Security and Motion

Home , Armasuisse, Culture of Switzerland, Defence Forces (Ireland), Early Modern Switzerland, Education in Switzerland, Federal Office of Sport

Security and Motion

An Introduction to the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports Imprint

Publisher Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection ands Sports (DDPS) Communication DDPS, Federal Palace East Wing, 3003 Bern Concept, realisation Sonja Margelist and Rudolf Plüss, General Secretariat DDPS; Thomas Suremann, Federal Chancellery Pictures Rolf Weiss, Bern Armed Forces Photographic Service, Swiss Air Force, Federal Office of Sports, Markus Heilig

Available from: BBL, Bern (cf. last page)

2 Security and Motion Contents

Management of the Department Page 6 Head of Department Page 6 General Secretariat Page 8 Directorate for Security Policy Page 12 Geneva Centres Page 14

Defence Page 16 Chief of the Armed Forces Page 18 Planning Staff Page 19 Joint Staff Page 21 Senior Cadre Training Page 22 Land Forces Page 24 Air Force Page 28 Armed Forces Logistics Organisation Page 30 Armed Forces Command Support Organisation Page 32

Civil Protection Page 34 NBC Centre of Competence Page 38 National Emergency Operations Centre Page 39

Sports Page 40 Federal Office of Sports Page 42

armasuisse Page 46 swisstopo Page 52

Addresses Page 54 Ordering copies Page 56

Security and Motion 3 4 Security and Motion SAMUEL SCHMID Federal Councillor

HEAD OF THE FEDERAL DEPARTMENT OF

DEFENCE, CIVIL PROTECTION AND SPORTS

Dear Readers,

In the popular vote held on 18 May 2003, 75% of the Swiss people gave their approval to the reform projects Armed Forces XXI and Civil Protection XXI, thereby giving the go-ahead for the new Swiss Armed Forces and Civil Protection. The changes in overall conditions have also necessitated a radical reorganisa- tion of their administration.

This brochure provides an outline of the Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports (DDPS) in its new form as valid from 2004. It also offers an insight into the daily activities of the roughly 13,500 DDPS employees who are all committed to attaining the common goal of security and motion for our country.

I hope you enjoy reading the brochure!

Security and Motion 5 Management of the Department Head of Department

Each of the seven Federal Councillors acts both as a member of the national government and as the head of their own department. As head of the DDPS, Federal Councillor Samuel Schmid is charged with shaping Switzerland‘s security and sports policy and ensures that its constitutionally given missions are fulfilled as well as possible. As a member of the Federal Council, he is part of the team responsible for governing the country.

The Federal Council operates on body prepares Federal Council de- events both at home and abroad. the basis of collegiality. Cabinet cisions relating to security policy For this, the Federal Council relies meetings are usually held once a issues both in good time and in ac- on the information and assess- week and it is here that decisions cordance with the prevailing situa- ments it receives from the Security are taken on the basis of motions tion. Other members of the Com- Steering Committee, the Strategic put forward by the individual de- mittee are the heads of the Federal Intelligence Service (SND) and the partments and the discussions Department of Foreign Affairs and Intelligence Coordinator. held within the cabinet. Around the Federal Department of Justice 2,000 items of business are dealt and Police. Chairmanship usually The Security Steering Committee with every year. rotates every year. is the staff body of the Security Committee of the Federal Council. The head of the DDPS is also a For the continuous assessment of The former observes the situation member of the Security Com- the situation the Federal Council in Switzerland and abroad and pre- mittee of the Federal Council. This monitors developments and pares scenarios, strategies and op-

6 Security and Motion tions for the Security Committee. iated to the General Secretariat of Head of the DDPS In addition, the Security Steering the DDPS. Committee keeps track of the Federal Council’s list of intelligence The Assessment and Detection requirements. Bureau is attached to the Strategic Intelligence Intelligence Coordinator and com- The Strategic Intelligence Service prises an interdisciplinary team answers directly to the head of the that deals with the following main Office of the DDPS. It provides the political and areas: security policy, foreign poli- Military Attorney military leadership of the country cy, domestic security, technology General with the necessary information and and information society. The analyses. Foreign studies tend to Bureau organises the inter-depart- General Secretariat focus on political, economic and mental working groups that draft scientific-technical issues. Topics analyses on high priority topics for include weapons of mass destruc- the Security Steering Committee. tion, technology transfer, interna- Directorate for tional terrorism and the arms The Military Attorney General is Security Policy trade. the highest judge in the armed forces and is directly subordinate Defence The Intelligence Coordinator is a to the head of Department. He is re- member of the Steering Commitee sponsible for the proper execution on Security. He informs the federal of military justice. He guarantees intelligence providers about the its impartiality from the armed Civil Protection Federal Council’s intelligence re- forces command and the adminis- quirements and coordinates coop- tration and ensures that all military eration on intelligence between the justice authorities are able to ac- departments. The Intelligence complish their statutory tasks. The Sports Coordinator has access to informa- Military Attorney General orders tion from throughout the federal military criminal proceedings and administration. He ensures that in- oversees their proper conduct. This armasuisse formation is available from a vari- also includes the prosecution of ety of sources and with differing suspected international war crimi- emphases with a view to produc- nals on the basis of the Geneva ing accurate situation analyses. For Conventions. administrative purposes, he is affil-

Security and Motion 7 Management of the Department General Secretariat

The General Secretariat of the DDPS supports the head of Department in his capacity as a member of the Federal Council and in the smooth running of his Department. The General Secretariat is responsible for implementing political strategy in the areas of Defence, armasuisse, Civil Protection and Sports. The General Secretariat is in charge of planning, controlling and coordination at the departmental level.

