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ALICE Collaboration

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ALICE Collaboration Prospects for First Measurements with ALICE in Pb+Pb Collisions at the LHC LHC Alice Dedicated “general purpose” Heavy Ion experiment at LHC John Harris (Yale) for ALICE Collaboration INT Workshop, Seattle, Washington, May 25, 2010 Heavy Ions at the LHC • Determine Initial Conditions – What is the extent of shadowing, saturation, CGC? → sets the stage for particle production / dynamics • Expect different timescales, shorter interaction times, higher energy (T) compared to RHIC! Does system still equilibrate rapidly? Thermal model still apply? → T still ~ Tc (lattice QCD)? Does it flow? Elliptic Flow change? → v2 still saturated? More or less v2? pT dependence? Is the QGP still strongly- (or weakly-) coupled? Liquid? More like a gas? → No longer “nearly-perfect” fluid flow? viscosity? → Impact on energy loss!! • Understand parton energy loss! – What are the microscopic processes? → mass and flavor dependence? → use high pT jets & tag heavy quark jets • Understand response of the medium! Strongly interacting quarks and gluons → away-side response? → use punch-through & associated jet • Color screening of the medium! Deconfinement? (compare LQCD), initial T, other effects → J/ψ & Y states John Harris (Yale) for ALICE Collaboration INT Workshop, Seattle, Washington, May 25, 2010 ALICE Collaboration ~ 1000 Members (63% - CERN States) ~ 30 Countries ~ 100 Institutes Spain/Cuba Romania Japan Brazil South Africa Korea USA Italy China India Croatia Armenia Ukraine US ALICE – 13 Institutions Mexico 57 members (inc. 12+ grad. students) JINR Russia Cal. St. U. – San Luis Obispo, Chicago St. University, France Creighton University, University of Houston, Netherlands Lawrence Berkeley Nat. Lab, Lawrence Livermore Hungary Nat. Lab, Oak Ridge Nat. Lab, Ohio State University, UK Greece Germany Purdue University, University of Tennessee, Sweden Poland Finland University of Texas at Austin, Wayne State University, Norway CERN Slovak Rep. Denmark Yale University Czech Rep. John Harris (Yale) for ALICE Collaboration INT Workshop, Seattle, Washington, May 25, 2010 The ALICE Experiment Fully Installed & Commissioned – Hadron & µ Capabilities ITS, TPC, TOF, HMPID, MUONS, V0, T0, ZDC, ACORDE, TRIGGER, DAQ, HLT, DCS John Harris (Yale) for ALICE Collaboration INT Workshop, Seattle, Washington, May 25, 2010 The ALICE Experiment EM (e and γ ) Partial Capabilities - (now, after next installation in % below) TRD (40, 100%), PHOS (60, 80%) & EMCAL (40, 160 (inc. DCal) %) complete JohnJohn Harris Harris (Yale) (Yale for ALICE U.) Collaboration US LHCINT Workshop, User’s Seattle,Meeting, Washington, 24 October May 25, 2008 2010 Soft Physics in ALICE at the LHC LHC Heavy Ions in general – • expectations based on pQCD predictions & RHIC results • a lesson from RHIC – guided by theory + versatility + “expect the unexpected” Soft Physics (pT ≤ 2 GeV/c) with heavy ions at LHC – • Smooth extrapolation from SPS → RHIC → LHC? • ALICE to measure comprehensive set of observables to determine dynamics John Harris (Yale) for ALICE Collaboration INT Workshop, Seattle, Washington, May 25, 2010 ALICE Detectors & Acceptance central barrel -0.9 < η < 0.9 • ∆φ = 2π tracking, PID (TPC/ITS/ToF) • single arm RICH (HMPID) • single arm e.m. cal (PHOS) (charged particles) • electron id (TRD) • EM calorimeter arms (EMCal + DCal) forward muon arm -4 < η < -2.4 • absorber, 3 T-m dipole magnet 10 tracking + 4 trigger chambers µ arm multiplicity detectors -5.4 < η < 3 • including photon counting in PMD trigger & timing detectors • 6 Zero Degree Calorimeters • T0: ring of quartz window PMT's • V0: ring of scint. Paddles John Harris (Yale) for ALICE Collaboration INT Workshop, Seattle, Washington, May 25, 2010 Material Budget Cumulative mid-rapidity material budget for ALICE, ATLAS and CMS ALICE x/X0 (%) ATLAS x/X0 (%) CMS x/X0 (%) Beam pipe 0.26 Beam pipe 0.45 Beam pipe 0.23 Pixels (7.6 cm) 2.73 Pixels (12 cm) 4.45 Pixels (10.2 cm) 7.23 ITS (50 cm) 7.43 SCT (52 cm) 14.45 TIB (50 cm) 22.23 TPC (2.6 m) 13 TRT (1.07 m) 32.45 TOB (1.1 m) 35.23 Reconstruction and identification possible at low pT due to low material budgetB.Hippolyte Hot Quarks 2008 - Estes Park John Harris (Yale) for ALICE Collaboration INT Workshop, Seattle, Washington, May 25, 2010 ALICE Tracking Efficiencies, Momentum Resolutions Detector performance published in J. Phys.G32 (2006) 1295 Detector tracking efficiencies Detector momentum resolutions Central PbPb Cosmic ray data John Harris (Yale) for ALICE Collaboration INT Workshop, Seattle, Washington, May 25, 2010 Energy Loss (dE/dx) and PID in TPC dE/dx as shown by Federico < 6 % resolution measured in p + p separation power Expect ~6.5% resolution in central Pb+Pb to 50 GeV 5/25/2010 John Harris (Yale) for