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Nervous System Drugs Created by the Njardarson Group (The University of Arizona): Edon Vitaku, Elizabeth A. Ilardi, Daniel J. Mack, Monica A. Fallon, Erik B. Gerlach, Miyant’e Y. Newton, Angela N. Yazzie, Jack Siqueiros, Jón T. Njarðarson Cocaine Aspirin Caffeine Procaine Benzocaine Metharbital Oxycodone Disulfiram Morphine Ergotamine Hydromorphone Codeine Pemoline Amphetamine Thiopental Methadone Methadone Biperiden Thiopental D.H.E. Trimethadione Urecholine Cafergot ( Cocaine ) ( Aspirin ) ( Caffeine ) ( Procaine ) ( Benzocaine ) ( Metharbital ) ( Oxycodone ) ( Disulfiram ) ( Morphine ) ( Ergotamine ) ( Hydromorphone ) ( Codeine ) ( Pemoline ) ( Amphetamine ) ( Thiopental ) ( Methadone ) ( Methadone ) ( Biperiden ) ( Thiopental ) ( Dihydroergotamine ) ( Trimethadione ) ( Bethanechol ) ( Ergotamine & Caffeine ) ANESTHETIC ANALGESIC PSYCHOANALEPTIC ANESTHETIC ANESTHETIC ANTIEPILEPTIC ANALGESIC MISC. NERVOUS ANALGESIC ANALGESIC ANALGESIC ANALGESIC PSYCHOANALEPTIC PSYCHOANALEPTIC ANESTHETIC ANALGESIC MISC. NERVOUS ANTI-PARKINSON PSYCHOLEPTIC ANALGESIC ANTIEPILEPTIC MISC. NERVOUS ANALGESIC Approved 1880 Approved 1899 Approved 1900 Approved 1900 Approved 1902 Approved 1905 Approved 1916 Approved 1920 Approved 1920 Approved 1921 Approved 1926 Approved 1930 Approved 1930 Approved 1933 Approved 1934 Approved 1937 Approved 1937 Approved 1940 Approved 1940 Approved 1946 Approved 1947 Approved 1948 Approved 1948 Lidocaine Artane Anileridine Chlor-Trimeton Clonidine Ethchlorvynol Imipramine Morphine Percodan Paramethadione Secobarbital Apomorphine Phenacemide Phensuximide Cogentin Mysoline Ophthaine Acetaminophen Nesacaine Cinnarizine Miltown Methylphenidate Procyclidine ( Lidocaine ) ( Trihexyphenidyl ) ( Anileridine ) ( Chlorpheniramine & Pseudoephedrine ) ( Clonidine ) ( Ethchlorvynol ) ( Imipramine ) ( Morphine ) ( Oxycodone & Aspirin ) ( Paramethadione ) ( Secobarbital ) ( Apomorphine ) ( Phenacemide ) ( Phensuximide ) ( Benztropine ) ( Primidone ) ( Proparacaine ) ( Acetaminophen ) ( Chloroprocaine ) ( Cinnarizine ) ( Meprobamate ) ( Methylphenidate ) ( Procyclidine ) ANESTHETIC ANTI-PARKINSON ANESTHETIC ANALGESIC ANALGESIC PSYCHOLEPTIC PSYCHOANALEPTIC ANTI-PARKINSON ANALGESIC ANTIEPILEPTIC PSYCHOLEPTIC ANTI-PARKINSON ANTIEPILEPTIC ANTIEPILEPTIC ANTI-PARKINSON ANTIEPILEPTIC ANESTHETIC ANALGESIC ANESTHETIC MISC. NERVOUS PSYCHOLEPTIC PSYCHOANALEPTIC ANTI-PARKINSON Approved 1949 Approved 1949 Approved 1950 Approved 1950 Approved 1950 Approved 1950 Approved 1950 Approved 1950 Approved 1950 Approved 1950 Approved 1950 Approved 1951 Approved 1951 Approved 1953 Approved 1954 Approved 1954 Approved 1954 Approved 1955 Approved 1955 Approved 1955 Approved 1955 Approved 1955 Approved 1955 Mestinon Ambenonium Halothane Atarax Compazine Promazine Thorazine Disipal Trilafon Darvon Chlorprothixene Synalgos-DC-A Permitil Isocarboxazid Stelazine Soma Compound Librium Clomipramine Zarontin Fentanyl Carbc w/ Neo-Cob Mepivacaine Equagesic ( Pyridostigmine ) ( Ambenonium ) ( Halothane ) ( Hydroxyzine ) ( Prochlorperazine ) ( Promazine ) ( Chlorpromazine ) ( Orphenadrine ) ( Perphenazine ) ( Propoxyphene ) ( Chlorprothixene) ( Dihydrocodeine, Acetaminophen & Caffeine ) ( Fluphenazine ) ( Isocarboxazid ) ( Trifluoperazine ) ( Carisoprodol & Aspirin ) ( Chlordiazepoxide ) ( Clomipramine ) ( Ethosuximide ) ( Fentanyl ) ( Mepivacaine & Levonordefrin ) ( Mepivacaine ) ( Meprobamate & Aspirin ) MISC. NERVOUS MISC. NERVOUS ANESTHETIC PSYCHOLEPTIC PSYCHOLEPTIC PSYCHOLEPTIC PSYCHOLEPTIC ANTI-PARKINSON PSYCHOLEPTIC ANALGESIC PSYCHOLEPTIC ANALGESIC PSYCHOLEPTIC PSYCHOANALEPTIC PSYCHOLEPTIC ANALGESIC PSYCHOLEPTIC PSYCHOANALEPTIC ANTIEPILEPTIC ANESTHETIC ANESTHETIC ANESTHETIC ANALGESIC Approved 1955 Approved 1956 Approved 1956 Approved 1956 Approved 1956 Approved 1956 Approved 1957 Approved 1957 Approved 1957 Approved 1957 Approved 1958 Approved 1958 Approved 1959 Approved 1959 Approved 1959 Approved 1960 Approved 1960 Approved 1960 Approved 1960 Approved 1960 Approved 1960 Approved 1960 Approved 1960 Robaxisal Methohexital Methohexital Methoxyflurane Propiomazine Talbutal Elavil Nardil Parnate Methysergide Mellaril Valium Norpramin Aventyl Norgesic Triavil Citanest Forte Serax Prilocaine Enflurane Methyprylon Haldol Pentazocine ( Methocarbamol & Aspirin ) ( Methohexital ) ( Methohexital ) ( Methoxyflurane ) ( Propiomazine ) ( Talbutal ) ( Amitriptyline ) ( Phenelzine ) ( Tranylcypromine ) ( Methysergide ) ( Thioridazine ) ( Diazepam ) ( Desipramine ) ( Nortriptyline ) ( Orphenadrine, Aspirin & Caffeine ) ( Amitriptyline & Perphenazine ) ( Epinephrine & Prilocaine ) ( Oxazepam ) ( Prilocaine ) ( Enflurane ) ( Methyprylon ) ( Haloperidol ) ( Pentazocine ) ANALGESIC ANESTHETIC PSYCHOLEPTIC ANESTHETIC PSYCHOLEPTIC PSYCHOLEPTIC PSYCHOANALEPTIC PSYCHOANALEPTIC PSYCHOANALEPTIC ANALGESIC PSYCHOLEPTIC PSYCHOLEPTIC PSYCHOANALEPTIC PSYCHOANALEPTIC ANALGESIC PSYCHOLEPTIC ANESTHETIC PSYCHOLEPTIC ANESTHETIC ANESTHETIC PSYCHOLEPTIC PSYCHOLEPTIC ANALGESIC Approved 1960 Approved 1960 Approved 1960 Approved 1960 Approved 1960 Approved 1960 Approved 1961 Approved 1961 Approved 1961 Approved 1962 Approved 1962 Approved 1963 Approved 1964 Approved 1964 Approved 1964 Approved 1965 Approved 1965 Approved 1965 Approved 1965 Approved 1966 Approved 1966 Approved 1967 Approved 1967 Vivactyl Symmetrel Tegretol Ethotoin Sublimaze Mephenytoin Phenytoin SINEquan Acetophenazine Inapsine Dalmane Ketalar Larodopa Serentil Marcaine Tranxene Marcaine Darvocet-N Atropen Nembutal Ocusert Sinemet Klonopin ( Protriptyline ) ( Amantadine ) ( Carbamazepine ) ( Ethotoin ) ( Fentanyl ) ( Mephenytoin ) ( Phenytoin ) ( Doxepin ) ( Acetophenazine ) ( Droperidol ) ( Flurazepam ) ( Ketamine ) ( Levodopa ) ( Mesoridazine ) ( Bupivacaine ) ( Clorazepate ) ( Epinephrine & Bupivacaine ) ( Propoxyphene & Acetaminophen ) ( Atropine ) ( Pentobarbital ) ( Pilocarpine ) ( Carbidopa & Levodopa ) ( Clonazepam ) PSYCHOANALEPTIC ANTI-PARKINSON ANTIEPILEPTIC ANTIEPILEPTIC ANALGESIC ANTIEPILEPTIC ANTIEPILEPTIC PSYCHOANALEPTIC PSYCHOLEPTIC ANESTHETIC PSYCHOLEPTIC ANESTHETIC ANTI-PARKINSON PSYCHOLEPTIC ANESTHETIC PSYCHOLEPTIC ANESTHETIC ANALGESIC ANTI-PARKINSON PSYCHOLEPTIC MISC. NERVOUS ANTI-PARKINSON ANTIEPILEPTIC Approved 1967 Approved 1968 Approved 1968 Approved 1968 Approved 1968 Approved 1968 Approved 1968 Approved 1969 Approved 1970 Approved 1970 Approved 1970 Approved 1970 Approved 1970 Approved 1970 Approved 1972 Approved 1972 Approved 1972 Approved 1972 Approved 1973 Approved 1973 Approved 1974 Approved 