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Switzerland from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

Switzerland from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia

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HB - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Swiss

• Schweizerische (German) • Confédération suisse (French) • Confederazione Svizzera (Italian) • Confederaziun svizra (Romansh) • Confoederatio Helvetica ()

Flag

Coat of arms

Motto: (traditional) "Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno" (Latin) "One for all, all for one"

Location of Switzerland (green) in (green & dark grey)

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Capital None (de jure) (de facto)[note 1][1][2] 46°57′N 7°27′E

Largest city

Official languages German French Italian Romansh

Government Federal semi- under a multiparty parliamentary directorial

Legislature Federal Assembly

• Upper house Council of States

• Lower house National Council

History

• Foundation date c. 1300[note 2] (traditionally 1 August 1291) • 24 October 1648 • Restoration 7 August 1815

• Federal state 12 September 1848[note 3][3]

Area

• Total 41,285 km2 (15,940 sq mi) (132nd) • Water (%) 4.2

Population

• 2019 estimate 8,570,146[4] (99th)

• 2015 census 8,327,126[5]

• Density 207/km2 (536.1/sq mi) (48th)

Currency (CHF)

Time zone UTC+1 (CET) • Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)

Date format dd.mm.yyyy (AD)

Driving side right

Calling code +41

ISO 3166 code CH

Internet TLD .ch, .swiss

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Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state situated in the confluence of western, central, and southern Europe.[9][note 4] It is a composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities seated in Bern.[1][2][note 1] Switzerland is a landlocked country bordered by to the south, to the west, to the north, and Austria and to the east. It is geographically divided between the , the and the Jura, spanning a total area of 41,285 km2 (15,940 sq mi), and land area of 39,997 km2 (15,443 sq mi). While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau, where the largest cities are located, among them the two global cities and economic centres of Zürich and . The establishment of the dates to the late medieval period, resulting from a series of military successes against Austria and . Swiss independence from the Holy was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Since the of the 16th century, Switzerland has maintained a strong policy of armed neutrality; it has not fought an international war since 1815 and did not join the until 2002. Nevertheless, it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world.[10] Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross, one of the world's oldest and best known humanitarian organisations, and is home to numerous international organisations, including the second largest UN office. It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association, but notably not part of the , the European Economic Area or the Eurozone. However, it participates in the Schengen Area and the through bilateral treaties. Switzerland occupies the crossroads of Germanic and Romance Europe, as reflected in its four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh. Although the majority of the population are German-speaking, Swiss national identity is rooted in a common historical background, shared values such as federalism and direct democracy,[11] and Alpine symbolism.[12][13] Due to its linguistic diversity, Switzerland is known by a variety of native names: Schweiz [ˈʃvaɪts] (German);[note 5] Suisse [sɥis(ə)] (French); Svizzera [ˈzvittsera] (Italian); and Svizra [ˈʒviːtsrɐ, ˈʒviːtsʁɐ] (Romansh).[note 6] On coins and stamps, the Latin name, Confoederatio Helvetica – frequently shortened to "" – is used instead of the four national languages. Switzerland is one of the most developed countries in the world, with the highest nominal wealth per adult[14] and the eighth-highest per capita gross domestic product.[15][16] It ranks at or near the top in several international metrics, including economic competitiveness and human development. Zürich, Geneva and have been ranked among the top ten cities in the world in terms of quality of life, with Zürich ranked second globally.[17]

History Main article:

Switzerland has existed as a state in its present form since the adoption of the Swiss Federal Constitution in 1848. The precursors of Switzerland established a protective alliance at the end of the 13th century (1291), forming a loose confederation of states which persisted for centuries.