The areas of responsibility of the The Staff of the Head of the DDPS sues in the other departments and General Secretariat include the supports the latter in both his func- prepares such information for the control of resources, ensuring the tions as a member of government head of Department in advance of provision of information, doc- and as head of Department. It co- the weekly meetings of the Federal umentation and communication as ordinates DDPS affairs and pre- Council. well as the drafting of legislation, pares those matters that the head the application of law and legal ad- of Department has to present in the The Staff of the Head of the vice. The General Secretariat also Federal Council and in parliament. Department also consists of a team serves as secretariat to the man- These include draft communica- of personal advisers, the Depart- agement board. Under the chair- tions and Federal Council reports mental Control body and an manship of the head of Depart- as well as answers to questions Inspectorate. The personal advis- ment, the management board and motions from parliament. ers assess the business items of deals with basic questions relating the individual sectors of the to National Security, Civil In addition, the Staff of the Head of Department for its head and draw Protection and Sport. the DDPS also keeps abreast of is- attention at an early stage to

8 Security and Motion emerging opportunities and risks. The Federal Military Library (FML) General Secretariat The Departmental Control body provides documentation for the and the Inspectorate monitor on- cadre of the Department and the going projects and assess their armed forces as well as for inter- progress. ested members of the public on all Secretary General issues relating to the DDPS’s area The General Secretariat also man- of responsibility. Customer interest ages and coordinates communica- is focused on documents relating Staff of the Head tion within the Department. The in- to war and peace, security policy of the DDPS formation policy of the DDPS and civil protection. The FML has a should enable both members of collection of some 300,000 items the public and partners from pol- and offers its services to approx. Communication itics and industry to understand 25,000 regular customers in and appreciate the core activities of Switzerland and abroad. The FML the Department. To enable its re- often works directly for the levant agencies to provide direct, Department as well and helps to Information rapid and comprehensive inform- close documentary gaps that have ation, the individual sectors of the been recognised. Department run their own inform- Fed. Military ation services. In addition to ensur- The staff of the Federal Military Library (FML) ing that information is made avail- Library further contribute to our able to the media and the public, military culture and the under- internal communication is also standing of our country’s security Finances very important. This is to ensure policy past and present through that the employees of the teaching activities within and out- Department have first-hand in- side the administration and the formation on the current reform armed forces, as well as through Personnel processes and are able to actively guided tours, lectures and publica- participate in the way they are tions. shaped. Information Technology

Spatial Planning and Environment Policy

Legal Services

Damage Compensation Centre

Services

Intelligence Coordinator

Security and Motion 9 The financial and human resources tional IT costs, harmonising and Confederation and the cantons do of the Department are managed standardising hardware and soft- not prohibit the DDPS from fulfilling centrally by the General ware as well as merging the IT sys- its core tasks. This applies primarily Secretariat. Despite growing pres- tems of the armed forces and ad- to military training. sure to cut spending, the DDPS ministration. wants to remain a socially-respon- The Damage Compensation Centre sible employer. With the help of a Spatial Planning and Environment of the DDPS settles compensation, cost-performance calculation, policy ensures that the laws relat- if military personnel cause damage comprehensive expenses can be ing to environment, real estate and to land and property during exer- established and precise budgets spatial planning are observed. The cises. It decides in the first instance planned. Spatial Planning and Environment on federal claims for damages or Division is the executive authority respective claims against the In addition to advising the head of for environmental legislation and Confederation and advises other Department, the Legal Services issues the building permits for mili- DDPS agencies on matters of liabil- Sector also advises the legal serv- tary constructions and installa- ity. The Damage Compensation ices of the various departmental tions. The factual ‘military affairs’ Centre deals with about 1,500 cas- sectors and offices. Its services are plan and the ‘nature, countryside es a year. Although the number of open to the public for legal en- and armed forces‘ programme damage compensation cases is de- quiries and it oversees the drafting help to harmonise the various mili- creasing, partly due to the reduc- of legislation and the application of tary and civilian requirements for tion of the armed forces, the aver- law in the Department. utilisation and protection of mil- age costs of damages is rising. The itary training areas, shooting staff of the Damage Compensation The Chief Information Officer is re- ranges and airfields. Centre provide information on sponsible for strategic manage- damage issues and damage pre- ment of information technology in The Spatial Planning and Environ- vention at schools for senior offi- the DDPS. His most important ment Division is also charged with cers and thus contribute to pre- tasks consist of implementing fed- ensuring that legal guidelines and venting damage and reducing eral requirements, reducing opera- plans set out on the part of the costs.

