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А.И. Павлова Royal Traditions in Britain the Royal Family Is One Of

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А.И. Павлова Royal Traditions in Britain the Royal Family Is One Of стым для произношения и запоминания; создавать запоминающиеся ас- социации; вызывать доверие. Библиографический список 1. Алекс Френкель. Нейминг. Как игра в слова становятся бизнесом. М.: До- брая книга, 1999. 2. Г. Чармессон. Торговая марка: как создать имя, которое принесет миллио- ны. СПб: Питер, 1999. 3. http://avtorstva.ru/nejming/nejming-kompanii/ 4. Бернар Гали. Brand. Рождение имени. Энциклопедия. М.: Этерна, 2007. А.И. Павлова 10 кл., МБОУ гимназия № 103 г. Минеральные Воды науч. рук. Е.В. Кулакова Royal Traditions in Britain The Royal Family is one of the most signifi cant national symbols of the UK. The history of the English Crown is over a thousand years old. The role of the Monarchy in the state has changed during the long period of the his- tory. Now The Queen carries out a lot of traditional important tasks on behalf of the nation. She appoints the PM at the end of the election, summons and dissolves the Parliament, recognizes foreign states and governments, makes formal appointments to the most important offi ces of the state in the Armed Forces and churches, concludes treaties, confers peerages, knighthoods and other honours. But there are special royal occasions, taking place regularly each year. They are colourful and exciting events. The State Opening of Parliament is the most important event of the Par- liamentary year. The ceremony traditionally takes place in November or after a General Election. Before The Queen travels to Parliament from Bucking- ham Palace, certain traditional precautions are observed. A detachment of The Queen’s Body Guard of the Yeomen of the Guard searches the cellars of the Houses of Parliament. This tradition dates back to the Gunpowder Plot of 1605, when Guy Fawkes was arrested whilst preparing to blow up Parliament. Another tradition is the ‘hostage’ MP, a Government whip who is held at Buckingham Palace to guarantee the safe return of the monarch. The custom dates back to centuries when the monarch and Parliament were on less cordial terms. Once these precautions have been taken, The Queen trav- els from Buckingham Palace in a State coach to the Palace of Westminster, usually accompanied by The Duke of Edinburgh. The Imperial State Crown 130 travels in its own carriage, ahead of The Queen, escorted by Members of the Royal Household. On arrival, The Queen puts on the Imperial State Crown and her parliamentary robe. This takes place in the House of Lords. Then 250 representatives of the House of Commons are summoned by Black Rod, who acts as The Queen’s Messenger. By tradition, the door of the House of Com- mons is slammed in Black Rod’s face. It is then reopened to enable Black Rod to convey the Sovereign’s summons to the Speaker. This tradition is a re- minder of the right of the Commons to exclude everyone but the Sovereign’s messengers. No monarch has set foot in the Commons since Charles I entered the Commons and tried to arrest fi ve Members of Parliament in 1642. Specta- tors can view the procession to Parliament from Buckingham Palace in The Mall and Whitehall. The ceremony is also broadcast live on BBC television. Every night, for about 700 years, the Yeoman Warders, often called Beefeaters, have performed a gate-closing ritual known as the Ceremony of the Keys at the Tower of London. At exactly 21.52 the Chief Yeoman Warder of the Tower comes out of the Byward Tower, dressed in red, carrying a can- dle lantern in one hand and the Queen’s Keys in the other hand. He walks to Traitor’s Gate to meet members of the duty regiment Foot Guards who escort him throughout the ceremony. One soldier takes the lantern and they walk in step to the outer gate. All guards and sentries on duty salute the Queen’s Keys as they pass. The Warder locks the outer gate and they walk back to lock the oak gates of the Middle and Byward Towers. They then return along Water Lane towards the Wakefi eld Tower, where in the deep shadows of the Bloody Tower archway a sentry waits and watches. As the Chief Warder and escort approach, the sentry’s challenge rings out. “Halt!“ “Who comes there?“ “The Keys“ replies the Chief Warder. “Whose Keys?