewis, Albert Sprague Coolidge, Daniel W. Haan, and James Oneal.

The New York State files (IX:44-IX:52) contain materials for the period, 1930-1936. Most of the items relate to the numerous Socialist Party controversies in the mid-1930s, particularly the suspension of the New York State charter by the National Executive Conunittee in 1934. Other items in these files pertain to the Erie County local, the 1930 state constitution, and the 1933 New York Socialist Party platform. The major correspondents in these files are Julius Gerber and August Claessens, but there are also letters from Bertha H. Mailly, William C. Duffy, and Louis Waldman.

The New York City files (IX:53-IX:98), which follow the New York State files in the filming order, constitute the largest group of records in this collection. Most of these files pertain to events of the 1930s, but there are important items for the 1910s, 1920s, and 1940s as well. Of major importance in these files are papers relating to the Socialist Party split and the fur workers dispute. Regarding the party split, there are items pertaining to conununist infiltration of the Socialist Party, the suspense of the New York State branch, the militancy of the Young People's Socialist League, and the 1934 Declaration of Principles. The furriers' union papers (IX:69-IX:73) include correspondence from Norman Thomas, minutes of Socialist Party meetings on the "conununist" International Fur Workers Union, and the investigative report written by Norman Thomas on the fur workers dispute.

Another interesting aspect of these files are the papers relating to the Women's Corranittee of the New York City local (IX:74, IX:76, IX:81, IX:88, IX:91). Beginning in 1935, the Women's Corranittee sponsored a series of meetings known as the "Women's Conference Against the High Cost of Living." These meetings featured speeches by prominent socia lists and discussion sessions on such topics as the standard of living, unemployment insurance, social security, socialized medicine, municipal waste, sales taxes, and the Child Labor Amendment. The Women's Corranit tee papers include speeches, outlines, correspondence, and reports regarding these consumer-oriented meetings.

43 Collection IX (Cont.)

Other papers contained in the New York City files relate to such issues and events as the Socialist Party's relationship with organized labor, the 1937 Appeal-Clarity group conflict, the differences between corrununists and socialists concerning the "Popular Front" question, and Socialist Party electoral activities. In the pre-1930 files, there are papers pertaining to the Bronx Agitation Corrunittee, Kings County local, and the East Side Agitation Corrunittee. The major correspondents in these files are Julius Gerber (IX:78, IX:84) and August Claessens (IX:77, IX:83), but there are also numerous letters from William Mailly, W. J. Ghent, Charles Edward Russell, Adolph Germer, Norman Thomas, Alfred Baker Lewis, Jack Altman, Clarence Senior, Esther Friedman, Darlington Hoopes, Mark Starr, Paul Porter, Louis Waldman, Charles Solomon, Daniel W. Hoan, James Oneal, Theodore Schapiro, Dorothy Kenyon, Bertha H. Mailly, and Gerhart Seger.

Reel 13 l. United States, August 1907 and May 1908

2. United States, 1909

3. United States, April 1911-November 1911

4. United States, April 1912

5. United States, June 1912

6. United States, September 1913

7. United States, May 1915

8. United States, National Emergency Convention, April 1917

9. United States, May 1919-0ctober 1919, nd

10. United States, Minutes of the Left Wing Caucus, August 1919

11. United States, The Socialist, May 1919-June 1919

12. United States, Debs at Trainmen's Convention, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, September 1920

13. United States, Socialist Convention, Cleveland, Ohio, April 1922-June 1922

14. United States, Report to the National Executive Corrunittee, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, May 1926

15. United States, Election Returns, November 1928- [December] 1928

44 Collection IX (Cont.)

Reel 13 (Cont.)

16. United States, May 1929-August 1929, nd

17. United States, May 1931-December 1931, nd

18. United States, [February 1926], January 1932- November 1932

19. United States, Financial Report, December 1932

20. United States, Membership, December 1932

21. United States, January 1933-December 1933, nd

22. United States, Membership, March 1933

2 3. United States, February 1934-December 1934, nd

24. United States, January 1935-December 1935, nd

25. United States, The Socialist Call, March 1933- August 1936, nd

26. United States, Membership, 1933-1935

27. United States, Split, November 1935, nd

28. United States, January 1936-November 1936, nd

29. United States, March 1937-May 1937, nd

30. United States, "The Stalin-Hitler Pact and the International Workers Order", [October-November 1939]

31. United States, January 1940-December 1940, [January 1941]

32. United States, May 1947

33. United States, Bohemian Section, nd

34. United States, Undated Correspondence

35. California, February 1936

36. Connecticut, March 1911-January 1938

37. Illinois, Minutes, May 1935

45 Collection IX (Cont.)

Reel 13 (Cont.)

38. Indiana, August 1919-February 1939

39. Massachusetts, February 1914-November 1935

40. Michigan, 1913

41. New Hampshire, January 1916-March 1923

42. New Jersey, 1902-May 1923

43. New Mexico, June 1914

44. New York State, July 1930

45. New York State, July 1931

46. New York State, August 1932

47. New York State, Erie County, June 1932

48. New York State, 1933

49. New York State, January 1934-December 1934, nd

50. New York State, January 1935-December 1935, nd

51. New York State, January 1936-August 1936, nd

52. New York State, Undated Correspondence

53. New York City, Kings County, September 1908- July 1909, nd

54. New York City, February 1911-December 1911, nd

55. New York City, January 1912-November 1912, nd

56. New York City, Bronx Agitation Conunittee, July 1912- December 1912

57. New York City, February 1913-September 1913

58. New York Ci.ty, November 1915-December 1915

59. New York Ci.ty, June 1916-0ctober 1916

60. New York City, Minutes, 1916, nd

61. New York Ci.ty, March 1917, nd

46 Collection IX (Cont.)

Reel 13 (Cont.)

62. New York City, East Side Agitation Conunittee, February 1917-0ctober 1917, nd

63. New York City, November 1920, January 1921-June 1921, nd

64. New York City, March 1923-April 1923

65. New York City, April 1923-August 1930

66. New York City, March 1931-December 1931, nd

67. New York City, January 1932-December 1932, nd

68. New York City, January 1933-December 1933, nd

69. New York City, Furriers' Union Correspondence, June 1933-July 1933

70. New York City, Furriers' Union, Norman Thomas Correspondence, June 1933-July 1933

71. New York City,Furriers' Union, Norman Thomas Memorandum, June 1933

72. New York City,Furriers' Union, Minutes, June 1933

73. New York City, Furriers' Union,Reports, June 1933

74. New York City, Women's Conunittee, December 1933

75. New York City, January 1934-December 1934, nd

Reel 14 76. New York City, Women's Conunittee, May 1934-December 1934, nd

77. New York City, August Claessens Correspondence, January 1935-December 1935, nd

78. New York City, Julius Gerber Correspondence, January 1935-December 1935, nd

79. New York City, Grievance Committee, 1935, nd

80. New York City, Miscellaneous, February 1935-December 1935, nd

81. New York City,Women's Committee, January 1935-December 1935, nd

47 Collection IX (Cont.)

Reel 14 (Cont.)

82. New York City, YPSL Crisis, March 1935-June 1935, nd

83. New York City, August Claessens Correspondence, January 1936-December 1936, nd

84. New York City, Julius Gerber Correspondence, January 1936-Decernber 1936, nd

85. New York City, Membership Lists, 1936

86. New York City, Miscellaneous, March 1936-July 1936, nd

87. New York d..ty, Organization and Propaganda, August 1936-Novernber 1936

88. New York City, Women's Committee, January 1936-June 1936, nd

89. New York City, Financial Papers, January 1937-June 1937, nd

90. New York City, Mimeographed Reports, April 1937- August 1937, nd

91. New York City, Women's Committee, March 1937

92. New York City, March 1939-August 1939, nd

93. New York City, 8 December 1940, nd

94. New York City, April 1941

95. New York City, June 1944

96. New York City, January 1945-May 1945

97. New York City, April 1946

98. New York City, Undated Correspondence

99. Ohio, 1912-1934

100. Oklahoma, 1933, nd

101. Pennsylvania, 1904

102. Pennsylvania, July 1937-August 1937

48 Collection IX (Cont.)

Reel 14 (Cont.)

103. Texas, September 1935

104. Wisconsin, January 1936-May 1936, nd

105. Dues Book, 1926-1936

COLLECTION X

SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC FEDERATION RECORDS, 1933-1956

The Social Democratic Federation (SDF) was organized in 1936 after the split in the Socialist Party ranks between the Old Guard and the Militants. Although not an official political party like the Socialist Party, the SDF was a political organization which consisted of the following groups: (1) Socialist Party state branches, particularly those in New York, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, and Maryland; (2) Socia list Party municipal locals, particularly those in Reading, Pennsylvania, under the leadership of James H. Maurer, and Bridgeport, Connecticut, under the leadership of Mayor Jasper McLevy; (3) labor parties, especially members of the American Labor Party of New York, the Farmer Labor Party of Minnesota, and the Non-Partisan League; and (4) socia list foreign language organizations, like the Jewish Socialist Verband and the Finnish Socialist Federation. During its formative period, the SDF was not only able to attract many of the traditional Socialist Party sources of financial support, but its activities were also di rected by many prominent members of the Socialist Party, including August Claessens, Algernon Lee, Leo Meltzer, James Oneal, and Louis Waldman.

During its 20-year history, the SDF sought to promote the principles of social democracy and independent political action. Such ideals were realized through a variety of activities concerning domestic and international issues. Regarding the domestic issues, the SDF sought legislation to amend the National Labor Relations Act, supported Franklin D. Roosevelt in his Presidential campaigns in 1940 and 1944, called upon all labor organizations to unite against communist groups in the United States, and endorsed civil rights legislation. Internationally, the SDF played a vital role in various programs which brought German refugee children to the United States. The SDF also supported American participation in World War II, opposed Mahatma Gandhi's independence movement in India during the war, and assisted in the relocation of Jewish refugees after the war.

Like the Socialist Party, the SDF was also plagued by bitter inter nal conflicts. One of the major controversies affecting the organi zation in the late 1930s and early 1940s was its relationship with the American Labor Party of New York. When the New York Old Guard became the New York State division of the SDF in 1936, they adopted the name "People's Party" and subsequently joined the American Labor Party. From the perspective of the People's Party, this linkage with the Ameri can Labor Party was seen as an opportunity to help organize a formidable labor party, support Franklin D. Roosevelt in his Presidential re election bid, and still remain outside the realm of conventional party politics. Ironically, however, the members of the People's Party, who had earlier withdrawn from the Socialist Party on the grounds that it was overly sympathetic towards communism, were now closely associated

51 Collection X (Cont.) with an organization which was controlled by communists. The unset tling relationship with the American Labor Party ultimately caused such influential SDF figures as Louis Waldman and Leo Meltzer to resign from the organization.

Another conflict within the SDF involved the New Leader and its editor, James Oneal. Shortly after the SDF was established in the fall of 1936, the editorial board of the New Leader withdrew its support for the Socialist Party and joined the new organization. The relationship between the New Leader staff and the SDF executive committee was never cordial, since both groups held differing opinions as to what the edi torial policy of the newspaper should be. These disagreements became so large in scope and so emotional in tone that James Oneal finally resigned as editor in 1940. In his resignation letter, Oneal stated that the New Leader had become a liberal, progressive publication in stead of a significant SDF organ and that the New Leader had failed to strengthen the SDF overall. Following Oneal's resignation, the editor ial board of the New Leader and the SDF leadership continued to fight over the proper editorial policy for the publication. Eventually, the staff of the New Leader split from the SDF.

During the 1940s and early 1950s, the SDF experienced a drastic decline in its membership and influence. Much of this decline can be attributed to three major factors: (1) the general decline in the popularity of socialism throughout this period; (2) the movement of many socialists, social democrats, and progressive liberals into the Americans for Democratic Action and other liberal organizations; and (3) the suspicions generated by the SDF's association with the Ameri can Labor Party. By the early 1950s, this decline forced the SDF leadership to begin serious negotiations with the Socialist Party on a possible merger. Attempts at uniting these two organizations began as early as 1937 and continued through the 1940s without much success. At this point in time, however, the mutual decline of both organizations had prompted a reassessment of the merger issue. Finally, in 1957, after several years of negotiations, the SDF merged with the Socialist Party.

The Social Democratic Federation Records, 1933-1956, are organized into the following eight sections: (1) national files (X:l-X:5); (2) state and international files (X:6-X:53); (3) Jewish Socialist Verband files (X:54-X:55); (4) committee files (X:56-X:66); (5) financial files (X:67-X:73); (6) literature files (X:74-X:80); (7) New York City files (X:81-X:88) and (8) the New York State file (X:89). The materials contained in this collection include correspondence, financial papers, minutes, resolutions, ephemeral printed matter, reports, press releases, memoranda, lists, ballots, statements, position papers, political plat forms, form letters, and circular letters. Each subject file within these sections has been assigned a frame number. Both the sections and the subject files have been cited in the complete reel list which follows this description of the arrangement of the collection.

52 Collection X (Cont.)

The national files (X:l-X:5) contain considerable correspondence pertaining to a variety of SDF affairs and the first SDF convention held at Pittsburgh in 1937. The items within each of these five files are arranged in chronological order. The bulk of the national corres pondence (X:l, X:2) pertains to such routine SDF matters as scheduling meetings and special events, receiving dues, resolving membership pro blems, handling literature requests, and organizing fund-raising cam paigns. Besides these routine items, the correspondence also contains information on the Socialist Party split in 1936, the controversial alliance between the SDF and the American Labor Party, the numerous attempts to unite the Socialist Party with the SDF, the recruitment of SDF members and the defection of Socialist Party locals to the SDF, the repudiation of the "Popular Front" issue, the SDF's strong support for American participation in World War II, the SDF's attitude towards the 1940 and 1944 Presidential campaigns, the SDF's support for full employment and fair employment practices, the decline of the SDF in the late 1940s and early 1950s, and the steps taken towards th~ 1957 merger of the SDF and the Socialist Party. Most of the correspondence is from August Claessens, but there are numerous letters from Leo Meltzer, Algernon Lee, William Karlin, Sarah Limbach, Louis Waldman, Tom Mooney, Lena Morrow Lewis, Sonia Teitelman, Jasper McLevy, Roger Baldwin, Darlington Hoopes, Esther Friedman, James Oneal, George H. Goebel, and Norman Thomas. The SDF convention files (X:3-X:5) include press re leases, organizational papers, correspondence, minutes, resolutions, and the SDF constituion and by-laws.

The second section of this collection (X:6-X:53) contains files on 42 state branches, the District of Columbia, and four countries, in cluding Argentina (X:50), Canada (X:51), Mexico (X:52), and Switzerland (X:53). There is also a file on the armed forces which is located be tween the state and international files (X:49). The largest files in this part of the collection pertain to state branches in California (X:8), Florida (X:l3), Illinois (X:l5), Massachusetts (X:25), and the District of Columbia (X:46). Most of the other state branches as well as the foreign countries have relatively small files. The state branch files are arranged in alphabetical order according to the name of the state. The international files are also arranged in alphabetical order and are located after the state branch files. Items within each state branch and international file have been arranged in chronological order, with undated items placed at the end of the file.

The contents of the state and international files relate primarily to such routine organizational matters as literature requests, member ship and dues problems, and meetings. Of special interest in these files are the papers of Mayor Jasper McLevy of Bridgeport, Connecticut (X:ll). Other interesting items within these files are the Indiana State Executive Committee minutes (X:l8) and the Pennsylvania State Executive Committee minutes (X:37).

53 Collection X (Cont.)

The Jewish Socialist Verband papers contain a correspondence file (X:54) and a dues report (X:SS). The items within these two files are arranged in chronological order. Besides several routine items, these papers contain information on the close relationship between this pro minent socialist organization and the SDF.

There are 11 files in this collection which pertain to various SDF committees (X:56-X:66). The committee files are arranged in alpha betical order according to the name of the committee. Items within each committee file have been arranged in chronological order. One of the roc>st interesting files in this section pertains to the Fred E. Beal case (X:56). In 1938 and 1939, the SDF conducted a vigorous campaign in support of the release of Fred E. Beal who was serving a 17 to 20 year prison term for being convicted of murdering a police chief during the 1929 Gastonia, North Carolina, textile workers strike. It was the SDF's belief that Beal was convicted because of his association with the Communist Party and his labor organizing activities. Another important file in this section pertains to the Spanish Workers Fund (X:65). The SDF organized the Spanish Workers Fund in the mid-1930s for the pirpose of offering financial assistance, food, and medical supplies to the supporters of the Loyalists during the Spanish Civil War. Two other prominent files in this section pertain to the National Committee for the Protection and Welfare of Persecuted and Oppressed European Victims (X:62) and the Women's Committee of the SDF (X:66).

The financial papers in this collection contain accounts receiv able (X:67), bequests (X:68), charters (X:69), mailing lists (X:70), miscellaneous papers (X:71), pledges (X:72), and pledge cards (X:73). These files are arranged in alphabetical order according to the docu ment type. Items within each file are arranged in chronological order.

The literature files in this collection contain literature com mittee papers (X:74), literature requests (X:75), Roosevelt campaign leaflet papers (X:76), New Leader-SDF controversy papers (X:77-X:79), and miscellanoues .it.ems (X:80). These files are arranged in alpha betical order according to the title of the file. The only exception to this order are the New Leader-SDF controversy papers and the miscellaneous items. These four files follow the Roosevelt campaign leaflet file in the filming order. Items within each literature file are arranged in chronological order.

The New Leader-SDF controversy files are the most interesting items in the literature section of this collection. These three files contain correspondence and statements relating to James Oneal's re signation as editor of the New Leader, the prolonged dispute between the New Leader's editorial board and the SDF leadership, the eventual withdrawal of the New Leader from the SDF, and the early SDF discussions on the formation of a new publication. Among the major correspondents are August Claessens, James Oneal, Sol M. Levitas, and Algernon Lee.

54 Collection X (Cont.)

The New York City files (X:81-X:88), which constitute the largest part of this collection, contain correspondence, financial papers, minutes, resolutions, statements, position papers, reports, and memo randa. The bulk of the New York City material is correspondence (X:Bl). Most of the correspondence pertains to the 1930s and early 1940s, although there are items from the early 1950s. The correspondence relates primarily to such routine organizational matters as establishing new branches and locals; scheduling meetings, rallies, and special conferences; recording dues and other membership information; handling literature requests; and sponsoring bazaars and theater parties. There are items in the correspondence, however, which convey information about the first SDF convention in 1937, financial problems affecting the SDF, the defection of Socialist Party locals to the SDF, SDF's relationship with New York City unions, the Moscow Trials, socialist refugees from Europe who worked with the SDF, the death of B. Charney Vladeck in 1939, the 1940 campaign to attract young people into the SDF, the for mation of the Social Democratic Youth in 1941, the decline in SDF mem bership during the early 1940s, and the SDF Bazaars in the early 1950s. The principal correspondent in this file is August Claessens, but there are also numerous letters from Julius Gerber, George Field, James Oneal, B. Charney Vladeck, Jacob Panken, Louis Waldman, Lena Morrow Lewis, Sonia Teitelman, Leo Meltzer, Mark Starr, Algernon Lee, Sol Levitas, Alfred Baker Lewis, and Adolph Warshow.

Other major files in this section are the minutes of the New York City Central and Executive Committee (X:83 and X:85, respectively) papers of radio station WEVD (X:88), and various miscellaneous items (X:87). The WEVD correspondence is especially interesting in that it contains information about programming, editorial viewpoints, and the use of air time by the SDF leadership. The miscellaneous file contains city convention reports and resolutions for 1945, 1946, and 1949; min utes of meetings which discuss the American Labor Party and New Leader controversies; Branch Officer and County Executive Committee minutes; and Grievance Committee reports.

The last section in this collection contains papers of the New York State branch of the SDF (X:89). The papers in this file consist of routine correspondence, credential reports for the 1936 Socialist Party convention, and minutes of the New York State Executive Committee and the 1941 New York State conference. The minutes have been inter filed with the correspondence and reports. The items within this file have been arranged in chronological order.

The only items which were not filmed in this collection were several miscellaneous financial papers and a folder consisting of advertising layouts.

55 Collection X (Cont.)

Reel 15 National Files (Nos. 1-5)

1. Correspondence, January 1937-11 March 1957 2. Miscellaneous, nd 3. National Convention: Roll Call, Press Releases, Organization, 5 April 1937-20 May 1937 4. National Convention: Correspondence, 22 February 1937- 16 November 1937 5. National Convention: Minutes, Resolutions, Consti tution, May 1937

State and International Files (Nos. 6-53)

6. Alabama, 24 May 1942-11 October 1946 7. Arizona, 6 January 1937-27 November 1946 8. California, 16 July 1936-6 December 1946 9. Colorado, 25 May 1937-14 December 1942 10. Connecticut, Correspondence, 18 February 1936- 6 December 1946 11. Connecticut, State Central Corranittee, 1 September 1936-18 September 1937 Mayor Jasper McLevy, Materials and Clippings, 24 October 1937-8 November 1939 12. Delaware, 22 April 1942 13. Florida, 3 January 1940-24 December 1946

Reel 16 14. Georgia, 16 June 1937-10 February 1944 15. Idaho, July 1937-22 November 1938 16. Illinois, 15 October 1936-12 December 1946 17. Indiana, Correspondence, 26 October 1936-28 December 1943 18. Indiana, State Executive Committee Minutes, 10 July 1937-11 June 1939 19. Iowa, 7 October 1936-5 December 1946 20. Kansas, 9 December 1937-7 July 1939 21. Kentucky, 27 November 1937-24 October 1939 22. Louisiana, 27 September 1946-26 November 1946 23. Maine, 15 June 1937-15 February 1944 24. Maryland, 26 July 1937-24 December 1946 25. Massachusetts, 25 June 1937-5 December 1946 26. Michigan, 20 January 1937-25 November 1946 27. Minnesota, May 1937-4 February 1943 28. Missouri, 25 November 1936-19 August 1943 29. Montana, 31 December 1937-3 May 1939 30. Nevada, 28 December 1936-31 December 1937 31. New Hampshire, 6 July 1938-4 May 1939 32. North Carolina, 1 March 1939-29 January 1940 33. Ohio, 13 October 1936-23 November 1946 34. Oklahoma, 2 February 1938-16 October 1946 Collection X (Cont.)

Reel 16 (Cont.)

35. Oregon, 11 December 1936-11 May 1942 36. Pennsylvania, Correspondence, 17 March 1936-28 October 1947 37. Pennsylvania, Local Berks County, Dues Report, 1937 Pennsylvania, State Executive Committee Minutes, February 1940-1 April 1940 38. Rhode Island, 28 December 1936-8 December 1946 39. South Dakota, 1 July 1937-11 December 1939 40. Tennessee, 22 January 1938 and 4 May 1942 41. Texas, 1 March 1939-7 March 1939 42. Utah, 23 October 1936-10 June 1938 43. Ve:nnont, 8 December 1936-6 November 1946 44. Virginia, 2 November 1937-1 October 1946 45. Washington, 25 October 1937-25 November 1946 46. Washington, D.C., 29 July 1936-16 October 1946 47. Wisconsin, 20 April 1937-5 October 1943 48. Wyoming, 3 March 1937-24 January 1938 49. Armed Forces, 22 April 1941-31 May 1944 50. Argentina, 18 September 1946-4 October 1946 51. Canada, 14 July 1938-9 December 1946 52. Mexico, 12 November 1937-13 January 1938 53. Switzerland, 4 May 1938-30 May 1939

Jewish Socialist Verband (Nos. 54-55)

54. Jewish Socialist Verband, Correspondence, 7 June 1937- 11 March 1940 55. Jewish Socialist Verband, Dues Report, 15 November 1937-January 1940

Committee Files (Nos. 56-66)

56. Beal Committee, 28 February 1938-9 June 1939 57. Camp Tamiment, 8 June 1937-25 June 1939 58. Committee on Cooperatives, October 1937-3 June 1940 59. Committee on Labor Contracts, 2 July 1937 60. Organization Committee, 22 May 1937-16 September 1943 61. Committee on Political Contacts, 16 June 1937- 2 September 1938 62. National Committee for the Protection and Welfare of Persecuted and Oppressed European Victims, 14 June 1937-[1942] 63. Publicity Committee, 14 June 1937-28 November 1951 64. Emergency Relief Committee, 15 June 1937-17 January 1940 65. Spanish Workers Fund, 4 August 1936-5 December 1938 66. Women's Committee, 13 December 1943-6 January 1953

57 Collection X (Cont.)

Reel 17 Financial Files (Nos. 67-73)

67. Accounts Receivable, 28 June 1938-0ctober 1940 68. Bequests, 30 November 1938-29 November 1943 69. Charters, 12 July 1937-1 August 1939 70. Mailing Lists, nd 71. Finances, Miscellaneous, 14 June 1937-17 April 1939 72. Pledges, 14 June 1937-18 January 1940 73. Pledge Cards

Literature Files (Nos. 74-80)

74. Literature Committee, 14 June 1937-29 January 1940 75. Literature Requests, 14 July 1937-10 February 1942 76. Roosevelt Campaign Leaflet, 27 September 1940- 7 November 1940 77. NeuJ Lea.der, Oneal Resignation, June 1940 and August 1940, nd 78. Ner.v Lea.der-Social Democratic Federation Controversy, Correspondence, 1 April 1941-25 March 1943 79. Ner.v Leader-Social Democratic Federation Controversy, Statements, 31 December 1941-9 March 1943 80. Miscellaneous, nd

New York City Files (Nos. 81-88)

Reel 18 81. Correspondence, 4 January 1936-December 1956 82. Financial Papers, 15 October 1935-29 May 1940 83. City Executive Committee Minutes, 8 January 1936- 11 August 1954 84. City Executive Committee, Undated Correspondence and Minutes 85. City Central committee Minutes, 2 January 1936- 3 December 1952 86. City Convention of Local New York, May 1954 87. Miscellaneous, 6 June 1939-13 September 1949 88. WEVD, 20 July 1933-2 October 1941

New York State File (No. 89)

89. Correspondence and Minutes, 2 January 1936- 13 December 1941

58 COLLECTION XI

AMERICAN LABOR CONFERENCE ON INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS RECORDS, 1939-1950

The American Labor Conference on International Affairs (ALCIA), a non-socialist group, was organized in February 1943 by several labor leaders from the American Federation of Labor, the Congress of Indus trial Organizations, and the Railway Brotherhoods. The membership of ALCIA included not only American labor leaders but also American and European scholars and representatives of the European labor movement who were residing in the United States during World War II. Among the officers of ALCIA who were most prominent in labor and intellectual circles were William Green, David Dubinsky, Raphael Abramovitch, Clinton S. Golden, George M. Harrison, Louis Hollander, James T. Shot well, Matthew Woll, Alfred Braunthal, and Albert Halasi.