10 Security and Motion Are you always right? Interview with ROBERT WIESER, head of Legal Services in the General Secretariat DDPS

You are the legal conscience of the How many new articles were needed Department. Are you always right? in order to implement Armed Forces It is the Legal Service as a whole XXI? that acts as the Department’s legal For the Armed Forces XXI, parlia- conscience and not one individual. ment had to revise some 50 of 150 Usually, we are right, but the oppo- articles of the Swiss Military Code site has also been the case when and a further 15 articles in the our decisions have been over- Federal Assembly Ordinance on turned. the Organisation of the Armed It is difficult to get a clear idea of your Forces. Apart from these, there are function. a fair number of relevant articles in The Legal Service has three main about 40 ordinances by the Federal tasks. To begin with there is that of Council and the Department. providing legal advice. The second Are there too many or too few laws task is the application of law. Here in Switzerland? we deal with service, administra- There are far too many. That may tive and disciplinary complaints. be the effect of an uncertain world. The third task is that of drawing up But the citizen can no longer find legislation. That involves revising his way through this flood of legis- laws, parliamentary ordinances lation. We are overregulated and and the most important ordinances this only serves to create an im- of the Department. pression of security. Which articles of law best describe the The head of Department is also a new Armed Forces XXI? lawyer. Does this make your life easier The starting point is Art. 13 of the or more difficult? Swiss Military Code. This article The present head of Department, sets the age limit for compulsory Federal Councillor Schmid, is an military service which in turn de- experienced lawyer. He speaks our fines the size of the armed forces. language. That makes our work easier. But the demands on us are also greater.

Security and Motion 11 Management of the Department Directorate for Security Policy

The international situation and the challenges to Switzerland’s security are continually changing. The Directorate for Security Policy (DSP) traces developments and analyses their consequences for the armed forces and civil protection.

The Directorate for Security Policy Strategy development Defence and armament policy (DSP) assists the head of the DDPS This area deals with the drafting of The DSP is responsible for the in managing the departmental sec- reports and strategies on security security policy consultation of tors of Defence, armasuisse and policy. But it also seeks to delineate armed forces operations in Swit- Civil Protection. It covers four main the security policy scope for indi- zerland and abroad. It also deals areas of activity: vidual politically important meas- with armed forces cooperation ures. This applies for instance to with foreign states and internation- • strategy development the arming of Swiss soldiers for al organisations. The DSP observes • defence and armament policy peace-support duties. and assesses conditions relevant • arms control and disarmament The DSP’s tasks also include coor- to armed forces development and policy and dinating international contacts and armament policy. It develops con- • managing the international arranging meetings of the head of cepts and political guidelines for centres in Geneva. the DDPS with foreign counter- the sectors of defence, armament parts. and civil protection.

12 Security and Motion Arms Control and Disarmament Switzerland and the Canton of Directorate for Policy Geneva: Security Policy (DSP) International agreements to limit or reduce the number of armed • the Geneva Centre for Security forces and weapons contribute to policy (GCSP) Director the security of the community of • the International Centre for nations and of Switzerland. They Humanitarian Demining in also have implications for the Geneva (GICHD) DDPS: on the one hand, the DDPS • the Geneva Centre for Management Staff and the armed forces must respect Democratic Control of Armed commitments undertaken, on the Forces (DCAF). other the Department promotes International the furtherance and implement- By the end of 2007 the three cen- Centres ation of such agreements. The DSP tres should be housed in a single monitors developments in this building, the ‘Maison de la Paix’. It field, compares them against will also host part of the Graduate Strategy Development Switzerland’s political and military Institute of International Studies interests and assesses the conse- (HEI) as well as other institutions quences for the armed forces. promoting peace. Defence and The International Centres Armament Policy The DSP runs three centres that were founded in Geneva. They are Arms Control and foundations to which numerous More about the three centres on Disarmament Policy other states belong apart from pages 14–15

Security and Motion 13 The International Centres Geneva, Switzerland, the world

With its three centres in Geneva, the DDPS offers a wide range of security policy expertise.

The Geneva Centre for Security Policy

Create more peace, security and stability through training – that is the task of the Geneva Centre for Security Policy (GCSP). The GCSP offers study programmes in international security policy tutored by experts in the field. Its clients tend to be diplomats, senior officers and civil servants from foreign, defence and other ministries.

Main attraction The most prominent feature of the Centre is a nine-month international training course in security policy. It provides in-depth understanding of international security policy, pre- ventive diplomacy and arms control and disarmament. Every year, more than 100 participants from over 40 countries attend training programmes at the GCSP.

Research and conferences In addition to the training programmes, the Centre conducts research where there is a need and when this serves to further the Centre’s teaching activities. It also holds conferences on international security issues.