1975 Approved 1975 Phenaph w/ Cod Loxitane Fiorinal Percocet Limbitrol DS Fluoxetine Ativan Parlodel Stadol Cod/Aspirin/APAP Lisuride Sulpiride Depakene Miostat Forane Minaprine Nubain Scopolamine Topiramate Surmontil Adinazolam Asendin Ludiomil ( Codeine & Acetaminophen ) ( Loxapine ) ( Butalbital, Aspirin & Caffeine ) ( Oxycodone & Acetaminophen ) ( Amitriptyline & Chlordiazepoxide ) ( Fluoxetine ) ( Lorazepam ) ( Bromocriptine ) ( Butorphanol ) ( Codeine, Acetaminophen & Aspirin ) ( Lisuride ) ( Sulpiride ) ( Valproic Acid ) ( Carbachol ) ( Isoflurane ) ( Minaprine ) ( Nalbuphine ) ( Scopolamine ) ( Topiramate ) ( Trimipramine ) ( Adinazolam ) ( Amoxapine ) ( Maprotiline ) ANALGESIC PSYCHOLEPTIC ANALGESIC ANALGESIC PSYCHOLEPTIC PSYCHOANALEPTIC PSYCHOLEPTIC ANTI-PARKINSON ANALGESIC ANALGESIC ANALGESIC PSYCHOLEPTIC ANTIEPILEPTIC MISC. NERVOUS ANESTHETIC PSYCHOANALEPTIC ANALGESIC PSYCHOLEPTIC ANTIEPILEPTIC PSYCHOANALEPTIC PSYCHOLEPTIC PSYCHOANALEPTIC PSYCHOANALEPTIC Approved 1975 Approved 1975 Approved 1976 Approved 1976 Approved 1977 Approved 1977 Approved 1977 Approved 1978 Approved 1978 Approved 1978 Approved 1978 Approved 1978 Approved 1978 Approved 1979 Approved 1979 Approved 1979 Approved 1979 Approved 1979 Approved 1979 Approved 1979 Approved 1980 Approved 1980 Approved 1980 Xanax Buprenex Dyclone Paxipam Restoril Dolobid Metixene Talwin NX Talacen Halcion Synalgos-DC Amidate Vicodin Damaso-P Triflupromazine Fioricet ReVia Orap Sufenta Wellbutrin Phrenilin Forte Lignospan Forte Versed ( Alprazolam ) ( Buprenorphine ) ( Dyclonine ) ( Halazepam ) ( Temazepam ) ( Diflunisal ) ( Metixene ) ( Naloxone & Pentazocine ) ( Pentazocine & Acetaminophen ) ( Triazolam ) ( Dihydrocodeine, Aspirin & Caffeine ) ( Etomidate ) ( Hydrocodone & Acetaminophen ) ( Hydrocodone & Aspirin ) ( Triflupromazine ) ( Butalbital, Acetaminophen & Caffeine ) ( Naltrexone ) ( Pimozide ) ( Sufentanil ) ( Bupropion ) ( Butalbital & Acetaminophen ) ( Epinephrine & Lidocaine ) ( Midazolam ) PSYCHOLEPTIC ANALGESIC ANESTHETIC PSYCHOLEPTIC PSYCHOLEPTIC ANALGESIC ANTI-PARKINSON ANALGESIC ANALGESIC PSYCHOLEPTIC ANALGESIC ANESTHETIC ANALGESIC ANALGESIC PSYCHOLEPTIC ANALGESIC MISC. NERVOUS PSYCHOLEPTIC ANESTHETIC MISC. NERVOUS ANALGESIC ANESTHETIC PSYCHOLEPTIC Approved 1981 Approved 1981 Approved 1981 Approved 1981 Approved 1981 Approved 1982 Approved 1982 Approved 1982 Approved 1982 Approved 1982 Approved 1983 Approved 1983 Approved 1983 Approved 1983 Approved 1983 Approved 1984 Approved 1984 Approved 1984 Approved 1984 Approved 1985 Approved 1985 Approved 1985 Approved 1985 Progabide Alfenta Buspar Droperidol Trazodone Zopiclone Tussicaps Drixoral Plus Permax Clozaril Dezocine Diprivan Advil C.S. Selegiline Fiorinal w/ Cod Prosom Moclobemide Remoxipride Zoloft Suprane EMLA Nicotine Paroxetine ( Progabide ) ( Alfentanil ) ( Buspirone ) ( Droperidol ) ( Trazodone ) ( Zopiclone ) ( Chlorpheniramine & Hydrocodone ) ( Dexbrompheniramine, Pseudoephedrine & Acetaminophen ) ( Pergolide ) ( Clozapine ) ( Dezocine ) ( Propofol ) ( Pseudoephedrine & Ibuprofen