The primary purpose of ALCIA was to engage in research on inter national economic and political problems for the benefit of the American labor movement. More specifically, ALCIA engaged in a systematic study of problems arising from the political, economic and social effects of World War II. Under the leadership of Varian Fry, ALCIA's executive secretary, the organization established four working commissions to research political, economic, labor, and educational questions. The commissions drafted reports and memoranda on such subjects as the White Plan for currency stabilization, disposal of government-owned plants after World War II, the Baruch Report and economic welfare, 1945 tax reduction, postwar educational planning, the Bretton Woods Conference, and the Dumbarton Oaks proposals. These reports were then published by ALCIA as "Studies in Postwar Reconstruction" and "Occasional Papers". The commissions also provided information on labor and international affairs to a wider audience through a quarterly periodical entitled, International Postwar Problems, and a bi-weekly news service entitled, The A. L. C. News Letter.

Besides its publications, ALCIA also submitted reports, memoranda, and statements on a variety of international issues to several labor conferences held during the mid-1940s. In May 1944, ALCIA represen tatives submitted amendments to the International Labor Organization's constitution at the annual !LO Conference in Philadelphia. During the summer of 1944, ALCIA sponsored a labor and politics forum at Pendle Hill, Pennsylvania. This two-day conference featured discussions on the impact of the Dumbarton Oaks proposals, the relationship between labor and American foreign policy, and the status of international labor unity. Among the noted speakers at this special conference were Dr. Robert Mac!ver, Sir Norman Angell, Matthew Woll, Sen. Joseph H. Ball of Minnesota, Dr. James T. Shotwell, William Green, and Raphael Abramovitch. ALCIA also held several organizational conferences from 1943 to 1946.

59 Collection XI (Cont.)

In 1945 and 1946, David Dubinsky and other members of the Congress of Industrial Organizations resigned from ALCIA because of a fundamental disagreement over the editorial policy of the organization. The CIO withdrawal caused the AI.CIA leadership to change its policies concern ing the gathering and distribution of information on American labor and international affairs. The result of this change was the publication of a monthly magazine entitled, Modern Review. In the first issue of Modern Review in March 1947, the editors stated that the journal signaled

"the first comprehensive effort of a significant section of organized labor in the U.S., and its liberal and democratic socialist allies here and abroad, to carry their views on world affairs to the public-at-large."

From 1his objective, the Modern Review staff sought to infuse

"labor, liberal and progressive thought in America with the understanding of man's relationship to society that has emerged out of the sufferings abroad while projecting overseas such concepts as the rights and dignity of man."

Under the editorial supervision of Travers Clement and Lewis A. Coser, the staff of the Modern Review sought to achieve these goals by publish ing articles from such noted writers as Hannah Arendt, Leon Blum, John Childs, Louis Fischer, Granville Hicks, Paul Keckskemeti, Solomon Schwarz, and Bertram D. Wolfe. The success of the Modern Review was short-lived, however, as financial problems and ideological disputes among the editorial board members caused ALCIA to cease publication of the magazine in 1949. With the demise of the Modern Review, ALCIA terminated its operations in 1950.

The American Labor Conference on International Affairs Records, 1939-1950, is the second largest collection in the microfilm edition of the Socialist CoZZections in the Tamiment Library. The collection is organized into the following three series: (A) correspondence, 1941- 1947, nd (103 subject files); (B) office files, 1940-1947, nd (102 subject files); and (C) Modern Review files, 1939-1950, nd (96 subject files). The types of material contained in this collection include correspondence, resolutions, constitutions and by-laws, reports, con ference papers, financial papers, press releases, speeches, minutes, memoranda, newspaper clippings, pamphlets, rough drafts of articles, and form Jetters. Each series and subject file has been assigned a frame number. Both the series and subject files have been cited in the complete reel list which follows this description of the arrange ment of the collection.

60 Collection XI (Cont.)

The correspondence series consists of 103 subject files which are arranged in alphabetical order according to the title of the file. The items within each subject file have been arranged in chronological order, with undated items placed at the end of the file. Much of the correspondence in this series pertains to such routine organizational matters as responding to literature requests, scheduling meetings, sponsoring special conferences and conveying information about ALCIA activities, assisting other organizations in labor-related issues, and handling financial information concerning ALCIA. In addition to these routine items, there is considerable information on American policy towards France and Charles De Gaulle after World War II, the postwar objectives of organized labor, the reconstruction of Germany, the stabi lization of West European currencies, the security of Poland and the postwar intentions of the Soviet Union regarding Eastern Europe, European refugees, CIO resignations from ALCIA, the repeal of Chinese exclusion laws, the role of the United Nations in maintaining inter national peace, American policy towards Asia after World War II, and reform of the International Labor Organization.

The principal correspondent in this series is Varian Fry, the executive secretary of ALCIA. Other prominent figures with considerable correspondence are Irving Abramson (XI:A:2), Bernard Baruch (XI:A:l4), Adolph A. Berle, Jr. (XI:A:lS), Bruce Bliven (XI:A:l7), Ruth Fischer (XI:A:33), Clinton S. Golden (XI:A:39), B. F. Heine (XI:A:44), Dorothy Kenyon (XI:A:59), Oscar Lange (XI:A:61), Philip Murray (XI:A:64), Walter Reuther (XI:A:76), Hedwig Wachenheim (XI:A:91), Matthew Woll (XI:A:95), and Max Zaritsky (XI:A:l02). There are also a few letters from Roger Baldwin, Pearl Buck, Max Eastman, William Green, Judith Lasky, A. J. Muste, Frances Perkins, Waverly Root, Frank Tannenbaum, Norman Thomas, Mark Van Doren, Robert Wagner, and Wendell Willkie. Some of the organizational files in this series pertain to the Ameri can Association for a Democratic Germany (XI:A:S), American Civil Liberties Union (XI:A:7), Citizens Corrunittee to Repeal Chinese Exclu sion (XI:A:26), Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society (XI:A:46), Institute of Pacific Relations (XI:A:49), International Rescue and Relief Corrunittee (XI:A:SS), Non-Partisan League (XI:A:68), Union for Democratic Action (XI:A:85), and the Workers Defense League (XI:A:97).

The second series in this collection consists of 102 office files. These files are arranged in alphabetical order according to the title of the file or the document type. The only exception to this order are the three files at the end of the series which pertain to a meeting with Jan Stanczyk, the manuscripts for Free Labor, and the rough drafts for the international bulletin. The items within these files have been arranged in chronological order, with undated items placed at the end of the file.

61 Collection XI (Cont.)

One of the most interesting sections of this series is the ALCIA Conference papers (XI:B:l4-XI:B:23). The ALCIA membership met occasion ally in N&l York City to discuss various business matters concerning the organization. Most of the items in these files pertain to the first and second ALCIA Conferences which were held in June 1943 and December 1943 respectively. There are also materials in this series which re late to ALCIA Conferences held in December 1944 and January 1946 as well.

Two prominent sections in this series are the ALCIA Occasional Papers (XI:B:51-XI:B:55) and the papers drafted for research use by ALCIA officials (XI:B:57-XI:B:83). The Occasional Papers are divided into economic, educational, labor, monetary, and political series. The reports within these series have been arranged in chronological order and have been cited in the complete reel list. Some of the items contained in these files include Albert Halasi's essays on the Baruch Report, the White Plan for Currency Stabilization, the United Nations Bank, and the Bretton Woods agreements; George Denicke's articles on the Moscow Conference of 1943 and the Dumbarton Oaks proposals; and Solomon Schwarz's report on International Labor Organization reforms. The research papers in this series are arranged in alphabetical order according to the author's last name. These reports, like the Occasional Papers, contain some of the most analytical and informative insights into a variety of issues affecting the relationship between organized labor and international affairs. Some of the items contained in these files include Jules Dekock's report on Belgian trade unions, Herbert Elvin's report on the 1945 tax reduction proposal, Albert Halasi's numerous writings on postwar economics, Abba Lerner's report on the dis posal of government-owned plants, Paul Vignaux's article on the French trade union movement, and Hedwig Wachenheim's study on the revival of the German labor movement after World War II.

Other items of importance in this series include the Pendle Hill Conference papers; the Princeton Conference on Full Employment papers; ALCIA by-laws and a statement describing its first year's accomplish ments; ALCIA financial papers; two pamphlets on the International Labor Organization and the Bretton Woods Conference; ALCIA correspondence and reports concerning its labor, political, and educational commissions; and ALCIA papers concerning its relationship with the Liberal Party of New York. These files, as well as the contents in certain files, have been cited in the complete reel list for this collection.

The third series in the ALCIA Records consists of 96 subject files pertaining to the Modern Review. This series contains correspondence and drafts of articles which were published in the Modern Review. The correspondence files (XI:C:l-XI:C:23) are arranged in alphabetical order according to the author of the letter or the name of the organi zation for which the letter was written. In some instances, letters are arranged according to the recipient of the letter, if such a letter was written by a Modern Review staff member. Items within the corres pondence files are arranged in chronological order, with undated items placed at the end of the file.

62 Collection XI (Cont.)

Virtually all of the correspondence pertains to such routine bus siness matters as processing subscriptions, assigning manuscript dead lines, handling special literature inquiries, requesting manuscripts from noted writers, and receiving financial contributions. Among the prominent correspondents in these files are Hannah Arendt, Raphael Abramovitch, Alfred Braunthal, Travers Clement, Bruno Bettelheim, Reinhard Bendix, Roger Baldwin, Lewis A. Coser, David Dubinsky, Max Danish, Varian Fry, James T. Farrell, Paul Keckskemeti, Paul Kohn, Alfred Baker Lewis, Broadus Mitchell, James Rorty, George Saxon, Norman Thomas, Matthew Woll, and Milton Zatinsky.

Another important correspondence file in this series pertains to Daniel Bell and his work as editor of the Modern Review in 1949 (XI:C:22). The letters in this file focus on Bell's efforts to change the Modern Review into a magazine of theory and ideas with no stated commitment to any specific political orientation. During the course of his involvement with Modern Review, Bell received letters from Hannah Arendt, Reinhard Bendix, Bruno Bettelheim, Morton White, Richard Hofstadter, Seymour Martin Lipset, Irving Howe, Bert Hoslitz, and Granville Hicks.

The second part of the Modern Review series contains numerous drafts of articles, reports, and editorials. These items are arranged in alphabetical order according to the author's last name. In some instances, more than one item has been filed under the name of a particular author. These items are arranged in alphabetical order according to the title of the item. There are also editorials (XI:C:45) and international press clippings (XI:C:59) in this part of the Modern Review series. Items within these files have also been arranged in alphabetical order according to the title of the article.

The drafts of articles, reports, and editorials contain valuable information on such issues as totalitarianism, military dictatorships in Latin America, the future of socialism, full employment policy, postwar German society, contemporary American liberalism, French and Italian socialism, the Yalta Conference, postwar European reconstruction, state capitalism, existentialism, the role of the artist in America, the cp.estion of postwar German guilt, and trade unions in postwar Soviet Union. Some of the prominent writers include Hannah Arendt, Leon Blum, John L. Childs, George Denicke, Ben Halpern, Granville Hicks, Paul Keckskemeti, Solomon Schwarz, and Bertram D. Wolfe.

Among the items which were not filmed in this collection were newspaper clippings, copyright correspondence, subscription lists, and a speaker's manual.

63 Collection XI (Cont.)

Reel 19 A. Correspondence, 1941-1947, nd

1. A, [June 1943]-20 January 1947

2. Abramson, Irving, 30 June 1943-15 April 1946

3. Amalgamated Bank, 17 June 1943-25 October 1945

4. American Academy of Political and Social Science, 13 March 1943-21 April 1945

5. American Association for a Democratic Germany, 10 May 1944-18 January 1946

6. American Association for the United Nations, 19 February 1945-4 January 1946, nd

7. American Civil Liberties Union, 13 March 1944- 5 July 1946

8. American Council on Public Affairs, 12 June 1943- 2 December 1943

9. Americans United for World Organizations, 17 July 1944-19 March 1945

10. The Annals, 21 October 1943-9 November 1945

11. Antonini Meeting, 5 October 1944-3 June 1946

12. Australian News and Information Bureau, 21 December 1943-4 December 1945

13. B, 22 March 1943-5 July 1946

14. Baruch, Bernard M., 18 October 1944-13 August 1945

15. Berle, Adolph A., Jr., 23 March 1944-25 July 1944

16. Bernays, Edward L., 4 November 1943-15 August 1945

17. Bliven, Bruce, 13 July 1943-30 March 1945

18. British Information Service, 21 April 1943- 19 January 1945

19. C, 22 April 1943-6 January 1947

20. Carey, James B., 6 April 1943-15 May 1946

21. Carnegie Endowment, 1 February 1943-1 November 1945

64 Collection XI (Cont.)

Reel 19 (Cont.)

22. Committee on Special Refugee Problems, 30 March 1944- 7 June 1944

23. Commission to Study the Organization of Peace, 1 February 1943-1 February 1944

24. CIO, 10 March 1943-31 January 1945

25. CIO Resignations, 8 May 1944-28 June 1944, nd

26. Citizens Committee to Repeal Chinese Exclusion, 21 June 1943-15 November 1943

27. Cooperating Committees, 21 January 1943-15 June 1943

28. Council on Foreign Relations, 28 June 1943-9 May 1946

Reel 20 29. D, 3 May 1943-25 July 1946

30. E, 12 February 1943-18 June 1946

31. F, 8 January 1943-24 July 1946

32. Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, 3 March 1942-22 January 1945

33. Fischer, Ruth, [March 1944)-27 June 1944

34. Foreign Policy Association, 20 October 1943- 20 December 1944

35. Foundations, 1 June 1944-10 July 1945

36. Friedman, Joseph, 24 February 1944-6 March 1944

37. G, 29 March 1943-27 May 1946

38. Gold, Mary Jayne, 7 July 1943-21 June 1945

39. Golden, Clinton S., 30 December 1942-20 June 1945

40. Goldsmith, Arthur, 10 August 1943-16 July 1945

41. Green, John, 26 July 1943-29 March 1945

42. Greer, Guy, 11 May 1943-10 August 1944

65 Collection XI (Cont.)

Reel 20 (Cont.)

43. H, 5 February 1943-12 July 1946

44. Heine, B. F., 14 November 1941-5 December 1945

45. Herling, John, 5 April 1944-4 November 1945

46. Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society and HIAS-ICA Emigration Association, 5 February 1944-4 August 1944

47. Hollander, Louis, 19 December 1942-21 December 1945

48. I, 12 May 1943-9 April 1946

49. Institute of Pacific Relations, 4 March 1943- 17 December 1945, nd

50. International Labor Conference, 22 April 1944- [May 1944)

51. International Labour Office, [June 1943)-5 December 1944

52. International Labour Review, 20 October 1943- 3 December 1945

53. The American Association for an International Office for Education, 28 June 1944-29 May 1946

54. International Postwar Problems, 6 December 1943- 3 July 1945

Reel 21 55. International Rescue and Relief Committee, 22 December 1943-19 June 1946

56. International Study Center, 9 April 1943-2 January 1945

57. J, 8 September 1943-15 March 1946

58. K, 17 March 1943-7 January 1947

59. Kenyon, Dorothy, 11 October 1944-26 April 1945

60. L, 4 February 1943-7 May 1947

61. Lange, Oscar, 7 December 1942-16 January 1945

66 Collection XI (Cont.)

Reel 21 (Cont.)

62. Lieberman, Elias, 19 January 1943-24 April 1944

63. M, 30 December 1942-2 January 1947

64. Murray, Philip, 2 June 1944-9 February 1945

65. N, 15 March 1943-6 December 1946

66. National Planning Association, 25 June 1943-13 June 1945

67. The New Republic, 19 October 1943-16 April 1945

68. Non-Partisan League, 29 April 1943-31 October 1944

69. Non-Partisan Council to Win The Peace, 1 November 1944-8 May 1946

70. O, 30 September 1943-7 January 1947

71. Office of War Information, 17 February 1943- 23 April 1945

72. P, 15 February 1943-2 December 1946

Reel 22 73. Pollaczek, Gustave, 25 May 1944-18 March 1946

74. Q, 21 October 1943-4 December 1945

75. R, 15 March 1943-8 July 1946

76. Reuther, Walter P., 16 February 1943-1 November 1945

77. S, 28 January 1943-8 January 1947

78. Staal, Ad., 9 November 1943-25 July 1944

79. Sollmann, William F., 28 July 1943-26 February 1945

80. T, 15 March 1943-13 January 1947

81. Telegrams, 27 January 1943-23 March 1946, nd

82. Thank You Notes, 12 May 1945-12 November 1945

83. Twentieth Century Fund, 1 February 1943-16 May 1946

84. U, 8 September 1943-11 December 1946

67 Collection XI (Cont.)

Reel 22 (Cont.)

85. Union for Democratic Action, Foreign Policy Corrunittee, 4 October 1943-4 December 1945

86. U. S. Department of Commerce, 10 March 1943- 6 August 1945

87. U. s. Department of State, 30 November 1943- 1 April 1946

88. U. s. Department of the Treasury, 21 April 1943- 11 October 1945

89. v, 23 November 1943-24 July 1946

90. W, 27 February 1943-6 August 1946

91. Wachenheim, Hedwig, 31 January 1944-28 April 1945

Reel 23 92. Walsh, J. Raymond, 5 February 1943-[August 1945]

93. Welt, Frederick, 14 December 1944-9 July 1945

94. Wille, Werner, 17 December 1943-26 July 1944

95. Woll, Matthew, 28 December 1942-12 July 1946

96. Woodrow Wilson Memorial Library, 29 September 1943- 27 December 1944

97. Workers Defense League, 30 October 1943-13 December 1945

98. Woytinsky, Vladimir, 15 December 1942-9 November 1944

99. Writers' War Board, 17 February 1944-26 April 1945

100. Wunderlich, Frieda, 15 March 1943-2 April 1945

101. XYZ, 25 January 1944-6 January 1947

102. Zaritsky, Max, 10 December 1942-6 July 1944

103. Zimmennan, Charles, 8 December 1942-21 February 1946

68 Collection XI (Cont.)

Reel 23 (Cont.)

B. Office Files, 1940-1947, nd

1. ABC of World Peace, 22 October 1943-3 November 1943, nd

2. AFL, 10 March 1943-27 March 1945

3. AFL Meeting: Draft Resolution, 12-13 April 1944

4. AFL Postwar Planning Committee, [January 1943]- 20 July 1944, nd

5. American Labor Conference: By-Laws, [1943]

6. American Writers Association, 11 September 1946- [November 1946]

7. Biographical Data for Contributor's Box for Postwar Problems, nd

8. Broadcasts, [1944]

9. The case Against Falangist Spain, 7 April 1942 and [1942]

10. Comments on ALCIA Publications, 25 April 1944- 8 May 1946

11. Commission on Education, 2 June 1944-27 June 1945

12. Commission on Labor Questions, [1945]

13. Commission on Political Questions, 18 October 1943 and [1944]

14. ALCIA Conference, 12 June 1943: Correspondence, 2 February 1943-1 December 1943

15. ALCIA Conference, 12 June 1943: Speeches

16. ALCIA Conference, November 1943: Correspondence, 4 November 1943-22 November 1943

17. ALCIA Conference, 16 December 1943: Correspondence, 5 October 1944-3 January 1945

18. ALCIA Conference, 16 December 1943: Finances, 14 December 1944-[November 1946]

69 Collection XI (Cont.)

Reel 23 (Cont.)

19. ALCIA Conference, 16 December 1943: Press Releases, 4 December 1944-16 December 1944

20. ALCIA Conference, 16 December 1943: Printing and Promotion, 1 December 1944-15 December 1944

21. ALCIA Conference, 16 December 1944: Proceedings

22. ALCIA Conference, 12 January 1946: Correspon dence, 18 December 1945-27 January 1946

23. ALCIA Conference, 12 January 1946: Proceedings

24. Connally Resolution, 27 October 1943 and (October 1943]

25. Council for a Democratic Germany, 16 April 1944- (1944]

26. Courses, 9 September 1943-(1943]

27. Currency Plans, 5 April 1943-(1943]

28. Economic Section, Minutes, 30 January 1943- (1943]

29. Emmet, Christopher, 20 July 1944-9 December 1944

30. Finances, Miscellaneous, 1 December 1942-15 January 1947

31. Finances, Accounts Payable, 1 July 1944-22 October 1946

32. Finances, Payroll, 8 November 1944-25 February 1946

33. Finances, Reports, 1 January 1945-1 January 1946

34. Finances, Taxes, 1 August 1944-11 September 1947

35. Fitch, Geraldine, 22 May 1946-19 May 1947

36. Fund Raising, 24 January 1944-28 June 1945

37. General Giraud, 26 July 1940

38. Germany, nd

70 Collection XI (Cont.)

Reel 24 39. Hagan, Paul, "Deutschland Nach Hitler: Um Die Volkndung Der Demokratischen Revolution," May 1943

40. Hansen, Alvin, 12 June 1943-23 March 1944

41. Incorporation, January 1945-(1945]

42. Kohlberg, Alfred, 8 October 1942-December 1946

43. Labor Section, Minutes, 18 January 1943

44. Liberal Party, 18 May 1944-9 April 1946

45. Liberal and Labor Committee, Program Committee, 29 April 1944-(May 1944]

46. ALCIA Members (Paid), 3 January 1945-5 July, nd

47. Membership Campaign Letters, nd

48. Memos, 17 December 1943-20 December 1943

49. Newspaper Clippings on ALCIA, 8 December 1944- 20 January 1945

50. News Releases, 8 February 1944-(1945], nd

51. ALCIA Occasional Papers, Economic Series, 8 October 1943-0ctober 1945

Lerner, Abba P., "The Disposal of Government Owned Plants After the War," Occasional Paper No. 1, 2 December 1943. 20pp. "Comments on 'The United States in the World Economy' , " Occasional Paper No. 2, 27 December 1943. 22pp. Halasi, Albert, "The Baruch Report and Economic Welfare in the Post-Reconversion Period," Occasional Paper No. 3, May 1944. 26pp. , "Tax Reduction in 1945," Occasional Paper ---No. 4, October 1945. llpp.

52. ALCIA Occasional Papers, Educational Series, February 1944

Wille, Werner, "A Survey of Educational Planning in the United States and Various Other Countries," Occasional Paper No. 1, February 1944. 59pp.

71 Collection XI (Cont.)

Reel 24 (Cont. )

53. ALCIA Occasional Papers, Labor Series, April 1944

Schwarz, Solomon, "The Reforms of the International Labor Organization," Occasional Paper No. 1, April 1944. 16pp.

54. ALCIA Occasional Papers, Monetary Series, 19 November 1943-March 1945

Halasi, Albert, "Comments on the Revised White Plan," Occasional Paper No. 2, 19 November 1943. 15pp.

, "The United Nations Bank for Reconstruction ---and Development: Comments on the 'Guiding Prin- ciples'," Occasional Paper No. 3, 22 November 1943. 7pp.

---, "The United Nations Bank for Reconstruction and Development: Comments on the 'Preliminary Draft Outline', " Occasional Paper No. 4, 15 December 1943. 7pp.

---, "Bretton Woods and Full Employment," Occasional Paper No. 5, March 1945. 59pp.

55. ALCIA Occasional Papers, Political Series, November 1943-April 1945

[Denicke, George], "The Three Powers Conference in Moscow," Occasional Paper No. 1, 8 November 1943. lOpp.

Denicke, George, "A Critical Examination of the Dumbarton Oaks Proposals," Occasional Paper No. 2, April 1945. 14pp.

56. ALCIA Pamphlets, 1944-1945

Ibanez, Bernardo. What the Workers Expect of the International Labor Organization. New York: American Labor Conference on International Affairs, 1944. 18pp.

Mitchell, Broadus and Hauser, Francis L. Labor's Stake in Bretton Woods. New York: American Labor Conference on International Affairs, 1945. 15pp.

72 Collection XI (Cont.)

Reel 24 (Cont.)

ALCIA Papers (Nos. 57-83)

57. Braunthal, Alfred, "Safeguards Against Oppressive Labor Conditions in Backward Countries," February 1944

58. Report on the discussion at the Treasury Depart ment, 5 January 1944

59. Dekock, Jules, "Belgian Trade Unionism in the Postwar Era," nd. llpp. (2 copies)

60. De Los Rios (Rough Draft), nd

61. Denicke, George, "Recent Trends in the Literature of Postwar Planning," nd. 18pp.

62. Elvin, Herbert L., "Tax Reduction in 1945," [1945]. lOpp. (2 copies)

, "The British Soldier and the Post-War ----World," nd. 5pp.

63. "The Financial Aspects of International Trade in Its Relationship to Prosperity in the U.S.," nd. 26pp. (2 copies)

64. Fraenkel, Ernst, "Freedom of Association," February 1944. 4pp.

65. Halasi, Albert, Manuscripts, January 1945-February 1945, nd

Halasi, Albert, "Bretton Woods and Full Employment," January 1945. llpp. (2 copies)

---, "Conunents on the Revised White Plan," nd. 15pp. (2 copies)

, "Comments on Three Memoranda on the Postwar ---Tax System," nd. 15pp. (3 copies)

, "The Contribution of the Bretton Woods ---Agreements to Full Employment," nd. 33pp.

, "A Conunon Program for Business and Labor," ---nd. 23pp. (2 copies)

73 Collection XI (Cont.)

Reel 24 (Cont.)

, "Note on the Subsistence of the German ---People After the War," February 194 5. Spp.

, "Should Germany Be Deprived of Her ---Industry? Comments on the Baruch Report," nd. 13pp.

66. Hansen, Alvin, "The Postwar Reemployment Problem," June 1943. llpp. (2 copies)

67. "Labor's International Rights," nd. 28pp.

68. Lerner, Abba P., "The Government-owned Plants - What To Do With THem?" 16 November 1943. 7pp. + memo

69. Neisser, Hans, "The Problem of Reparations," February 1944. 4pp.

70. Papanek, Ernst, (Rough drafts), March 1944

71. Reuther, Walter, (Material for IPP article), nd

72. Schreider, Eugene, "Workers Resistance in France," 5 April 1944. 22pp. (2 copies-1 in French)

73. Schwarz, Solomon, "The Reform of the International Labor Organizations," Studies in Postwar Recon struction No. 3, March 1944. 12pp. (4 copies)

74. Sluyser, Meyer, "The Dutch Working Class Movement During the German Occupation," nd. Bpp.

75. "Statement on Labor's Attitude Towards the Pro posal for the Establishment of an International Stabilization Fund," nd. Spp. (3 copies)

76. "Suggestions for Improving the Draft Proposal for the Establishment of a World Bank," nd. 2pp. (3 copies)

77. Vignaux, Paul, "The French Trade Union Movement Since the Armistice of 1940," nd. 14pp. (4 copies-1 in French)

7 8. , "Rebuild the French Labor Movement," nd. Spp. (3 copies-1 in French)

74 Collection XI (Cont.)

Reel 24 (Cont.)