14 Security and Motion The International Centre for The Geneva Centre for Humanitarian Demining Democratic Control of Armed Forces

Every month approximately 2,000 In young democracies the control civilians fall victim to landmines. of armed forces is an important The International Centre for prerequisite for stability. The Humanitarian Demining in Geneva Geneva Centre for Democratic (GICHD) seeks to put a stop to that. Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) of- The Centre aims to establish local fers the necessary analysis and ad- resources and promote interna- vice in this field. Existing power tional cooperation on the basis of structures often function like phan- enabling others to help them- tom governments. They require an selves. excess of resources, prevent re- forms and thus increase the poten- Research tial for domestic and international Demining operations are expensive conflict. The Geneva Centre sup- and dangerous; there is also often a ports states in their efforts to effec- lack of consolidated experience. tively ensure control of their armed There is therefore a need for re- forces through democratically search with an emphasis on appli- elected authorities. cation. The issue is often one of finding the right methods for demi- Networking ning. These are developed by the The Centre brings together actors Geneva Centre and made available involved in in the field of security to interested authorities and organi- structures. It provides analytical sations all over the world. and conceptual studies on key topics, prepares documentation and Operational support provides advice to clients upon re- The Centre has a team of globally quest. Furthermore, it provides fi- recognised demining experts. A nancial assistance to well-planned successful product is the ‘Inform- democratisation programmes. ation Management System for Mine Action’ (IMSMA) that was developed by the ETH in Zurich. The IMSMA has established itself as the standard software in demining operations throughout the world and has been used by the Geneva Centre in conjunction with the UN in 26 demining projects.

Security and Motion 15

The Defence

Defence sector Chief of the Armed Forces

Staff to the Chief of the Armed Forces

Planning Staff

Joint Staff

Senior Cadre Training

The armed forces protect Switzerland Land Forces against military attack. They assist the civilian authorities in difficult situations. Air Force And they provide international peace support. Armed Forces Logistics Organisation

The Defence sector ensures the necessary Armed Forces Command Support Organisation conditions are in place to accomplish these missions.

This implies continuous appraisal of the situation, planning and management.

DDPS

Security and Motion 17 The Chief of the Armed Forces The highest ranking soldier

The Chief of the Armed Forces manages the Defence sector. This consists of the Land Forces and Air Force, the Senior Cadre Training agency, the Logistics Organisation and the Command Support Organisation. In addition, the Defence sector also includes the Planning Staff and the Staff to the Chief of the Armed Forces.

The Chief of the Armed Forces an- Among the major challenges faced includes his deputy and the per- swers directly to the head of the by the Chief of the Armed Forces sonal staff of the Chief of the DDPS. He implements his security are the adjustment of the armed Armed Forces as well as the areas policy directives. He is responsible forces to the current most likely of Personnel, Operational Training for ensuring operational readiness risks and dangers, efficient use of and International Relations. and the development of the armed limited resources, continual devel- forces. He holds the rank of Lieut- opment of training as well as medi- enant General. In the event of a um and long-term development major mobilisation of forces, par- and planning of the armed forces. liament elects a General. This person can but does not necessarily The Chief of the Armed Forces en- have to be the peacetime Chief of joys the support of his staff in man- the Armed Forces. aging the Defence sector. This staff

18 Security and Motion 15-year lead Armed Forces Planning Staff

The Armed Forces Planning Staff is quences for the Armed Forces and responsible for planning and de- Armament Planning agency. Chief Armed Forces Planning Staff veloping the armed forces and the Defence sector. It must look 15–20 But the Armed Forces Planning years into the future and be able to Staff also has more immediate Defence Finances identify the militarily relevant chal- tasks: It is responsible for drawing lenges ahead. On that basis it must up the defence budget, real estate determine the level of basic readi- planning for the Defence sector ness required of the armed forces and liquidation of superfluous mili- Management and as well as the relevant conse- tary equipment. Development

Master and Investment Planning

Force Planning

Military Doctrine

Armed Forces and Armament Planning

Defence IT

Armed Forces XXI: the new Swiss Armed Forces

The planning process for Armed Forces XXI lasted roughly five years. On 18 May 2003, over 75% of the Swiss people approved the implementation of the new Swiss Armed Forces and Civil Protection. Armed forces personnel strength is to be reduced from 350,000 to 220,000 and the total service time required has been cut to 260 days. Liability for military service usually ends at the age of 30. Depending on their rank, officers are enlisted longer. Up to 15% of recruits each year can perform their military service in one stretch. After 300 service days, they are transferred for ten years to the reserve and subsequently relased from military duties.

The Swiss Armed Forces are a modern militia organisation with a contemporary structure and a graduated system of readiness. Apart from their mission to de- fend the country and promote peace, the armed forces also carry out tasks aimed at safeguarding the conditions of our existence. Such operations are conducted at the request of the civilian authorities (principle of subsidiarity). Their significance has greatly increased. They are of immediate value to the population and allow continuous evaluation of training in practical activities.