ALICE Collaboration INT Workshop, Seattle, Washington, May 25, 2010 Identified Particle Spectra Particle reconstruction and identification capabilities: a strength of ALICE Global tracking (ITS-TPC-TRD) & dE/dx (low pT + relativ. rise), TOF, HMPID, PHOS, EMCal Also invariant mass & topological reconstruction Acceptance / efficiency / reconstruction (ε) / contamination 7 9 pT range (PID or stat. limits) for 10 central PbPb and 10 min. bias pp For ~ 20 particle species for -1 < y < +1 and -4 < y < +2.5 π, K, p: 0.1- 0.15 to 50 GeV Weakly/strongly decaying particles/resonances to 10-15 GeV Mid-rapidity π PID in the K relativistic rise Pb-Pb p Pb-Pb + EMCal pT (GeV/c) John Harris (Yale) for ALICE Collaboration INT Workshop, Seattle, Washington, May 25, 2010 Centrality Determination in ALICE and 2010 Rates Event by event determination of centrality: Zero Degree Calorimeters (ZDC = ZP + ZN) + Z EM cal’s (ZEM) E(ZDC) , E(ZEM) Nspec Npart Impact parameter (b) LHC PbPb design: “Possibilities” for 2010 PbPb Run: 〈L〉 = 5 x 1026 cm-2s-1 〈L〉 ~ 1025 cm-2s-1, ~ 100 Hz, t ~106 s → ∫Ldt ~ 0.01 nb-1 → ~ 108 events John Harris (Yale) for ALICE Collaboration INT Workshop, Seattle, Washington, May 25, 2010 Soft Physics in ALICE Event Characterization (baseline, shadowing, CGC, …. ) • Multiplicity, centrality, transverse momentum and pseudo-rapidity distributions John Harris (Yale) for ALICE Collaboration INT Workshop, Seattle, Washington, May 25, 2010 Initial Conditions at the LHC N. Armesto, arXiv:0804.4158 LHC predictions: An overview LHC (dn/dy) (2600) Establish initial conditions at LHC Particle Multiplicities (1200) →Measure particle multiplicities shadowing, gluon saturation, CGC? establish the topology for particle production and dynamics at LHC! John Harris (Yale) for ALICE Collaboration INT Workshop, Seattle, Washington, May 25, 2010 Soft Physics in ALICE at the LHC Measure spectra & yields (vs centrality/multiplicity) with heavy ions Transverse Momentum (pT) Distributions Tracking in TPC + ITS 〈 pT 〉 versus Multiplicity Preliminary <pt> in 0.3 to 4 GeV <pt> versus multiplicity to tune Monte Carlo programs TPC pt spectrum (and watch for surprises ?) Preliminary John Harris (Yale) for ALICE Collaboration INT Workshop, Seattle, Washington, May 25, 2010 Soft Physics in ALICE Event Characterization (baseline, shadowing, CGC, …. ) • Multiplicity, centrality, transverse momentum and pseudo-rapidity distributions Bulk Properties of the Medium (T, µ, … ) • Particle ratios, hadronic resonances John Harris (Yale) for ALICE Collaboration INT Workshop, Seattle, Washington, May 25, 2010 Soft Physics – ALICE Performance Weak decay vertex reconstruction of strange particles 0 Λ → πp K s → ππ PDG: 497.6 MeV PDG: 1115.7 MeV 7 pT reach (with 10 events): 13 -15 GeV/c (φ, K, Λ) 8 -12 GeV/c (ρ, Ξ, Ω) ∼ ∼ John Harris (Yale) for ALICE Collaboration INT Workshop, Seattle, Washington, May 25, 2010 Soft Physics in ALICE at the LHC Measure particle spectra and yields with heavy ions at LHC • identified mesons, baryons and resonances • including flavor production (strangeness, charm and beauty) • Chemical freezeout temperature ~175 MeV? If not, we are completely wrong about interpretation of RHIC data! Twice initial T, still freezes out at Tcr? Had better! • T, µB and volume are only parameters – connected to QCD phase boundary B. Hippolyte et al. (ALICE) Eur. Phys. J. C49 (2007) 121. Equ. Non-Equ. John Harris (Yale) for ALICE Collaboration INT Workshop, Seattle, Washington, May 25, 2010 Soft Physics in ALICE Event Characterization (baseline, shadowing, CGC, …. ) • Multiplicity, centrality, transverse momentum and pseudo-rapidity distributions Bulk Properties of the Medium (T, µ, … ) • Particle ratios, hadronic resonances Chiral Symmetry Restoration? • Short-lived resonances & medium-modified masses Collision Dynamics (space-time evolution, transport properties) • Momentum correlations (HBT) • Collective Flow (radial, anisotropic) • Baryon number transport Fluctuations • Event-by-event – particles, momentum, … John Harris (Yale) for ALICE Collaboration INT Workshop, Seattle, Washington, May 25, 2010 Resonances (ρ, φ, K*, …) → Hadrons Short-lived resonances: • Time difference between chemical and kinetic freeze-out • In medium modifications of mass, width, comparison of hadronic and leptonic channels → partial chiral symmetry restoration? • Reconstruct invariant mass spectrum, subtract background (like-sign method). • Mass resolutions ~ 1.5 - 3 MeV. pT statistical limits: 8 (ρ) to 15 GeV/c (φ,K*) φ (1020) → K+K- ρ0(770) → π+π− 106 central Pb-Pb Mass resolution ~ 1.2 MeV K*(892)0 K π 15000 central Pb-Pb Invariant mass (GeV/c2) Invariant mass (GeV/c2) Mass resolution ~ 2-3 MeV Invariant mass (GeV/c2) John Harris (Yale) for ALICE Collaboration INT Workshop, Seattle, Washington, May 25, 2010 Resonances
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