79. Vishniak, Mark, "Political Security and World Organization, Lessons of the Failure of the League of Nations," nd. incomplete.

80. Wachenheim, Hedwig, [Study on Germany in the postwar period] , nd. 44pp.

81. , "The Revival of the German Labor Movement After the War," nd. 2 6pp.

82. Wille, Werner, "The Role of American Labor in the Solution of Problems of International Education After the War," April 1944. 7pp. ( 2 copies)

83. , "A Survey of Educational Planning in the United States and Various Other Countries, nd. 8lpp.

84. Pendle Hill Conferences, 6 May 1943-2 July 1946

85. Personnel Applications, 19 February 1943-8 July 1946

86. Plans for & General Meeting, 8 February 1943- [June 1943)

87. Poland-A Test Case, 29 September 1944-[Novernber 1944)

88. Political Committee, 30 January 1943-[April 1945)

89. Postwar Information Exchange, 13 July 1944-11 April 1946

Reel 25 90. Princeton Conference on Full Employment, 16 June 1944-[July 1944)

91. Projects, [June 1945)

92. Radio Speeches, 24 July 1945, nd

93. Reports of ALCIA, 1 January 1945-1 January 1947

94. Salvemini, Gaetano, 4 February 1943-12 June 1943

95. Senate Special Committee on Policy and Planning, 28 April 1943-8 December 1943

96. Statement on the first year of ALCIA, [1944)

75 Collection XI (Cont.)

Reel 25 (Cont.)

97. Taxes, 21 January 1944-7 December 1944

98. Union Contract, 22 March 1944

99. Union for Democratic Action, 13 August 1943-21 May 1946, nd

100. Meeting with Jan Stanczyk, 17 May 1944, [April 1944-May 1944]

101. Manuscripts for FPee Labor, nd

"Can Labor Surrender Its Right to Strike?" 2pp. (3 copies)

"Congress Caught in Anti-Labor Eddy," 2pp. (3 copies)

"The Government's Wage and Price Policy," 2pp. (2 copies)

"Labor Elections in Germany," 2pp. (3 copies)

"Labor's Executive Council Meets," 2pp. (2 copies)

"The Problem of Italian Trade Unionism," 3pp. (3 copies)

"The Reconstruction of the Austrian Trade Unions," 2 pp. (2 copies)

"Set the World Free, American Labor Urges," 2pp. (3 copies)

"Tax Reduction the Wrong Way," 2pp. (2 copies)

102. Drafts for International Bulletin, [October 1945]

"Belgium Ties Wages to Index of Production," 2pp. (2 copies)

"German Unions, Smashed by Nazis, Revived in Berlin," 2pp. (2 copies)

"Social Democrats Win in Vienna Shop Elections," 2pp. (2 copies)

"Unity Parleys Broken Off in Norway and Denmark," 2pp. (2 copies)

76 Collection XI (Cont.)

Reel 25 (Cont.)

c. Modern Review, 1939-1950, nd

1. Correspondence, A, 5 May 1947-25 September 1950

2. Correspondence, B, 7 January 1946-12 June 1950

3. Correspondence, C, 2 January 1947-31 March 1950, nd

4. Correspondence, D, 19 February 1945-27 January 1950

5. Correspondence, Distribution, 15 February 1947- 3 February 1948

6. Correspondence, E, 11 February 1947-13 November 1949

7. Correspondence, F, 24 January 1947-19 July 1950

8. Correspondence, G, 9 December 1946-1 May 1950

9. Correspondence, H-I, 28 January 1947-28 July 1950

10. Correspondence, Interoffice, 30 January 1947-15 March 1948

11. Correspondence, J-K, 25 March 1947-28 September 1950, nd

12. Correspondence, L, 20 January 1947-21 March 1950

13. Correspondence, M, 9 January 1946-13 January 1950, nd

14. Correspondence, N-0, 23 January 1947-27 June 1949

15. Correspondence, P, 18 January 1947-1 February 1950

16. Correspondence, Promotion and Publicity, 3 April 1947-20 October 1949

17. Correspondence, R, 14 December 1946-8 June 1950

18. Correspondence, S, 5 December 1946-12 July 1950, nd

19. Correspondence, T, 2 April 1947-13 January 1950

20. Correspondence, U-V, 8 April 1947-25 July 1949

77 Collection XI (Cont.)

Reel 26 21. Correspondence, WXYZ, 17 December 1946-24 October 1949

22. Correspondence, Daniel Bell, 2 June 1947-(1949], nd

23. Correspondence with Trade Unionists, 11 April 1947- [194 7)

24. Contributing Editors List, 19 December 1946-(1947]

25. Form Letters, 9 December 1947-February 1949, nd

26. Hook's People, 26 October 1947-3 February 1948

27. Press Releases, 4 October 1947-(1949]

28. Statement, Vol. 1, no. 1, March 1947

29. Abramovitch, Raphael R., "From Socialist Utopia to Totalitarian 'Realism'," June 1947. 28pp. (2 copies)

30. Alexander, Robert J., "Military Dictatorship in Latin America," nd. 13pp.

31. Arendt, Hannah, "The Rights of Man," nd. 16pp.

32. Blum, Leon, "The Last Month," January 1950. 28pp.

33. , "Socialist or Managerial Revolution?" April 1947. 14pp. (2 copies)

34. ---, "Whose Fault", August 1947. 3pp. 35. Braunthal, Alfred, "An Economy of Autonomous Forces and its Problems," March 1947. 17pp.

36. , "A Slow Start on the Road to Full Employment Policy," January 1950. 17pp.

37. Brailsford, H. N. , "England's Economic Crisis," April 1947. 13pp. (2 copies)

38. Brockway, Fenner, "Visit to a German Hospital," May 1947. 6pp.

39. Calas, Nicolas, "Are The Germans Paranoics?" June 194 7. 15pp.

40. Childs, John, "American Liberalism Today," March 194 7. llpp.

78 Collection XI (Cont.)

Reel 26 (Cont.)

41. Cork, Jim, "Portrait of Einstein," August 1947. 9pp.

42. ---, "Portrait of Nehru," April 1947. 9pp. 43. Denicke, George, "Challenge of Conquest," March 1947. 13pp. (2 copies)

44. Dubinsky, David, "You Can't Legislate Maturity: Reply of an American Union Leader to the Proposed Anti-Labor Bills," April 1943. 23pp.

45. Editorials, 1947

"A Not-So-Innocent Abroad," Spp. (2 copies)

"The Desire for Chaos," 3pp. (2 copies)

"Elections in the Pickwickian Sense," 3pp. (2 copies)

"Free But Divided," 3pp.

"Freedom For The Thought We Hate," 4pp.

"French Interlude," 4pp.

"Frenchman's Burden," 3pp. (2 copies)

"French Socialists and the Fourth Republic," 3pp. (2 copies)

"From Julian Gorkin," 40pp.

"Germany SOS," 3pp.

"John L. Outflanks the Bureaucrats," 3pp.

"The Law and Order of Chaos," lp. (2 copies)

"Law Without Justice," 3pp.

"March of Moscow Time," 4pp.

"Miners, Too, Are People," 4pp. (2 copies)

"Miner Victory," 3pp.

"Mixed-Up Economy," 3pp.

"The NAM Takes Its Revenge," 2pp.

79 Collection XI (Cont.)

Reel 26 (Cont.)

"Peace Treaties or Peace?" 3pp. (2 copies)

"Robbing the Pillars," 3pp. (2 copies)

"Sanctions Against Monaco," 3pp. (2 copies)

"Secrets of Yalta," 4pp. (2 copies)

"Supermen or Super-Robots?" 4pp.

"Tight Rope Act," 2pp.

"Tovarisch Tepliakov Tips His Hand," 4pp.

"Women Talk Too Much," 2pp. (2 copies)

46. Faravelli, Giuseppe, "The Crisis in Italian Socialism," March 1947. 7pp. (3 copies-1 in Italian)

47. Fischer, Louis, "Mahatma Gandhi and Generalissimo Stalin," March 1947. 13pp.

48. Five Pictures of Germany (International Press) , August 1947

"The 'Normal' Consumer," 5pp. (2 copies)

"Germany-A Rubble Heap," 2pp. (2 copies)

"Sovietization of a German Province," 3pp. (2 copies)

"A Trip Into Germany's Eastern Zone," 3pp. (2 copies)

"Potato Hunt," 3pp. (2 copies)

49. Gelo and Andrea, "France's Four-Year Plan: Its Motive and Meaning," August 1947. 18pp. (2 copies)

50. Gross, Feliks, "The Planner and the Planned," (Unpublished). 16pp.

51. Guttman, Josef, "Limits of Terror," April 1947. 14pp. (2 copies)

52. Halpern, Ben, "The Israeli Commune: Privacy and the Collective Life," nd. 2lpp.

53. Hart, Stephen, "America Through Societ Eyes," June 1947. 16pp.

80 Collection XI (Cont.)

Reel 26 (Cont.)

54. Hicks, Granville, "The Revival of Liberalism," January 1950. llpp.

55. Hilferding, Rudolf, "State Capitalism or Totali tarian State Economy," June 1947. 9pp.

56. Himmelfarb, Gertrude, "The Hero As Politician," May 1949. llpp.

57. Horlitz, "Marx's Definition of Capitalism," May 1949. 17pp.

58. Hutchison, Keith, "Britain's Crisis and the Truman Doctrine," July 1947. 17pp.

59. International Press Clippings, 1947

"America Through European Eyes," 19pp. (2 copies)

"Between Hope and Despair," 6pp.

"Brave New World," 5pp. (3 copies)

"The Cost of British Reconstruction," 3pp.

"French Plan for Reconstruction," 2pp. (3 copies)

"French Syndicalism (or the French Union Movement) in 1947." llpp.

"From Spain by Salvador de Madariaga," 3pp.

"A German Re-evaluates Marxism," 4pp.

"Italian Socialist Split in Retrospect," 5pp.

"Nationalization in Britain: Three Views," 6pp.

"Russia's Internal Crisis," 20pp.

"Soul Searching on the French Left," 4pp. (2 copies)

"Stalin's Secret Army," 4pp. (2 copies)

"What Is Justice?" lOpp.

60. Jacoby, Henry, "Can Capitalism Survive In One Country?" July 1947. 17pp.

81 Collection XI (Cont.)

Reel 26 (Cont.)

61. Kecskemeti, Paul, "Existentialism: A New Trend in Philosophy, " March 194 7 . 2 Opp.

62. , "Ideology and Class Consciousness," (Unpublished) , nd. 13pp.

63. , "Some Recent Attempts to Define Meaning," May 1949. llpp.

64. ---, "Timeless History," June 1947. 8pp. 65. Kolarz, Walter, "Russian Colonisation," May 1947. 16pp.

66. , "Russian Colonisation II," August 1947. 17pp.

67. Korine, Karim, "The Middle East-World Storm Center," July 1947. 15pp. (2 copies)

68. Krivitsky, W. G., "Stalin's Hand in Spain," 15 April 1939. 2pp.

69. Levenstein, Aaron, "The Drift Toward Depression," April 1947. 9pp.

70. ---, "What's In Store For Labor?" June 1947. 16pp. 71. List, Kurt, "Fate of the Artist in America," May 1947. 13pp.

72. Lobbenberg, George, "German Cartels Today," August 1947. 8pp.

73. Madeira, Mrs. Percy c., [Critique of Dean's Russia Menace or Promise], 10 September 1947. 28pp.

74. Maier, Josef, "Jaspers and German Guilt," August 1947. 6pp.

75. Margolin, Julius, "Crime and Punishment," nd. 28pp.

76. Menck, Clara, "Problems of German Re-education," August 1947. llpp. (3 copies)

77. Meyer, Peter, "Reply to Leon Blum," June 1947. 7pp.

78. Modigliani, Franco, "Symposium on Full Employment," June 1947. 8pp.

82 Collection XI (Cont.)

Reel 26 (Cont.)

79. Monatte, Pierre, "Trends in French Unionism," August 1947. 13pp.

80. Narayan, Jayaprakash, "Indian Plan For Socialism," July 1947. 12pp.

81. Paechter, Henry M., "Stalingrad-As Seen from the Kremlin," June 1947. 5pp.

82. Rieff, Philip, "A Jesuit Looks At Proudhon," January 1950. 4pp.

83. Roskolenko, Harry, "Letter From Japan," July 1947. 3pp.

84. Sahl, Hans, "From Caligari to Hitler," August 1947. 5pp. (3 copies-1 in German)

85. Sapir, Boris, "Is War With Russia Inevitable? An Examination of Burnham's New Thesis," July 1947. lOpp.

86. Saxon, George, "From the Miner's Point of View," August 1947. 14pp. (2 copies)

87. Schmidt, Kurt, "Freedom and Bureaucracy," April 1947. 4pp. (2 copies)

88. Schwarz, Solomon, "Nationality Policies in the Soviet Union," nd. 27pp.

89. , "Trade Unions in Postwar Russia," July 1947. 13pp.

90. Seers, Dudley, "An Economy in Transition," April 1947. 15pp.

91. Serge, Victor, "Socialism and Psychology," May 1947. 14pp. (2 copies-1 in French)

92. Shuster, George N., "Germany and the Future of Europe," May 1947. lOpp.

93. Steinberg, Julien, "Institutions of Work and Society," July 1947. 8pp.

94. Vorrink, Koos, "Holland's New Labour Party," July 1947. 6pp. (2 copies)

83 Collection XI (Cont.)

Reel 26 (Cont.)

95. Wolfe, Bernard, "Ecstatic in Blackface: The Negro as a Song-And-Dance Man," January 1950. 30pp.

96. Wolfe, Bertram D., "Journey to the Dark Side of the Moon, " May 194 7. 7pp.

84 COLLECTION XII

INTERCOLLEGIATE SOCIALIST SOCIETY RECORDS, 1900-1921

The Intercollegiate Socialist Society (ISS) was established by a prominent group of socialists in New York in 1905. Among the founding members of the ISS were James Graham Phelps Stokes, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, William English Walling, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Leonard D. Abbott, Jack London, Upton Sinclair, B. O. Flowers, Clarence Darrow, and Oscar Lovell Triggs. The ISS was organized for the purpose of pro moting the study and advocacy of socialism among college students and faculty members. During its most productive years, the ISS had active chapters on many campuses across the country, particularly in the eas tern and midwestern states. As a socialist educational organization, the ISS established numerous study and reading groups, sponsored rallies and lecture engagements for prominent socialists, published book lists and pamphlets relating to a variety of socialist issues, anq held occasional national meetings and annual conventions. In 1921, the ISS changed its name to the League for Industrial Democracy so as to reflect its then older constituency and broader objectives.

The Intercollegiate Socialist Society Records, 1900-1921, originate from the papers of Harry w. Laidler. (Laidler was the organizing sec retary of the ISS from 1910 to 1921 and the executive director of the League for Industrial Democracy from 1921 to 1956.) The collection con sists of 29 subject files, including correspondence; financial and membership records; Executive Committee minutes; Organizing Secretary reports; printed, mimeographed, and office materials; and newspaper clippings. The contents of each subject file have been arranged chronologically, with all undated items placed at the end of the file. Each subject file has been assigned a frame number and has been cited in the complete reel list which follows this description of the arrange ment of the collection.

The largest quantity of records in this collection is the correspon dence (XII:l). Most of the correspondence covers the period, 1904-1910, although there are several items for 1912 and 1918. The correspondence contains information about the establishment of the ISS, activities of various ISS chapters, and routine organizational matters, such as spon soring fund-raising drives and scheduling speaking events and special conferences. Among the most prominent correspondents in this file are Harry w. Laidler, Upton Sinclair, William English Walling, James Graham Phelps Stokes, M. R. Holbrook, William Feigenbaum, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, W. J. Ghent, and John Spargo.

Two important, though not sizable, files in this collection are the Executive Committee minutes and the Organizing Secretary reports. The Executive Committee minutes (XII:7) contain informative reports on ISS activities and proposed policy resolutions. This is undoubtedly the most

85 Collection XII (Cont.) complete set of Executive Committee minutes in existence, although some minutes are missing. The Organizing Secretary reports (XII:8) document many of the activities which occurred in the ISS chapters throughout the country. These reports, which were written by Harry W. Laidler, also contain information about membership, new chapters, special events re lating to the ISS, and financial matters. It should be emphasized that these reports are incomplete for the period covered ~n this file.

The printed, mimeographed, and office material (XII:9-XII:26) con stitute the second largest group of records in this collection. These papers are actually the contents of several !SS scrapbooks which were compiled by Harry W. Laidler. The materials consist of memoranda, pamphlets, form letters, annual convention reports, lecture announce ments, press releases, statements, and miscellaneous printed matter. These items have been arranged chronologically by year, month, and day, with undated items placed at the end of each year. The pamphlets and leaflets in these files have been bibliographically cited in the com plete reel list under the particular file in which they are located.

This collection also contains most issues of the Bulletin of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society, 1908-1912, and a large number of newspaper clippings pertaining to the !SS. Serving as the major serial publication of the !SS during its formative period, the Bulletin of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society (XII:28) offers information about major policy developments and activities of the organization. The newspaper clippings (XII:29) were taken from a variety of socialist and non-socialist newspapers during the period, 1906-1918. These clippings contain information about the ISS's response to World War I, the ISS's idealistic visions of a socialist millenium, Rose Pastor Stokes and the controversy over distributing birth control information, the ISS's position regarding the 1912 and 1916 Presidential campaigns, and the important developments occurring at ISS meetings and guest lectures.

Reel 27 1. Correspondence, 6 January 1904-[1918]

2. Financial Papers, 1905-1917

3. Account Books, 1910-1912

4. Membership, Members of the Executive Committee, 1905- 1921

5. Membership, Number of Chapters and Members, 1910-1917

6. Membership, Socialists on University Faculties, 1900-1920

7. Executive Committee Minutes, 12 September 1905-20 April 1914

8. Reports of Organizing Secretary, 1906-1921, nd

86 Collection XII (Cont.)

Reel 27 (Cont.)

9. Printed, Mimeographed, and Office Materials, 1905

Books on Socialism. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, [1905]. 4pp.

Intercollegiate Socialist Society. New York: Inter collegiate Socialist Society, [1905]. 4pp.

Weeks, Rufus. The Most Interesting Phenomenon of the Twentieth Century. Danville, Illinois: Christian Socialist Printing Company, 1905. 8pp. Reprint from Newark Evening News.

Ford, E. B. You Must Do It. [Faribault, Minnesota, 1905]. lp.

Ford, Professor C. What Is Socialism? Who Is A Socialist? np, [1905]. lp

10. Printed, Mimeographed, and Office Materials, 1906

Patterson, Joseph Medill. Confessions of a Drone. Girard, Kansas: Appeal to Reason, [1906]. 14pp.

11. Printed, Mimeographed, and Office Materials, 1907

Ross, E. A. Political Decay. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, [1907]. 4pp.

Sinclair, Upton. What Life Means To Me. Girard, Kansas: Appeal to Reason, [1907]. 12pp.

Intercollegiate Socialist Society. General Outline for a Course in the Study of Socialism, Suggested for Study Chapters of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, 1907. 4pp. (2 copies)

12. Printed, Mimeographed, and Office Materials, 1908

[Constitution of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society]. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, September 1908. 8pp.

A Few Socialists. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, [1908]. 4pp.

[Leaflet on the New York chapter of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society]. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, New York Chapter, [1908]. 7pp.

87 Collection XII (Cont.)

Reel 27 (Cont.)

Spargo, John. Socialism and the Student. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, [1908]. 6pp.

Studies in Socialism. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, New York Chapter, [1908]. 3pp.

Reel 28 13. Printed, Mimeographed, and Office Materials, 1909

Kirkpatrick, George R. For the Educated Proletariat. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, [1909]. 20pp.

[Report by W. J. Ghent on the Intercollegiate Socialist Society]. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, October 1909. 8pp.

Lee, Algernon. What Socialists Stand For. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, [1909]. lp.

14. Printed, Mimeographed, and Office Materials, 1910

[Report by Algernon Lee on the Intercollegiate Socialist Society]. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, September 1910. 8pp.

[Report on the New York chapter of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society]. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, September 1910. 7pp.

Socialism and the Student. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, 1910. 7pp.

15. Printed, Mimeographed, and Office Materials, 1911

Books on Socialism and Allied Subjects. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, May 1911. llpp.

Annual Statement of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, September 1911. 16pp.

Socialism and the Student. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, December 1911. llpp.

Study Chapters. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, December 1911. 8pp.

Socialism and the Student. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, [1911]. 7pp.

88 Collection XII (Cont.)

Reel 28 (Cont.)

Ghent, W. J. To Skeptics and Doubters. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, 1911. 32pp.

16. Printed, Mimeographed, and Office Materials, 1912

Members of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, January 1912. 24pp.

Courses in Socialism. General Outline for Courses in the Study of Socialism Suggested for Study Chapters of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, September 1912. 15pp.

Annual Statement of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, September 1912. 19pp.

Books on Socialism and Allied Subjects. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, December 1912. llpp.

Study Chapters. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, March 1912. 8pp.

Socialism and Present Day Politics. Cambridge: Harvard Socialist Club, October 1912. Harvard Socialist Tracts No. 2. 8pp.

17. Printed, Mimeographed, and Office Materials, 1913

Annual Statement of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, September 1913. 19pp.

[Leaflet of worker songs]. np, (1913]. Spp.

18. Printed, Mimeographed, and Office Materials, 1914

Books on Socialism and Allied Subjects. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, September 1914. 12pp.

Socialism and Social Reform. Study Course. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, New York Chapter, [1914]. 4pp.

89 Collection XII (Cont.)

Reel 28 (Cont.)

Laidler, Harry W. The European War and Socialism. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, New York Chapter, November 1914. 12pp.

Study Chapters. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, February 1914. Bpp.

19. Printed, Mimeographed, and Office Materials, 1915

Books on Socialism and Allied Subjects. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, December 1915. 4pp.

20. Printed, Mimeographed, and Office Materials, 1916

Schoonmaker, Edwin Davies. The Greatest Lesson of War. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, July 1916. 20pp.

Why Study Socialism? New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, 1916. 20pp.

Study Course on Socialism. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, 1916. 16pp.

Perky, Cheves West. Cooperation in the United States. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, [1916]. 3lpp.

Clark, Evans. Municipal Ownership in the United States. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, [1916]. 30pp.

21. Printed, Mimeographed, and Office Materials, 1917

How to Organize. Suggestions to Members of the Inter collegiate Socialist Society. New York: Inter collegiate Socialist Society, September 1917. 4pp.

Membership List 1917-1918. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, [1917]. 20pp.

22. Printed, Mimeographed, and Office Materials, 1918

23. Printed, Mimeographed, and Office Materials, 1919

Books on Socialism and Allied Subjects. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, February 1919. 16pp.

90 Collection XII (Cont.)

Reel 28 (Cont.)

Laidler, Harry W. Study Courses in Socialism. New York: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, February 1919. 32pp.

24. Printed, Mimeographed, and Office Materials, 1920

25. Printed, Mimeographed, and Off ice Materials, 1921

26. Printed, Mimeographed, and Office Materials, undated

London, Jack. What Life Means To Me. Princeton: Intercollegiate Socialist Society, nd. 15pp.

27. Anti-Socialist Literature, 1920

Clum, Woodworth. Making Socialists Out of College Students. A Story of Professors and Other Collegians Who Hobnob With Radicals. Los Angeles: Better American Federation of California, [1920]. 23pp.

28. Butletin of the Intercotlegiate Socialist Society, 1908- 1912

Dec 1, 1908; Mar, Apr, May, Oct-Nov 1909; Jan-Feb, Mar Apr, Oct-Nov 1910; Dec 1910-Jan 1911, Feb-Mar, Apr May, Oct-Nov 1911; Dec 1911-Jan 1912, Feb-Mar, Apr May, Oct-Nov, Nov-Dec 1912

29. Newspaper Clippings, September 1906-September 1918, nd

COLLECTION XI II

RAND SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RECORDS, 1901-1956

The Rand School of Social Science was undoubtedly one of the most important schools for workers and socialists in modern American his tory. Established in 1906 with funds from the will of Mrs. Carrie Rand and with the able leadership of George D. Herron, the Rand School provided working men and women with an opportunity to continue their education. Over the next 50 years, a variety of Rand School courses on many contemporary topics, traditional subjects, and socialist theory were taught by intellectual leaders of the socialist movement, distinguished academicians, and trade union leaders.

During its early years from 1906 to 1922, the Rand School was supported by funds from the Socialist Party, the People's Educational Camp Society (Camp Tamiment), trade unions, the workmen's Circle, the Jewish Forward Association, and the Rand School Bookstore. Most of the courses offered during this period pertained to socialist theory, economics, economic history, American history, literature, and other traditional subjects. Among the members of the Rand School faculty at this time were such illuminaries as Scott Nearing, Charles Beard, James Harvey Robinson, Algernon Lee, and Bertha Howell Mailly.

By 1917 the Rand School had outgrown its original offices and classrooms in New York City's Greenwich Village and, in the fall of that year, purchased a six-story building at 7 East 15th Street which had been vacated by the Young Women's Christian Association. This new building, named the "People's House" after a socialist center in Brussels, Belgium, had an auditorium, a library, spacious classrooms, and office space which was utilized by several socialist organizations as well as the Rand School·staff. This building served as the head quarters of the Rand School until it closed in 1956.

The growth of the Rand School and the increased strength of the socialist movement contributed to the climate of anti-radical hysteria that prevailed in New York and other parts of the country following Wofld War I. In 1919, the New York State Assembly appointed a special committee to investigate radical activities in the state, including the Rand School. Under the chairmanship of State Senator Clayton R. Lusk, this committee engaged in a campaign of harrassment against the Rand School and its administrative board, the American Socialist Society. During the course of three years, the Lusk Committee conducted a raid on the Rand School offices, confiscated Rand School property, and attempted to close the school by court-ordered injunction. Through a series of court cases in 1920 and 1922 (United States of America vs. American Socialist Society and Scott Nearing; The People of the State of New York against American Socialist Society), the Rand School was able to successfully counteract the Lusk Committee and retain control over its operations.