Security and Motion 19 How healthy are our recruits? Interview with Maj Gen GIANPIERO A. LUPI, Head of Medical Services and Surgeon General

You are the Surgeon General of the 19 cases of meningococcal menin- Armed Forces; how healthy are our gitis. Since 2002, we have been giv- recruits? ing vaccinations at the schools and Our recruits are more healthy than not a single case of meningitis in the past. But that doesn’t neces- has arisen since. sarily mean they are any more fit What are the Armed Forces Medical for service. Why? Today’s sports Services and the Coordinated Medical are not always ideal for preparing Services? young people for military service. The Armed Forces Medical Furthermore psychological disor- Services are responsible for the ders are increasing. But with a health of military personnel – from good degree of motivation though their recruitment to their dis- resistance can be strengthened. charge. All institutions in This will be our approach in the Switzerland that deal with health future. and medical support are har- How do you convince recruits to give monised by the Coordinated up smoking joints? Medical Services. The resources of First of all, recruits should experi- cantons, private partners and ence their service as something Armed Forces Medical Services are positive and meaningful. This in- thus best used. The principle of ‘se- cludes physical activities too. curity through cooperation’ has Secondly, we want to convince re- long been a reality here. cruits that the consumption of Could you have imagined terrorist use drugs affects perception and reac- of biological weapons becoming a tions. Drugs increase the risk dur- reality prior to September 11? ing shooting, driving and other Yes. In the armed forces the issue military activities. of biological weapons has often What measures are in place to make been studied. During the last joint sure there are no more cases of menin- command exercise in 1998, the gitis in recruit schools? Medical Services practised the sce- Between 1995 and 2001, we had nario of an anthrax attack.

20 Security and Motion Armed forces in operation Armed Forces Joint Staff

The Armed Forces Joint Staff is forces in the event of natural dis- responsible for conducting ope- asters, threats to domestic security Chief Armed Forces Joint Staff rations in Switzerland and abroad. or within the context of peace sup- For this it relies on current situation port. Most recent examples of assessments by Military Intel- armed forces operations include Staff and Support ligence. The Armed Forces Joint missions in Kosovo, security for Staff translates the militarystrat- the WEF meetings and the G-8 egic guidelines into operations, summit as well as efforts to sup- and controls armed forces readi- port civilian authorities during the SWISS Armed Forces ness. Together with the Staff to the various avalanche, storm and flood International Command Chief of the Armed Forces, the disasters in recent years. Then Armed Forces Joint Staff forms there are also the missions to pro- Armed Forces Headquarters. tect embassies and support the NBC Centre of Border Guard. Competence The Armed Forces Joint Staff is also responsible for the support of The Joint Staff also issues the di- Armed Forces militia military personnel, provid- rectives for basic armed forces Personnel ing medical support for the troops, readiness in which it defines short the Coordinated Medical Services, and medium-term performance recruitment and NBC defence of requirements for the armed forces Military Intelligence the armed forces. The Joint Staff is with regard to training, logistics, also responsible for rapid and sus- command & control and personnel. tained operations of the armed Operations/Planning

Logistics

Medical Services/ Surgeon General

Command Support

Joint Training

Security and Motion 21 Armed Forces Senior Cadre Training The path to excellence

Armed Forces Senior Cadre Training (SCT) is responsible for training the senior militia and professional cadre of the armed forces. It contributes to military scientific research and the development of doctrine and ensures cooperation with civilian and military universities.

In all courses prospective cadre is They put a high demand on the pants are trained annually in 25 trained for its future leadership teaching staff with regard to con- courses in Lucerne. In Bern about task and staff functions. Training tents, didactics and methodology. 1,100 platoon leader cadets are is based on the principles of adult Instruction is adapted to meet the trained in three central officers’ education and relies on a modern standard of comparable civilian courses and some 200 prospective infrastructure. and military educational establish- company commanders in three ments in Switzerland and abroad. leadership courses. The central of- Leadership courses and public The goal is to convey as much ficers’ course for all Land and Air events held on the Lucerne campus knowledge and practical leader- Force candidates conveys the basic are also open to interested civil- ship experience as possible within expertise and skills as well as the ians. This facilitates interaction be- a period of time that is limited due values expected of a Swiss military tween the civilian and military to the nature of the militia system. officer. fields of training and promotes the mutually beneficial exchange of At the Central School (CS) in knowledge and experience. Lucerne, basic training of militia cadre is held from the battalion lev- Classes should be intellectually el upwards and in Bern at company challenging for all participants. level. Altogether about 500 partici-

