A Concise History of Switzerland by Clive H. Church
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Switzerland in the Second World War
To Our American Friends: Switzerland in the Second World War By Dr. Hans J. Halbheer, CBE Honorary Secretary of the American Swiss Foundation Advisory Council in Switzerland and a Visiting Scholar at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, California Dr. Halbheer wrote the following essay in 1999 to offer a Swiss perspective on some issues of the recent controversy to American friends of Switzerland. In addressing the arguments raised by U.S. critics of the role of Switzerland during the Second World War, I am motivated both by my feelings of friendship towards America and by my Swiss patriotism. For both of these reasons, I feel deeply hurt by both the charges against my country and the vehemence with which they have been expressed. During a recent period of residency at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, one of the leading U.S. think tanks, I sought to present my personal standpoint regarding the lack of understanding about Switzerland’s role during the Second World War in many discussions with Americans both young and old. On these occasions, I emphasized my awareness of the fact that the criticisms of Switzerland came only from a small number of Americans. Despite the settlement reached in August 1998 between the two major Swiss banks (Credit Suisse Group and UBS) and two Jewish organizations (the World Jewish Congress and the World Jewish Restitution Organization), the matter has still not run its course, although it has widely disappeared from the American media. Unfortunately, I must maintain that as a result of the generally negative portrayal of Switzerland over the past few years, the image of Switzerland has suffered. -
INTRODUCTION 1. Charles Esdaile, the Wars of Napoleon (New York, 1995), Ix; Philip Dwyer, “Preface,” Napoleon and Europe, E
Notes INTRODUCTION 1. Charles Esdaile, The Wars of Napoleon (New York, 1995), ix; Philip Dwyer, “Preface,” Napoleon and Europe, ed. Philip Dwyer (London, 2001), ix. 2. Michael Broers, Europe under Napoleon, 1799–1815 (London, 1996), 3. 3. An exception to the Franco-centric bibliography in English prior to the last decade is Owen Connelly, Napoleon’s Satellite Kingdoms (New York, 1965). Connelly discusses the developments in five satellite kingdoms: Italy, Naples, Holland, Westphalia, and Spain. Two other important works that appeared before 1990, which explore the internal developments in two countries during the Napoleonic period, are Gabriel Lovett, Napoleon and the Birth of Modern Spain (New York, 1965) and Simon Schama, Patriots and Liberators: Revolution in the Netherlands, 1780–1813 (London, 1977). 4. Stuart Woolf, Napoleon’s Integration of Europe (London and New York, 1991), 8–13. 5. Geoffrey Ellis, “The Nature of Napoleonic Imperialism,” Napoleon and Europe, ed. Philip Dwyer (London, 2001), 102–5; Broers, Europe under Napoleon, passim. 1 THE FORMATION OF THE NAPOLEONIC EMPIRE 1. Geoffrey Ellis, “The Nature of Napoleonic Imperialism,” Napoleon and Europe, ed. Philip Dwyer (London, 2001), 105. 2. Martyn Lyons, Napoleon Bonaparte and the Legacy of the French Revolution (New York, 1994), 43. 3. Ellis, “The Nature,” 104–5. 4. On the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars and international relations, see Tim Blanning, The French Revolutionary Wars, 1787–1802 (London, 1996); David Chandler, The Campaigns of Napoleon: the Mind and Method of History’s Greatest Soldier (London, 1966); Owen Connelly, Blundering to Glory: Napoleon’s Military 212 Notes 213 Campaigns (Wilmington, DE, 1987); J. -
Switzerland1