93 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Following the debacle with the Lusk Committee, the Rand School entered into a period of expanded course offerings, special educational programs, and increased student enrollment. One of the most prevalent areas of expansion in the Rand School from the early 1920s until the mid-1940s was course offerings. During this period, the Rand School curriculum shifted from its parochial attachment to socialist instruc tion to a wide range of courses in the areas of child development, trade union policies, education, home economics, music, art, Russian studies, juvenile delinquency, race relations, peace education, pro paganda and public opinion, psychology, public speaking, social work, supervision, and youth leadership. Some of the more notable instruc tors for these courses were Charles Beard, Franz Boas, Marc Connolly, Stephen Vincent Benet, Bertrand Russell, and August Claessens.

In addition to these expanded course offerings, the Rand School also provided many special educational programs. One of the most popular programs implemented by the Rand School was the correspondence courses. First organized prior to World War I, the correspondence course program was refined and expanded during the 1920s. Most of the course offerings pertained to socialist theory, but there were also courses in trade unionism, economics, social problems, and government as well. Another well-attended special program was the Trade Union Institute. This program was first offered in the mid-1920s as the Workers' Training Course and later revised at the Trade Union Insti tute during the 1936-1937 academic year. The Institute offered courses in union organizing, contemporary labor problems, labor-management relations, labor history, parliamentary procedure, and public speaking. During the 1940s and early 1950s, the Trade Union Institute was one of the most vital components of the Rand School curriculum.

When the Rand School was re-organized in the late 1930s, special education programs were offered for the first time in select profes sional areas of study. Some of these programs included review courses for the certified public accountant's examination, teacher in-service credit courses and coaching courses, and courses for social workers and employment counselors. During this same period, the Rand School administration aJso established the following programs: (1) a Rand High School division which was designed to supplement the regular studies of high school students (1935-1936); (2) a political training course for members of the Social Democratic Federation and the American Labor Party (1937-1939); (3) the Newark School of Social Science which featured socialist, trade union, and contemporary issue courses and lectures for workers living in New Jersey (1937-1940) ; and (4) the Rand School in Northern New Jersey which superceded the Newark School and offered similar courses (1947-1949).

Besides its special education programs, the Rand School also sponsored numerous lectures, forums, and conferences on a variety of socialist and labor subjects. Some of the most interesting events of this nature were the 1931 forum on current events with Charles Edward Russell and Norman Thomas among the guest speakers; the 1932 United

94 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Youth Conference Against War; the 1941 symposium on America's role in World War II with Alfred Baker Lewis, August Claessens, and Gerhart Seger among the guest speakers; the 1941 conference on war aims and the postwar world with Alexander Kerensky, Matthew Woll, and Bertrand Rus sell among the guest speakers; the 1943 panel discussion on the validity of socialism with Sidney Hook, Max Eastman, and John Chamberlain among the guest speakers; and the 1944 lecture series on contemporary "pro phets" with Max Ascoli, Mark Starr, Raphael Abramovitch, and Sidney Hook among the guest lecturers. As a means of helping to raise funds for the perpetually debt-ridden institution, the Rand School staff also sponsored annual benefits at the Metropolitan Opera House and produced occasional plays through the Rand Playhouse in the 1930s and the Labor Theatre in the early 1950s.

During its most active period, the Rand School operated a book store which contained many traditional and contemporary works on socialism, American and European labor, politics, sociology, and eco nomics. The Rand School also maintained several research operations, including the Labor Research Department, the American Labor Archive and Research Institute, and the Institute of Social Studies. These research and information services published such works as The American Labor Year Book (1916-1932), The American Labor Who's Who (1925), the American Labor Press Directory (1925) , and the Index to Labor Articles (1926-1953) .

Another important adjunct of the activities of the Rand School was the library. Initially begun with gifts from students, teachers, alumni, and many socialist and labor supporters, the Meyer London Memo rial Library (later known as the Tamiment Library), named after the famous New York City congressman, became well known for its manuscript collections, books, pamphlets, magazines, and newspapers pertaining to socialism, communism, and organized labor.

Shortly after World War II, the Rand School suffered a sharp de crease in both enrollment and course offerings. Recurring financial problems, the decline of American socialism in general, and the haunting specter of McCarthyism contributed significantly to this predicament. By the late 1940s and early 1950s, the Rand School offered only a few courses in addition to its relatively successful labor-management rela tions program. Finally, in January 1956, the Board of Directors of the American Socialist Society closed the Rand School and transferred the title of the "People's House" to the People's Educational Camp Society.

The Rand School of Social Science Records, 1901-1956, are organized into the following six series: (A) administrative records (including the American Socialist Society), 1901-1956, nd; (B) general correspon dence, 1913-1956, nd; (C) course records, 1917-1955, nd; (D) financial records, 1912-1955, nd; (E) Rand School Bookstore records, 1922-1956, nd; and (F) publications, 1906-1955. Each series has been assigned an alphabetical frame designation, while the subject files within each

95 Collection XIII (Cont.) series have been assigned a numerical frame designation. Each series and its respective subject files are cited in the complete reel list which follows this description of the arrangement of the collection.

Series A. Administrative Records (Including the American Socialist Society), 1901-1956, nd

The administrative records of the Rand School consist of 20 subject files, including several miscellaneous files, the papers of the Rand School Board of Directors, and the papers of the American Socialist Society which was the governing body of the Rand School. The contents of each subject file have been arranged in chronological order, with undated items located at the end of the file. The miscellaneous files (XIII:A:l-XIII:A:4) include minutes, reports, and legal papers of the Rand School Society, Rand School Educational Council, Rand School Financial Committee, and the Rand Educational Institute. The Board of Directors' files (XIII:A:5-XIII:A:9) consist of correspondence, reports, memoranda, minutes, and resolutions. Of special interest in this section are the minutes of the Board of Directors' meetings (XIII:A:B). The minutes in this file contain important information pertaining to the decision-making process of the Rand School administrative staff and the various policies implemented by the Board.

The bulk of the materials in this series relate to the American Socialist Society (XIII:A:l0-XIII:A:20). It should be emphasized that the records of the American Socialist Society correspond with the items in the Board of Directors' files. The American Socialist Society records contain background papers, legal papers, correspondence, reports, minutes, annual meetings' papers, membership lists, and dues records.

The most interesting material in the American Socialist Society files are the papers relating to the three court cases and investiga tions involving the Society after World War I (XIII:A:ll). Prominent among these cases is the Lusk Committee's investigation of the Ameri can Socialist Society in 1919 (XIII:A:lla). Some of the items included in this file are the resolution authorizing the investigation, a "State ment of Facts" written by the Society, legal documents pertaining to the issuance of a search warrant, and an inventory of items seized in the committee raid on the Rand School. The court case files also include materials on the United States of America vs. American Socialist Society and Scott Nearing (XIII:A:llb) and The People of the State of New York against American Socialist Society (XIII:A:llc).

The American Socialist Society correspondence files (XIII:A:l2- XIII:A:l4) contain incoming and outgoing letters, letters relating to the Society's efforts to obtain tax exempt status, and mimeographed correspondence. Most of the correspondence relates to the routine operations of the Society, although there are several interesting letters which convey information about various Rand School policies. Among the significant correspondents in these files are Charles Beard, Morris Hillquit, Harry W. Laidler, Algernon Lee, John Spargo, and W. J. Ghent.

96 Collection XIII (Cont.)

The American Socialist Society files also include extensive min utes (XIII:A:l6) and papers relating to annual meetings (XIII:A:l7). The minutes file contains valuable information about policies and events affecting the operations of the Rand School. It is recommended that these minutes as well as the American Socialist Society reports (XIII:A:l5) be used in conjunction with the Rand School Board of Dir ectors' minutes. The annual meetings' file contains correspondence and related papers of relatively minor importance. It should be pointed out that the papers pertaining to the annual meetings also include a frame number designation for each year in the file. For example, the papers relating to the 1950 annual meeting will have the frame number, XIII:A:l7:1950.

Series B. General Correspondence, 1913-1956, nd

The general correspondence constitutes the largest quantity of records in the Rand School collection. Most of the items in this series pertain to the period, 1930-1949, although there is correspondence covering the entire history of the Rand School. The correspondence is arranged in chronological order, with undated items located at the end of the series. Much of the correspondence reflects such routine matters as handling inquiries about course offerings or teaching positions, mailing invitations to guest speakers, making arrangements for courses and lectures, and sponsoring fund-raising events. Besides these items, there are several letters which discuss the Lusk Committee's investi gation of the Rand School, unemployment during the Depression, the Socialist Party split in the mid-1930s, and the affairs of the New Leader. Most of the correspondence is from the executive offices of the Rand School, particularly from Algernon Lee, Bertha H. Mailly, William E. Bohn, John L. Afros, and Theodore Schapiro. Other corres pondents with letters of more than routine interest are Norman Thomas, Upton Sinclair, Charles Edward Russell, John M. Work, J. Mahlon Barnes, Clarence Senior, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, and William C. Duffy.

Series c. Course Records, 1917-1955, nd

The Rand School course records are organized into the following four parts: (1) course records and correspondence, 1925-1953, nd; (2) miscellaneous records, 1917-1955, nd; (3) transcripts of lectures and debates, [1920]-1945, nd; and (4) manuscripts, 1933-(1950], nd. The titles for these parts have not been assigned frame numbers, but the subject files within each part have been given frame numbers. Each of these parts will be described in detail.

The course records and correspondence consist of 82 subject files which pertain to courses, lectures, forums, and special educational programs sponsored by the Rand School. The subject files are arranged in alphabetical order according to the title of the file. Within most of these files are course records (course outlines, syllabi, class

97 Collection XIII (Cont.) exercises, examinations, related papers) and correspondence relating to a particular course. For each file in which those types of materials are found, the course records precede the correspondence in the filming order. All correspondence in these files is chronologically arranged and pertains to such matters as obtaining faculty members and sched uling courses in the School's curriculum for a particular semester. Among the more interesting items in this part are the papers relating to correspondence courses (XIII:C:9), teacher in-service courses (XIII:C:l8-XIII:C:l9), juvenile delinquency courses (XIII:C:23- XIII:C:24), the Newark School of Social Science (XIII:C:31), peace education (XIII:C:34), propaganda courses (XIII:C:38-XIII:C:39), the Rand High School (XIII:C:45), the Rand School in Northern New Jersey (XIII:C:46), teacher coaching courses (XIII:C:58-XIII:C:65), the Trade Union Institute (XIII:C:66-XIII:C:69), women's afternoon classes (XIII:C:74-XIII:C:76), and the Workers' Training Course (XIII:C:77- XIII:C: 78).

The miscellaneous records, consisting of 25 subject files, include attendance records, biographical information on faculty members and guest lecturers, job applications, registration records, Rand School theatrical group papers, and papers relating to youth affairs. The subject files in this part are arranged in alphabetical order according to the title of the file. Items within each file are arranged in chronological order.

There are several interesting files in the miscellaneous records. Foremost among these items are the papers pertaining to the Rand School Women's Committee and Women's Auxiliary (XIII:C:99-XIII:C:l02). The correspondence and minutes in these particular files relate to the special courses and the 1935 rummage sale which were sponsored by the Women's Committee. Another important segment of this part are the papers of the various Rand School theatrical groups, particularly the Labor Theatre (XIII:C:92), Rand Playhouse (XIII:C:93), and the Workers' Theatre Council (XIII:C:l04). Included within these files are plays, routine correspondence, invitations to productions, handbills, and other items. The miscellaneous records also contain some minutes of the International Council for the Study of European Problems (XIII:C:90), records and correspondence for the Trade Union Essay Contest in 1937 (XIII:C:97), records and correspondence for the WEVD Radio Round Table in 1937 (XIII:C:98), and a file on the Young People's Socialist League and the Socialist Party's Committee on Youth Affairs (XIII:C:l06).

The transcripts of lectures and debates is composed of 36 subject files. These files have been arranged in chronological order, with undated items placed at the end of the section. Among the most inte resting items in this part are an address by Bertrand Russell on post World War I Europe (XIII:C:l09), a lecture by Stuart Chase on the rationalization of industry (XII:C:lll), five lectures by Morris Hill quit on international socialism (XIII:C:ll2), a debate between Harry Elmer Barnes and Algernon Lee on the question of whether the United States should become involved in an anti-fascist war (XIII:C:l23), a

98 Collection XIII (Cont.) lecture by Sidney Hook on Marx and Engels (XIII:C:l26), and a lecture by Bertram D. Wolfe on Trotsky and Stalin (XIII:C:l29). In this part are also transcripts of five "Round-Table Discussions" which were sponsored by the Rand School in 1945 (XIII:C:l38-XIII:C:l42). These discussions, which centered upon a variety of contemporary political topics, featured such prominent figures as Sidney Hook, Bertram D. Wolfe, David J. Dallin, Henry Pratt Fairchild, A. Philip Randolph, and Irving Fisher. A full bibliographical citation for each item in this part can be found in the complete reel list for this collection.

The manuscripts part of this series consists of 25 subject files. The items in this part are arranged in alphabetical order according to the author's last name or the title of the manuscript. Many of the manuscripts were written for various Rand School courses and lectures. The most prominent items in this part are James T. Farrell's essay on socialism and workers' education (XIII:C:l50), Feliks Grass's essay on social empiricism (XIII:C:l54), W. R. Malinowski's article on socialist proposals for world peace (XIII:C:l58), Max Nomad's essay on American labor movements (XIII:C:l62), and Mark Starr's essay on George Bernard Shaw and the Fabians (XIII:C:l65). There are also three term papers in this part which were written by Rand School students (XIII:C:l66).

Series D. Financial Records, 1912-1955, nd

The financial records of the Rand School consist of six subject files. Among the various types of materials found in this series are correspondence, audits and treasurer's reports, bequests and wills, con cert benefit papers, lists of contributors to the sustaining fund, and the One Third of a Century Fund papers. The items within these files are arranged in chronological order, with undated items placed at the end of the file. The bulk of the materials in this series pertains to the audits and treasurer's reports (XIII:D:2) and concert benefits (XIII:D:4). The audits and treasurer's reports offer general financial information about receipts and expenditures for the various depart ments within the Rand School. The concert benefits file contains correspondence and financial statements relating to the Metropolitan Opera and Broadway show performances which were held annually on behalf of the Rand School.

Series E. Rand School Bookstore Records, 1922-1956, nd

The Rand School Bookstore records, consisting of six subject files, include reports and plans of the bookstore, financial records, job applications, printed catalogues of books, advertising flyers and bro chures, and correspondence. The items within these files are arranged in chronological order, with undated items placed at the end of the file. Of particular interest in this series is the correspondence (XIII:E:6). The letters contained in this file offer a unique insight into the

99 Collection XIII (Cont.) operating procedures of the bookstore and the people who transacted business with the store.

Series F. Publications, 1906-1955

The publications series is organized into the following nine parts: (1) correspondence and reports, 1912-(1955], nd; (2) pamphlets and books, 1914-1954; (3) The American Labor Year Book, 1916-1932; (4) Index to Labor Articles, 1926-1953; (5) serials, 1918-1955; (6) course bulletins and announcements, 1906-1955; (7) correspondence course lesson books, 1913-1936; (8) ephemera, 1911-1955; and (9) press releases, 1926- 1955, nd. These parts as well as the items within most parts have been assigned frame numbers. Each part in this series will be described in detail.

1. Correspondence and Reports, 1912-(1955], nd

The correspondence and reports part contains three files which per tain to the Labor Research Department (XIII:F:l:l), the American Labor Archive and Research Institute (XIII:F:l:2), and the Institute of Social Studies (XIII:F:l:3). The papers within these files are arranged in chronological order, with undated items placed at the end of the file. The two most interesting files in this part are those of the Labor Re search Department and the American Labor Archive and Research Institute. The Labor Research Department file contains numerous reports on Ameri can labor issues and the Department's operations. The correspondence in this file primarily consists of reviews of The American Labor Year Book. Among the principal correspondents in this file are Alexander Trachtenberg, Feliks Gross, Harry W. Laidler, Solon De Leon, Max Nomad, Mark Starr, Upton Sinclair, and James Oneal.

The American Labor Archive and Research Institute was established in 1941 for the purpose of preserving documents which related to the European and American labor movements. The correspondence in the American labor Archive file pertains to the activities of the Archive's director, Boris Nicolaevsky. There is also an interesting report in this file entitled, "Jewish Problems in the American Trade Union Press, 1944- 1945." This report was prepared by the American Labor Archive staff for the Jewish Labor Committee.

2. Pamphlets and Books, 1914-1954

The pamphlets and books part of the publications series consists of 83 pamphlets and one book. These items are arranged in alphabetical order according to the author's last name or the title of the publica tion. Some of the topics discussed in the pamphlets include the Taft Hartley Law, the Lusk Committee's investigation of the Rand School, socialist theory, race prejudice, the objectives of organized labor, the New York City socialist aldermen, the Seabury investigation, public

100 Collection XIII (Cont.) ownership, the Moscow Trials, the rise of totalitarian regimes in the 1930s, the Russian Revolution, militarism, the American Labor Party, the Austrian Civil War, and the "Popular Front" issue. Many of these pamphlets were written by such prominent figures as David P. Berenberg, August Claessens, Evans Clark, Max Eastman, James T. Farrell, Morris Hillquit, Herbert Morrison, Scott Nearing, James Oneal, and August Tyler. The only book in this part is The American Labor Who's Who which was edited by Solon De Leon in 1925 (XIII:F:2:27). This refer ence work, which was published under the auspices of the Labor Re search Department, is a compilation of brief biographical sketches of prominent American labor leaders in the post-World War I era. A full bibliographical citation for each item in this part is located in the complete reel list for this collection.

3. The Amer>ican Labor> Year Book, 1916-1932

The third part of the publications series contains a complete file of The American Labor Year> Book. Published from 1916 to 1932 by the Labor Research Department, The American Labor Year Book contains numer ous articles and reports on all aspects of the American labor movement. The volumes in this file are arranged in chronological order. A full bibliographical citation for each volume in this part can be found in the complete reel list for this collection.

4. Index to Labor> Articles, 1926-1953

The fourth part of the publications series contains the Index to Labor Articles. Originally entitled the Index to Labor Periodicals, this publication was prepared by the staff of the Rand School's Meyer London Memorial Library from December 1926 to October 1953. In each issue of the Index, there are numerous citations for articles pertaining to the American and international labor movements. It is interesting to note that many of these citations were drawn from various labor, progressive, and radical periodicals which standard reference sources, such as The Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature, neglected to cite. The Index to Labor Articles is arranged in chronological order and is complete except for three issues. It should be noted that the editor attempted to locate these missing items at other repositories, but was unable to find them. A full bibliographical citation for each volume of the Index is located in the complete reel list for this collection.

5. Serials, 1918-1955

The serials part of the publications series contains nine short lived internal publications. The most prominent serial publications in this part include the Institute of Social Studies Bulletin (XIII:F:S:l), The Labor Student (XIII:8:5:3), The Rand School News (XIII:F:5:7), Russian Affairs (before it was incorporated into the New Leader; XIII:F:5:8), and The Student Worker (XIII:F:5:9). The serials are arran ged in alphabetical order according to the title of the publication. Separate issues within a particular serial are arranged in chronological

101 Collection XIII (Cont.) order. A full bibliographical citation for each serial can be found in the complete reel list for this collection.

6. Course Bulletins and Announcements, 1906-1955

The course bulletins and announcements part of the publications series consists of 155 items. These bulletins pertain to the general course curriculum of the Rand School from 1906 to 1955, and to such special education programs as the Trade Union Institute, the Physical Education Department, summer school, the Workers' Training Course, correspondence courses, Rand High School, Alertness Courses, Political Training Courses, the Newark School of Social Science, the Rand School of Northern New Jersey, and the Trade Union Leadership Training Pro gram. The items in this part are arranged in chronological order. A full bibliographical citation for each item in this part is located in the complete reel list for this collection.

7. Correspondence Course Lesson Books, 1913-1936

The seventh part of the publications series consists of 11 corre spondence course lesson books. These lesson books, which contain indi vidualized reading exercises and questions, relate to various courses in socialist history and thought, trade unionism, economics, and social history. Some of these books were written by such noted socialists as Scott Nearing, Algernon Lee, Anna A. Maley, Nathan Fine, and David P. Berenberg. The lesson books are arranged in alphabetical order according to the author's last name. A full bibliographical citation for each lesson book is located in the complete reel list for this collection

8. Ephemera, 1911-1955

9. Press Releases, 1926-1955, nd

The final two parts of the publications series contain ephemeral printed matter (XIII:F:8) and press releases (XIII:F:9). The ephemeral printed matter is arranged in chronological order and includes commemo rative booklets, circular letters, programs, announcements, flyers, brochures, handbills, leaflets, and postcards. Some of the most interes ting items in this part are the programs for the Rand School Ball of 1920, 1921, and 1922; ten leaflets relating to a series of political talks given by Scott Nearing before the Rand School's Current History class in 1924; a leaflet for Charles Beard's 1930-1931 symposium enti tled, "American Civilization Today"; announcements for the Metropolitan Opera and Broadway show benefits; and two booklets commemorating the 40th and 45th anniversaries of the Rand School. The press releases are also arranged in chronological order, with undated items placed at the end of the file. Most of the press releases contain general information about the Rand School as well as announcements of lectures and special events. There are also several speeches in this part which were given by Rand School faculty members and guest lecturers.

102 Collection XIII (Cont.)

The following items were not included in the microfilm edition of the Rand School Records: Series A, Administrative Records-newspaper clippings relating to the Lusk Committee investigation; Series B, Course Records-miscellaneous student records and a file on the Social Work course of 1939 (contained mailing lists); Series E, Rand School Bookstore Records mailing lists and a record of book orders; Series F, Publications-Rand School Press monographs, one Rand School scrapbook, public relations correspondence, advertising layouts, and the accession books of the Meyer London Memorial Library. Other Rand School-related collections which were not filmed for legal reasons were the records of The Society of the Commonwealth Center (including the papers pertaining to the "Save the People's House" campaign in the early 1930s), Camp Tamiment (The People's Educational Camp Society), and the Tamiment Institute. Scholars interes ted in these collections should contact the Tamiment Library for access information.

Reel 29 A. Administrative Records (Including the American Socialist Society), 1901-1956, nd

1. Rand School Society, Minutes, 6 May 1907-13 September 1907

2. Educational Council, Minutes and Reports, 7 November 1919-(1921]

3. Finance Committee, Minutes, 6 February 1926-14 February 1928

4. Rand Educational Institute, Minutes, Certificate of Incorporation, and By-Laws, 11 March 1939-(1939]

5. Rand School Board of Directors, Correspondence, [1917)-5 January 1956, nd

6. Rand School Board of Directors, Reports and Memoranda to the Board, [1916)-28 October 1952

7. Rand School Board of Directors, Reports and Memoranda of the Board, October 1926 and 17 February 1941

8. Rand School Board of Directors, Minutes and Reso lutions, 25 March 1906-29 September 1955

9. Rand S::hool Board of Directors, Minutes of a Joint Meeting of the Rand School Board with the Finance Committee of the American Socialist Society, 4 and 9 January 1928

103 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 29 (Cont.)

10. American Socialist Society, General and Background Papers, 1 October 1901-[1953]

11. American Socialist Society, Court Cases and Investi gations, October 1918-May 1922, nd

a. Lusk Committee Investigation of the American Socialist Society, October 1918-August 1919, nd

b. United States of America vs. American Socialist Society and Scott Nearing, United States Dis trict Court, 18 March 1919 and 19 February 1920

c. The People of the State of New York against American Socialist Society, Court of Appeals of the State of New York, 26 February 1922 and May 1922

12. American Socialist Society, Correspondence, 19 November 1909-30 December 1955, nd

13. American Socialist Society, Correspondence relating to tax exempt status of the American Socialist Society, 13 January 1939-13 October 1955

Reel 30 14. American Socialist Society, Mimeographed corres pondence to members, 13 December 1926-23 July 1946, nC!.

15. American Socialist Society, Reports, 7 March 1911- 1 December 1952

16. American Socialist Society, Minutes of Board meetings and American Socialist Society general meetings, 24 November 1905-26 March 1943

17. American Socialist Society, Annual Meetings, 16 January 1924-7 June 1956, nd

18. American Socialist Society, Membership Lists, 1920, 1926, 1932, 1955, nd

19. American Socialist Society, Dues Record, 1925-1955

a. Ledger, 1925-1933

b. List, "Payment A.S.S. Dues", 17 February 1932

104 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 30 (Cont.)

c. Ledger of Members (including dues payments) , 1940-1955

d. List of Members in Arrears, 1 February 1941, 15 June 1942, and 1950

e. Correspondence Re: Payment of Dues, 12 February 1935-[1953]

20. American Socialist Society, Transfer of title of the Rand School from the American Socialist Society to the People's Educationsl Camp Society, 5 January 1956

B. General Correspondence, 1913-December 1926

Reel 31 B. General Correspondence, January 1927-January 1933

Reel 32 B. General Correspondence, February 1933-0ctober 1934

Reel 33 B. General Correspondence, November 1934-April 1936

Reel 34 B. General Correspondence, May 1936-May 1939

Reel 35 B. General Correspondence, June 1939-May 1944

Reel 36 B. General Correspondence, June 1944-January 1946

Reel 37 B. General Correspondence, February 1946-January 1948

Reel 38 B. General Correspondence, February 1948-March 1950

Reel 39 B. General Correspondence, April 1950-December 1955

Reel 40 B. General Correspondence, January 1956, nd

C. Course Records, 1917-1955, nd

Course Records and Correspondence, 1925-1953, nd (Nos. 1-82)

1. Course Announcements and Outlines, Fall 1925-Winter 1953, nd

2. Alertness Credit for Teachers, Course Records and Correspondence, 17 August 1933-12 February 1938

105 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 40 (Cont.)

3. The American Theater: Its Present and Future, Lecture Records and Correspondence, 12 March 1931-12 September 1931

4. Brooklyn Forum, Records and Correspondence, 25 October 1944-12 May 1947

5. Building Service Employees Union, Local 32B, Course Records and Correspondence, 9 February 1936- 9 June 1937

6. Child Institute, Records and Correspondence, 6 January 1929-10 May 1930

7. Children with Mental Retarded Development, Course Records, April 1940

8. "Communism vs. The Schools", 8 April 1941-15 May 1941

9. Correspondence Courses, Course Records and Corres pondence, 29 November 1932-23 April 1934

10. Current Trade Union Policies, Course Records and Correspondence, 30 July 1942-26 October 1942, nd

11. Debs School of Social Science, Lecture Series, January 1936 and February 1936

12. Education for Democracy, Course Records and Corres pondence, 10 January 1939-4 October 1939, [1939]

13. Employment Interviewer Counselor, Course Records and Correspondence, 16 May 1938-22 July 1938

14. Forums, 1929-1936, nd

15. The Ellture of American Labor, Lecture Records and Correspondence, 24 July 1931-8 February 1932

16. Home Economics, Course Records and Correspondence, March 1940

17. How Trade Unions Work, Course Records and Corres pondence, 10 August 1942-15 October 1942

18. In-Service Courses, Course Records and Correspondence, 2 June 1938-14 January 1942

106 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 40 (Cont.)

