A Concise History of Switzerland Free
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Switzerland1
YEARBOOK OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW - VOLUME 14, 2011 CORRESPONDENTS’ REPORTS SWITZERLAND1 Contents Multilateral Initiatives — Foreign Policy Priorities .................................................................. 1 Multilateral Initiatives — Human Security ................................................................................ 1 Multilateral Initiatives — Disarmament and Non-Proliferation ................................................ 2 Multilateral Initiatives — International Humanitarian Law ...................................................... 4 Multilateral Initiatives — Peace Support Operations ................................................................ 5 Multilateral Initiatives — International Criminal Law .............................................................. 6 Legislation — Implementation of the Rome Statute ................................................................. 6 Cases — International Crimes Trials (War Crimes, Crimes against Humanity, Genocide) .... 12 Cases — Extradition of Alleged War Criminal ....................................................................... 13 Multilateral Initiatives — Foreign Policy Priorities Swiss Federal Council, Foreign Policy Report (2011) <http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/doc/publi/ppol.html> Pursuant to the 2011 Foreign Policy Report, one of Switzerland’s objectives at institutional level in 2011 was the improvement of the working methods of the UN Security Council (SC). As a member of the UN ‘Small 5’ group, on 28 March 2012, the Swiss -
A Concise History of Switzerland Clive H
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19444-0 - A Concise History of Switzerland Clive H. Church and Randolph C. Head Frontmatter More information ACONCISEHISTORYOFSWITZERLAND Despite its position at the heart of Europe and its quintessentially European nature, Switzerland’s history is often overlooked within the English-speaking world. This comprehensive and engaging history of Switzerland traces the historical and cultural development of this fasci- nating but neglected European country from the end of the Dark Ages up to the present. The authors focus on the initial Confederacy of the Middle Ages; the religious divisions which threatened it after 1500 and its surprising survival amongst Europe’s monarchies; the turmoil fol- lowing the French Revolution and conquest, which continued until the Federal Constitution of 1848; the testing of the Swiss nation through the late nineteenth century and then two World Wars and the Depression of the 1930s; and the unparalleled economic and social growth and polit- ical success of the post-war era. The book concludes with a discussion of the contemporary challenges, often shared with neighbours, that shape the country today. CLIVE H. CHURCH is Emeritus Professor of European Studies at the University of Kent, Canterbury. He has also been a Fellow of the French CNRS, a Visiting Professor at the University of Sussex and a National Research Fund Fellow at the Universität Freiburg in Switzerland. His recent publications include Swiss Politics and Government (2004) and, as editor, Switzerland and the EU (2006). RANDOLPH C. HEAD is Professor of European History at the University of California Riverside. He has held fellowships from the Institute for Advanced Study, the American Philosophical Society and the Newberry Library. -
A Study of Early Anabaptism As Minority Religion in German Fiction
Heresy or Ideal Society? A Study of Early Anabaptism as Minority Religion in German Fiction DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Ursula Berit Jany Graduate Program in Germanic Languages and Literatures The Ohio State University 2013 Dissertation Committee: Professor Barbara Becker-Cantarino, Advisor Professor Katra A. Byram Professor Anna Grotans Copyright by Ursula Berit Jany 2013 Abstract Anabaptism, a radical reform movement originating during the sixteenth-century European Reformation, sought to attain discipleship to Christ by a separation from the religious and worldly powers of early modern society. In my critical reading of the movement’s representations in German fiction dating from the seventeenth to the twentieth century, I explore how authors have fictionalized the religious minority, its commitment to particular theological and ethical aspects, its separation from society, and its experience of persecution. As part of my analysis, I trace the early historical development of the group and take inventory of its chief characteristics to observe which of these aspects are selected for portrayal in fictional texts. Within this research framework, my study investigates which social and religious principles drawn from historical accounts and sources influence the minority’s image as an ideal society, on the one hand, and its stigmatization as a heretical and seditious sect, on the other. As a result of this analysis, my study reveals authors’ underlying programmatic aims and ideological convictions cloaked by their literary articulations of conflict-laden encounters between society and the religious minority. -