22 Security and Motion The General Staff School (GSS) in nationally recognised centre of ex- Armed Forces Senior Lucerne provides basic and pro- cellence for military sciences and is Cadre Training (SCT) gressive training for General Staff also open to interested students officers and commander’s assis- from foreign forces. MILAC offers tants of major units. In the future, prospective career officers a three- Commandant prospective senior military staff of- year course that can be completed ficers will be trained in Leadership with a bachelor’s degree. In addi- Course III for their activities as tion, candidates can attend one- Central School commander of a major unit and in year diploma courses, supplemen- joint command. Every year, about tary courses and multi-day 150 General Staff officers and progressive training courses. some 60 prospective commander’s MILAC currently offers lectures in General Staff School assistants from the staffs of major the following fields of study: lead- units are trained in eight courses. ership and communication, strate- Basic training as General Staff offi- gic studies, military history, mili- cers (about 45 new officers annual- tary sociology, military psychology Military Academy at the ly) lasts twelve and progressive and military pedagogy. ETH Zurich training depending on the function takes one to six weeks. Training is The Professional NCO School (PN- Professional very demanding and puts partici- COS) in Herisau is the second train- NCO School pants under great mental, physical ing centre for NCOs from all serv- and time pressures. Even when un- ice branches. Candidates must der time pressure and stressed, have completed proper basic train- Tactical Training Centre General Staff officers are expected ing in a profession (apprenticeship to perform capably, to give timely, and vocational experience), have clear and adequate orders and be the military rank of a senior NCO able to grasp tactical and opera- and pass an entrance exam. NCO tional connections. training takes two years. It includes branch-specific training within General Staff officers form the training units. PNCOS is completed backbone of the armed forces and with NCO diploma and promotion guarantee unity of doctrine. to senior warrant officer. Training is a challenge to every GS officer. It is widely applicable and The Tactical Training Centre (TTC) therefore also of great value partic- in Kriens is the centre for com- ularly in civilian professional life. mand and control training with simulators. Here commanders and Swiss career officers are trained at their staffs are trained in leading the Military Academy at the ETH operational units. Zurich (MILAC/ETHZ). It is an inter-

Security and Motion 23 Land Forces Trusted and effective

The Land Forces service is the largest organisational unit in the defence sector and comprises the majority of all units of the armed forces.

The land forces cover three areas Basic training of soldiers and cadre or eight weeks of Unit Training. of responsibility: basic training of is conducted within the branch- Training goals and training unit soldiers, cadre and units, mission- specific training units: signal/com- resources are coordinated by the specific training and conduct of its mand support, infantry, armour, ar- Land Forces Training Command. units as well as territorial basing. tillery, engineer/rescue and logistics. The structure of these After completing of basic training, The direct subordinates of the training units has been adjusted to military personnel are assigned to Commander Land Forces are the a three-stage training model. battalions. Within these they com- Chief of Training Land Forces, the Depending on the length of recruit plete six to eight refresher courses Chief of Land Forces Operations school (18 or 21 weeks), the model on an annual basis. Battalions are Staff, the four Commanders of the comprises five weeks of General drawn together to form brigades territorial regions and the Basic Training, eight weeks of according to regional criteria. Commander Military Security. Functional Basic Training and five Designation and structure of the

24 Security and Motion brigades correspond to their train- port). For conducting operations, The Land Forces ing requirements. Depending on battalions are assigned from the the mission, a specifically tailored brigades to the respective terri– structure is chosen for their de- torial region commander. ployment. Schooling and mission- Commander Land Forces specific preparation of battalions Military Security is also territorially and their staffs is the responsibility based. It is able to undertake inter- of the Operations Staff Land nal security tasks as well as sub- Central Forces. sidiary security missions on behalf Administration of civilian authorities with imme- The four territorial regions form diate notice and for extended pe- the link between the armed forces riods. Training Command and the cantons. They advise and support the civilian authorities and organisations, coordinate the use of infrastructure by the troops and 6 training units conduct subsidiary operations More about Military Security on within their sector (disaster relief, page 27 security missions, general sup- 4 territorial regions

Military Security

Operations Staff Land Forces

4 infantry brigades

3 mountain infantry brigades

2 armoured brigades

1 command support brigade

Security and Motion 25 ‘Feeling when something is up’ Interview with MARLIS JACOT-GUILLARMOD, career officer

You are a career officer and work in than I do. It is exciting to be able to an environment dominated by men. discuss things with them. I also see Are you a quota woman? an advantage for women here. Fortunately there are no quotas in Their social behaviour is less mil- the military. But the term does get itary and more natural. They are used if you are in a pioneering role. often more sensitive than men and What effect does the Armed Forces can feel when ‘something is up’. XXI reform have on the training of What professional perspectives do you recruits? see for women who have served in the Recruit school lasts longer and armed forces as contracted military training becomes more profession- personnel? al. That in turn leads to an improve- They can accumulate a lot of ex- ment in quality. perience in leadership. The military What do you expect from the new environment provides an opportu- Armed Forces for women? nity to work together with other At last women should be able to do people. That can provide a good the same as men – also in combat basis for people in human re- units. It is important that women sources where a high degree of perform like the men and don’t on- social competence is essential. ly serve as a token. In the Armed Is the equality of women in Armed Forces XXI all functions are open to Forces XXI an advantage? us and I hope that drafting will re- It depends how it is applied. If flect this. Generally it would be women have the same duties, nice if we could take having rights and opportunities, then women in leading positions more everything's fine. Women ought to for granted, the same applies to be able to achieve the same as men civilian positions. with the same performance. Any What makes the work of a career kind of preferential treatment is officer attractive for women? bad. I have many contacts with young people. They often think differently