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    Physician Guidelines: Drugs Metabolized by Cytochrome P450’s 1 2D6 Substrates Acetaminophen Captopril Dextroamphetamine Fluphenazine Methoxyphenamine Paroxetine Tacrine Ajmaline Carteolol Dextromethorphan Fluvoxamine Metoclopramide Perhexiline Tamoxifen Alprenolol Carvedilol Diazinon Galantamine Metoprolol Perphenazine Tamsulosin Amiflamine Cevimeline Dihydrocodeine Guanoxan Mexiletine Phenacetin Thioridazine Amitriptyline Chloropromazine Diltiazem Haloperidol Mianserin Phenformin Timolol Amphetamine Chlorpheniramine Diprafenone Hydrocodone Minaprine Procainamide Tolterodine Amprenavir Chlorpyrifos Dolasetron Ibogaine Mirtazapine Promethazine Tradodone Aprindine Cinnarizine Donepezil Iloperidone Nefazodone Propafenone Tramadol Aripiprazole Citalopram Doxepin Imipramine Nifedipine Propranolol Trimipramine Atomoxetine Clomipramine Encainide Indoramin Nisoldipine Quanoxan Tropisetron Benztropine Clozapine Ethylmorphine Lidocaine Norcodeine Quetiapine Venlafaxine Bisoprolol Codeine Ezlopitant Loratidine Nortriptyline Ranitidine Verapamil Brofaramine Debrisoquine Flecainide Maprotline olanzapine Remoxipride Zotepine Bufuralol Delavirdine Flunarizine Mequitazine Ondansetron Risperidone Zuclopenthixol Bunitrolol Desipramine Fluoxetine Methadone Oxycodone Sertraline Butylamphetamine Dexfenfluramine Fluperlapine Methamphetamine Parathion Sparteine 2D6 Inhibitors Ajmaline Chlorpromazine Diphenhydramine Indinavir Mibefradil Pimozide Terfenadine Amiodarone Cimetidine Doxorubicin Lasoprazole Moclobemide Quinidine Thioridazine Amitriptyline Cisapride
  • The In¯Uence of Medication on Erectile Function

    The In¯Uence of Medication on Erectile Function

    International Journal of Impotence Research (1997) 9, 17±26 ß 1997 Stockton Press All rights reserved 0955-9930/97 $12.00 The in¯uence of medication on erectile function W Meinhardt1, RF Kropman2, P Vermeij3, AAB Lycklama aÁ Nijeholt4 and J Zwartendijk4 1Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 2Department of Urology, Leyenburg Hospital, Leyweg 275, 2545 CH The Hague, The Netherlands; 3Pharmacy; and 4Department of Urology, Leiden University Hospital, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands Keywords: impotence; side-effect; antipsychotic; antihypertensive; physiology; erectile function Introduction stopped their antihypertensive treatment over a ®ve year period, because of side-effects on sexual function.5 In the drug registration procedures sexual Several physiological mechanisms are involved in function is not a major issue. This means that erectile function. A negative in¯uence of prescrip- knowledge of the problem is mainly dependent on tion-drugs on these mechanisms will not always case reports and the lists from side effect registries.6±8 come to the attention of the clinician, whereas a Another way of looking at the problem is drug causing priapism will rarely escape the atten- combining available data on mechanisms of action tion. of drugs with the knowledge of the physiological When erectile function is in¯uenced in a negative mechanisms involved in erectile function. The way compensation may occur. For example, age- advantage of this approach is that remedies may related penile sensory disorders may be compen- evolve from it. sated for by extra stimulation.1 Diminished in¯ux of In this paper we will discuss the subject in the blood will lead to a slower onset of the erection, but following order: may be accepted.