Die Aktuelle Ehediskussion in Der Schweiz Aus Reformiert-Kirchlicher Sicht
Wie viel Segen für welche Ehen? : Die aktuelle Ehediskussion in der Schweiz aus reformiert- kirchlicher Sicht Autor(en): Mathwig, Frank Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Theologische Zeitschrift Band (Jahr): 75 (2019) Heft 3 PDF erstellt am: 09.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-914113 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch -
Doing Business in Switzerland: 2014 Country Commercial Guide for U.S
Doing Business in Switzerland: 2014 Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FOREIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2012. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. Chapter 1: Doing Business In Switzerland Chapter 2: Political and Economic Environment Chapter 3: Selling U.S. Products and Services Chapter 4: Leading Sectors for U.S. Export and Investment Chapter 5: Trade Regulations, Customs and Standards Chapter 6: Investment Climate Chapter 7: Trade and Project Financing Chapter 8: Business Travel Chapter 9: Contacts, Market Research and Trade Events 1 Chapter 1: Doing Business in Switzerland Market Overview Market Challenges Market Opportunities Market Entry Strategy Market Overview Return to top Switzerland’s population of 8 million is affluent and cosmopolitan GDP of about USD 631 billion; growth forecast of 2.2% for 2014 In 2013 total exports from the U.S. to Switzerland amounted to USD 27 billion. U.S.-Swiss trade generally stable despite financial and economic crisis; World-class infrastructure, business-friendly legal and regulatory environment Highly educated, reliable, and flexible work force Consumer and producer of high-quality, value-added industrial/consumer goods Manufacturing sector is highly automated and efficient Strong market demand for U.S. components and production systems Strong demand for high quality products with competitive prices Highest per capita IT spending in the world Multilingual/multicultural European test market and -
Alliance 118A.Pmd
Alliance Auctions Incorporating Pottergate & Express Stamp Auctions Public & Postal Auction 118 Tuesday, April 1st 2008 at 7.30pm 1211 1106 1319 1541 1596 1008 1250 To be held at Alliance Auctions Bury Lodge Hotel Latchmore Bank Farmhouse, Bury Lodge Lane Little Hallingbury, Bishop’s Stortford, Stansted Airport Hertfordshire CM22 7PJ tel: 01279 758 854 • fax: 01279 758 859 Viewing 12 am - 7.15 pm www.allianceauctions.com e-mail: [email protected] 364 387 428 431 430 429 440 516 Ex 520 707 726 695 Ex 700 727 Ex 752 744 821 823 1029 1028 Ex 1037 1044 1064 1065 1048 Terms of Business Purchasers ■ The auction is conducted under the Philatelic Auctioneers Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale (1973 Revision). The placing of a bid is taken as full agreement to these. For Postal Bidders we will buy on your behalf at the lowest possible price, subject only to other bids received or reserves. Please do not bid below our house reserve of 80% of estimate, as these are unlikely to succeed. Please check your bids as we cannot accept the return of any lots bid on in error. All bids must be in £ Sterling. ■ Lots marked with an asterisk * are subject to additional VAT at the current rate. ■ There is a buyers premium of 12½% plus VAT. ■ In the absence of postal instructions, lots purchased inland will be sent by certificate of posting/recorded delivery (up to £30) or registered post (over £30). Lots sent overseas will he consigned by recorded or registered air mail post. Postage, packing and insurance costs shall, in all cases, be borne by the purchaser.There is a handling fee of £2 for packing & insurance, applied to each consignment. -
Swiss Neutrality
4th revised edition SWISS NEUTRALITY A brochure published by the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports (DDPS) in conjunction with the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA). SWISS 1 NEUTRALITY ELEMENTS OF NEUTRALITY The decisive factors governing our policy of neutrality are the national interest, the body of law on neutrality, the international situation as well as our tradition and history. • • • • Neutrality policy safe- guards the effective- The policy decisions of ness and credibility of every country are based neutrality. It is based on its own interests, its on law, on the interests tradition and its history. of the country, on the The international situa- international situation, and on its history and The law of neutrality tion has an influence on tradition. defines the rights and neutrality policy’s scope duties of a neutral state. for action. Switzerland’s scope was greatly restricted during the Second World War, for example. i The term “neutral” is derived from the Latin: “ne uter” – neither one nor the other. A power is neutral when it does not take sides in a war. Switzerland’s neutrality is self- determined, permanent and armed. SWISS 2 NEUTRALITY TRADITION Active neutrality Internal cohesion History not only taught Switzerland to keep out of In Switzerland, a country with several cultures, foreign conflicts, it also taught it the importance of languages and religions, neutrality has also always active solidarity. served to guarantee internal cohesion whereby the Switzerland‘s involvement here ranges from humani- principle of neutrality was also applied to conflicts tarian internment (example Bourbaki Army) to the within the Confederation. -