YEARBOOK OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW - VOLUME 14, 2011 CORRESPONDENTS’ REPORTS SWITZERLAND1 Contents Multilateral Initiatives — Foreign Policy Priorities .................................................................. 1 Multilateral Initiatives — Human Security ................................................................................ 1 Multilateral Initiatives — Disarmament and Non-Proliferation ................................................ 2 Multilateral Initiatives — International Humanitarian Law ...................................................... 4 Multilateral Initiatives — Peace Support Operations ................................................................ 5 Multilateral Initiatives — International Criminal Law .............................................................. 6 Legislation — Implementation of the Rome Statute ................................................................. 6 Cases — International Crimes Trials (War Crimes, Crimes against Humanity, Genocide) .... 12 Cases — Extradition of Alleged War Criminal ....................................................................... 13 Multilateral Initiatives — Foreign Policy Priorities Swiss Federal Council, Foreign Policy Report (2011) <http://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/home/doc/publi/ppol.html> Pursuant to the 2011 Foreign Policy Report, one of Switzerland’s objectives at institutional level in 2011 was the improvement of the working methods of the UN Security Council (SC). As a member of the UN ‘Small 5’ group, on 28 March 2012, the Swiss -
Activity #1, Overture to William Tell
STUDENT ACTIVITIES Student Activities – Activity #1, Overture to William Tell William Tell is an opera written by the composer Gioachino Rossini. This famous piece is based upon the legend of William Tell and has been used in cartoons, movies, and even commercials! Listen to the Overture to William Tell and see if you recognize it! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YIbYCOiETx0 Read the Legend of William Tell. This was Rossini’s inspiration for writing the opera! THE LEGEND OF WILLIAM TELL William Tell is a Swiss folk hero. As the legend goes, William Tell was known as a mighty man who was an expert with the crossbow. After refusing to pay homage to the Austrian emperor, Tell was arrested and the emperor deemed that William and his son Walter be executed. However, the emperor would let them go free if William was able to shoot an apple off the head of his son! Walter nervously stood against a tree and an apple was placed upon his head. William successfully shot the apple from 50 steps away in front of a crowd of onlookers! William Tell and his never ending fight for liberty helped start the rebellion against the emperor and other tyrants as well. FWPHIL.ORG 1 STUDENT ACTIVITIES Activity #1, Overture to William Tell Listen to the musical excerpt again and answer the 5. Although there are no horses in the following questions. Rossini opera, this music was used as the theme song for “The Lone Ranger” 1. Do you recognize the overture to William Tell? as he rode his galloping horse! It has however, been used in commercials and even cartoons! Where else have you heard this piece? Explain. -
The Legend of William Tell the Choice
Lexia® PowerUp Literacy® Title Comprehension Passages The Legend of William Tell The Choice LEVEL 8, ACTIVITY 4 The Legend of William Tell [1] Long ago, the people of Switzerland did not rule themselves. Instead, they were forced to obey officials from the powerful Austrian empire. One official was a man named Gessler, and he was especially proud and cruel. Gessler put up a pole in the town square and set his hat on its top. He told his soldiers, “Guard this pole! Make sure that everyone who comes near bows to my hat. These people must show respect to my power. If they refuse, arrest them!” [2] The people were too frightened of Gessler and his brutal soldiers to even think of disobeying. All of them bowed to the hat—all but one. William Tell, known as the best hunter in the region, glanced up at the hat, gave a disgusted snort, and walked right by. The soldiers arrested him and brought him to Gessler. [3] Gessler narrowed his eyes as he looked at Tell, who stood tall with a green cap on his head. “I have heard of you,” Gessler said. “You have a reputation for being good with a crossbow.” “I have some skill,” replied Tell, a slight smile on his face. “Then I will put you to the test,” Gessler said, chuckling. “Your son will stand in the town square with an apple on his head. You must stand at 20 strides and shoot an arrow into the apple. If you succeed, you will go free.” [4] “And if I refuse?” asked Tell. -
Switzerland – a ‘Peasant State’?