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Early history Main articles: Early history of Switzerland and Switzerland in the Roman era

The oldest traces of hominid existence in Switzerland date back about 150,000 years.[26] The oldest known farming settlements in Switzerland, which were found at Gächlingen, have been dated to around 5300 BC.[26]

Founded in 44 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus, Augusta Raurica (near Basel) was the first Roman settlement on the and is now among the most important archaeological sites in Switzerland.[27] The earliest known cultural tribes of the area were members of the Hallstatt and La Tène cultures, named after the archaeological site of La Tène on the north side of Lake Neuchâtel. La Tène culture developed and flourished during the late Iron Age from around 450 BC,[26] possibly under some influence from the Greek and Etruscan civilisations. One of the most important tribal groups in the Swiss region was the . Steadily harassed by the Germanic tribes, in 58 BC the Helvetii decided to abandon the Swiss plateau and migrate to western Gallia, but 's pursued and defeated them at the Battle of Bibracte, in today's eastern France, forcing the tribe to move back to its original homeland.[26] In 15 BC, Tiberius, who would one day become the second Roman emperor, and his brother Drusus, conquered the Alps, integrating them into the Roman Empire. The area occupied by the Helvetii—the namesakes of the later Confoederatio Helvetica—first became part of Rome's Gallia Belgica province and then of its Germania Superior province, while the eastern portion of modern Switzerland was integrated into the Roman province of . Sometime around the start of the Common Era, the Romans maintained a large legionary camp called Vindonissa, now a ruin at the confluence of the and rivers, near the town of , an outskirt of . The first and second century AD was an age of prosperity for the population living on the Swiss plateau. Several towns, like , Iulia Equestris and Augusta Raurica, reached a remarkable size, while hundreds of agricultural estates (Villae rusticae) were founded in the countryside. Around 260 AD, the fall of the Agri Decumates territory north of the Rhine transformed today's Switzerland into a frontier land of the Empire. Repeated raids by the Alamanni tribes provoked the ruin of the Roman towns and economy, forcing the population to find shelter near Roman fortresses, like the Castrum Rauracense near Augusta Raurica. The Empire built another line of defence at the north border (the so-called Donau-Iller-Rhine-Limes), but at the end of the fourth century the increased Germanic pressure forced the Romans to abandon the linear defence concept, and the Swiss plateau was finally open to the settlement of Germanic tribes.

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In the Early , from the end of the 4th century, the western extent of modern-day Switzerland was part of the territory of the Kings of the . The settled the Swiss plateau in the 5th century and the valleys of the Alps in the 8th century, forming Alemannia. Modern-day Switzerland was therefore then divided between the kingdoms of Alemannia and Burgundy.[26] The entire region became part of the expanding Frankish Empire in the 6th century, following Clovis I's victory over the Alemanni at Tolbiac in 504 AD, and later Frankish domination of the Burgundians.[28][29] Throughout the rest of the 6th, 7th and 8th centuries the Swiss regions continued under Frankish hegemony (Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties). But after its extension under Charlemagne, the Frankish Empire was divided by the Treaty of Verdun in 843.[26] The territories of present-day Switzerland became divided into Middle and East Francia until they were reunified under the around 1000 AD.[26] By 1200, the Swiss plateau comprised the dominions of the houses of Savoy, Zähringer, Habsburg, and Kyburg.[26] Some regions (Uri, , , later known as Waldstätten) were accorded the to grant the empire direct control over the mountain passes. With the extinction of its male line in 1263 the Kyburg dynasty fell in AD 1264; then the Habsburgs under King Rudolph I ( in 1273) laid claim to the Kyburg lands and annexed them extending their territory to the eastern Swiss plateau.[28] Old Swiss Confederacy Main article: Old Swiss Confederacy

Further information: Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy, Reformation in Switzerland, and

The Old Swiss Confederacy from 1291 (dark green) to the sixteenth century (light green) and its associates (blue). In the other colours are shown the subject territories.