19. In-Service Course: New Tendencies and Techniques in Guidance, Course Materials, 1937-1938

20. Institute for Russian Studies, Records and Correspondence, 7 February 1944-5 April 1945

21. "Is Socialism Still Valid?", Conference Records and Correspondence, 5 January 1943-20 January 1943

Reel 41 22. Issues and Aims in the Labor Movement, Course Records and Correspondence, 17 August 1941- [November 1941]

23. Juvenile Delinquency Symposium, Course Records and Correspondence, 18 May 1937-4 March 1938

24. Juvenile Delinquency, Course Records and Corres pondence, 24 December 1937-2 May 1939

25. "Labor and Social Democracy, Here and Abroad", Conference Records and Correspondence, 22 May 1945-10 July 1945

26. "Labor and the Next Congress", Conference Records and Correspondence, 18 August 1942-17 October 1942

27. Luncheon Discussion Speakers, Records and Corres pondence, 17 August 1931-8 May 1934, nd

28. Millinery Workers Union, Local 24, Course Records and Correspondence, 25 January 1936-22 January 1938

29. Nation, Race, and Class, Course Records and Corres pondence, 11 May 1933-24 August 1933

30. Newark Forum, Records and Correspondence, 18 December 1945-1 March 1947, nd

31. Newark School of Social Science, Course Records and Correspondence, 7 October 1937-10 January 1940, nd

32. New Directions in Socialist Thought, Course Records and Correspondence, 19 June 1941-1 December 1941

33. Organization Work for Socialist Party Members, Course Records and Correspondence, 4 October 1934-23 Sep tember 1935

107 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 41 (Cont.)

34. Peace Education: Materials and Methods, Course Records and Correspondence, 26 March 1936-28 December 1938

35. Philadelphia Forum, Records and Correspondence, [Fall, 1938], 7 October 1946-24 December 1946

36. Points of Conflict in Modern Education, Course Records, February 1939-May 1939

37. A Program for America, Forum Records and Corres pondence, 23 October 1935-30 January 1936

38. Propaganda and Public Opinion, Course Records and Correspondence, 25 February 1938-16 December 1938

39. Propaganda Analysis and Public Opinion, Course Records and Correspondence, 17 June 1939-29 September 1939

40. "Prophets of Our Time" (First Series) , Correspon dence Re: Publication, 5 April 1944-25 May 1945

41. "Prophets of Our Time" (Second Series) , Lecture Records and Correspondence, 25 October 1944~13 April 1945

42. Psychological Contributions to American Life, Correspondence, 1 October 1932-22 March 1934

43. Public Speaking, Course Correspondence, 24 April 1944-5 April 1945, nd

44. Race Theories and Democracy, Course Records and Correspondence, 29 May 1939-16 October 1939

45. Rand High School, 1935-1936

Reel 42 46. Rand School in Northern New Jersey, 7 April 1947- [December 1949], nd

47. Rand School Summer Institute, 1930-1941, nd

48. "Russia and the Post-War World", Conference Records and Correspondence, 1 April 1943-19 April 1943

49. Russia Under the Czars and Soviets, Course Records and Correspondence, 1 September 1944-12 March 1945

108 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 42 (Cont.)

50. SDF-ALP Forum, Records and Correspondence, 31 December 1942-4 January 1943

51. Social and Economic Planning, Course Records and Correspondence, 10 July 1931-21 October 1931

52. Social Case Work, Course Records and Correspondence, 6 November 1937-13 September 1938

53. Social Forces in Modern Education, Course Records and Correspondence, 14 December 1937-22 June 1938

54. Social Investigator, Course Records and Corres pondence, 5 January 1938-18 January 1939

55. Social Security Symposium, Course Records and Correspondence, 1 June 1938-26 October 1938

56. Social Welfare Problems, Course Records and Corres pondence, 23 April 1938-11 January 1939

57. Supervision, Course Records and Correspondence, 22 April 1938-(January 1939]

58. Teacher Coaching Courses, Course Records and Corres pondence, 16 July 1938-24 January 1941, nd

59. Teacher Coaching Course: Children with Mental Retarded Development and Low I.Q., Course Records and Correspondence, September 1938

60. Teacher Coaching Course: Economics and Economic Geography, Course Records and Correspondence, September 1938

61. Teacher Coaching Course: English Department Super visor, Course Materials, September 1940

62. Teacher Coaching Course: English for Junior and Senior High School, Course Records and Corres pondence, 22 September 1938-10 October 1938

63. Teacher Coaching Course: Junior School Clerk, Course Materials, (1939]

64. Teacher Coaching Course: Kindergarten, Course Materials, 1940

109 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 42 (Cont.)

65. Teacher Coaching Course: Speech Improvement, Course Materials, 1938

66. Trade Union Institute, Course Announcements and Outlines, 1936-1953, nd

Reel 43 67. Trade Union Institute, Correspondence, 24 January 1936-[1945], nd

68. Trade Union 7raining Course, Newark, 2 November 1945-16 October 1946

69. Trade Union Training Course, Philadelphia, Records and Correspondence, 18 October 1944-29 October 1945

70. Wage and Hour Inspector, Course Records and Corres pondence, 26 January 1939-[1939]

71. "War Aims, Peace Terms, and the World After the War", Correspondence, 21 April 1941- [~~arch 1942] , nd

72. War and Peace Education, Course Records and Corres pondence, 27 JunP 1938-21 October 1938

73. "What New Order for Europe?", Course Records and Correspondence, 19 July 1941-27 October 1941

74. Women's Afternoon Classes, Course Announcements and Outlines, 1933-1940, nd

75. Women's Afternoon Classes, Course Outlines and Correspondence, 23 August 1941-25 January 1943

76. Women's Afternoon Forum, Correspondence, 4 June 1947- 19 November 1951

77. Workers' Training Course, Records, 1927-1936

78. Workers' Training Course, Applications for Scholar ships, 1930-1934, 1941

Reel 44 79. Young People's Socialist League Courses, 9 January 1935-26 October 1935

80. Youth Forum, Correspondence, 25 September 1945- 1 April 1947

llO Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 44 (Cont.)

81. Youth Leadership, Course Correspondence, 16 December 1937-[1938]

82. Youth School, 24 May 1944-16 October 1945, nd

Miscellaneous Records, 1917-1955, nd (Nos. 83-107)

83. Alumni Committee, 13 February 1940-14 May 1940

84. Class Attendance Records, Fall 1933-Winter 1955, nd

85. Joshua Wanhope, Attendance Report on his class entitled, "Introduction to Socialism", November 1917-January 1918

86. Attendance at Discussion Groups, 1931

87. Class Attendance Records, Trade Union Institute Courses, Spring 1944-Spring 1946

88. Attendance Cards, Re: Meeting with Jan Brommer, 15 September 1955

89. Instructor Lists and Biographical Material

90. International Council for the Study of European Problems, Minutes, 7 December 1940-1 February 1941

91. Job Application Materials, 28 December 1938-21 November 1947, nd

92. Labor Theatre, 25 April 1953-[June 1954], nd

93. Rand Playhouse, 5 April 1931-5 October 1935, nd

94. Rand School Fellowship, 1926-1936, nd

Reel 45 95. Registration Reports, 1922-1955, nd

96. Student Course Evaluations, [1938], 5 February 1951-6 April 1951

97. Trade Union Essay Contest, Records and Corres pondence, March 1937-April 1937

98. WEVD Radio Round Table, Records and Correspondence, 21 January 1937-22 May 1937

111 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 45 (Cont.)

99. Women's Committee, Correspondence, 20 January 1926- 29 October 1947, nd

100. Women's Committee: Runnnage and Thrift Sale Com mittee, Correspondence, 25 October 1935-27 January 1936

101. Women's Auxiliary, Correspondence, 26 December 1950- (1951], nd

102. Women's Auxiliary, Minutes, 5 December 1950-21 March 1951

103. Workers' Education, 4 December 1940-26 February 1944, nd

104. Workers' Theatre Council, 1931-1935, nd

105. Workmen's Circle, 4 May 1935-1 February 1951, nd

106. Young People's Socialist League and Socialist Party's Committee on Youth Affairs, March 1931- January 1936, nd

107. Youth Committee, Correspondence and Minutes, 11 April 1946-[May 1946]

Transcripts of Lectures and Debates, [1920]-1945, nd (Nos. 108-143)

108. "Shall the Policy of the United States Toward Russia Be Changed", a debate between Sen. Joseph I. France of Maryland and Sen. William H. King of Utah, 27 March [1920]. 60pp.

109. "The European Chaos", address by Bertrand Russell, 5 April 1924. 36pp.

110. "Mechanism and Life", address by Bertrand Russell, 3 May 1924. 32pp.

111. "Machinery and Rationalization of Industry", lecture for the course on "American Civilization Today" by Stuart Chase, 20 October 1930. 29pp.

112. "Problems of World Socialism", a series of five lectures by Morris Hillquit, 12 November 1930- 17 December 1930. 163pp. (The first lecture has two copies)

112 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 45 (Cont.)

113. "The Business Cycle", lecture by Wesley C. Mitchell, 1 December 1930. 30pp.

114. "International Relations", lecture for the course in "American Civilization Today" by Professor James T. Shotwell, 15 December 1930. 30pp.

115. "Changing Concepts of Law", address by Morris R. Cohen, 23 February 1931. 47pp.

116. "Industrial Society and the School System", lecture by George s. Counts, 12 January 1931. 34pp.

117. "Industrial Development and Political Philosophy", address by Morris Hillquit, 2 March 1931. 34pp.

118. "The Metropolis in the Machine Age", lecture by Lewis Mumford, 5 January 1931. 32pp.

119. "Social Reality and Imaginative Literature", lecture by Carl Van Doren, 19 January 1931. 48pp.

120. "Ethical Ideals in an Industrial Age", lecture by Harry F. Ward, 16 February 1931. 34pp.

121. "The Problem of Experience", the first lecture in a series of three lectures entitled, "Problems of Contemporary Philosophy", by John Dewey, 8 March 1933. 24pp.

122. "Industrial Unionism vs. Craft Unionism", lecture by John P. Frey, 24 April 1936. 48pp.

123. "Should the United States Keep Out of Anti-Fascist War?", a debate between Dr. Harry Elmer Barnes and Algernon Lee, 24 March 1939. llpp.

124. "Should President Roosevelt Seek A Third Term?", a debate between Roy Victor Peel and Raymond Moley, 22 February 1939. lOpp.

125. "America's Policy in a Warring World", a debate between Norman Thomas and Rep. Emanuel Celler of New York, 11 April 1939. 14pp.

126. "Marx and Engels - The Heritage and the Challenge", the first lecture in a series entitled, "Prophets of our Time", by Sidney Hook, 3 February 1944. 24pp.

113 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 45 (Cont.)

127. "Bakunin", a lecture in a series entitled, "Prophets of Our Time", by Dr. Rudolph Rocker, 10 February 1944. 39pp. (2 copies)

128. "Gandhi: Uncertain Star of the East", the sixth lecture in a series entitled, "Prophets of Our Time", by Bertrand Russell, 9 March 1944. 29pp.

129. "Trotsky and Stalin", a lecture in a series entitled, "Prophets of Our Time", by Bertram D. Wolfe, 23 March 1944. 44pp.

130. "Lecture on Theory of the Leisure Class (Veblen)", a lecture in a series entitled, "Books That Have Made History", by Jacob Axelrad, 6 December 1945. 25pp.

131. "Lecture on Aeropagi tica (Mil ton) , A Poet's Plea for Freedom of the Press", a lecture in a series entitled, "Books That Have Made History", by William H. Chamberlin, 18 October 1945. 26pp.

132. "Lecture on Thus Spake Zarathustra (Nietzsche)", a lecture in a series entitled, "Books That Have Made History", by Francis Hackett, 29 November 1945. 23pp.

133. "Lecture on Democracy and Education (Dewey)", a lecture in a series entitled, "Books That Have Made History", by Sidney Hook, 13 December 1945. 28pp.

134. "Lectur on Psychoanalysis (Freud), New Frontiers of Science", a lecture in a series entitled, "Books That Have Made History", by Dr. Bela Mittleman, 15 November 1945. 22pp.

135. "Lecture on Origin of Species (Darwin), Fundamental Revolution in Thought", a lecture in a series entitled, "Books That Have Made History", by John H. Randall, Jr., 1 November 1945. 26pp.

136. "Lecture on The Social Contract (Rousseau), Battle Cry of Political Dem:::>cracy", a lecture in a series entitled, "Books That Have Made History", by J. Salwyn Schapiro, 25 October 1945. 27pp.

114 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 45 (Cont.)

137. "Lecture on City of God (St. Augustine) , A Vindi cation of Christianity", a lecture in a series entitled, "Books That Have Made History", by Dr. George N. Shuster, 11 October 1945. 25pp.

138. "World Peace--America's Role", a Round-Table Dis cussion with William Henry Chamberlin, Kenneth G. Crawford, and Sidney Hook, 3 October 1945. 4lpp.

139. "Palestine--And The Future of the Jews", a Round Table Discussion with Rabbi Elmer Berger, Eliahu Epstein, Moshe Furmansky, G. Kheirallah, I. N. Steinberg, and Bertram D. Wolfe, 10 October 1945. 5lpp.

140. "Russia's Hegemony--In Eastern Europe and the Balkans", a Round-Table Discussion with David J. Dallin, Leon Dennen, Henry Pratt Fairchild, and Michael Karpovich, 24 October 1945. 55pp.

141. "Asia--Football of Power Poli tics", a Round-Table Discussion with Dr. Takaranath Das, Harry Paxton Howard, and David J. Dallin, 31 October 1945. 32pp.

142. "Sixty Million Jobs--A Factor in World Peace", a Round-Table Discussion with A. Philip Randolph, Dr. William Withers, Prof. Irving Fisher, and William Irvine, 14 November 1945. 59pp.

143. "Has Propaganda Any Value in Education?", a debate between Scott Nearing and Alexis Ferm, nd. 13pp.

Manuscripts, 1933-(1950], nd (Nos. 144-168)

144. Braunthal, Alfred, "America Is Not Europe", nd. 6pp.

145. Coldwell, Joseph M., "Clarence Darrow and Eugene v. Debs", nd. 8pp.

146. Coldwell, M. J., "Labour, Socialism, and Liberalism: An Analysis and a Forecast for Europe and America", 6 December 1944. llpp.

147. Cole, Mrs. G. D. H., "Planning for Socialism in Britain", 13 October 1949. 14pp.

ll5 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 45 (Cont.)

148. Dan, Th., "Die Geschicke Des Bolschewismus", nd. llpp.

149. , "New Road to a New World", 26 February 1943. 8pp.

150. Farrell, James T., "Socialism and Workers Edu cation", 31 March [1950]. 16pp.

151. "Fascist and Semi-Fascist Groups in New England", [193-]. 18pp.

152. Fried, Hans E., "The Role of Democracy in Labor Relations: Experiences in Austria, 1918-1939", 1939. 410pp.

153. Gross, Feliks, "An Empirical Approach to Social Change (Problems of Democratic Socialism and Cormnunism) ", nd. 24pp.

154. ___ , "Social Empiricism", [1950]. 48pp.

155. Hart, Joseph, "Our Public Education and its Social Background", nd. 9pp.

156. Hu Shih, "Sun Yat-sen", 2 March 1944. 14pp.

157. Kobbe, Herman, "Solving the Housing Problem With Special Application to New York State", [193-]. 21pp.

158. Malinowski, w. R.' "Socialist Proposals for World Peace", 29 March 1944. 3pp.

159. Mayer, Henry, "The Road to Reaction", 28 February 1946. 13pp.

160. Morrison, Herbert, [A speech], 1 May 1936. lOpp.

161. [A speech], [1936]. 18pp.

162. Nomad, Max, "The Knights of Labor, the I. W.W. , and the Anarchists", nd. 18pp.

163. Press, I. Puhge, "The History and Activities of the Rand School of Social Science", 16 May 1934. 24pp.

116 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 45 (Cont.)

164. [Manuscript on the history of the Rochdale Pioneer Cooperative Society] , nd. 41pp.

165. Starr, Mark, "Shaw and the Fabians", 24 February 1944. 13pp.

Reel 46 166. Student Papers, January 1941, nd

Nucatola, John P., "Democracy-Freedom, Contributions of France, England, and the Americas Towards Freedom in the 17th and 18th Century", nd. 21pp.

Rosen, Emanuel, "The Evolution of the Concerto", January 1941. lOpp.

"Wendell Phillips--Abolitionist", nd. 12pp.

167. Willis, H. Parker, "The Currency and Financial Policies of the National Administration", 5 October 1933. 13pp.

168. ["Young Circle League" J, nd. l 7pp.

D. Financial Records, 1912-1955, nd

1. Correspondence, 27 January 1943-9 September 1955

2. Audits and Treasurer Reports, 1912-1955, nd

3. Bequests and Wills, 1943-1954

4. Concert Benefits, 1932-1955

5. Contributors to Sustaining Fund, 1926-1931

6. One Third cf a Century Fund, 22 August 1939-13 May 1940

E. Rand School Bookstore Records, 1922-1956, nd

1. Reports and Plans of the Bookstore, 29 February 1944-[1952], nd

2. Financial Recoras, 1 November 1922-3U September 1951, nd

3. Job Applications, 29 September 1942-6 October 1942, nd

117 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 46 (Cont.)

4. Printed Catalogues of Books, nd

5. Advertising Flyers and Brochures, 1922-1946, nd

Reel 47 6. Correspondence, 21 May 1938-30 June 1946

Reel 48 6. Correspondence, 1 July 1946-18 January 1956, nd

Reel 49 F. Publications, 1906-1955

1. Correspondence and Reports, 1912-(1955], nd

1. Labor Research Department, 31 December 1912- (1933], nd

2. American Labor Archive and Research Institute, [1941]-16 February 1951

3. Institute of Social Studies, 3 January 1950- (1955], nd

2. Pamphlets and Books, 1914-1954

1. Adler, Friedrich. Democracy and Revolution. New York: Rand School Press, 1934. 23pp.

2. Ashe, David I. and Rifkin, George. The Taft Hartley Law. How It Affects Unions and Workers. New York: Rand School Press, 1947. 32pp.

3. Barres, Maurice. Les Diverse Familles. Spirituelles De La France: Les Isra~lites. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1943. 25pp.

4. Berenberg, David P. America at the Crossroads. New York: Rand School Press, 1934. 95pp .

5. Socialism. New York: Rand School• of Social Science, 1918. 43pp.

6. . Socialist Fundamentals. Second Edition. New York: Rand School Press, 1935. 118pp.

7. We The People. New York: Rand School Press, 1934. 14pp.

118 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 49 (Cont.)

8. A Worker's World. New York: Rand School Press, 1931. 16pp.

9. The Case of the Rand School. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 26 July 1919. 17pp.

10. The City for the Workers. New York: Rand School of Social Science, Fall 1917. 30pp.

11. Claessens, August. The Democratic Way of Life. New York: Rand School Press, 1940. 30pp.

12. Essentials of Socialism. A Brief Exposition of the Principal Elements of Modern Socialism. New York: Rand School Press, 1932. 16pp.

13. . Eugene Victor Debs. A Tribute. New York: Rand School Press, 1946. 19pp.

14. The Logic of Socialism. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1921. Slpp.

15. Race Prejudice. A Description of the Various Factors in Racial Animosities, Dis criminations, and Conflicts, and the Con ditions Under Which These Antagonisms Are Increased or Eliminated. New York: Rand School Press, 1943. 48pp.

16. Social Attitudes Towards War and Peace. New York: Rand School Press, 1934. 15pp.

17. A Manual for Socialist Speakers. A Brief Text Book on the Technique of Public Speaking and Socialist Propaganda Meetings. New York: Rand School Press, 1933. 32pp.

18. A Manual for Trade Union Speakers. A Brief Text Book on Public Speaking. New York: International Ladies' Garment Workers Union, Educational Department, 1936. 28pp.

19. A Manual for Trade Union Speakers. A Brief Text Book on Public Speaking. Revised Edition. New York: Rand School Press, 1948. 28pp.

119 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 49 (Cont.)

20. Understanding the Worker. Problems of Labor Organizations Analyzed in the Light of Social Psychology. Backgrounds in Trade Union History. New York: Rand School Press, 1954. 60pp.

21. What Organized Labor Wants. A Popular Description of Trade Union Philosophy, Economics and Ideals. New York: Rand School Press, 1937. 19pp.

22. What Organized Labor Wants. A Popular Description of Trade Union Philosophy, Economics, and Ideals. Revised Edition. New York: Rand School Press, 1950. 22pp.

23. and Feigenbaum, William Morris. The Socialists in the New York Assembly. The Work of Ten Socialist Members During the Legislative Session of 1918. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1918. 96pp.

24. and Jarvis, Rebecca E. ABC of Parlia- mentary Law. A Brief Handbook on Rules of Order for Meetings Adapted to the Needs of Labor Groups. New York: Rand School Press, 1936. 32pp.

25. Clark, Evans. Facts and Fabrications about Soviet Russia. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1920. 93pp.

26. and Solomon, Charles. The Socialists in the New York Board of Aldermen. A Record of Six Months' Activity. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1918. 48pp.

27. De Leon, Solon, ed. The American Labor Who's Who. New York: Hanford Press, 1925. 374pp.

28. De Witt, S.A. Rhapsodies in Red. Songs for the Social Revolution. New York: Rand School Press, 1933. 48pp.

29. Eastman, Max. A Letter to Americans. New York: Rand School Press, [1941]. 13pp.

120 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 49 (Cont.)

30. Farrell, James T. Truth and Myth About America. A Statement Against Dictatorship Of or Over the Proletariat, and Offering a Democratic Change for Social Progress. New York: Rand School Press, October 1949. 14pp.

31. Feigenbaum, William M. "Let Us Review The Scene." New York, 1951. 99pp.

32. Fine, Nathan. The Collapse of the Seabury Inves tigation. New York: Rand School Press, 1932. 3lpp.

33. Friedman, Samuel H., comp. ed. Rebel Song Book. Eighty-seven Socialist and Labor Songs for Voice and Piano. New York: Rand School Press, 1935. 92pp.

34. Hillquit, Morris. Present-Day Socialism. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1920. 84pp.

35. Socialism Summed Up. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1914. 108pp.

36. Laidler, Harry W. Public Ownership Throughout the World. A Survey of the Extent of Govern ment Control and Operation. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1918. 48pp.

37. Lenin, Nikolai. The Soviets at Work. The International Position of the Russian Soviet Republic and the Fundamental Problems of the Socialist Revolution. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1918. 48pp.

38. Letter of an Old Bolshevik. The Key to the Moscow Trials. New York: Rand School Press, 1937. 62pp.

39. Lilienthal, Meta Stern. From Fireside to Factory. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1916. 66pp.

40. Women of the Future. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1916. 3lpp.

41. Lipschitz, Dr. Siegfried. Swastika Over Germany. New York: Rand School Press, 1933. 48pp.

121 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 50 42. Lomonossoff, George v. Memoirs of the Russian Revolution. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1919. 87pp.

43. Marx, Karl and Engels, Friedrich. Manifesto of the Communist Party. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1919. 56pp.

44. Miles. Socialism's New Beginning. A Manifesto from Underground Germany. New York: Rand School Press, 1934. 148pp.

45. Morrison, Herbert. An Easy Outline of Modern Socialism. New York: Rand School Press, [April 1936]. 29pp.

46. An Easy Outline of Modern Socialism. Second Edition. New York: Rand School Press, 1940. 30pp.

47. A Labor Party Versus Fascism. Exposing the Bankruptcy of Fascism. New York: Rand School Press, 1936. 16pp.

48. Must We Arm? A Debate on the Question: Re solved, That the Security of the Nation Re quires an Increase of the Military Force of the United States. For the Affirmative, Augustus P. Gardner, M.C. For the Negative, Morris Hillquit. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1915. 44pp.

49. Naft, Stephen. 100 Questions to the Connnunists. New York: Rand School Press, 1939. 25pp.

50. Nearing, Scott. The American Empire. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1921. 266pp.

51. ~~-- The Coal Question. Some Reasons Why It Is Pressing and Some Suggestions for Solving It. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1918. 47pp.

52. The Debs Decision. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1919. 47pp.

53. Europe and the Next War. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1920. 32pp.

122 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 50 (Cont.) 54. Europe in Revolution. Second Edition. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1920. 30pp.

55. The Great Madness. A Victory for the American Plutocracy. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1917. 44pp.

56. Labor and the League of Nations. With the Full Text of the Revised Covenant of the League of Nations. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1919. 47pp.

57. The Menace of Militarism. An Analysis, A Criticism, A Protest and a Demand. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1917. 52pp.

58. The One Big Union of Business. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1920. 32pp.

59. Work and Pay. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1917. 5lpp.

60. Oneal, James. The American Labor Party. An Inter9retation. New York: Rand School Press, [1936] . 14pp.

61. The Austrian Civil War. New York: Rand School Press, [1934). 3lpp.

62. Socialism versus Bolshevism. New York: Rand School Press, 1935. 27pp.

63. The Workers in American History. Fourth Edition. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1921. 208pp.

64. Panken, Jacob. Socialism for America. New York: Rand School Press, [1933]. 16pp.

65. Renan, Ernest. Identite Originelle et Separation Graduelle du Judalsme et du Christianisme. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1943. 26pp.

66. Le Judaisme Comme Race et Corrune Religion. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1943. 29pp.

123 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 50 (Cont.)

67. The Salaried Man. The Story, in Two Episodes, of an Every-Day Person. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1920. 24pp.

