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Red Mountain Flume–Chessman Reservoir

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Red Mountain Flume–Chessman Reservoir Biological Assessment for Terrestrial Wildlife Species DIVIDE TRAVEL PLAN Helena Ranger District Helena National Forest Prepared by: Brent Costain Wildlife Biologist, Helena National Forest July 2015 Contents SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 The Travel Plan .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Determination of Effects ........................................................................................................................... 1 Grizzly Bear ........................................................................................................................................... 2 Canada Lynx .......................................................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 5 Purpose and Authority .............................................................................................................................. 5 Consultation Requirements ...................................................................................................................... 5 Need for Re-Assessment Based on Changed Conditions .......................................................................... 5 Species included in the Assessment ......................................................................................................... 5 Methodology and Sources of Information ................................................................................................ 7 Field Data .............................................................................................................................................. 7 Grizzly Bear ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Lynx ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 THE AREA AND THE PLAN ........................................................................................................................... 10 The Divide Landscape and Travel Plan Area ........................................................................................... 10 The Landscape ..................................................................................................................................... 10 The Travel Plan Area ........................................................................................................................... 14 The Nature of the Road System .......................................................................................................... 14 The Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak: Implications for the Transportation System ........................... 18 The Divide Travel Plan ............................................................................................................................. 20 Action Areas ............................................................................................................................................ 24 SPECIES ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................................. 25 Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos) ...................................................................................................................... 25 Habitats, Populations, and Human Influences .................................................................................... 25 Management Guidance....................................................................................................................... 28 Grizzly Bear Status in the Divide Landscape and Travel Plan Area ..................................................... 31 Direct and Indirect Effects .................................................................................................................. 37 Cumulative Effects .............................................................................................................................. 46 Grizzly Bear: Summary and Determination of Effects........................................................................ 47 Recommendations for Removing, Avoiding, or Compensating for Adverse Effects .......................... 49 Canada Lynx (Lynx canadensis) ............................................................................................................... 50 Habitats, Populations, and and Human Influences ............................................................................. 50 Lynx Management............................................................................................................................... 53 Local Status ......................................................................................................................................... 59 Direct and Indirect Effects .................................................................................................................. 63 Cumulative Effects .............................................................................................................................. 73 Lynx: Summary and Determination of Effects ................................................................................... 73 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................................ 76 APPENDIX A ................................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 1 ACTION AREA ............................................................................................................................................ 1 SUMMARY OF HISTORIC ENTERPRISES THAT HAVE SHAPED THE CURRENT ENVIRONMENT .................. 2 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE: HISTORIC ACTIVITIES (PRIOR TO 1950) ..................................................... 4 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE: TIMBER PROJECTS SINCE 1950. ................................................................ 5 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE: ONGOING ACTIVITIES AND CIRCUMSTANCES IN THE ACTION AREA ........ 6 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE: SPECIFIC DECISIONS AND PROJECTS SINCE 2000. .................................. 12 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE: REASONABLY FORESEEABLE ACTIVITIES ................................................. 17 CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 18 SOURCES OF INFORMATION ................................................................................................................... 19 SUMMARY The Travel Plan The Divide Landscape covers 233,088 acres astride the Continental Divide on the Helena Ranger District (RD) of the Helena National Forest (NF) between the Lincoln Ranger District boundary to the north and the Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest boundary to the south. The Divide Travel Plan addresses travel management for motor vehicles on 177,713 of those acres within National Forest administrative boundaries. The Travel Plan Area excludes the Clancy-Unionville area in the southeastern part of the landscape and most of the upper Little Prickly Pear watershed at it the northern tip. These 2 areas have been covered by earlier travel planning efforts (Clancy-Unionville Vegetation Manipulation and Travel Management Project, 2003; Sound Wood Salvage Project, 1998). Currently, the Travel Plan Area supports 340 miles of Forest, County, and State roads open to public use via wheeled motor vehicles during all or part of the year; 35 miles of trails open to off-highway vehicles (OHVs); and 418 miles of groomed or regularly-used snowmobile trails. The Plan Area also includes 75 miles of active roads on private lands. Since 2003, State/Federal OHV regulations have barred wheeled motor vehicles from riding outside the road corridors and from pioneering new routes on public land. In addition, the Helena NF has closed approximately 34,755 acres to off-trail riding by snowmobiles. The new Travel Plan would reduce open Forest System roads by 156 miles, leaving a total of 184 miles of open Forest, County, and State roads in the Plan Area. Motor trails would increase from 35 to 62 miles (most of the increment coming from converted roads). Fall road and trail closures designed to provide big game security during the hunting season would now begin on September 1 rather than October 15 as at present. Snowmobile trails would decrease slightly to 403 miles and the current muddle of use designations would be clarified. The area off-limits to cross-country snowmobile riding would increase to 70,520 acres. An array of dispersed off-road camping sites would be specifically designated. Aside from these, off-route driving for camping would be allowed up to 70 feet on either side of open roads with the exception of sensitive areas (most often, the areas in and around wetland and riparian sites). Off-road driving for other
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