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The 1291 Bundesbrief (Federal charter) The Old Swiss Confederacy was an alliance among the valley communities of the central Alps. The Confederacy, governed by nobles and patricians of various cantons, facilitated management of common interests and ensured peace on the important mountain trade routes. The Federal Charter of 1291 agreed between the rural communes of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden is considered the confederacy's founding document, even though similar alliances are likely to have existed decades earlier.[30][31] By 1353, the three original cantons had joined with the cantons of and and the , Zürich and Bern city states to form the "Old Confederacy" of eight states that existed until the end of the 15th century. The expansion led to increased power and wealth for the confederation.[31] By 1460, the confederates controlled most of the territory south and west of the Rhine to the Alps and the , particularly after victories against the Habsburgs (Battle of Sempach, Battle of Näfels), over of Burgundy during the , and the success of the Swiss . The Swiss victory in the Swabian War against the Swabian League of Emperor Maximilian I in 1499 amounted to de facto independence within the Holy Roman Empire.[31] The Old Swiss Confederacy had acquired a reputation of invincibility during these earlier wars, but expansion of the confederation suffered a setback in 1515 with the Swiss defeat in the . This ended the so-called "heroic" epoch of Swiss history.[31] The success of Zwingli's Reformation in some cantons led to inter-cantonal religious conflicts in 1529 and 1531 (Wars of Kappel). It was not until more than one hundred years after these internal wars that, in 1648, under the Peace of Westphalia, European countries recognised Switzerland's independence from the Holy Roman Empire and its neutrality.[28][29] During the of Swiss history, the growing of the patriciate families combined with a financial crisis in the wake of the Thirty Years' War led to the Swiss peasant war of 1653. In the background to this struggle, the conflict between Catholic and Protestant cantons persisted, erupting in further violence at the First War of , in 1656, and the War (or Second War of Villmergen), in 1712.[31] Napoleonic era Main articles: Switzerland in the Napoleonic era, , and

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The Act of Mediation was 's attempt at a compromise between the Ancien Régime and a Republic. In 1798, the revolutionary French government conquered Switzerland and imposed a new unified constitution.[31] This centralised the government of the country, effectively abolishing the cantons: moreover, Mülhausen joined France and the valley became part of the , separating from Switzerland. The new regime, known as the Helvetic Republic, was highly unpopular. It had been imposed by a foreign invading and destroyed centuries of tradition, making Switzerland nothing more than a French satellite state. The fierce French suppression of the Revolt in September 1798 was an example of the oppressive presence of the French Army and the local population's resistance to the occupation. When war broke out between France and its rivals, Russian and Austrian forces invaded Switzerland. The Swiss refused to fight alongside the French in the name of the Helvetic Republic. In 1803 Napoleon organised a meeting of the leading Swiss politicians from both sides in . The result was the Act of Mediation which largely restored Swiss autonomy and introduced a Confederation of 19 cantons.[31] Henceforth, much of Swiss politics would concern balancing the cantons' tradition of self-rule with the need for a central government. In 1815 the fully re-established Swiss independence and the European powers agreed to permanently recognise .[28][29][31] Swiss troops still served foreign governments until 1860 when they fought in the Siege of Gaeta. The treaty also allowed Switzerland to increase its territory, with the admission of the cantons of , Neuchâtel and Geneva. Switzerland's borders have not changed since, except for some minor adjustments.[32] Federal state Main articles: Restoration and Regeneration (Switzerland) and Switzerland as a federal state

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The first Federal Palace in Bern (1857). One of the three cantons presiding over the (former legislative and executive council), Bern was chosen as the permanent seat of federal legislative and executive institutions in 1848, in part because of its closeness to the French-speaking area.[1] The restoration of power to the patriciate was only temporary. After a period of unrest with repeated violent clashes, such as the Züriputsch of 1839, civil war (the Sonderbundskrieg) broke out in 1847 when some Catholic cantons tried to set up a separate alliance (the Sonderbund).[31] The war lasted for less than a month, causing fewer than 100 casualties, most of which were through friendly fire. Yet however minor the Sonderbundskrieg appears compared with other European riots and wars in the 19th century, it nevertheless had a major impact on both the psychology and the society of the Swiss and of Switzerland. The war convinced most Swiss of the need for unity and strength towards its European neighbours. from all strata of society, whether Catholic or Protestant, from the liberal or conservative current, realised that the cantons would profit more if their economic and religious interests were merged. Thus, while the rest of Europe saw revolutionary uprisings, the Swiss drew up a constitution which provided for a federal layout, much of it inspired by the American example. This constitution provided for a central authority while leaving the cantons the right to self- government on local issues. Giving credit to those who favoured the power of the cantons (the Sonderbund Kantone), the national assembly was divided between an upper house (the Council of States, two representatives per canton) and a lower house (the National Council, with representatives elected from across the country). Referendums were made mandatory for any amendment of this constitution.[29] This new constitution also brought a legal end to nobility in Switzerland.[33]

