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The Archaeology of the Holly Site (Bcgw-58)

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The Archaeology of the Holly Site (Bcgw-58) The Archaeology of the Holly Site (BcGw-58) Stage 4 Salvage Excavation of the Holly Site, Dykstra Subdivision, Holly Secondary Planning Area (43T-92026), Part of the Northeast Half of Lot 2, Concession 12, City of Barrie, Simcoe County, Ontario Prepared for: Ontario Ministry of Culture 400 University Avenue, 4th Floor Toronto, Ontario M7A 2R9 Tel: (416) 314-7100 Archaeological Licence 1999-007 & 2000-016 (Williamson) MCL CIF 1999-007-168 & 2000-016-057 ASI File 94PG-03, 97PO-03 & 00PO-01 December 2009 The Archaeology of the Holly Site (BcGw-58) Stage 4 Salvage Excavation of the Holly Site, Dykstra Subdivision, Holly Secondary Planning Area (43T-92026), Part of the Northeast Half of Lot 2, Concession 12, City of Barrie, Simcoe County, Ontario EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Archaeological Services Inc. was retained by the Wellington Development (Holly) Corporation of Barrie, Ontario to conduct a Stage 4 archaeological mitigation of the Holly site (BcGw-58), located within the Holly Secondary Planning Area in the northeast corner of Lot 2 Concession 12, within the City of Barrie, Simcoe County, Ontario. The Stage 4 excavation was conducted under the project direction of Dr. Ronald Williamson and the field direction of Mr. Robert Pihl, Mr. Andrew Clish and Mr. David Robertson between 1998 and 2000 (MCL 1999-007-168 & 2000-016-057). The Stage 4 archaeological mitigation of the Holly site (BcGw-58) involved the removal of approximately 13,200 square metres of topsoil by mechanical means revealing a settlement pattern consisting of four longhouses, four smaller houses or special purpose structures as well as ten exterior activity areas. Three middens were identified and hand-excavated in one metre square units to sterile subsoil. A total of 45,507 artifacts was recovered from the 1998-2000 Stage 4 excavation of the site consisting of ceramics, flaked and ground stone artifacts, and floral and faunal remains. The analysis of the archaeological data suggests that the site is an early fourteenth century ancestral Wendat village that was also inhabited at some point in the village’s lifespan, by Algonquian people, who left a very distinctive record on the site. This report represents the fulfillment of our 1999-2000 licensing agreement with the Ontario Ministry of Culture and the statements contained on the CIFs 1999-007-168 & 2000-016-057 (Williamson). It is recommended, therefore, that the portion of Holly site (BcGw-58) on the subject property has been fully investigated. The Archaeology of the Holly Site (BcGw-58) Page ii ARCHAEOLOGICAL SERVICES INC. PLANNING DIVISION PROJECT PERSONNEL Project Director: Dr. Ronald F. Williamson, PhD Managing Partner and Chief Archaeologist Field Directors: Mr. Andrew Clish, BES Senior Archaeologist (P046) Mr. Rob Pihl, M.A. Partner and Senior Archaeologist (P057) Mr. David Robertson, MA Senior Archaeologist (P050) Field Archaeologists: Dr. Shaun Austin Ms. Irena Miklavcic Ms. Dana Campbell Dr. Stephen Monckton Mr. Alex Carruthers Dr. Rick Sutton Dr. Gabriel Cooney Ms. Debbie Steiss Ms. Kristine Crawford Ms. Sarah Swingler Ms. Lanna Crucefix Ms. Caroline Thérault Ms. Crystal Forrest Mr. Blake Walker Mr. Kevin Gibbs Ms. Keli Watson Mr. Peter Hamalainen Mr. Chris Watts Ms. Tracy Killip Ms. Kim Wide Mr. Andy Kovacs Dr. Bruce Welsh Report Preparation: Mr. Martin Cooper Ms. Irena Miklavcic Dr. Stephen Monckton, Biological Archaeological Research Dr. Suzanne Needs-Howarth, Perca Zooarchaeological Research Ms. Keli Watson Dr. Ronald F. Williamson Mr. Rob Wojtowicz Artifact Processing: Ms. Monicke Thibeault Ms. Keli Watson Artifact Photography: Ms. Irena Miklavcic Ms. Keli Watson Mr. Rob Wojtowicz Graphics: Mr. Andrew Clish Ms. Sarina Finlay Report Compilation and Editing: Ms. Andrea Carnevale Ms. Annie Veilleux Ms. Irena Miklavcic Dr. Ronald F. Williamson The Archaeology of the Holly Site (BcGw-58) Page iii TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................................. I PROJECT PERSONNEL ..................................................................................................................................................II 1.0 INTRODUCTION: THE EXCAVATION OF THE HOLLY SITE AND PREVIOUS REGIONAL RESEARCH BY IRENA MIKLAVCIC AND RONALD F. WILLIAMSON...................................................................................................1 1.1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................................1 1.2 PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS AT THE HOLLY SITE (BCGW-58) ....................................................................................2 1.3 THE 1998–2000 STAGE 4 SALVAGE EXCAVATION................................................................................................5 1.4 GEOGRAPHICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SETTINGS..........................................................................................................6 2.0 SETTLEMENT PATTERNS BY IRENA MIKLAVCIC AND RONALD F. WILLIAMSON...................................................................................................7 2.1 EXCAVATION AND RECORDING METHODS..............................................................................................................7 2.2 VILLAGE PLAN ..................................................................................................................................................7 2.3 SETTLEMENT PATTERN DESCRIPTION..................................................................................................................11 2.3.1 House 1 ..................................................................................................................................................11 2.3.2 House 2..................................................................................................................................................12 2.3.3 House 3..................................................................................................................................................16 2.2.3.1 Structure A....................................................................................................................................18 2.3.4 House 4..................................................................................................................................................18 2.3.5 House 5 and House 6 ............................................................................................................................22 2.3.6 House 7..................................................................................................................................................24 2.3.7 Midden 1, Midden 2 and Midden 3 ......................................................................................................24 2.3.8 Activity Areas (EA01–EA10) (Figure 3) ..................................................................................................26 3.0 CERAMIC ARTIFACT ANALYSIS BY ROBERT B. WOJTOWICZ .........................................................................................................................................54 3.1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................................54 3.2 CERAMIC VESSELS AND MISCELLANEOUS CERAMIC OBJECTS.................................................................................54 3.2.1 Analysis of Ceramic Vessels and Miscellaneous Ceramic Objects....................................................54 3.2.1.1 Vessel Rims ..................................................................................................................................54 3.2.1.2 Middleport Oblique......................................................................................................................61 3.2.1.3 Ontario Horizontal .......................................................................................................................64 3.2.1.4 Ontario Oblique............................................................................................................................65 3.2.1.5 Pound Neck ..................................................................................................................................67 3.2.1.6 Ripley Plain/Niagara Collared.....................................................................................................68 3.2.1.7 Iroquois Linear .............................................................................................................................68 3.2.1.8 Goessenes Punctate ....................................................................................................................69 3.2.1.9 Uren Dentate ................................................................................................................................69 3.2.1.10 Lawson Incised.............................................................................................................................70 3.2.1.11 Middleport Criss-Cross................................................................................................................71 3.2.1.12 Glen Meyer Necked......................................................................................................................72 3.2.1.13 Lawson Opposed .........................................................................................................................72
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