26 Security and Motion Protection and security

Military Security comprises the The specialists for unexploded ord- fields of military police, command nance disposal provide, among and defence infrastructure, explo- other duties, military and humani- sive ordnance disposal and train- tarian demining as well as the re- ing. moval of other weapons (e.g. destruction of unexploded ordnance). The military police consists of professional and militia elements. It is Military Security also supports the structured into four battalions that training of the remaining forces in are distributed over the whole of specific areas such as protection, Switzerland. The military police operation of installations and reg- conducts tasks relating to security, ulation of traffic. criminal offences and traffic reg- Militia soldiers can attend the 21- ulation in the armed forces. On re- week military police recruit school. quest, the military police also sup- They are subsequently assigned to ports the civilian authorities in the militia military police battalion. security and police issues (prin- Provided they have the necessary ciple of subsidiarity). Possible en- interest and aptitude, they can gagements are: protection of con- transfer as contracted military per- ferences, support of the Border sonnel to the mobile professional Guard, protection of persons or military police. escort of Swiss aircraft. Experienced and suitable contract- Military Security must also guaran- ed military personnel of the mobile tee operational readiness, opera- military police also have the option tion and upkeep of the command of attending the 18-month military and defence infrastructure. These police school. After completing tasks are accomplished jointly by training, they can enter the territo- military professionals and militia rial military police as professional personnel. soldiers.

Security and Motion 27 Swiss Air Force According to the current security policy situation, the Air Force must provide air police Protecting airspace and air transport services, acquire intelligence and guarantee an overview of the air situation.

But the Air Force must also uphold its capability of aerial defence as this is not something that can be increased at short notice in re- sponse to growing tensions. Therefore, apart from the Tiger F-5, the Air Force also has modern F/A- 18 combat aircraft. These are assigned to three flying squadrons and are flown by professional pilots belonging to the Surveillance Wing. This wing is the professional armed forces unit with about 160 professional military pilots. Altogether, the training to become a professional military pilot takes four and a half years. This career is also open to women.

The Chief Air Force Operations Staff directs operations of the Air Force in Switzerland and abroad. He coordinates airspace management in collaboration with the Federal Office for Civil Aviation and SkyGuide and defines the operational requirements for Air Force personnel, installations and systems.

The Chief of Training Air Force is responsible for training forces in the three training units of the Air Force and for Air Force related instruction in the armed forces. The Flight Training Unit trains pilots and ground personnel, the Anti- Aircraft Training Unit trains the air defence forces. The Air Force Command Support Training Unit is in charge of training relating to sig- nals, radar, intelligence and weather.

28 Security and Motion The Federal Office for Air Force frequent use of our airspace and the Air Force Logistics ensures material readiness dense population of the country. and aircraft maintenance, command Consequently, the Swiss Air Force and signal installations and the re- often has no other choice than to maining Air Force infrastructure. The practice abroad. With the help of Commander Air Force Federal Office coordinates and pro- memorandums of understanding, vides field maintenance of special members of the Air Force conduct Air Force equipment and works training flights abroad every year Air Force Staff closely with the Armed Forces Log- and participate in combined air de- istics Organisation and armasuisse. fence exercises with the air forces of friendly nations. The international Training cooperation with other exchange of experience is an essen- Chief of Training countries tial factor for progressive training of Air Force The Air Force quickly reaches limits our pilots, for safeguarding our tech- during practice in Switzerland. These nological level and maintaining op- limitations are the result of the erational readiness of the Air Force. Flight Training narrowness of Swiss territory, the Unit

Anti-Aircraft Training Unit

Command Support Training Unit

Chief Air Force Operations Staff

Air Force Logistics

Security and Motion 29 Armed Forces Logistics Organisation Logistics as the key to success

Logistics is the backbone of all armed forces. It is a prerequisite for success in any combat mission. Armed Forces logistics comprises the transport of supplies to and from a given location, maintenance, medical support, transport and infrastructure. It is centrally managed by the Armed Forces Logistics Organisation.

The formation of the Armed Forces A central element of the new • right recipient Logistics Organisation (AFLO) con- Logistics XXI is the change from • right price stitutes the greatest logistics re- the collect to the delivery principle. form of the Swiss Armed Forces to The latter takes requirements into The AFLO advises clients in man- date. The concentration of all logis- account. The tactical commander aging and planning their opera- tic services and inter-agency tasks determines where and when he tions and identifies the best mili- within a single organisational unit wishes to receive which logistic tary and most economical solution. prevents duplication and enhances goods and services. These are de- The idea is to meet the client’s re- the efficiency of procedures. The livered to him by the AFLO. The quirements in terms of quality and AFLO offers all logistics and sup- seven-’R’ principle is applied here: deadline and select the most cost- port services that Land Forces and • right capacity effective option. Air Force services as well as Armed • right quantity Forces Headquarters and • right quality The services are provided by the Command Support Organisation • right place civilian logistic enterprises or by require. • right time Logistics Brigade 1. The AFLO also