Inauguration in 1882 of the Gotthard Rail Tunnel connecting the southern canton of , the longest in the world at the time A system of single weights and measures was introduced and in 1850 the Swiss franc became the Swiss single currency. Article 11 of the constitution forbade sending troops to serve abroad, with the exception of serving the Holy See, though the Swiss were still obliged to serve Francis II of the Two Sicilies with present at the Siege of Gaeta in 1860, marking the end of foreign service. An important clause of the constitution was that it could be re-written completely if this was deemed necessary, thus enabling it to evolve as a whole rather than being modified one amendment at a time.[34]

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This need soon proved itself when the rise in population and the that followed led to calls to modify the constitution accordingly. An early draft was rejected by the population in 1872 but modifications led to its acceptance in 1874.[31] It introduced the facultative referendum for laws at the federal level. It also established federal responsibility for defence, trade, and legal matters. In 1891, the constitution was revised with unusually strong elements of direct democracy, which remain unique even today.[31] Modern history Main articles: Switzerland during the World Wars and Modern history of Switzerland

General Ulrich Wille, appointed commander-in-chief of the Swiss Army for the duration of Switzerland was not invaded during either of the world wars. During World War I, Switzerland was home to Vladimir Illych Ulyanov (Vladimir Lenin) and he remained there until 1917.[35] Swiss neutrality was seriously questioned by the Grimm–Hoffmann Affair in 1917, but it was short-lived. In 1920, Switzerland joined the , which was based in Geneva, on condition that it was exempt from any military requirements. During World War II, detailed invasion plans were drawn up by the Germans,[36] but Switzerland was never attacked.[31] Switzerland was able to remain independent through a combination of military deterrence, concessions to Germany, and good fortune as larger events during the war delayed an invasion.[29][37] Under , appointed the commander-in-chief for the duration of the war, a general mobilisation of the armed forces was ordered. The Swiss military strategy was changed from one of static defence at the borders to protect the economic heartland, to one of organised long-term attrition and withdrawal to strong, well-stockpiled positions high in the Alps known as the Reduit. Switzerland was an important base for espionage by both sides in the conflict and often mediated communications between the Axis and Allied powers.[37] Switzerland's trade was blockaded by both the Allies and by the Axis. Economic cooperation and extension of credit to the Third Reich varied according to the perceived likelihood of invasion and the availability of other trading partners. Concessions reached a peak after a crucial rail link through was severed in 1942, leaving Switzerland (together with Liechtenstein) entirely isolated from the wider world by Axis controlled territory. Over the course of the war, Switzerland interned over 300,000 refugees[38] and the International Red Cross, based in Geneva, played an important part during the conflict. Strict immigration

HB Description, assembled by HB9OCR Marco, USKA Traffic Manager, October 2019 Pag. 10 a 30 and asylum policies as well as the financial relationships with raised controversy, but not until the end of the 20th century.[39] During the war, the engaged aircraft of both sides, shooting down 11 intruding Luftwaffe planes in May and June 1940, then forcing down other intruders after a change of policy following threats from Germany. Over 100 Allied bombers and their crews were interned during the war. Between 1940 and 1945, Switzerland was bombed by the Allies causing fatalities and property damage.[37] Among the cities and towns bombed were Basel, , , Cornol, Geneva, Koblenz, Niederweningen, Rafz, Renens, Sam edan, , , Tägerwilen, Thayngen, Vals, and Zürich. Allied forces explained the bombings, which violated the 96th Article of War, resulted from navigation errors, equipment failure, weather conditions, and errors made by bomber pilots. The Swiss expressed fear and concern that the bombings were intended to put pressure on Switzerland to end economic cooperation and neutrality with Nazi Germany.[40] Court-martial proceedings took place in England and the U.S. Government paid 62,176,433.06 in Swiss francs for reparations of the bombings. After the war, the Swiss government exported credits through the charitable fund known as the Schweizerspende and also donated to the Marshall Plan to help Europe's recovery, efforts that ultimately benefited the Swiss economy.[41] During the , Swiss authorities considered the construction of a Swiss nuclear bomb.[42] Leading nuclear physicists at the Federal Institute of Technology Zürich such as made this a realistic possibility. In 1988, the Paul Scherrer Institute was founded in his name to explore the therapeutic uses of neutron scattering technologies. Financial problems with the defence budget and ethical considerations prevented the substantial funds from being allocated, and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty of 1968 was seen as a valid alternative. All remaining plans for building nuclear weapons were dropped by 1988.[43] Switzerland was the last Western republic to grant women the right to vote. Some Swiss cantons approved this in 1959, while at the federal level it was achieved in 1971[31][44] and, after resistance, in the last canton Innerrhoden (one of only two remaining , along with Glarus) in 1990. After obtaining suffrage at the federal level, women quickly rose in political significance, with the first woman on the seven member Federal Council executive being Elisabeth Kopp, who served from 1984 to 1989,[31] and the first female president being Ruth Dreifuss in 1999.