68. Schaffer, Louis. Stalin's Fifth Column on Broadway. New York: Rand School Press, 1940. 3lpp.

69. Schapiro, Theodore. The Challenge of Workers' Education. New York: Rand School of Social Science, [1951]. 9pp.

70. Scott Nearing's Address to the Jury. New York: Rand School of Social Science, [1919]. 30pp.

71. Should Socialism Prevail? A Debate. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1916. 47pp.

72. Should the American Workers Form a Political Party of Their Own? A Debate. New York: Rand School Press, 1932. 3lpp.

73. Shub, David and Alexander, Robert J. What Do You Know About British Labor? New York: Rand School Press, 1946. 6lpp.

74. Shulman, Frederick. An Appeal to Reason. New York: Rand School Press, 1941. 30pp.

75. Sinclair, Upton and Lyons, Eugene. Terror in Russia? Two Views. New York: Rand School Press, 1938. 63pp.

76. Solomon, Charles. The Albany "Trial". New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1920. 7lpp.

77. Trachtenberg, Alexander, ed. The American Socialists and the War. A Documentary His tory of the Attitude of the Socialist Party Toward War and Militarism Since the Outbreak of the Great War. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1917. 48pp.

78. Trade Unions in Soviet Russia. A Collection of Russian Trade Union Documents Compiled by the I.L.P. Information Committee and the Inter national Section of the Labour Research Depart ment. New York: Rand School of Social Science, November 1920. 9lpp.

124 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 50 (Cont.)

79. The Trial of Scott Nearing and the American Socialist Society. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1919. 247pp.

80. Turner, John Kenneth. Hands Off Mexico. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1920. 74pp.

81. Tyler, August. The United Front. New York: Rand School Press, 1933. 19pp.

82. Waldman, Louis. Food and the People. The Problem of the High Cost of Living in the New York Legislature. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1918. 45pp.

83. War Aims, Peace Terms, and the World After the War. A Joint Declaration by Democratic Socialists of Several Nationalities. New York: Rand School Press, July 1941. 16pp.

84. Williams, Albert Rhys. The Bolsheviks and the Soviets. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1919. 48pp.

Reel 51 3. The American Labor Year Book, 1916-1932

1. Rand School of Social Science. Department of Labor Research. The American Labor Year Book 1916. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1916. 382pp.

2. The American Labor Year Book 1917-1918, ed. by Alexander Trachtenberg. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1918. 384pp.

3. The American Labor Year Book 1919-1920, ed. by Alexander Trachtenberg. Volume III. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1920. 447pp.

4. The American Labor Year Book 1921-1922, ed. by Alexander Trachtenberg and Benjamin Glassberg. Volume IV. New York: Rand School of Social Science, [1922]. 454pp.

125 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 51 (Cont.)

5. The American Labor Year Book 1923- 1924. Volume V. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1924. 548pp.

6. The American Lalx:>r Year Book 1925. Volume VI. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1925. 488pp.

Reel 52 7. The American Labor Year Book 1926. Volume VII. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1926. 57lpp.

8. The American Labor Year Book 1927. Volume VIII. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1927. 252pp.

9. The American Labor Year Book 1928. Political Issues Facing American Labor. Volume IX. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1928. 265pp.

10. The American Labor Year Book 1929. Volume X. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1929. 302pp.

11. The American Labor Year Book 1930. Volume XI. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1930. 283pp.

12. The American Labor Year Book 1931. Volume XII. New York: Rand School Press, 1931. 337pp.

13. The American Labor Year Book 1932. Volume XIII. New York: Rand School Press, 1932. 299pp.

Reel 53 4. Index to Lahar Articles, 1926-1953

Vol. I, no 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, Dec 1926; Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec 1927 Vol. II, no. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Jan, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec 1928 (lacks no 2, Feb 1928) Vol. III, no 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Jun, Jul-Aug, Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec 1929 (lacks no 5, May 1929)

126 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 53 (Cont.)

Vol. IV, no 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun-Sept, Oct, Nov-Dec 1930 Vol. V, no 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May-Jun, Jul-Aug, Sept, Oct, Dec 1931 (lacks no 9, Nov 1931) Vol. VI, no 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8-9, 10 Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May-Jun, Jul-Aug, Sept, Oct-Nov, Dec 1932-Jan 1933 Vol. VII, no 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun-Jul, Aug-Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec 1933; Jan 1934 Vol. VIII, no 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun-Jul, Aug-Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec 1934 Vol. IX, no 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun-Jul, Aug-Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec 1935 Vol. X, no 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun-Jul, Aug-Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec 1936 Vol. XI, no 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, [11], Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May-Jun, Jul-Aug, Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec 1937 (no 6 was not used) Vol. XII, no 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May-Jun, Jul-Aug, Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec 1938 (no 9 and 10 were not used) Vol. XIII, no 1, 2, 3, 4, 5-6, 7-8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May-Jun, Jul-Aug, Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec 1939 Vol. XIV, no [l], [2], 3, 4, 5-6, 7-8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May-Jun, Jul-Aug, Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec 1940 Vol. XV, no 1, 2, 3, 4, 5-6, 7-8, 9, 10, 11, 12, Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May-Jun, Jul-Aug, Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec 1941 Vol. XVI, no 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12, Jan-Feb, Mar-Apr, May-Jun, Jul-Aug, Sept-Oct, Nov-Dec 1942 Vol. XVII, no 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12, Jan-Feb, Mar-Apr, May-Jun, Jul-Aug, Sept-Oct, Nov-Dec 1943 Vol. XVIII, no 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12, Jan-Feb, Mar-Apr, May-Jun, Jul-Aug, Sept-Oct, Nov-Dec 1944 Vol. XIX, no 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12, Jan Feb, Mar-Apr, May-Jun, Jul-Aug, Sept-Oct, Nov Dec 1945

127 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 53 (Cont.)

Vol. XX, no 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12, Jan Feb, Mar-Apr, May-Jun, Jul-Aug, Sept-Oct, Nov Dec 1946 Vol. XXI, no 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12, Jan Feb, Mar-Apr, May-Jun, Jul-Aug, Sept-Oct, Nov Dec 1947 Vol. XXII, no 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12, Jan Feb, Mar-Apr, May-Jun, Jul-Aug, Sept-Oct, Nov Dec 1948 Vol. XXIII, no 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12, Jan Feb, Mar-Apr, May-Jun, Jul-Aug, Sept-Oct, Nov Dec 1949 Vol. XXIV, no 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12, Jan Feb, Mar-Apr, May-Jun, Jul-Aug, Sept-Oct, Nov Dec 1950 Vol. XXV, no 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12, Jan Feb, Mar-Apr, May-Jun, Jul-Aug, Sept-Oct, Nov Dec 1951 Vol. XXVI, no 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12, Jan Feb, Mar-Apr, May-Jun, Jul-Aug, Sept-Oct, Nov Dec 1952 Vol. XXVII, no 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, 11-12, Jan Feb, Mar-Apr, May-Jun, Jul-Aug, Sept-Oct 1953

5. Serials, 1918-1955

1. Bulletin (New York, Institute of Social Studies, Rand School of Social Science)

Vol. I, no 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, Feb, May, Oct 1951; Jan, Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter 1952 Vol. II, no 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter 1953; Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter 1954 Vol. III, no 1, 2, 3, Spring, Summer, Fall 1955

2. The Bulletin (New York, Women's Committee of the Rand School of Social Science)

Vol. I, no 2, 3, 4, Jan, Feb, Mar 1934

3. The Labor Student (New York, Rand School of Social Science)

Vol. I, no 1, 2, 3-4, 4, 5, 6, 7, Jan, Feb, Mar-Apr, Aug 1925; Jun-Jul, Dec 1926; Jun 1927

128 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 53 (Cont.)

4. The Rand Rambler (New York, Rand School Fellowship)

Vol. I, no 1, Nov 1929

5. Rand School Advance (New York, Rand School of Social Science)

Vol. I, no [l), 2, 3, 5, 6, 6, Oct, Nov, Dec 1937; Feb, Mar, Apr, 1938 (lacks no 4, Jan 1938)

6. Rand School IeUO'/JJship BuUetin (New York, Rand School Fellowship)

Vol. I, no 1, Mar 14, 1925

Reel 54 7. Rand School News (New York, Rand School of Social Science)

Vol. I, no 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, [Feb] , Mar, May, Jun, Nov, Dec 1918 Vol. II, no 2, 3, 4, Feb, Apr, Jun 1919 Vol. III, no 1, 2, Sept 1919; Jan 1920 Vol. I, no 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec 1920; Jan, Feb, Mar 1921 Vol. II, no 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, Sept, Oct-Nov, Dec 1921; Jan-Feb, Mar, Oct 1, Nov 1, Dec, Dec 1922 Vol. III, no 1, 2, 3, 4, Jun, Sept, Oct, Dec 1923 Vol. IV, no 1, 2, 3, Aug, Sept, Oct-Nov 1924 No. 1, Nov 1934 Vol. V, no 1, 1, 2, 3, Sept, Oct, Nov, Dec 1939

8. Russian Affairs (New York, Institute for Russian Studies, Rand School of Social Science)

Vol. I, no 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, Oct, Nov, Dec 1944; Jan, Mar, Apr, May, Jul, Oct 1945

129 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 54 (Cont.)

9. The Student Worker (New York, Fellowship of the Rand School of Social Science)

Vol. I, no 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, Jan 6, Jan 18, Jan 27' Feb 1, Feb 8, Feb 15, Feb 24, Mar 2, Mar 9, Mar 16, Mar 23, Mar 30, Apr 6, Apr 13, 1932 Vol. II, no 1, Sept 23, 1932 Vol. III, no 1, Sept 26, 1932 Vol. II, no 5, 6, Oct 10, Oct 17, 1932 Vol. I, no 2, 3, 4, 5, Feb 1, Feb 8, Feb 21, Feb 28, Mar 14, 1933

6. Course Bulletins and Announcements, 1906-1955

1. Rand School of Social Science. Prospectus. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 15 July 1906. 4pp.

2. First Year. Bulletin for First Term, October 1 to December 23, 1906. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 15 September 1906. 8pp.

3. Second Year. Bulletin for First Term, September 30 to December 22, 1907. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1 September 1907. 12pp.

4. Third Year. Bulletin for First Term, September 28 to December 20, 1908. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1 September 1908. 12pp.

5. Third Year. Bulletin for Second Term, January 10 to April 30, 1909. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1 January 1909. 8pp.

6. Fourth Year. Bulletin for Second Term, January 7 to April 28, 1910. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 24 December 1909. 8pp.

7. Fifth Year. Bulletin for Second Term, January 3 to April 2, 1911. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 27 December 1910. 4pp.

130 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 54 (Cont.)

8. Sixth Year. Bulletin for First Term, October 10, 1911, to January 19, 1912. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 2 October 1911. 4pp.

9. Announcement of Courses for 1911-'12. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1911. 8pp.

10. Sixth Year. Supplementary Bulletin, December 5, 1911 to June 7, 1912. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 29 November 1911. 4pp.

11. Announcement of Courses for 1912-'13. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1912. 4pp.

12. Seventh Year: 1912-'13. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1912. 4pp.

13. Full-Time Course for 1913-'14. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 12 April 1913. 4pp.

14. Courses of Study, 1913-1914. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 10 August 1913. 15pp.

15. [Bulletin for 1915-1916]. New York: Rand School of Social Science, (1915]. 16pp.

16. Bulletin for 1916-17. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1916. llpp.

17. Bulletin for 1917-18. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1917. 16pp.

18. Summer Season of The Rand School of Social Science. New York: Rand School of Science, 1918. 4pp.

19. Bulletin for 1918-19. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1918. 16pp.

20. Announcement of the Correspondence Department. New York: Rand School of Social Science, (1919]. 8pp.

131 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 54 (Cont.)

21. Summer Season of The Rand School of Social Science, July 7th-August 16, 1919. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1919. 6pp.

22. Summer Season of The Rand School of Social Science, July 7th-August 16th, 1919. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1919. 2pp.

23. The Workers' Training Course. New York: Rand School of Social Science, [191-]. 4pp.

24. Bulletin for 1919-1920. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1919. 24pp.

25. Third Summer Season of Rand School of Social Science. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1920. 2pp.

26. Bulletin for 1920-1921. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1920. 3lpp.

27. Announcement of the Correspondence Department. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1920. Bpp.

28. Physical Education Department. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1921. 4pp.

29. Bulletin for 1922-'23. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1922. 32pp.

30. The Full-Time Training Course. New York: Rand School of Social Science, [1923]. 4pp.

31. Summer Session: 1923. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1923. 4pp.

32. Physical Education Department, 1923- 1924. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1923. 4pp.

33. Physical Education Department, 1924-1925. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1924. 4pp.

132 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 54 (Cont.)

34. Courses New Beginning. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1925. 6pp.

35. Physical Education Department. Announcement for 1925-26. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1925. 4pp.

36. Preliminary Announcement of Courses for Trade Unionists. New York: Rand School of Social Science, May 1926. 4pp.

37. Schedule of Courses: 1927-'28. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1927. 16pp.

38. New Courses at the Rand School. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1927. 6pp.

39. New courses at the Rand School. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1927. 6pp.

40. New Courses at the Rand School. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1927. 6pp

41. Schedule for Second Term: 1927-'28. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1928. 16pp.

42. Preliminary Announcement for 1928-'29. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1928. 15pp.

43. Announcement for 1928-'29. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1928. 16pp.

44. Mid-Winter Bulletin, January, 1929. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1929. 16pp.

45. Twenty-Fourth Season, 1929 and 1930. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1929. 24pp.

46. Twenty-Fourth Season, Winter and Spring 1930. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1930. 23pp.

133 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 54 (Cont.)

47. 25th Year, 1906-1931. Evening Courses and Lectures. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1931. 40pp.

48. 25th Year, 1906-1931. Evening Courses and Lectures. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1931. 3pp.

49. Winter Courses 1931. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1931. 6pp.

50. Preliminary Announcement, 1931-32. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1931. 3pp.

51. Evening Courses and Lectures, 1931- 1932. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1931. 39pp.

52. Winter Courses and Lectures, 1932. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1932. 6pp.

53. 1932-1933. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1932. 29pp.

54. Correspondence Course. Introduction to Scientific Socialism. New York: Rand School of Social Science, [1932]. 3pp.

55. Among the Courses and Lectures, November 14 to December 23, 1932. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1932. 2pp.

56. Courses and Lectures, January 9 to April 7, 1933. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1933. 5pp.

57. Evening Classes and Lectures, 1933- 1934. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1933. 32pp.

58. Correspondence Courses. I. Introduction to Socialism. II. Elements of Economics. 1933-'34. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1933. 2pp.

134 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 54 (Cont.)

59. Midwinter Bulletin, January-May 1934. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1934. 24pp.

60. Evening Classes and Lectures, 1934- 1935. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1934. 23pp.

61. Correspondence Courses. I. Intro- duction to Socialism. II. Trade Unionism in Theory and Practice. 1934-5. New York: Ran~ School of Social Science, 1934. 2pp.

62. Mid-Winter Bulletin, January, 1935. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1935. 16pp.

63. Spring Term, 1935. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1935. 3pp.

64. 30 Years, 1906-1936. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1935. 23pp.

65. The Rand School Expects You. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1935. 4pp.

66. Rand High School, 1935-1936. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1935. 2pp.

67. Mid-Winter Bulletin, January, 1936. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1936. 14pp.

68. Fall Term, 1936-1937. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1936. 30pp.

69. Fall Term, 1936-1937. A Program of Lectures Designed to Promote Intelligence with Regard to the Present Problems of America and of the World. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1936. 16pp.

70. An Educational Program for Winter and Spring, 1937. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1937. 22pp.

~35 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 54 (Cont.)

71. Fall Term, 1937-1938. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1937. 30pp.

72. Announcing the Opening of The Newark School of Social Science. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1937. 4pp.

73. Winter Term, 1938. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1938. 22pp.

74. Winter Term, 1938. Lectures and Classes for Trade Unionists and American Labor Party Members. New York: Trade Union Institute of the Rand School, 1938. 2pp.

75. Alertness Courses. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1938. 6pp.

76. Fall Term, 1938. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1938. 3lpp.

77. Political Training Course. Classes and Lectures for Members of the American Labor Party. Fall Term 1938. New York: Trade Union Institute of the Rand School, 1938. 2pp.

78. Trade Union Training Course. Fall Term 1938. New York: Trade Union Institute of the Rand School, 1938. 2pp.

79. . The School Calendar. Second Term 1938-9. ~~- Newark: Newark School of Social Science, 1939. 4pp.

80. Winter Term, 1939. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1939. 3lpp.

81. Alertness Courses. Spring Term, 1939. New York: Rand Educational Institute, 1939. 7pp.

82. Courses for Group Leaders. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1939. 2pp.

136 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 54 (Cont.)

83. Political Training Course. Classes and Lectures for Members of the American Labor Party. New York: Trade Union Institute of the Rand School, 1939. 2pp.

84. Courses for Social Workers, Spring Term 1939. New York: Rand Educational Insti tute, 1939. 2pp.

85. Training Courses for Trade Unionists. Winter Term 1939. New York: Trade Union Institute of the Rand School, 1939. 2pp.

86. Fall 1939. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1939. 3lpp.

87. Alertness Courses. Fall 1939. New York: Rand Educational Institute, 1939. 7pp.

88. Training Courses for Trade Unionists. Fall 1939. New York: Trade Union Institute of the Rand School, 1939. 2pp.

89. Announcement of Courses. Winter Term, January 15 to April 18, 1940. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1940. 3pp.

90. Alertness Courses. Spring Term, Starting Feb. 5, 1940. New York: Rand Educational Institute, 1940. lp.

91. Training Courses for Leaders of Youth Groups. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1940. 2pp.

92. A Training Program for Social Case Workers in Public Assistance. Winter Quarter Starting Jan. 2, 1940. New York: Rand Educational Institute, Social Work Division, 1940. 2pp.

93. Bulletin of Classes for the Term of 1940. Newark: Newark School of Social Science, 1940. 3pp.

94. Announcement of Courses. Fall Term, September 16 to December 19, 1940. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1940. 3pp.

137 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 54 (Cont.)

95. Alertness Courses. Fall Term 1940. New York: Rand Educational Institute, 1940. lp.

96. A Training Program for Social Case Workers in Public Assistance. New York: Rand Educational Institute, Social Work Division, 1940. 2pp.

97. Youth Education Institute. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1940. 2pp.

98. The School Calendar. First Term 1940- 1941. Newark: Newark School of Social Science, 1940. 3pp.

99. Announcereent of Courses. Spring Term, January 13 to April 17, 1941. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1941. 4pp.

100. Alertness Courses. Spring Term 1941. New York: Rand Educational Institute, 1941. lp.

101. Bulletin. Fall Term 1941. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1941. 3lpp.

102. C.P.A. Examinations. Review Courses. General Bulletin. New York: Rand Educa tional Institute, 1941. 3pp.

103. Program of the First Term. Newark: Newark School of Social Science, 1941. 4pp.

104. Bulletin. Winter Term 1942. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1942. lOpp.

105. Bulletin. Fall Term 1942. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1942. 2pp.

106. What Every Intelligent Worker Should Know! New York: Trade Union Institute of the Rand School, 1942. 4pp.

107. Bulletin. Fall Term 1943. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1943. 2pp.

138 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 54 (Cont.)

108. Prospectus. Winter Term 1944. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1944. 5pp.

109. Trade Union Training Courses. Pro- spectus ... Winter Term 1944. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1944. 4pp.

110. Trade Union Training Courses. Bulletin. Winter Term, January 1944. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1944. 5pp.

111. Bulletin G. Spring Term: 1944. New York: Youth School for Social Studies of the Rand School, 1944. 6pp.

112. General Bulletin. Fall Term 1944. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1944. 6pp.

113. Institute for Russian Studies. Fall Term 1944. New York: Raud School of Social Science, 1944. 3pp.

114. General Bulletin. Spring Term 1945. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1945. 19pp.

115. Trade Union Training Courses and Labor Seminar. Bulletin. Fall-Spring, 1944-45. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1945. lOpp.

116. General Bulletin. Fall Term 1945. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1945. 23pp.

117. The Trade Union Training Courses. Bulletin. Fall Term 1945. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1945. 15pp.

118. General Bulletin. Spring Term 1946. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1946. 23pp.

119. Bulletin. Fall 1946. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1946. 3lpp.

139 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 54 (Cont.)

120. Bulletin. Spring Term 1947. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1947. 24pp.

121. Trade Union Training Courses. Bulletin. Spring Term 1947. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1947. 7pp.

122. Bulletin. Fall Term 1947. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1947. 24pp.

123. Trade Union Training Courses. Bulletin. Fall Term 1947. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1947. 9pp.

124. Rand School of Northern New Jersey. Schedule of Courses. Fall Term 1947. Newark: Rand School of Northern New Jersey, 1947. 3pp.

125. General Bulletin. Spring Term 1948. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1948. 3lpp.

126. The Trade Union Training Courses. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1948. llpp.

127. Rand School of Northern New Jersey and the Newark Forum. Schedule of Courses. Spring Term. Newark: Rand School of Northern New Jersey, 1948. 5pp.

128. Bulletin. Fall 1948. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1948. 28pp.

129. [Bulletin of the Trade Union Insti tute]. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1948. 7pp.

130. Rand School of Northern New Jersey and the Newark Forum. Schedule of Courses. School Season 1948-1949. Newark: Rand School of Northern New Jersey, 1948. 5pp.

131. General Bulletin. Spring Term 1949. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1949. 23pp.

140 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 54 (Cont.)

132. Rand School of Northern New Jersey and the Newark Forum. Spring Term 1949. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1949. 3pp.

133. General Bulletin. Fall 1949. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1949. 27pp.

134. Rand School of Northern New Jersey and the Newark Forum. Bulletin. Fall Term 1949. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1949. 7pp.

135. General Bulletin. Spring 1950. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1950. 27pp.

136. Bulletin. Spring Term 1950. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1950. 7pp.

137. General Bulletin. Fall 1950. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1950. 27pp.

138. General Bulletin. Spring 1951. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1951. 27pp.

139. General Bulletin. Fall Term 1951. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1951. 23pp.

140. General Bulletin. Spring 1952. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1952. 23pp.

141. General Bulletin. Fall 1952. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1952. 23pp.

142. Schedule of Courses. Labor-Management Relations and Trade Union Leadership Training Program. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1952. 6pp.

143. General Bulletin. Spring 1953. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1953. 23pp.

141 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 54 (Cont.)

144. Schedule of Courses. Labor-Management Relations and Trade Union Leadership Training Program. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1953. 7pp.

145. General Catalog. Fall Term 1953. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1953. 15pp.

146. Catalog "B". Labor-Management Relations and Trade Union Leadership Training Program. Fall Term 1953. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1953. 15pp.

147. General Catalog. Spring Term 1954. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1954. 15pp.

148. Catalog B. Labor-Management Relations and Trade Union Leadership Training Program. Spring Term 1954. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1954. 15pp.

149. Spring Term Extension 1954. Evening Courses for Adults. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1954. 5pp.

150. General Catalog. Fall Term 1954. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1954. 23pp.

151. Schedule of Classes. Labor-Management Relations and Trade Union Leadership Train ing Program. Fall Term 1954. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1954. 7pp.

152. General Catalog. Spring 1955. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1955. 7pp.

153. Catalog B. Courses in Labor-Management Relations. Spring 1955. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1955. 3pp.

154. Fall 1955. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1955. 7pp.

155. Catalog B. Fall Term 1955. Courses in Labor-Management Relations. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1955. 3pp.

142 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel 55 7. Correspondence Course Lesson Books, 1913-1936, nd

1. Berenberg, David P. The Fundamentals of Socialism. New York: Rand School of Social Science, Correspondence Department, 1919. 48pp.

2. Fine, Nathan. Trade Unionism in Theory and Practice. Correspondence Course No. 2. New York: Rand School of Social Science, nd. 72pp.

3. Henderson, Elinor. Introductory Studies of the Capitalist System. An Outline Course for Socialist Groups. New York: Rand School of Social Science, nd. 9pp.

4. Kantorovitch, Haim. The Elements of Economics. Correspondence Course No. 2. New York: Rand School of Social Science, nd. 32pp.

5. Lee, Algernon. An Introduction to Scientific Socialism. Correspondence Course No. 1. New York: Rand School of Social Science, nd. 80pp.

6. Social History and Economics. New York: Rand School of Social Science, Correspondence Department, 1913 and 1915. 88pp.

7. Maley, Anna A. Elements of Socialism. New York: Rand School of Social Science, Corres pondence Department, 1914. 48pp.

8. Nearing, Scott. The Human Element in Economics. New York: Rand School of Social Science, Correspondence Department, 1919. 48pp.

9. Ohsol, John G., et al. Social Problems and Socialist Policy. New York: Rand School of Social Science, Correspondence Department, 1914. 36pp.

10. Robinson, Jesse K. Civics Digest of Federal, State and City Governments. New York: Rand School of Social Science, nd. 18pp.

11. Shulman, Frederick. Basic Principles of Socialism in Outline Form with Suggested Readings. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1936. 28pp.

143 Collection XIII (Cont.)

Reel SS (Cont.)

8. Ephemera, lS May 1911-3 February 19SS

9. Press Releases, September 1926-November 19SS, nd

144 COLLECTION XIV

AUGUST CLAESSENS PAPERS, 1906-1955

August Claessens was one of the most influential leaders in the educational and political development of the Socialist Party. Shortly after becoming a socialist in 1909, Claessens helped organize support for the Socialist Party within several New York City labor unions. In the fall of 1917, Claessens was elected to the New York State Assembly. As a representative of one of the Lower Manhattan assembly districts, Claessens drafted and worked for legislation pertaining to child labor, the penal code's procedures for obtaining an admission of guilt, the abolishment of the Volstead Act, the abolishment of the death penalty, and the regulation of police powers in suppressing strikes. On 1 April 1920, Claessens was one of five socialist assemblymen who were expelled from the State Assembly on the grounds that membership in the Socialist Party constituted disloyalty to the United States. Although legally represented in the fight to retain his office by Charles Evans Hughes, a future United States Supreme Court Chief Justice, Claessens was denied his seat throughout the turbulent period of the Red Scare. In September 1920, Claessens was re-elected to the State Assembly in a special election, but again the anti-socialist forces, led by Assembly Speaker Thaddeus C. Sweet, refused to permit Claessens to take office. Finally, in 1922, Claessens was allowed to take office after being re-elected to the State Assembly for the third time.

In the mid-1930s Claessens withdrew from the Socialist Party and became the executive secretary and, later, the national chairman of the Social Democratic Federation. Claessens held the position of national chairman until his death in 1954. Besides his involvement with the Social Democratic Federation, Claessens also ran unsuccessfully for a number of local and state offices.

Claessens was one of the most active faculty members at the Rand School of Social Science. From the mid-1920s until his death in 1954, Claessens taught courses in such subject areas as public speaking, par liamentary procedure, psychology and social psychology, race relations, labor-management relations, socialist theory, contemporary politics, anthropology, and sex and society. Claessens also served as an instruc tor in several evening schools sponsored by various New York City labor unions. At these schools, Claessens primarily taught courses in public speaking and labor-management relations.