Wandel Der Schweizer Militärdoktrin Infolge Des Endes Des Kalten Krieges
PEACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE FRANKFURT Sabine Mannitz The Normative Construction of the Soldier in Switzerland: Constitutional Conditions and Public Political Discourse The Swiss Case PRIF- Research Paper No. I/9-2007 © PRIF & Sabine Mannitz 2007 Research Project „The Image of the Democratic Soldier: Tensions Between the Organisation of Armed Forces and the Principles of Democracy in European Comparison“ Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation 2006-2009 Contents Introduction 2 1. Historical Roots and Traditional Rationale of Conscription in Switzerland 3 2. The Swiss Militia System: How it Works 7 3. Post Cold-War Changes in the Constitutional Regulations and Task Allocations of the Swiss Armed Forces 11 4. The Swiss Format of Soldiering Contested 18 Final Remarks 25 References 27 Mannitz: German Case I/9-2007 2 Introduction In terms of its military system, Switzerland represents an odd case in present day comparison. At a time when more and more countries withdraw from maintaining conscription based armed forces, Switzerland continues to enforce compulsory military service for all male citizens. The maintenance of standing troops is prohibited in the constitution of the Swiss Federation. The military is organised in the fashion of a decentralised militia which is mobilised only for training. The militia systems shapes a mass reserve corps of a ‘nation in arms’ that is supplemented by a small number of professionals for stand-by, for the Swiss participation in out-of-area missions, and – foremost – for the instruction of the conscripts. Also in terms of its membership in international organisations and in defence communities in particular, Switzerland follows a distinct policy: The Swiss defence concept is tied to a foreign policy of neutrality, and the country is therefore keeping an isolationist profile in all of those international organisations that aim at collaboration in their foreign policies. -
ENGLISH Only Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport DDPS
The OSCE Secretariat bears no responsibility for the content of this document FSC.EMI/75/20 and circulates it without altering its content. The distribution by OSCE 15 April 2020 Conference Services of this document is without prejudice to OSCE decisions, as set out in documents agreed by OSCE participating States. ENGLISH only Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport DDPS Swiss Armed Forces Armed Forces Staff AFS Information Exchange on the Code of Conduct on Politico-Military Aspects of Security FSC.DEC 2/09 1 April 2009 (Substantial updates of information relating to the Annual Exchange 2019 are in bold and italics) Switzerland 15 April 2020 Switzerland Information Exchange on the Code of Conduct 2020 This page is intentionally blank 2 of 48 Switzerland Information Exchange on the Code of Conduct 2020 QUESTIONNAIRE ON THE CODE OF CONDUCT ON POLITICO- MILITARY ASPECTS OF SECURITY Section I: Inter-State elements 1. Account of measures to prevent and combat terrorism 1.1 To which agreements and arrangements (universal, regional, sub regional and bilateral) related to preventing and combating terrorism is your State a party? United Nations 1. Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft signed in Tokyo on 14 September 1963. This convention was signed by Switzerland on 31 October 1969, was ratified on 21 December 1970 and entered into force for Switzerland on 21 March 1971 (SR 0.748.710.11). 2. Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft signed in The Hague on 16 December 1970. This convention was signed by Switzerland on 16 December 1970, was ratified on 14 September 1971 and entered into force for Switzerland on 14 October 1971 (SR 0.748.710.2). -
Defence Future Technologies What We See on the Horizon
Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft Federal Department of Defence, Confédération suisse Civil Protection and Sport DDPS Confederazione Svizzera armasuisse Confederaziun svizra Science and Technology S+T Defence Future Technologies What we see on the horizon Under the supervision of Dr. Quentin Ladetto November 2017 Contents/Publishing details Thun-Nord Exit Yellow signpost „KASERNE AMP“ Sience + Technology (General Herzog Haus) Roundabout Yellow signpost „Truppe Betriebe“ Bus No. 4 from main rail station (Hauptbahnhof) to Lerchenfeld, alight at „Waldeck“ bus stop Yellow signpost „Truppe Betriebe“ Thun-Süd Exit Contact Research Program Manager Dr. Quentin Ladetto; Tel. +41 58 468 28 09 [email protected] www.sicherheitsforschung.ch Issued by: armasuisse, Science and Technology, Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun Edited by: Research Management and Operations Research, tel. +41 58 468 29 11, www.armasuisse.ch/wt Reproduction: only with the editor‘s permission - © armasuisse ISBN: 978-3-9524890-0-0 2 3 Editorial „If a man takes no thought about what is distant, he will find sorrow near at hand.“ Confucius (551 B.C. – 479 B.C) Dear Reader, If technology is not the only driver in the evolution of warfare, it can be considered for sure as an enabler, not to say the trigger, of most of the changes that occur at the turning point between generations. We, at armasuisse S+T, test and evaluate the operational readiness, functionality and effectiveness as well as the security requirements of current and future systems of the Swiss Armed Forces. We do our best to enable our customers to take conscious technology decisions, minimize investment risks, and keep informed on future technologies. -
The Consistory and Social Discipline in Calvin's Geneva
University of Mississippi eGrove Liberal Arts Faculty Books Liberal Arts 10-20-2020 The Consistory and Social Discipline in Calvin's Geneva Jeffrey R. Watt University of Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/libarts_book Part of the European History Commons Recommended Citation Watt, Jeffrey R., "The Consistory and Social Discipline in Calvin's Geneva" (2020). Liberal Arts Faculty Books. 225. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/libarts_book/225 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Liberal Arts at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Liberal Arts Faculty Books by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ’ James B. Collins, Professor of History, Georgetown University Mack P. Holt, Professor of History, George Mason University The Scourge of Demons: Pragmatic Toleration: Possession, Lust, and Witchcra in a The Politics of Religious Heterodoxy in Seventeenth-Century Italian Convent Early Reformation Antwerp, – Jerey R. Watt Victoria Christman Expansion and Crisis in Louis XIV’s Violence and Honor in France: Franche-Comté and Prerevolutionary Périgord Absolute Monarchy, – Steven G. Reinhardt Darryl Dee State Formation in Early Modern Noble Strategies in an Early Modern Alsace, – Small State: The Mahuet of Lorraine Stephen A. Lazer Charles T. Lipp Consuls and Captives: Louis XIV’s Assault on Privilege: Dutch-North African Diplomacy in the Nicolas Desmaretz and the Early Modern Mediterranean Tax on Wealth Erica Heinsen-Roach Gary B. McCollim Gunpowder, Masculinity, and Warfare A Show of Hands for the Republic: in German Texts, – Opinion, Information, and Repression Patrick Brugh in Eighteenth-Century Rural France Jill Maciak Walshaw A complete list of titles in the Changing Perspectives on Early Modern Europe series may be found on our website, www.urpress.com. -
Switzerland from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Pag. 1 a 30 HB - Switzerland From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Swiss Confederation • Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft (German) • Confédération suisse (French) • Confederazione Svizzera (Italian) • Confederaziun svizra (Romansh) • Confoederatio Helvetica (Latin) Flag Coat of arms Motto: (traditional) "Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno" (Latin) "One for all, all for one" Location of Switzerland (green) in Europe (green & dark grey) HB Description, assembled by HB9OCR Marco, USKA Traffic Manager, October 2019 Pag. 2 a 30 Capital None (de jure) Bern (de facto)[note 1][1][2] 46°57′N 7°27′E Largest city Zürich Official languages German French Italian Romansh Government Federal semi-direct democracy under a multiparty parliamentary directorial republic Legislature Federal Assembly • Upper house Council of States • Lower house National Council History • Foundation date c. 1300[note 2] (traditionally 1 August 1291) • Peace of Westphalia 24 October 1648 • Restoration 7 August 1815 • Federal state 12 September 1848[note 3][3] Area • Total 41,285 km2 (15,940 sq mi) (132nd) • Water (%) 4.2 Population • 2019 estimate 8,570,146[4] (99th) • 2015 census 8,327,126[5] • Density 207/km2 (536.1/sq mi) (48th) Currency Swiss franc (CHF) Time zone UTC+1 (CET) • Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST) Date format dd.mm.yyyy (AD) Driving side right Calling code +41 ISO 3166 code CH Internet TLD .ch, .swiss HB Description, assembled by HB9OCR Marco, USKA Traffic Manager, October 2019 Pag. 3 a 30 Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state situated in the confluence of western, central, and southern Europe.[9][note 4] It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities seated in Bern.[1][2][note 1] Switzerland is a landlocked country bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.