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In 2003, by granting the Swiss People's Party a second seat in the governing cabinet, the Parliament altered the coalition which had dominated Swiss politics since 1959. Switzerland joined the in 1963.[29] In 1979 areas from the attained independence from the Bernese, forming the new . On 18 April 1999 the Swiss population and the cantons voted in favour of a completely revised federal constitution.[31] In 2002 Switzerland became a full member of the United Nations, leaving the as the last widely recognised state without full UN membership. Switzerland is a founding member of the EFTA, but is not a member of the European Economic Area. An application for membership in the European Union was sent in May 1992, but not advanced since the EEA was rejected in December 1992[31] when Switzerland was the only country to launch a referendum on the EEA. There have since been several referendums on the EU issue; due to opposition from the citizens, the membership application has been withdrawn. Nonetheless, Swiss law is gradually being adjusted to conform with that of the EU, and the government has signed a number of bilateral agreements with the European Union. Switzerland, together with Liechtenstein, has been completely surrounded by the EU since Austria's entry in 1995. On 5 June 2005, Swiss voters agreed by a 55% majority to join the Schengen treaty, a result that was regarded by EU commentators as a sign of support by Switzerland, a country that is traditionally perceived as independent and reluctant to enter supranational bodies.[29]

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Switzerland by Districts

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Canton

District Inhabitants (31. Dezember 2018) Surface in km² Capital Nr Municipalities 78'111 104,49 Aarau 12 Baden 144'043 153,09 Baden 26 Bremgarten 77'282 117,48 Bremgarten AG 22 Brugg 50'830 145,11 Brugg 24 Kulm 41'504 97,28 17 Laufenburg 32'477 156,73 Laufenburg 18 62'996 98,11 Lenzburg 20 Muri 36'178 138,95 Muri AG 19 47'903 111,86 Rheinfelden 14 71'695 142,00 Zofingen 17 Zurzach 34'368 130,01 22 Total (11) 677'387 1'395,11 Aarau 211

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Canton Appenzell_Ausserrhoden

District Inhabitants (31. Dezember 2017) Surface in km² Nr Municipalities Hinterland 24'418 136,16 7 Mittelland 17'143 60,27 5 Vorderland 13'617 46,41 8 Total (3) 55'178 242,84 20

The canton of was divided into three districts. In 1995, the district administrations were abolished in the canton. The districts themselves, however, remained as statistical units.

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Canton

District Inhabitants (31. Dezember 2017) Surface in km² Appenzell 5809 16,88 Gonten 1455 24,73 Oberegg 3606 14,61 Rüte 1126 40,82 Schlatt-Haslen 2202 17,93 Schwende 1907 57,51 Total (6) 16'105 172,48

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Canton Baselland

District Inhabitants (31. Dezember 2017) Surface in km² Capital Nr Municipalities 155'581 96,23 Arlesheim 15 Laufen 19'767 89,56 Laufen 13 60'119 85,86 Liestal 14 Sissach 35'551 141,04 Sissach 29 Waldenburg 16'005 104,98 Waldenburg 15 Total (5) 287'023 517,67 Liestal 86