The August Claessens Papers, 1906-1955, are organized into the following five series: (A) correspondence, 1911-1955; (b) Hilda Claes sens correspondence, 1915, nd; (C) manuscript and lectures notes, 1906- 1954, nd; (D) photographs, 1920-1936, nd; and (E) printed matter, 1909- 1953, nd. These series as well as the subject files within certain series are arranged in chronological order either by year, month, and

145 Collection XIV (Cont.) day or by year only. All undated items have been placed at the end of each series or subject file within a particular series. Each series was assigned a capital letter for the purpose of serving as a frame num ber. A citation for each of these series and the items within certain series is located in the complete reel list which follows this descrip tion of the arrangement of the collection.

The correspondence pertaining to August Claessens (XIV:A) and Hilda Claessens (XIV:B) contains little significant information. Several letters from Claessens emphasize the importance of humor in public speaking. Other letters and telegrams contain information on socialist publications and activities, Claessens' 50th birthday and 25th year as a Socialist Party member, and other personal matters. Some of the prominent correspondents in these two series are Morris Hillquit, Otto Branstetter, Leo Steinke, Esther Friedman, Carl Sandburg, Charles Edward Russell, and Adolf A. Berle, Jr.

The largest series in this collection is the manuscript and lecture notes (XIV:C). This series, consisting of 78 subject files, includes manuscripts and notes of lectures, pamphlets, books, addresses, and statements. Each subject file within this series has been given a frame number and has been cited according to the title of the file in the com plete reel list. In some instances, the titles of items within the sub ject file are cited in the complete reel list. Of special interest in this series are Claessens' writings on socialist humor, particularly the rough draft of his book, Didn't We Have Fun? (XIV:C:l3); a series of articles entitled, "Revolutionary Fun" (XIV:C:56); and a collection of anecdotes entitled, "We Struggled With a Smile" (XIV:C:73). This series also contains writings on human nature, prejudice, prohibition, contem porary politics, labor, socialism, heredity and environment, sex and society, and religion. A collection of seven poems (XIV:C:45), written by Claessens, are also included in this series.

The Claessens Papers also contain a series of 26 photographs (XIV:D) • The photographs are arranged in chronological order and include portraits of August Claessens, group photographs, photographs of Claessens with other socialist figures, and photographs of Claessens teaching at the Rand School. Each photograph has been labelled with a number in the lower right-hand corner of the picture. These numbers correspond with the description of the photographs in the complete reel list.

The printed matter in this collection (XIV:E) is organized into the following seven subject files: (1) Claessens legislative bills, New York State Assembly; (2) election campaigns; (3) lecture announcements; (4) miscellaneous; (5) pamphlets; (6) socialist legislative bills, New York State Assembly; and (7) testimonials. Each subject file has been assigned a frame number, including each item in the pamphlets file.

146 Collection XIV (Cont.)

The legislative bills constitute the largest bulk of materials in the printed matter series. These bills are divided into two files: (1) 16 bills drafted by Claessens from 1918 to 1919 (XIV:E:l); and (2) 74 bills drafted by the five socialist assemblymen during the period, January-April 1918 (XIV:E:6). The bills which were drafted by Claessens have been described in the biographical sketch of this description. The bills drafted by the five socialist assemblymen include legislation on the regulation of municipal street railway fares, municipal ownership of public utilities, repeal of the state police department, abolishment of the death penalty, regulation of child labor, reorganization of the City College of New York, expansion of workmen's compensation, free university education, and the establishment of municipal day nurseries.

There are also five pamphlets in the printed matter series which were written by Claessens (XIV:E:5). These pamphlets are arranged in alphabetical order according to the title of the pamphlet. A biblio graphical citation for each pamphlet in this file can be found in the complete reel list.

The researcher should note that an error was made in the targeting for this collection. On each frame the word "Series" appears adjacent to the frame number. This term should actually be interpreted as "Collection".

Reel 56 A. Correspondence, 15 February 1911-11 August 1955

B. Hilda Claessens Correspondence, 3 January 1915-31 December 1915, nd

c. Manuscript and Lecture Notes, 1906-1954, nd

1. ABC of Parliamentary Law, nd

2. Anthropology and the Growth of Society, nd The Origin of Man and the Races of Mankind Primitive Man and His World The Savage and His Culture The Barbarian and His World Civilization

3. [Article on the 1932 campaign], 1933

4. Can a Goy and a Yiddina Stay Happily Married?, nd

147 Collection XIV (Cont.)

Reel 56 (Cont.)

5. Changing Human Nature, nd

6. The Chase for the Almighty Dollar, nd The End of the Chase

7. Collective Bargaining, nd

8. Collectivism and Individual Liberty, February 1951

9. Communism, nd

10. The Cultural Elements, nd

11. Democracy vs. Dictatorship, November 1939 and June 1941

12. Democratic Way of Life, nd

13. Didn't We Have Em?, nd

14. Disagreeable and Dirty Work, nd

15. Eistein Theory, nd

16. Elementary and Advanced Socialism, 1930-1935, nd Our Economic Chaos, nd (3 copies) Lessons from the World War, 1933 (2 copies) What Socialism Is, nd (3 copies) The Distribution of Wealth, 1930-1933 (2 copies) The Love of Money, 1935 The Odium of Menial Labor, nd Instinct of Workrnenship, nd (2 copies) Incentive and Ambition, 1932 (3 copies) Socialism and Ambition, nd

17. Elements of Social Progress, 1934

18. Ethics and Economics, nd

19. The Evolution of Morality, 1933

20. Florida Violence, nd

21. Genius, nd

22. Germany and Reparations, nd

23. Graft and Corruption, March 1932 (4 copies)

148 Collection XIV (Cont.)

Reel 56 (Cont.)

24. Guaranteed Annual Wage, nd

25. Haiti, nd

26. Heredity and Environment, 1931 and 1933, nd Our Natural Heritage, 1931 Our Natural Environment, 1931 Nature and Nurture, 1933 Problems of Physical Heritage, nd Our Social Environment, 1931 Our Social Heritage, 1931 Problems of Social Heritage, 1933

27. If Lincoln Were Hoover, nd

28. Immigration, nd

29. Industrial Democracy, nd

30. Is A United States of Europe Possible?, 1950

31. Is Socialism Inevitable?, nd

32. Is the Status of the Masses Improving?, nd Is the Condition of the Masses Growing Better or Worse?, 1934

33. The Jew and the World Crisis, nd

34. Justice Without A Blindfold, nd

35. Labor Movement, nd

36. Lectures on Behavior, 1940, nd The Instinctive Basis of Behavior, nd Acquired Behavior-The Environmental Factors, 1940 (2 copies) Social and Collective Behavior, 1940

37. "A Liberal Interlude", nd (3 copies)

38. Measures to Halt a Depression, 1954

39. Modern Science, Man, Religion and God, nd

40. Must We Change Human Nature?, nd

41. The Nature of Work and the Nature of Man, nd

149 Collection XIV (Cont.)

Reel 56 (Cont.)

42. NRA, October 1933 (4 copies)

43. Outlines and Highlights of the Social Sciences, nd Biology Human Geography: The Cultural Backwardness of the South Psychology Social Psychology-Prejudices and Stereotypes Anthropology

44. Patriotism, nd

45. Poems, 1906-1920, nd Remembrance, 1908 (2 copies) On a Spring Greeting Card to Jennie, April 1909 (2 copies) Friendship, December 1908 Winter, December 1920 Enthusiasm, July 1906 The Months, March 1907 (2 copies) A Bit of Philosophy-Before Election, nd

46. Prejudices-A Story in Human Behavior, 1932-1943

47. Prohibition, nd

48. Promise of Socialism, nd

49. Prosperity and Hard Times, December 1923

50. Racketeers and Big Business, nd

51. Red Riots, nd

52. Relation of Work to Ignorance and Education, nd

53. Religion and Soviet Russia, nd

54. Resolution on African Independence, nd (2 copies)

55. Resolution on Anti-Semitism, nd

56. Revolutionary Fun, nd They Were All One To Him (2 copies) That Was 'Ille Purpose of the Meeting Obliging He Never Spoke On That Corner Again (2 copies) Got A Permit (3 copies)

150 Collection XIV (Cont.)

Reel 56 (Cont.)

56. (Cont.) May Day Article A Close Shave (2 copies) A Kindly Suggestion (2 copies) Some Diet! It Can Happen Only In Harlem (2 copies) A Four Hour Day Hamlet Outdone Suggestively Ancient Misses A Question in Physics Not An Encyclopedia Mathematics One on History One on the Professor One on the Teacher Biology As Franklin No Doubt Knew Three Humorous Bits Phrenology An Englishman's Idea of American Humor Change of Nationality Mythology Materialism Versus Spiritualism

57. The Second Industrial Revolution, nd

58. Sex and Society, 1930-1935, nd Women and Modern Industry, 1930 Prostitution, 1935 Marriage and Economics, 1935 The Home-Present and Future, 1935 The Home and Social Changes, nd Marital Incompatibility, 1935 Mental Differences of Men and Women, 1932 (2 copies) Sex Prejudices, nd

59. Social Attitudes Toward War and Peace, 1936 (2 copies)

60. Social Psychology, 1935-1938 (4 copies)

61. Socialism and Human Nature, nd

62. Socialism and Religion, nd

63. Socialism and Social Problems, nd

151 Collection XIV (Cont.)

Reel 56 (Cont.)

64. Socialism of George Bernard Shaw, nd

65. Socialism in the Assembly, nd

66. Stock Market, nd

67. These United States, 1935

68. Unavoidable Hazard in Some Kinds of Work, nd

69. Understanding the U.S.A., nd

70. Understanding the Worker, nd

71. United Front, nd

72. Wages and Prices, nd

73. We Struggled With A Smile, nd An Innocent Deception (3 copies) On the Plains of Colorado (3 copies) Good Heavens! (3 copies) A British Prime Minister Meets His American Comrads (3 copies) I Work With A Notorious Racketeer Some Funny Moments in the Labor Movement The Germans In Our Midst The Benefits of Materialism (2 copies)

74. What Organized Labor Has Gained, nd

75. What Organized Labor Wants, nd

76. The Will To Live, nd

77. Why They Threw Us Out of the Assembly, nd

78. Notes, nd

D. Photographs, 1920-1936, nd

1- 9. Portraits of August Claessens

10. Four of the five Assemblymen expelled by the New York State Assembly during the Red Scare, 1920. L-R: Charles Solomon, Louis Waldman, Samuel Orr, August Claessens

152 Collection XIV (Cont.)

Reel 56 (Cont.)

11. Socialist agitators who toured the United States and spoke at Socialist meetings in many states, 1921. L-R, front: Isidore Goldstein and Norman Goldstein L-R, rear: Sylvia Claessens, Hilda Claessens, August Claessens.

12. August Claessens in his office at the headquarters of the Social Democratic Federation, New York City, 1935.

13. August Claessens, center in the second row, at an outing of the Young People's Socialist League, 1935.

14. August Claessens conducting a class in economics and public speaking at Local 62 of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union, 31 March 1936.

15. August Claessens speaking at an "Open Air" meeting in New York City, nd.

16. August Claessens speaking at an "Open Air" meeting and encouraging workers to read socialist publi cations, nd.

17. Part of a crowd attending a Socialist Party rally in New York Ci~y, nd.

18. August Claessens, center in the second row, with other Socialists and union members, nd.

19-21. August Claessens giving a lecture, nd.

22. August Claessens, far left, and one of his numerous Rand School classes, nd.

23. August Claessens teaching a class in public speaking at the Rand School, January 1932.

24. August Claessens addressing a group of trade union representatives, nd.

25. August Claessens giving an address, nd.

26. August Claessens, center of the photograph, atteruiing a dinner, nd.

153 Collection XIV (Cont.)

Reel 56 (Cont.)

E. Printed Matter, 1909-1953, nd

1. Claessens Legislative Bills, New York State Assembly, 1918-1919

2. Election Campaigns, 1940 and 1946, nd

3. Lecture Announcements, 1914-1953, nd

4. Miscellaneous, 1909-1922, nd

5. Pamphlets, 1922-1924, nd

1. Claessens, August. The Blue Eagle Is Dead-So What! New York: New York Socialist Party, nd. 16pp.

2. Is Socialism Inevitable? An Explanation of the Forces of Social Progress. Chicago: Socialist Party of the United States, 1922. 40pp.

3. Roparska Trojica. Chicago: Jugoslovanska v Delavska Tiskovna Druzba, 1924. 63pp.

4. The Trinity of Plunder. A Cheerful Slam at Rent, Interest, and Profit. New York: New York Call Printing Co., 1922. 32pp.

5. Zasady Socjalizmu. Detroit: Wychodzi ka!dego tygodnia, nd. 18pp.

6. Socialist Legislative Bills, New York State Assembly, January 1918-April 1918

7. Testimonials, 13 February 1928-22 April 1950

154 COLLECTION XV

GEORGE D. HERRON PAPERS, 1905-1922

One of the prime movers in the founding of the Rand School of Social Science was a radical Christian Socialist minister named George D. Herron. After graduating from Ripon College in Wisconsin, Herron served as pastor of the Congregational Church in Lake City, Minnesota, and the First Congregational Church in Burlington, Iowa. In 1893, Mrs. Carrie Rand, another founder of the Rand School and an active socialist, became close friends with Herron and endowed for him a chair of Applied Christianity at Iowa College. Herron served on the faculty until 1900 when his zealous advocacy of Christian Socialism and his active participation in the Society of Christian Socialists aroused the hostile attitude of university officials and eventually caused him to resign from the school. Upon leaving the university, Herron renounced Christian Socialism altogether and became a member of the Socialist Party.

Herron's role as a leader in the American socialist movement was short-lived because of the adverse public reaction to his divorce and subsequent remarriage to Mrs. Rand's youngest daughter. The Herrons were attacked so bitterly in the American press that they eventually emigrated to Italy shortly before World War I. While in Europe, Herron pursued an active writing career until his death in 1925.

The George D. Herron Papers, 1905-1922, consist of approximately 60 letters arranged in chronological order. Many of these letters were written to George H. Strobell, Algernon Lee, and Morris Hillquit. Some of the topics discussed in the correspondence pertain to socialism, World War I, and Eugene V. Debs.

The only items which were not filmed in this collection were two photostat copies of articles written by George D. Herron.

Reel 57 Correspondence, April 1905-April 1922

155

COLLECTION XVI

ALGERNON LEE PAPERS, 1896-1954

For more than 50 years Algernon Lee was a leading figure in the major educational and political activities pertaining to American socialism. After attending the University of Minnesota in the early 1890s, Lee worked as a political organizer for the Socialist Labor Party and served as the editor of several socialist publications, including The Tocsin in Minneapolis and The Worker, The Daily Call, and The New Leader in New York City. In 1909, Lee became the Director of Education at the Rand School of Social Science. He held this po sition until his death in 1954. In addition to his administrative responsibilities, Lee was also an instructor in economics and American history at the Rand School.

Lee was a member of the New York City Board of Aldermen from 1918 to 1921. As a Socialist Party representative, Lee supported various measures regarding municipal ownership of the transit system and de creases in municipal taxes. During World War I, Lee, a pacifist, opposed the Board's decision to assist in the sale of war savings stamps, but he later joined the Board in working on behalf of Library Bond sales.

In November 1919, Lee was re-elected to the Board of Aldermen, but was prevented from taking office because he was declared the loser in his race. The Board's committee on privileges investigated the situation and reported that although there had been no election fraud, there were certain "errors" in the vote count which made it appear as if Lee had been defeated in his re-election bid. Upon receiving the committee's report, Lee embarked on a fight to retain his seat on the Board. In November 1921, just two months before his term of office expired, Lee was finally allowed to take office. Lee also sued the City of New York for the $5,500 salary which he claimed was owed to him during this period. Eventually he won this suit with a favorable New York Supreme Court ruling.

Concerning other socialist experiences, Lee was a delegate to numer ous Socialist Party national conventions and socialist international con ferences. As a Socialist Party candidate, Lee ran unsuccessfully for president of the New York City Board of Aldermen, New York state sen ator, Mayor of New York City, and other offices. Lee also served one term as the national chairman of the Socialist Party following Morris Hillquit's death in 1933.

During the mid-1930s, Lee was actively involved in the factional disputes which resulted in the Socialist Party split. In 1934, he presided over a Socialist Party rally at Madison Square Garden in New York City which ended in a pitched battle between the Militants and the Old Guard. Unable to hold the various factions together during this

157 Collection XVI (Cont.)

turbulent period, Lee withdrew from the Socialist Party in 1936 and joined the Old Guard in establishing the Social Democratic Federation. Lee served as the national chairman and honorary national chairman of the Social Democratic Federation after it was organized. Lee also served on the New York State Executive Corranittee of the American Labor Party in the late 1930s, but later quit after discovering that the organization was dominated by Communist Party members.

The Alqernon Lee Papers, 1896-1954, are organized into the following 13 subject files: correspondence, account book, lectures, radio scripts, diary, writings, undated writings, ephemeral printed matter, reading notes, autobiographical matter, birthday testimonials, miscellaneous items, and obituaries and last will. Each subject file has been arranged in chronological order and assigned a frame number. A list of the sub ject files can be found in the complete reel list which follows this description of the arrangement of the collection.

The correspondence in this collection (XVI:l) includes letters from virtually every prominent American socialist as well as many European socialists. Most of the correspondence focuses on the issues involving the Socialist Party, the Rand School, the Social Democratic Federation, the New Leader, the Workmen's Circle, and the American Labor Party. Among the most significant of the approximately 2000 letters in this collection are those from W. J. Ghent. In this correspondence, which spans nearly 40 years, Ghent discusses the Socialist Party's position on World War I, the 1936 Socialist Party split, and other developments and personalities in American socialism. Equally significant for re flections on the socialist movement, particularly on the Socialist Party's formative years and on Norman Thomas, is the correspondence of James Oneal. There are a number of letters from Charles Edward Russell which convey his thoughts on socialist activities and there are several letters from Upton Sinclair which discuss his attitude regarding World War I and his use of George Herron as the model for the hero of World's End. Another interesting feature of the correspondence are four letters which Lee wrote to his wife, Mathilda, describing the events of the 1936 Socialist Party convention in Cleveland. The Lee correspondence also contains important letters from such figures as Morris Hillquit, Victor Berger, Norman Thomas, Meyer London, Eugene and Theodore Debs, Louis Waldman, William E. Bohn, Lena Morrow Lewis, Adolph and Julius Gerber, Abraham Cahan, William Mailly, Harry W. Laidler, and James H. Maurer.

Besides the correspondence relating to American socialism, there are numerous letters concerning socialist developments in Europe. Of sig nificant importance within the international correspondence are the letters of Karl Kautsky and his family. These letters describe the deteriorating conditions in post-World War I Europe, the rise of Adolf Hitler, the Kautsky's flight to Holland, Karl Kautsky's death, and the family's eventual move to the United States. In addition to the Kautsky correspondence are letters from Jean Longuet and Raphael Abramovitch. There is also considerable correspondence with several organizations which supported Polish democracy during and after World War II.

158 Collection XVI (Cont.)

Two other major segments of the Lee Papers are the lectures (XVI:3) and radio scripts (XVI:4). The lectures in this collection pertain to a variety of subjects which Lee presented in his classes at the Rand School. Among the subjects discussed in these lectures are economic history, history of the belief in gods, and the regulation of employer employee relations. There is also a lecture by Alexander Trachtenberg entitled, "Socialism and Trade Unionism" (1916-1917), and a lecture by Harry Elmer Barnes entitled, "The Economic Determination of History: Its Uses, Status and Limitations" (1928), contained in this file. The radio scripts, which were presented on Lee's weekly program on WEVD, feature conunentary and debate on many national and international issues for the period, 1939-1948. Some of the issues discussed in these scripts include Jabor and socialism, rationing, the release of Earl Browder, the registration of trade unions with the federal government, schizophrenia, the murder of Carlo Tresca, the Harlem race riots, Italian politics following Allied liberation, and the dissolution of the Conununist International.

Lee's personal writings in this collection include a diary, speech manuscripts, articles, drafts of pamphlets, position papers, preliminary outlines, memoranda, resolutions, and notes. One of the most interesting items in the Lee Papers is his personal diary (XVI:5). The diary, which also includes a typewritten transcript, describes reminiscences of Lee's educational activities and his philosophical development from high school onward. Lee's first attraction to socialism at a Nationalist Club in Minnesota is described in the diary, as is his political organi zing work foi the Socialist Labor Party in Minnesota.

Other writings in this collection are organized into dated (XVI:6) and undated (XVI:7) items. The dated writings have been given frame numbers for each item and have been cited in the complete reel list. Some of the items in this file include articles on William Morris' view of art, the revolutionary movement in Russian history, the so~ialist and labor attitude toward war and militarism, Marx's theory of value, military strategy and foreign policy in World War II, and the Socialist International. The undated writings include items on the Rand School classes, the Young People's Socialist League, individualism, educa tional systems, socialism and farmers, leadership, and the 1934 Decla ration of Principles of the Socialist Party. There is also a small number of pamphlets, articles, statements, memoranda, and newspaper clippings in the ephemeral printed matter (XVI:8). These items include an open letter with which Lee accepted the Socialist Party nomination for Mayor of New York City in 1905, statements and memoranda to the American Socialist Society Board of Directors, position papers on the relationship between the Social Democratic Federation and the New Leader, newspaper clippings on the Social Democratic Federation and other con temporary issues, and a memorial tribute to Lee in 1954.

The only items which were not filmed in this collection were two folders of Civil War letters from James Lee to Jane Emerson (1861-1864) , a Civil War journal belonging to John W. Gears (1861), and several miscellaneous family papers (undated) •

159 Collection XVI (Cont.)

Reel 58 1. Correspondence, 30 September 1898-26 April 1939

Reel 59 Correspondence, 6 May 1939-30 December 1945

Reel 60 Correspondence, 9 January 1946-3 October 1952, nd

Reel 61 2. Account Book, 1938-1948

3. Lectures, 1907-1946

4. Radio Scripts, 1939-1948

Reel 62 5. Diary, 25 November 1906-4 April 1915

6. Writings, 1896-1949

1. To the Working People in the Shops and on the Farms of Minnesota, 1896. 8pp.

2. William Morris on Art, February 1897. 7pp.

3. Preliminary Outline for Proposed "Socialist Manual", by W. J. Ghent and Algernon Lee, 1905-1906. 9pp.

4. Notes on Some Phases of Russian History and of the Revolutionary Movement, 2 February 1907. 5pp.

5. The Attitude of the Socialist and Labor Movement in the United States Toward War and Militarism, 1913. 120pp.

6. [Letters to the International Ladies Garment Workers Union], 1914. 3pp.

7. The socialist International Still Lives, [1915]. llpp.

8. Marx' Theory of Value, June 1928. 16pp.

9. [Paper read to the Board of Directors of the Rand School of Social Science] , 8 April 1929. 5pp.

10. [Reminiscences about Alfred E. Smith], 19 October 1930. 2pp.

11. Projects for a Series of Discussions of Questions of Socialist Principle and Policy, to Be Held Under the Joint Auspices of the Party's Edu cation Committee and the Rand School During the Season of 1931'32, 1931. 2pp.

160 Collection XVI (Cont.)

Reel 62 (Cont.)

12. Comment on Comrade Voorhis' Proposed Leaflet: "What About Agriculture", 17 August 1933. 4pp. (2 copies)

13. [Resolution on the discontinuation of the name, "People's Party", for the Social Democratic Federation], 1936. 2pp.

14. America's Duty Today, October 1939. 2pp.

15. Memorandum to the Departments of State and of War, Concerning Desired Sending of American Books to German Nationals in Germany, [1940). 8pp.

16. War Aims, Peace Terms, and the World After the War, 21 April 1941. llpp. (2 copies)

17. Debs and Hillquit, 29 August 1944. 14pp. (3 copies)

18. [Paper on "May Day" in 1947]' llpp. 1 May 1947

19. Notes on Claessens' Letter to Iverson, 3pp. 9 July 1949.

7. Writings, nd

8. Ephemeral Printed Matter, 1898-1954, nd

9. Reading Notes, nd

10. Autobiographical Matter, nd

11. Birthday Testimonials, 1923-1949

12. Miscellaneous Items, 1914-1957, nd

13. Obituaries and Last Will, 1954

161

COLLECTION XVII

LENA MORROW LEWIS PAPERS, 1899-1951

Lena Morrow Lewis was one of the most active women socialists in the United States during the first half of the 20th century. Through out her career in radical politics, Lewis was immersed in a variety of socialist activities. She was a candidate on the Socialist Party ticket in numerous local, state, and congressional elections in California and Alaska. Besides her electoral endeavors, Lewis gave lectures on contemporary socialist issues and worked as a journalist for several socialist and labor publications in California and Alaska, including The Labor World which she edited. Lewis also worked diligently in support of the release of Warren K. Billings who, along with Tom Mooney, was convicted and imprisoned for 23 years on a charge of complicity in a Preparedness Day bomb explosion at San Francisco in July 1916.

The Lena Morrow Lewis Papers, 1899-1951, are organized into 20 subject files, including Billings correspondence, general correspon dence, family and personal papers, lectures, memorabilia, memorials and biographical notes, notebook, notes, photographs, printed matter, radio talks, and nine scrapbooks. Each subject file has been given a frame number. A list of the subject files and some of the items within specific files can be found in the complete reel list which follows this description of the arrangement of the collection.

The Billings correspondence (XVII:l) and the general correspon dence (XVII:2) constitute the largest quantity of materials in this collection. The letters within these two subject files are arranged in chronological order, with undated items placed at the end of each file. Of special importance in the correspondence files is the extensive collection of letters from and about Warren K. Billings during 17 of his 23 years in prison. The letters, which are occasionally critical of Tom Mooney, affirm Billings' innocence and concentrate on the numerous efforts to have him released from prison. The general corres pondence includes numerous letters discussing contemporary political issues and socialist personalities. Much of this correspondence is from less prominent socialists, but there are letters from such impor tant figures as Theodore Debs, James H. Maurer, James Oneal, Eugene V. Debs, Norman Thomas, and Charles Edward Russell. In this file, there are also a number of personel letters from Iva Ettor which of fer some interesting insights into some of the socialist and labor organizing activities of her husband, Joe Ettor.

163 Collection XVII (Cont.)

There are 27 photographs contained in the Lewis Papers (XVII:9). The photographs are arranged in chronological order and include both portraits of Lena Morrow Lewis and group photographs featuring Lewis and other socialists. Each photograph has been labelled with a number in the lower right-hand corner of the picture. These numbers corres pond with the description of the photographs in the complete reel list.