Chapter 9 Switzerland – A ‘Peasant State’? Stefan Sonderegger It is hardly possible to better describe the ground on which Swiss historical tradition is built than with this history painting from the nineteenth century. One hugely determined and fearless man – Uli Rotach – fights alone against vastly superior numbers of well-armoured warriors. He is wearing peasant dress from the nineteenth century,1 symbolizing the confederate peasants who, according to the national historiography of the nineteenth century, were supposed to have liberated themselves in glorious battles during the Middle Ages from the yoke of aristocratic oppression. Peasant heroes like William Tell and the depicted Uli Rotach contribute to medieval Switzerland often being seen as an exemplar of a ‘peasant state’. For instance, under the heading ‘peasant states’ in the Lexikon des Mittelalters (Encyclopaedia of the Middle Ages), you can read that the lack of a centralized ducal power in particular in the southwest of the Empire in the thirteenth cen- tury had led to the unfolding of the confederate peasant movement. The alliance of the Swiss cantons of the valleys in 1291 had been a direct result, be- hind which the free peasants, encouraged by the local aristocracy, were the prime moving force.2 Both from a Swiss perspective and in the perception from across the borders, there is a noticeable tendency to glorify the history of the Confederacy, combining it sweepingly with concepts of peasants and free- dom and seeing Switzerland as representing ‘a lucky case’ in Europe.3 The Old Swiss Confederacy is equated with ‘peasant associations’ and a ‘peasant state’, as well as a ‘peasant populace’ or ‘mountain people’, and the inhabitants of the Swiss Länderorte (Uri, Schwyz, Ob- and Nidwalden, Glarus, and Appenzell) are called ‘self-governing rural producers’.4 The national historiography in 1 Heinrich Thommen, ‘Uli Rotach im Kampf gegen zwölf Feinde. -
A Concise History of Switzerland Clive H
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-19444-0 - A Concise History of Switzerland Clive H. Church and Randolph C. Head Frontmatter More information ACONCISEHISTORYOFSWITZERLAND Despite its position at the heart of Europe and its quintessentially European nature, Switzerland’s history is often overlooked within the English-speaking world. This comprehensive and engaging history of Switzerland traces the historical and cultural development of this fasci- nating but neglected European country from the end of the Dark Ages up to the present. The authors focus on the initial Confederacy of the Middle Ages; the religious divisions which threatened it after 1500 and its surprising survival amongst Europe’s monarchies; the turmoil fol- lowing the French Revolution and conquest, which continued until the Federal Constitution of 1848; the testing of the Swiss nation through the late nineteenth century and then two World Wars and the Depression of the 1930s; and the unparalleled economic and social growth and polit- ical success of the post-war era. The book concludes with a discussion of the contemporary challenges, often shared with neighbours, that shape the country today. CLIVE H. CHURCH is Emeritus Professor of European Studies at the University of Kent, Canterbury. He has also been a Fellow of the French CNRS, a Visiting Professor at the University of Sussex and a National Research Fund Fellow at the Universität Freiburg in Switzerland. His recent publications include Swiss Politics and Government (2004) and, as editor, Switzerland and the EU (2006). RANDOLPH C. HEAD is Professor of European History at the University of California Riverside. He has held fellowships from the Institute for Advanced Study, the American Philosophical Society and the Newberry Library. -
A Study of Early Anabaptism As Minority Religion in German Fiction
Heresy or Ideal Society? A Study of Early Anabaptism as Minority Religion in German Fiction DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Ursula Berit Jany Graduate Program in Germanic Languages and Literatures The Ohio State University 2013 Dissertation Committee: Professor Barbara Becker-Cantarino, Advisor Professor Katra A. Byram Professor Anna Grotans Copyright by Ursula Berit Jany 2013 Abstract Anabaptism, a radical reform movement originating during the sixteenth-century European Reformation, sought to attain discipleship to Christ by a separation from the religious and worldly powers of early modern society. In my critical reading of the movement’s representations in German fiction dating from the seventeenth to the twentieth century, I explore how authors have fictionalized the religious minority, its commitment to particular theological and ethical aspects, its separation from society, and its experience of persecution. As part of my analysis, I trace the early historical development of the group and take inventory of its chief characteristics to observe which of these aspects are selected for portrayal in fictional texts. Within this research framework, my study investigates which social and religious principles drawn from historical accounts and sources influence the minority’s image as an ideal society, on the one hand, and its stigmatization as a heretical and seditious sect, on the other. As a result of this analysis, my study reveals authors’ underlying programmatic aims and ideological convictions cloaked by their literary articulations of conflict-laden encounters between society and the religious minority. -