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Canton Bern

Region District Inhabitants (31. 12.17) Surface in km² Capital Municipalities Berner Jura Berner Jura 53'768 541,73 Courtelary 40 Bern-Mittelland Bern-Mittelland 412'838 943,46 Ostermundigen 79 Emmental-Oberaargau Emmental 97'057 690,41 Langnau im Emmental 40 Emmental-Oberaargau Oberaargau 81'326 330,81 Wangen an der Aare 46 Oberland Frutigen-Niedersimmental 40'143 773,64 Frutigen 13 Oberland Interlaken- 47'542 1229,29 Interlaken 28 Oberland Obersimmental- 16'676 574,88 Saanen 7 Oberland 107'484 321,97 Thun 32 Biel/Bienne 100'170 100,38 Biel/Bienne 19 Seeland Seeland 74'122 333,97 42 Total (5) Total (10) 970'847 5840,54 Bern 346

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Canton Freiburg

District Inhabitants (31. 12.17) Surface in km² Capital Municipalities Language 32'246 172,63 19 french Glane (fr. Glâne) 24'063 168,66 19 french Greyerz (fr. Gruyère) 54'431 489,83 25 french Saane (fr. Sarine) 105'931 217,74 Freiburg 30 french/germ. See (fr. Lac) 36'314 144,83 17 french/germ. Sense (fr. Singine) 43'691 265,29 Tafers 17 german Vivisbach (fr. Veveyse) 18'398 134,30 Châtel-St-Denis 9 french Total (7) 315'074 1'593,28 Freiburg 136 french/germ.

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Canton Graubünden

Region Inhabitants (31. 12.17) Surface in km² Inhab/km2 Municipalities Albula 8102 683,51 12 6 Bernina 4651 237,31 20 2 Engiadina Bassa/Val Müstair 9262 1196,55 8 5 Imboden 20'873 203,81 102 7 Landquart 24'958 174,67 143 8 Maloja 18'401 973,65 19 12 Moesa 8535 496,05 17 12 Plessur 42'083 285,31 147 6 Prättigau/Davos 26'065 853,40 31 11 Surselva 21'420 1373,56 16 15 Viamala 13'538 627,57 22 22 Total (11) 197'888 7'105,39 28 106

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Canton Jura

District Inhabitants (31. 12.17) Surface in km² Capital Municipalities Delsberg (frz. Delémont) 38'341 303,19 Delsberg 19 Freiberge (frz. Franches-Montagnes) 10'376 200,23 Saignelégier 13 Pruntrut (frz. Porrentruy) 24'573 335,09 Pruntrut 21 Total (3) 73'290 838,51 Delsberg (53)

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Canton Luzern

District Inhabitants (31. 12.17) Surface in km² Nr. Municipalities Entlebuch 23'508 424,59 9 Hochdorf 72'902 177,40 14 Luzern-Land 100'689 187,57 17 Luzern-Stadt 81'401 29,11 1 Sursee 74'131 273,06 19 53'875 337,43 23 Total (6) 406'506 1'429,16 83

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Canton Schaffhausen

District Inhabitants (31. 12.17) Surface in km² Nr. Municipalities Oberklettgau 4521 31,87 3 Reiat 9008 39,33 5 Schaffhausen 54'204 105,75 7 Schleitheim 3037 43,63 3 Stein 5640 30,98 4 Unterklettgau 4941 46,60 4 Total (6) 81'351 298,16 26

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Canton Schwyz

District Inhabitants (31. 12.17) Surface in km² Capital Municipalities 15'550 98,93 Einsiedeln 1 2279 14,35 Gersau 1 Höfe 28'642 37,60 Wollerau, Pfäffikon SZ 3 Küssnacht 12'845 29,37 Küssnacht SZ 1 March 43'104 176,74 Lachen 9 Schwyz 54'881 494,32 Schwyz 15 Total (6) 157'301 851,31 Schwyz 30

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Canton

District Inhabitants (31. 12.17) Surface in km² Capital Municipalities Bucheggberg 7866 62,68 Buchegg 8 Dorneck 20'440 74,69 11 Gäu 20'992 62,07 Oensingen 8 Gösgen 24'410 68,67 Niedergösgen 11 Lebern 45'688 117,16 15 54'970 80,56 Olten 15 Solothurn 16'703 6,28 Solothurn 1 Thal 14'584 139,39 9 Thierstein 14'630 102,25 Breitenbach 12 Wasseramt 51'149 76,70 Kriegstetten 19 Total (10) 271'432 790,45 Solothurn 109