“ “Queen Elizabeth’s Keys.” “Pass Queen Elizabeth’s Keys. All’s well.” All four men walk to the Bloody Tower archway and up towards the broadwalk steps where the main Guard is drawn up. The Chief Yeoman Warder and escort halt at the foot of the steps and the offi cer in charge gives the command to the Guard and escort to present arms. The Chief Yeoman Warder moves two paces forward, raises his Tudor bonnet high in the air and calls “God preserve Queen Elizabeth.” The guard answers “Amen” exactly as the clock chimes 10pm and ‘The Duty Drummer’ sounds The Last Post on his bugle. The Chief Yeoman Warder takes the keys back to the Queen’s House and the Guard is dismissed. The ceremony has never been cancelled 131 and only delayed once when during WWII a bomb knocked a couple of ward- ers off their feet. The origin of the Waterloo Ceremony dates back to the early 19th century. In 1815, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, led the British army into battle against a formidable enemy – the French. The armies met at Waterloo, where Napoleon was defeated, bringing an end to nearly 23 years of war in Europe. The Duke of Wellington returned to England, victo- rious. Returning to an extremely grateful nation in 1817, the nation bought Stratfi eld Saye House in Hampshire in order to give it to The Duke of Wel- lington. The Duke’s original plans were to tear down the house and build a magnifi cent Waterloo Palace in its place, but when this turned out to be too expensive, he took up residence in Stratfi eld Saye House itself. The house has served as the home of all the subsequent Dukes of Wellington, and all but the 1st and 6th Dukes are buried on the estate. The current Duke is Arthur Valerian Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington. Every year, His Grace travels to Windsor Castle to pay the rent on Stratfi eld Saye House. However, this rent is purely symbolic, and no money actually changes hands. Instead, the Duke of Wellington presents The Queen with a French tricolour, to signify the victory over the French at Waterloo. The fl ag is made of silk, with gold embroidery, and a new one is made each year. The year in which it was used in the ceremony is printed on the corner of the fl ag in gold lettering. When The Duke of Wellington comes in Her Majesty’s pres- ence, he kneels before her and offers her the tricolour. She accepts his rent, upon which the fl ag is handed over to the Castle Superintendent, who takes it to the Guard Chamber. A marble bust of the 1st Duke of Wellington stands on a pedestal in this chamber, and the French tricolour is hung over it. The Duke of Wellington retires to his home for another year, his rent paid. Every year at Easter on Maundy Thursday Her Majesty presents special ‘Maundy money’ to local pensioners in a UK cathedral or abbey. Since the fi fteenth century, the number of Maundy coins handed out, and the number of people receiving the coins, has been related to the Sovereign’s age: for example, when The Queen was 60 years old, 60 women and 60 men would have received 60 pence-worth of Maundy coins. The Queen’s telegram is not a very old custom but it is for very old people. A British person on his or her one hundredth birthday gets a telegram from the Queen. So the British monarch plays a very important symbolic role. Nowadays Queen Elizabeth II is the symbol of the unity of the nation, historical tradi- tions and continuity. Members of the Royal Family support The Queen in her State and national duties. They carry out important work in the areas of public and charitable service and help to strengthen national unity and stabil- ity. Royal events and ceremonies are an integral part of The Queen’s role as the Head of State. 132 Библиографический список 1. URL: http://royalcentral.co.uk/ 2. URL: http://changing-guard.com/ceremony-of-the-keys.html 3. URL: http://projectbritain.com/royal.html 4. URL: http://www.royal.gov.uk 5. URL: http://eng-top.ru/reading/traditions-great-britain/royal-traditions.shtml А.Р. Панкратова 2 курс, Высшая школа словесности, европейских и восточных языков науч.рук. доц. С.В. Струценко BBC: пионер вещания Пожалуй, каждый хоть раз в жизни встречался с аббревиату- рой ВВС, в которой зашифровано три слова – British Broadcasting Corporation. Осмелюсь предположить, что у большинства людей, как и у меня, эти три буквы вызывают приятные ассоциации, связанные с про- смотром любимых телепередач и, без сомнения, самых качественных на нашей планете сериалов. Умение хорошо выполнять свою работу всегда вызывает уважение, и ВВС, по моему мнению, достойно его в высшей степени. Немногим известно, что ВВС является старейшей в мире ве- щательной компанией – в 2022 г. корпорация будет отмечать столетие своей деятельности. Я постараюсь коротко рассказать о ее долгой и за- мечательной истории. Эта история зарождается в начале прошлого века – в 1920 г. То, что было любительской радиостанцией, работающей за счет энтузиастов, становилось профессиональной радиовещательной компанией. Каждый день совершалась огромная творческая работа пионеров ВВС. Не огра- ниченные никакими рамками и стандартами, сотрудники эксперимен- тировали с эфиром и совершенствовали его.
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