The nine scrapbooks (XVII:l2-XVII:20) constitute another impor tant segment of this collection. These scrapbooks, which consist pri marily of newspaper clippings, focus upon specific aspects of Lewis' life, particularly her work with husband, Arthur Morrow Lewis; her experiences as a journalist and political candidate in Alaska; her involvement with the Socialist Party in California; and her writings about various personalities in the socialist and communist movements. Each scrapbook has been provided with an index which lists the title of each article, the page number(s) where each article is lo~ated, and the author of the article if the author is known. For each scrapbook, the index was filmed before the contents of the scrapbook.

There is also a variety of miscellaneous items in this collection. Prominent among these items are a small number of WEVD radio scripts (XVII:ll) and speech notes (XVII:8) which pertain to Lewis' involve ment with the Social Democratic Federation. Some interesting items are also contained in the memorabilia file (XVII:5), such as lecture announcements, Socialist Party dues books, a ticket to the International Socialist Congress at Copenhagen in 1910, a resignation card from the American Federation of Labor, and a certificate of nomination for the 22nd Assembly District of California.

Reel 63 1. Billings Correspondence, 19 February 1922-11 December 1939, nd

Reel 64 2. Correspondence, 9 January 1905-28 May 1951, nd

Reel 65 3. Family and Personal Papers, 2 October 1906-31 May 1938

4. Lectures, 1903-1944, nd

5. Memorabilia, 1903-1947, nd

6. Memorials and Biographical Notes, 1947, nd

7. Notebook, nd

8. Notes, nd

164 Collection XVII (Cont.)

Reel 65 (Cont.)

9. Photographs, 1905-1928, nd

1. Mary A. Story, mother of Lena Morrow Lewis, nd.

2. Lena Morrow Lewis as a young child, nd.

3. Lena Morrow Lewis as a young woman, nd.

4. Lena Morrow Lewis arriving in Seattle, Washington, 1905. The man at the left is unidentified.

5. L-R, standing: unidentified, J. G. Phelps Stokes, Victor Berger, Clarence Carrow, and two uniden tified people, 1907. Rose Pastor Stokes is one of the women seated in front.

6. Delegates attending the International Socialist Congress in Copenhagen, 1910.

7. Part of the parade procession at the International Socialist Congress in Copenhagen, 1910.

8. Part of the parade procession at the International Socialist Congress in Copenhagen, 1910.

9. Part of the crowd attending a "Votes for Women" rally in Lynn, Massachusetts, 1911.

10. Part of the crowd attending a "Votes for Women" rally in Lynn, Massachusetts, 1911.

11. Jim Carey sitting on the speaker's platform with Lena Morrow Lewis, Lynn, Massachusetts, 1911.

12. Jim Carey listening to a speech by Lena Morrow Lewis in Lynn, Massachusetts, 1911.

13. Lena Morrow Lewis in Alaska, ca. 1912.

14. Lena Morrow Lewis in her Alaskan garden, ca. 1912.

15. The Arctic Brotherhood in Dawson, Alaskan Territory, where Lena Morrow Lewis spoke in 1912 and 1914.

16. Lena Morrow Lewis, left, and Carrie Bush in Oakland, California, 1918 (?).

165 Collection XVII (Cont.)

Reel 65 (Cont.)

17. Some of the women employees in the national head quarters of the Socialist Party, Chicago, 1926. Lena Morrow Lewis is standing third from the left and Mabel Barnes is standing at the far left.

18. Lena Morrow Lewis, left, and an unidentified woman, nd.

19. Emmeline M. Dent, December 1928.

20. Lena Morrow Lewis, far right, and three unidenti fied women, nd.

21. Lena Morrow Lewis, far left, and Jasper McLevy, seated, in front, nd.

22. Lena Morrow Lewis, left, and an unidentified man, nd.

23. Lena Morrow Lewis in her later years, ca. 1940s.

24. L-R; William Feigenbaum, James Oneal, and Ryan Walker, nd.

25. A group of Socialist Party YJOmen in Minneapolis, Minnesota, nd.

26. Dan Irving, nd.

27. Members of the English branch of the Socialist Party, Local Duluth, nd.

10. Printed Matter, 1934 and 1936, [193?]

Fosdick, Harry Emerson. The Unknown Soldier. Extension of Remarks of Hon. James P. Pope of Idaho in the Senate of the United States, Saturday, June 16, 1934. Washington, D.C.: U. S. Govt. Print. Off., 1934. 4pp.

Story, Russell M. Growth Toward Effectiveness. Clare mont, California: Pomona Collage, 17 September 1936. llpp.

Arnold, Mary Elliott and Reed, Mabel. Find Your Lobster. Cooperation in Nova Scotia, np, [193-). 4pp.

166 Collection XVII (Cont.)

Reel 65 (Cont.)

11. Radio Talks, July 1916-August 1943, nd

12. Scrapbook No. 1, "Special Articles by and About Lena Morrow Lewis and Arthur Morrow Lewis, 1899- 1941"

13. Scrapbook No. 2, "Alaska-1912-1917: Inc. Articles and Experiences"

14. Scrapbook No. 3, "A Collection of Articles by Various Comrades: Stories of Personalities: A Book of Human Interest ••. 1920-1931"

15. Scrapbook No. 4, "Articles Pertaining to Communism and Activities of the Communist Party .... 1925-1930"

16. Scrapbook No. 5, "Record of Organizational Activities of the Socialist Party of California During 1925- 1930 inclusive"

17. Scrapbook No. 6, "Articles Appearing in The La.bar World 1925-1930, incl."

18. Scrapbook No. 7, "Socialist Campaigns-California, 1926, '28, '30"

19. Scrapbook No. 8, "Lena Morrow Lewis--Early Socialist Activities, 1899-1922"

20. Scrapbook No. 9, "Articles on Lena Morrow Lewis and Socialism, 1904-1935"

167

COLLECTION XVIII

WILLIAM MAILLY PAPERS, 1907-19J1

In his relatively short lifetime (1871-1912) , William Mailly became known as one of the leading figures in the formative period of modern American socialism. Following a common school education and a brief work experience as a coal miner, Mailly served as an editor on several labor newspapers in the South. Mailly also worked as a relentless editor and organizer for the Social Democratic Party and the Socialist Party. During the height of his involvement in various socialist activities, Mailly was the editor of the Haverhill (Mass.) Social Demo crat (1898), associate editor of The Worker in New York (1901, 1906- 1907), and managing editor of the New York Evening Call (1908-1909). Besides his journalistic accomplishments, Mailly helped organize the Social Democratic Party in 1898, served as the National Secretary of the Socialist Party from 1903 to 1905, and was a member of the National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party from 1905 to 1906.

The William Mailly Papers, 1907-1913, consist of the following 12 subject files: articles, play reviews and theatre critiques, news paper stories, poetry, plays, short stories, notes, miscellaneous, scrapbook, correspondence, resignation from the Ladies' Waist and Dress makers Union, and letters of condolence to his widow, Bertha Howell Mailly. Each file has been given a frame number. The frame number and a citation for each file and its contents can be found in the complete reel list.

The items in the files pertaining to articles, play reviews and theatre critiques, poetry, plays, and short stories are arranged in alphabetical order according to the title of the item. The remaining subject files are arranged in chronological order.

Of special interest in this collection are the articles, play reviews, newspaper stories, and short stories which Mailly wrote for various socialist and non-socialist publications. The articles (XVIII:l) and newspaper stories (XVIII:3) cover a wide range of subjects such as Australian elections, national defense, "slavery" in Alabama, Irish nationalism, strikes, drama, Socialist Party events, and theatre censor ship. The numerous play reviews (XVIII:2) offer a unique insight into the realm of socialist theater criticism and the "new theater" move ment of the early 20th century. Mailly's most creative literary works in this collection are located in the short stories file (XVIII:6). The relationship between socialist theory and complex human emotions is best revealed in "The Courtship of Hughey Carey", "The Cry of a Child", "The Home Coming of Katie Dublin", "Mary Cullen", and "The Price They Pay".

169 Collection XVIII (Cont.)

Other items of note in the Mailly Papers include Mailly's resig nation letters from the Ladies' Waist and Dressmakers Union and the letters of condolence sent to Mailly's wife, Bertha Howell Mailly, following his death. Among the correspondents writing to Mrs. Mailly were Eugene V. Debs, Morris Hillquit, Charles Edward Russell, James H. Maurer, and James Oneal.

Reel 66 1. Articles, 1910-1912, nd

The Actor Under Commercialism, nd. 8pp. Alabama-A Slave State, nd. 12pp. Are Still "The First", nd. lp. As To Railroad Wrecks, nd. 2pp. The Australian Federal Election, nd. 27pp. Combatting Child Labor, nd. 3pp. The Drama as a Social Factor, nd. 25pp. England's New Labor Daily, nd. 2pp. For Real National Defense, nd. 3pp. The Mutability of Institutions, nd. 2pp. National Elections and Politics, nd. Spp. The New York Garbage Workers' Strike, 17 November 1911. 7pp. The New York TbZkszeitung, 13 December 1910. 9pp. History of the TbZkszeitung, 13 December 1910. lOpp. Rebirth for Ireland, nd. 2pp. Repertory Gets A Start, nd. 2pp. Ryan Walker: An Appreciation, 10 December 1910. 9pp. A Shopgirl's Christmas Story, nd. 18pp. The Social Drama in America, nd. Spp. The Social Evolution of Drama, nd. 6pp. (2 copies) Social Legislation, Labor Legislation, Anti-Trust, etc., nd. Spp. The Socialist Bugaboo, nd. 17pp. Socialist Party Convention of 1904, 15 October 1911. Spp. Suffragism in Practice, nd. 3pp. Tidings of the Times, 1912. 2pp. Undermining New York for Socialism, nd. 16pp. (2 copies) Where Progressivism Fails, nd. 3pp. The Working Girls' Strike, nd. 15pp. [Untitled article on the value of drama] , nd. 4pp.

2. Play Reviews and Theatre Critiques, 1908-1911, nd

The "Decadent Drama" Triumphant, July 1910. 8pp. Drama and Near-Drama, May 1911. 12pp. Dramatic Bricks Without Straw, March 1911. 8pp. The Jolly Christmas Pantomime, 24 December 1910. Spp.

170 Collection XVIII (Cont.)

Reel 66 (Cont.)

The New American Drama, nd. 14pp. The "New Theatre" and the Free Theatre, 29 March 1908. 6pp. Passing of the Third Floor Back, nd. 3pp. Plays of Promise and Performance, December 1911. 14pp. The Playtime of the American Playwright, January 1911. lOpp. The Production of "Virginius", nd. 4pp. A Remarkable New Play, nd. lOpp. A Season's Social Drama, nd. 20pp. Stage Favorites Are Soon Forgotten, nd. 13pp. Where Are The Stars Of Yesteryear?, nd. 19pp. (2 page transcript of pages 1 and 2) Woman and the Modern Drama-Plays and Playwrights, nd. Spp. "The Master Builder", nd. 12pp.

3. Newspaper Stores, 28 March 1908-17 December 1910, nd

[Untitled article on a bomb blast at Union Square in New York during a demonstration of unemployed workers, 28 March 1908. 6pp.]

[Untitled article on the investigation of the bomb blast in New York's Union Square during a demon stration of unemployed workers, 29 March 1908. Spp.]

[Untitled article on the arrest and subsequent release of Alexander Berkman for the bomb blast during the unemployment demonstration in New York's Union Square, 30 March 1908. 2pp]

[Untitled article on the formation of a Socialist Party committee which was established to investigate the bomb blast during the unemployment demonstration in New York's Union Square, 30 March 1908. 2pp]

[Untitled article on the continuation of the Unemploy~d Conference, 31 March 1908. 2pp]

[Untitled article on several Socialist Party speakers who denounced the interference of the New York police with their right of free speech, 4 April 1908. 6pp.]

How Girls Can Strike, 18 January 1910. Spp.

171 Collection XVIII (Cont.)

Reel 66 (Cont.)

[Untitled letter to the editor of The Morning Telegraph, stating with appreciation the newspaper's comments on Rep. Victor Berger's interview regarding the licensing of theatres and theatre censorship, 17 December 1910. 4pp.

The Shirt-Waist Strike Story, nd. 6pp.

4. Poetry, 24 December 1910, nd

Christmas Eve, 24 December 1910. lp. The Rune of the Passion of Women, nd. 6pp. The Two Minnehahas, or the Unkissed Maidens, nd. 3pp.

5. Plays, nd

The Harvest Moon by Augustus Thomas, 8pp. Memories, 6pp. The Upward Path, A Play in Four Acts by Pendragon, 14pp. [Untitled play], 20pp.

6. Short Stories, 3 March 1911, nd

The Courtship of Hughey Curry, nd. 23pp. (2 copies) The Cry of a Child, 3 March 1911. 15pp. The Home Coming of Katie Devlin, nd. 48pp. Mary Cullen, nd. 7pp. The Mule Who Couldn't See, nd. 3pp. The Price They Pay, nd. 18pp. The Remington Story, nd. lp. The Marchant Story, nd. lp. The Platt Story, nd. lp.

7. Notes, nd

8. Miscellaneous, 11 March 1910, nd

Incomplete essays Readings in Literature, 11 March 1910

9. Scrapbook, 1907-1908

10. Correspondence, 24 October 1910-4 September 1911, nd

172 Collection XVIII (Cont.)

Reel 66 (Cont.)

11. Resignation from Ladies' Waist and Dressmakers Union, Local 25, 11 April 1911 and 22 April 1911

12. Letters of Condolence to Bertha Howell Mailly, 5 September 1912-13 April 1913

173

COLLECTION XIX

ROSE PASTOR STOKES PAPERS, 1905-1933

Throughout the early 20th century, Rose Pastor Stokes was an extremely controversial and widely publicized socialist and communist. She was born to Jewish parents, Jacob and Anna Wieslander, on 18 July 1879 in Russian Poland. After her parents separation in 1882, her mother relocated in London's East Side and married a cigarmaker named Israel Pastor, whose surname Rose took. Rose attended the Bell Lane Free Sdlool for only two years and then assisted her mother in making satin bows for slippers.

In 1890, the Pastors came to America and settled in Cleveland, Ohio. Because of the economic plight of her family, Rose went to work in a cigar factory. In July 1901, Rose responded to an advertisement in the Jewish Daily News requesting information from factory workers. The newspaper not only published her story, but Rose was invited to become a regular contributor. After her family moved to New York City in 1903, Rose worked as an assistant to the editor of the Jewish Daily News. Her responsibilities in this position included writing an advice column to young women in the newspaper's English section, writing sketches and human interest features about the East Side of New York, and submitting short verses and editorials.

In July 1903, Rose was sent to interview James Graham Phelps Stokes, a wealthy resident of the University Settlement House. Impres sed by his dedication to socialism and reform, Rose became a close friend of Stokes and eventually the friendship turned to love. The couple married on 18 July 1905 and, after a European honeymoon, they rented an apartment near the University Settlement.

Although initially committed to settlement work, the Stokes' gradually turned their attention to socialist endeavors. In September 1905, James helped form the Intercollegiate Socialist Society, an organization dedicated to promoting the study of socialism among college students and faculty members. During the following year, James and Rose became members of the Socialist Party and worked diligently for various socialist activities and causes.

By 1912, James began to devote less of his time to socialism and more to research and writing. Rose, on the other hand, began to emerge as an effective socialist and labor leader. In May and June of 1912, Rose helped to lead a strike by the New York City restaurant and hotel workers and~ in the winter of 1913, she aided the New York garment workers in their bitter strike. During this period, Rose also began to devote considerable time to writiny proletarian plays and poetry. In 1916, she wrote The Women Who Wouldn't which was a play about the rise of a woman labor leader. Rose also contributed numerous poems and articles to such publications as The Masses, Independent, and Century.

175 Collection XIX (Cont.)

Rose's artistic accomplishments did not detract from her social crusades. Foremost among Rose's causes at this time was her campaign in 1915 and 1916 to overturn the conviction of a labor leader, Patrick Quinlan, who had been arrested for his participation in the Paterson silk workers strike. Eventually, Rose and her supporters were able to overturn Quinlan's conviction. Another cause which occupied a con siderable amount of Rose's time was the fight to distribute birth control information. While engaged in this campaign, Rose organized meetings for Margaret Sanger and Emma Goldman, both of whom were fre quently arrested for lecturing on contraception.

When the United States entered World War I in April 1917, Rose and James were among those who withdrew from the Socialist Party because of its anti-war position. For James the separation from the Socialist Party was permanent, but Rose changed her mind after the Russian Revo lution of 1917 and was readmitted to the party in February 1918. In March 1918, Rose was indicted under the Espionage Act for making the following statement to the Kansas City Women's Dining Club:

"No government which is for the profiteers can be also for the people, and I am for the people, while the government is for the profiteers."

On 1 June 1918, Rose was found guilty and sentenced to ten years in the Missouri State Penitentiary. In March 1920, an appeals court reversed her conviction and, in November 1921, the case was dismissed.

While her case was still pending in the courts, Rose became invol ved in the Socialist Party's "Left Wing Caucus" disputes. Obviously sympathetic with the left wing of the Michigan branch and the foreign language locals, Rose withdrew from the Socialist Party for the second time and became a founding member of the Communist Party. In 1922, Rose traveled to Moscow as an American delegate to the Fourth Congress of the Communist International. During these proceedings, Rose served as the reporter for the special Negro Commission. Upon her return to the United States, Rose was elected to serve on the Executive Committee of the newly formed Workers' Party. It was at this time that Rose adopted the pseudonym "Sasha".

Rose's marriage was jeopardized as a result of her activities with the communists. On 17 October 1925, James was granted an interlocutory decree of divorce, thus setting the two political opponents free to pursue their own careers. Two years later, Rose married Jerome Isaac Romaine (also known as Victor J. Jerome), a language teacher and an active communist. Following the marriage, Rose retained the name of Stokes and continued her controversial activities with the Communist Party. In 1930, Rose learned that she had cancer and thus retired to Westport, Cainecticut. Upon learning about Rose's physical condition, many of her communist friends raised funds to send her to Europe for medical treatment. While being treated for the disease in a Frankfurt am Main municipal hospital, Rose Pastor Stokes died on 20 June 1933.

176 Collection XIX (Cont.) The Rose Pastor Stokes Papers, 1905-1933, consist of 44 subject files and five sub-files pertaining to Stokes' public and personal life. The subject files in this collection were established by Rose Pastor Stokes when she was preparing to write her autobiography. All of the items have been left in their original order except where another file was considered more appropriate for an item. Each of the subject files have been assigned a frame number and each of the sub-files have been assigned the same frame number as its major file and an alpha betical designation (i.e. XIX:5a). A full citation for each of the subject files and sub-files can be found in the complete reel list for this collection.

This collection contains considerable correspondence in both the specific correspondence files and other subject files. The bulk of the correspondence was written from 1914 to 1918. In the Intercollegiate Socialist Society file (XIX:l), there are approximately 60 letters, including those from Harry W. Laidler, James Graham Phelps Stokes, and Rose Pastor Stokes. The subject file pertaining to birth control and the National Birth Control League (XIX:7) contains approximately 141 letters, many of which are from women asking for birth control information. Some of the principal correspondents in this file are Margaret Sanger, Ben Reitman, and Leonard D. Abbott.

There is correspondence in this collection relating to various members of the Stokes family (XIX:l3a-XIX:l3c). Included in these sub-files are letters from Rose Pastor Stokes; James Graham Phelps Stokes; Anna Pastor (her mother); Bernard, Cecil, and Maurice Pastor (her half-brothers); Lillian Pastor (her half-sister); Anson Phelps Stokes (her brother-in-law); Caroline Stokes; Helen Phelps Stokes (her sister-in-law); William Earl Dodge Stokes; and William Fletcher (Lillian Pastor's husband).

The largest quantity of correspondence in this collection is located in the general correspondence file and its sub-files (XIX:l5- XIX: 15g). The general correspondence is arranged in chronological order and contains letters from Eugene V. Debs, Max Eastman, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Kahlil Gibran, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Emma Goldman, Victor J. Jerome, Harry W. Laidler, Scott Nearing, Margaret Sanger, Upton Sinclair, Lincoln Steffens, Rose Strunsky, Horace Traubel, Anna Strunsky Walling, and William English Walling. Following the general correspondence are two sub-files of undated correspondence and undated and unidentified correspondence. The undated correspondence (XIX:l5a) is arranged in alphabetical order by the last name of the author of the letter. Some of the major correspondents in this sub-file include Harry w. Laidler, Walter Lippmann, Scott Nearing, Ida Rauh, Rose Strun sky, and Horace Traubel. 'Jhe undated and unidentified correspondence (XIX:l5b) contains only 15 letters. There are also separate corres pondence sub-files relating to such individuals as Olive Telford Dargan (XIX:l5d), Ann (Kaplan) Williams Feinberg (XIX:l5e), Lincoln Steffens and Daniel Kiefer (XIX:l5f), and J. Edward Morgan (XIX:l5g).

177 Collection XIX (Cont.)

Another significant amount of correspondence is located in the subject file and sub-files relating to the Patrick Quinlan case (XIX:22- XIX:22b). Some of the major correspondents in these files are Patrick Quinlan, Rose Pastor Stokes, Walter Lippmann, Morris Hillquit, and Elizabeth Gurley Flynn.

Among the writings of Rose Pastor Stokes in this collection are the following: a manuscript of a play jointly written by Rose Pastor Stokes and Alice Blache, entitled, Sha.ZZ the Parents Decide? (XIX:4); a few pages from Rose's autobiography (XIX:6); several short articles on the Patrick Quinlan case (XIX:22); two poems (XIX:23); three sketches about Russia based on Rose's observations as an American delegate to the Fourth Congress of the Communist International in Moscow (XIX:24); and a five page essay concerning prison conditions (XIX:42).

There are also 11 photographs contained in the Stokes Papers (XIX:6a). The photographs are arranged in chronological order and include both portraits of Rose Pastor Stokes and group photographs of prominent socialists. In the lower right-hand corner of each photograph is a number which corresponds with the description of that particular photograph in the complete reel list.

Virtually all of the subject files and sub-files in this collection include numerous newspaper clippings. The clippings are arranged in chronological crder within each file and sub-file. It should also be emphasized that the newspaper clippings always precede other items within each file and sub-file.

The only items which were not filmed in the Rose Pastor Stokes Papers were two newspaper clippings relating to woman's suffrage, two copyrighted publications concerning marriage, and one newspaper clip ping pertaining to lynching.

Reel 67 1. Intercollegiate Socialist Society, 1913-1924, nd

2. Hotel and Waiters Strike, 1912

3. Health, 17 June 1930-28 December 1932, nd

4. Manuscripts, nd

5. Miscellaneous, 1909-1933

Sa. Bills and Receipts, 1913-1918

6. Biography, 1905-1933, nd

178 Collection XIX (Cont.)

Reel 67 (Cont.)

6a. Photographs, 1904?-1916?, nd

1. John Martin's Camp at "Summerbrook" in the Adiron dacks, 1904? People are unidentified.

2. John Martin's Camp in the Adirondacks, Summer 1907. Man at the right is Upton Sinclair and the man in the center is J. G. P. Stokes.

3. Socialist convention in Baltimore, 1916? People are unidentified.

4. Rose Pastor Stokes, nd.

5. Rose Pastor Stokes, in her wedding dress, accompanied by members of the Stokes family, nd.

6. L-R: Bernard Pastor, LeRoy Scott, Miriam Finn Scott, Alexander Irvine, nd.

7. J. Alonzo King, Caritos Island, nd.

8. L-R: J. G. P. Stokes, unidentified, Rufus Weeks, Edward Slosson, unidentified, John Corbin?, Prof. W. Noyes, nd.

9. L-R: Unidentified, J. G. P. Stokes, John Corbin?, unidentified, Edward Slosson, Rufus Weeks, unidentified, nd.

10. Unidentified man, nd.

11. L-R: Henri LaFontaine, Mrs. LaFontaine, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Houghton Gilman, nd

7. Birth Control, 1913-1931, nd

8. Art, July 1913, nd

9. Politics, 16 March 1915-21 July 1924

10. Socialist Party, 1905-1918

11. Charity, 1913-1914

12. Humor, 1915

13a. Letters from Rose Pastor Stokes to J. G. P. Stokes, 26 April 1905-20 March 1918, nd

179 Collection XIX (Cont.)

Reel 67 (Cont.)

13b. Letters from J. G. P. Stokes to Rose Pastor Stokes, 9 February 1914-6 November 1924, nd

13c. Stokes Family, 1905-1915

14. Economics, 1914

15. Correspondence, General, 26 October 1905-[December 1915]

Reel 68 15. Correspondence, General, 1 January 1916-[1933]

15a. Correspondence, General, nd (Alphabetized)

15b. Correspondence, General, nd

15c. Telegrams, nd

15d. Letters from Olive Tilford Dargan, 16 April 1914-

[1924] I nd

15e. Letters from Rose Pastor Stokes to Ann (Kaplan) Williams, 8 May 1931-10 June 1933, nd

15f. Letters from Lincoln Steffens and Daniel Kiefer, 28 December 1919-23 February 1933, nd

15g. Correspondence with J. Edward Morgan, nd

16. Socialism, 1907-1924, nd

17. Industrial Workers of the World, 1913 and 1918

18. Unemployment, 1913-1915

19. Garment Workers' Strikes, 1907-1915, nd

20. Crime, 1913 and 1914, nd

21. Education, 1913

22. Patrick Quinlan-Defense, 1914-1916, nd

22a. William z. Foster, 1923-1924, nd

22b. Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, 1913-1918, nd

23. Poetry, 1912-1916, nd

24. Soviet Union, 1911-1922, nd

180 Collection XIX (Cont.)

Reel 68 (Cont.)

25. War, 1914-1917, nd

26. Prohibition, 1914 and 1916

27. Industrial Efficiency and Conditions, 1909-1914

28. Social Work, 1913

29. Revolution, 1914 and 1920

30. Religion, 1913-1916

31. Drama and Music, 1913-1920, nd

32. Woman's Independence, 1916-1924

33. Peace, 1916-1917, nd

34. Agitation, 1916 and 1924

35. Negroes, 1908

36. Children, 1914 and 1924

37. Publication, 1909-1931, nd

38. Resnikoff, 1916-1920, nd

39. Literature, 1913 and 1917

40. Child Labor, 1916

41. Upper Class, 1906, nd

42. Prison, 1912

43. Labor Conditions, 1913

44. Civics, 1917, nd

181

ISB!\' I 0-66 7-00572-2