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Canton St. Gallen

District Inhabitants (31. 12.17) Surface in km² Municipalities 72'502 138,93 13 42'604 50,44 9 40'461 517,79 8 See-Gaster 66'652 245,91 10 St. Gallen 122'101 157,67 9 Toggenburg 46'281 488,60 12 38'876 206,51 6 75'209 145,24 10 Total (8) 504'686 1'951,09 77

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Canton Ticino

District Inhabitants (31. 12.17) Surface in km² Capital Municipalities 55'513 205,78 Bellinzona 6 Blenio 5747 360,58 Acquarossa 3 Leventina 9233 479,59 Faido 10 64'154 550,57 Locarno 23 151'692 308,20 Lugano 52 51'084 100,79 Mendrisio 11 Riviera 10'318 166,14 Riviera 2 Vallemaggia 5968 569,38 Cevio 8 Total (8) 353'709 2'741,03 Bellinzona 115

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Canton

District Inhabitants (31. 12.17) Surface in km² Capital Municipalities 55'467 89,06 Arbon 12 66'496 279,61 Frauenfeld 23 Kreuzlingen 47'041 129,17 Kreuzlingen 14 Münchwilen 46'294 138,19 Münchwilen 13 Weinfelden 54'433 227,08 Weinfelden 18 Total (5) 269'731 863,11 Frauenfeld 80

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Canton

District Inhabitants (31. 12.17) Surface in km² Capital Municipalities 45'386 434,99 Aigle 15 Broye-Vully 42'318 258,02 31 Gros-de-Vaud 44'626 232,20 37 Jura-Nord vaudois 91'600 700,99 Yverdon-les-Bains 73 165'459 65,14 Lausanne 6 -Oron 61'580 140,02 Bourg-en-Lavaux 17 81'767 373,07 Morges 62 99'604 307,36 Nyon 47 Ouest lausannois 75'407 26,34 Renens 8 Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut 85'382 282,95 Vevey 13 Total (10) 793'129 2821,08 Lausanne 309

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Canton Wallis-Vallais

District trad. Inhabitants (31. 12.17) Surface in km² Capital Municipalities Brig fr. Brigue 26'818 434,20 Brig-Glis 7 Conthey dt. Gundis 28'478 234,19 Conthey 5 Entremont 15'273 632,94 Sembrancher 6 Goms fr. Conches 4455 589,20 Münster-Geschinen 8 Hérens dt. Ering 10'784 466,05 Vex 6 Leuk fr. Loèche 12'388 335,27 Leuk 12 dt. Martinach 47'528 263,37 Martigny 11 46'155 256,79 Monthey 9 W. fr. Rarogne 10'894 270,87 Raron 11 O. Raron fr. Rarogne 10'894 127,28 Mörel-Filet 6 Saint-Maurice 13'762 190,59 Saint-Maurice 9 Siders fr. 49'152 418,39 Siders 12 Sitten fr. Sion 47'395 130,65 Sitten 5 fr. Viège 28'381 864,21 Visp 19 Total (13) 341'463 5'214,00 Sitten 126

HB Description, assembled by HB9OCR Marco, USKA Traffic Manager, October 2019 Pag. 30 a 30

Canton Zürich

District Inhabitants (31. 12.17) Surface in km² Capital Municipalities Affoltern 53'771 113,02 Affoltern am 14 Andelfingen 31'235 166,51 Andelfingen 22 Bülach 149'464 184,89 Bülach 22 Dielsdorf 89'561 152,84 Dielsdorf 22 Dietikon 90'250 60,11 Dietikon 11 Hinwil 94'794 179,49 Hinwil 11 Horgen 124'110 104,25 Horgen 9 Meilen 103'250 84,64 Meilen 11 Pfäffikon 60'118 163,16 Pfäffikon 10 130'643 112,23 Uster 10 167'909 251,76 Winterthur 19 Zürich 409'241 87,93 Zürich 1 Total (12) * 1'504'346 1660,83 Zürich 162

HB Description, assembled by HB9OCR Marco, USKA Traffic Manager, October 2019

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