  • Classification of Medicinal Drugs and Driving: Co-Ordination and Synthesis Report

    Classification of Medicinal Drugs and Driving: Co-Ordination and Synthesis Report

    Project No. TREN-05-FP6TR-S07.61320-518404-DRUID DRUID Driving under the Influence of Drugs, Alcohol and Medicines Integrated Project 1.6. Sustainable Development, Global Change and Ecosystem 1.6.2: Sustainable Surface Transport 6th Framework Programme Deliverable 4.4.1 Classification of medicinal drugs and driving: Co-ordination and synthesis report. Due date of deliverable: 21.07.2011 Actual submission date: 21.07.2011 Revision date: 21.07.2011 Start date of project: 15.10.2006 Duration: 48 months Organisation name of lead contractor for this deliverable: UVA Revision 0.0 Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) Dissemination Level PU Public PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission x Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) DRUID 6th Framework Programme Deliverable D.4.4.1 Classification of medicinal drugs and driving: Co-ordination and synthesis report. Page 1 of 243 Classification of medicinal drugs and driving: Co-ordination and synthesis report. Authors Trinidad Gómez-Talegón, Inmaculada Fierro, M. Carmen Del Río, F. Javier Álvarez (UVa, University of Valladolid, Spain) Partners - Silvia Ravera, Susana Monteiro, Han de Gier (RUGPha, University of Groningen, the Netherlands) - Gertrude Van der Linden, Sara-Ann Legrand, Kristof Pil, Alain Verstraete (UGent, Ghent University, Belgium) - Michel Mallaret, Charles Mercier-Guyon, Isabelle Mercier-Guyon (UGren, University of Grenoble, Centre Regional de Pharmacovigilance, France) - Katerina Touliou (CERT-HIT, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Greece) - Michael Hei βing (BASt, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Germany).
  • NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Pharmacol Ther

    NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Pharmacol Ther

    NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Pharmacol Ther. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 August 1. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptPublished NIH-PA Author Manuscript in final edited NIH-PA Author Manuscript form as: Pharmacol Ther. 2009 August ; 123(2): 239±254. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.04.002. Ethnobotany as a Pharmacological Research Tool and Recent Developments in CNS-active Natural Products from Ethnobotanical Sources Will C. McClatcheya,*, Gail B. Mahadyb, Bradley C. Bennettc, Laura Shielsa, and Valentina Savod a Department of Botany, University of Hawaìi at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, U.S.A b Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, U.S.A c Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, U.S.A d Dipartimento di Biologia dì Roma Trè, Viale Marconi, 446, 00146, Rome, Italy Abstract The science of ethnobotany is reviewed in light of its multidisciplinary contributions to natural product research for the development of pharmaceuticals and pharmacological tools. Some of the issues reviewed involve ethical and cultural perspectives of healthcare and medicinal plants. While these are not usually part of the discussion of pharmacology, cultural concerns potentially provide both challenges and insight for field and laboratory researchers. Plant evolutionary issues are also considered as they relate to development of plant chemistry and accessing this through ethnobotanical methods. The discussion includes presentation of a range of CNS-active medicinal plants that have been recently examined in the field, laboratory and/or clinic. Each of these plants is used to illustrate one or more aspects about the valuable roles of ethnobotany in pharmacological research.