Die Aktuelle Ehediskussion in Der Schweiz Aus Reformiert-Kirchlicher Sicht
Wie viel Segen für welche Ehen? : Die aktuelle Ehediskussion in der Schweiz aus reformiert- kirchlicher Sicht Autor(en): Mathwig, Frank Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Theologische Zeitschrift Band (Jahr): 75 (2019) Heft 3 PDF erstellt am: 09.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-914113 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch -
Doing Business in Switzerland: 2014 Country Commercial Guide for U.S
Doing Business in Switzerland: 2014 Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT, U.S. & FOREIGN COMMERCIAL SERVICE AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2012. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES. Chapter 1: Doing Business In Switzerland Chapter 2: Political and Economic Environment Chapter 3: Selling U.S. Products and Services Chapter 4: Leading Sectors for U.S. Export and Investment Chapter 5: Trade Regulations, Customs and Standards Chapter 6: Investment Climate Chapter 7: Trade and Project Financing Chapter 8: Business Travel Chapter 9: Contacts, Market Research and Trade Events 1 Chapter 1: Doing Business in Switzerland Market Overview Market Challenges Market Opportunities Market Entry Strategy Market Overview Return to top Switzerland’s population of 8 million is affluent and cosmopolitan GDP of about USD 631 billion; growth forecast of 2.2% for 2014 In 2013 total exports from the U.S. to Switzerland amounted to USD 27 billion. U.S.-Swiss trade generally stable despite financial and economic crisis; World-class infrastructure, business-friendly legal and regulatory environment Highly educated, reliable, and flexible work force Consumer and producer of high-quality, value-added industrial/consumer goods Manufacturing sector is highly automated and efficient Strong market demand for U.S. components and production systems Strong demand for high quality products with competitive prices Highest per capita IT spending in the world Multilingual/multicultural European test market and -
Linguistic Differences in Swiss Cantons and Its Role on the National Identity
SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Spring 2020 Linguistic Differences in Swiss cantons and its role on the national identity Karen Lin SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Anthropological Linguistics and Sociolinguistics Commons, Civic and Community Engagement Commons, Diplomatic History Commons, European History Commons, European Languages and Societies Commons, International Relations Commons, and the Peace and Conflict Studies Commons Recommended Citation Lin, Karen, "Linguistic Differences in Swiss cantons and its role on the national identity" (2020). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 3291. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/3291 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 Linguistic Differences in Swiss cantons and its role on the national identity Karen Lin Spring Semester ‘20 SIT Switzerland International Studies and Multilateral Diplomacy Dr. Heikki Mattila Dr. Gyula Csurgai Hamilton College Psychology 2 Abstract Switzerland is home to four national languages followed with a positive image on the international stage as a linguistically diverse country. In Swiss history, there has never been a record of a civil war or tensions between linguistic groups raising the question of what accounts for the national identity. The Swiss do not follow the typical definition in nationalism leading to an investigation on establishing the factors that comprise of the Swiss national identity and its effect on the political system. -
Alliance 118A.Pmd
Alliance Auctions Incorporating Pottergate & Express Stamp Auctions Public & Postal Auction 118 Tuesday, April 1st 2008 at 7.30pm 1211 1106 1319 1541 1596 1008 1250 To be held at Alliance Auctions Bury Lodge Hotel Latchmore Bank Farmhouse, Bury Lodge Lane Little Hallingbury, Bishop’s Stortford, Stansted Airport Hertfordshire CM22 7PJ tel: 01279 758 854 • fax: 01279 758 859 Viewing 12 am - 7.15 pm www.allianceauctions.com e-mail: [email protected] 364 387 428 431 430 429 440 516 Ex 520 707 726 695 Ex 700 727 Ex 752 744 821 823 1029 1028 Ex 1037 1044 1064 1065 1048 Terms of Business Purchasers ■ The auction is conducted under the Philatelic Auctioneers Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale (1973 Revision). The placing of a bid is taken as full agreement to these. For Postal Bidders we will buy on your behalf at the lowest possible price, subject only to other bids received or reserves. Please do not bid below our house reserve of 80% of estimate, as these are unlikely to succeed. Please check your bids as we cannot accept the return of any lots bid on in error. All bids must be in £ Sterling. ■ Lots marked with an asterisk * are subject to additional VAT at the current rate. ■ There is a buyers premium of 12½% plus VAT. ■ In the absence of postal instructions, lots purchased inland will be sent by certificate of posting/recorded delivery (up to £30) or registered post (over £30). Lots sent overseas will he consigned by recorded or registered air mail post. Postage, packing and insurance costs shall, in all cases, be borne by the purchaser.There is a handling fee of £2 for packing & insurance, applied to each consignment.