30 Security and Motion works together with private logis- This structure ensures that troops Armed Forces tics firms that are contracted via are able to receive uninterrupted Logistics Organisation armasuisse. logistic services both during training and deployment. All support activities for the Chief Armed Forces Logistics Organisation Defence sector are integrated into The target AFLO organisation is to the Service Centre of the Armed be established rapidly. It will then Forces Logistics Organisation. be possible to realise the Federal Logistics Management Council’s savings targets of From start to finish 30–40%. Therefore, an AFLO devel- On 1st January 2004, the following opment project is necessary in organisational units were merged parallel to operational business. Armed Forces Logistics under joint management into the It comprises the following single Enterprises central structure of the AFLO: projects: • Logistic Enterprises (former Federal Office for Land Forces • Concentration of the locations of HQ Service Centre Logistics) direct suppliers • Logistics Management (former • Reduction of superfluous equip Logistics Directorate of the ment and Logistics Brigade 1 General Staff) • Cooperation with civilian • Service Centre (former Central partners. Administration of the General Staff) Armed Forces • the newly formed Logistics Pharmacy Brigade 1 • Armed Forces Pharmacy.

Security and Motion 31 Command Support Organisation Everything for command and control

Command and control requires support. As central service provider, the Command Support Organisation provides the electronic means of communication and communication services through a single organisation.

Military command and control op- Support Network XXI’ project, their missions, leaders require in- erates in an increasingly net- processes are being streamlined formation technology, telecommu- worked and therefore also vulner- and business management guide- nications, command & control in- able environment. In a crisis, it is lines defined. The merger process stallations, methods and per- crucial that orderly command and started at the beginning of 2004. sonnel. The Command Support control can be quickly re-estab- The great potentials of the Organisation provides the neces- lished. That is only possible if lead- Directorate for Information sary modules for every mission ership has a partner that offers the Technology DDPS and the former and supplies everything through a entire range of command support Command Support Directorate are single organisation. and that, depending on the situa- progressively being merged to The Information Technology sector tion, can bring more resources into form the Command Support ensures that civilian and military play. Organisation. users in the DDPS have suitable This calls for a central provider. For The products of the Command solutions for processing data both this reason, the decentralised com- Support Organisation reflect the at individual workplaces and in mand support providers are being diverse requirements of modern networked systems. Powerful merged into the ‘Command leadership: in order to accomplish telecommunications systems

32 Security and Motion transfer data and voice with a high support units plan, implement and Command Support degree of reliability between net- provide the services for the military Organisation (CSO)* works and participants. Daily busi- leadership. Military personnel are ness also includes select inter- engaged in those situations where national services (world-wide the Command Support Orga- Chief Armed Forces CSO embassy radio, Swisscoy). nisation cannot provide the long- Command and control installations term support demanded. To enable meet the infrastructure require- the Command Support Former Command ments of staffs for different needs. Organisation to steer increases in Support Directorate The respective services go as far as capacity directly, the Command operating large command and con- Support Brigade 41 has been as- trol installations to capacity around signed to it for operations. Former IT the clock. Methods to increase There is a continual increase in Directorate DDPS process efficiency and to manage needs and pressures to make sav- exceptional situations are de- ings. This is all the more reason for veloped and improved. Special command support to be provided Command Support capabilities such as reconnais- by a single organisation. This de- Brigade 41 (allocated to sance and encryption are crucial velopment corresponds with the the CSO for operations) for the ability to lead under any medium-term plan of creating an conditions. integrated command & control and The specialists of the Command reconnaissance organisation into Support Organisation and militia which all resources for the acquisi- personnel in signal and command tion, transfer and processing of information will be merged.

* The current Command Support Directorate and IT Directorate DDPS are now being merged into the Command Support Organisation. Its final structure has not been com- pletely decided upon yet.

Security and Motion 33

The Federal Office for Civil Protection

Civil Protection sector Director

Staff

Doctrine / Coordination

SPIEZ LABORATORY

National Emergency Operations Centre

Training In Civil Protection there is close cooperation between civil defence organisations, the fire Infrastructure services, the police, the public health services and technical agencies. Support

They are charged with safeguarding the protection of the population, its vital needs and its cultural assets in the event of disasters and emergencies as well as in the event of armed conflict.

DDPS

Security and Motion 35 Civil Protection Help in emergency situations

Civil Protection is an integrated system for managing disasters and emergencies. The Confederation and the cantons work together closely. The Federal Office for Civil Protection (FOCP) is in charge of conceptual issues and provides the basis for training and infrastructure. With the Spiez Laboratory and the National Emergency Operations Centre in Zurich, the Federal Office has expert agencies at its fingertips capable of supporting the authorities and operating forces.

The cantons are in charge of civil nition of dangers and early warn- eration. Together with the cantons protection. They are responsible ing. In agreement with the cantons, and partner organisations, the for introducing the necessary the Confederation can take over Confederation guarantees research measures in the event of disasters the coordination and running of and development in civil protec- and emergencies. The Confedera- matters in the event of incidents on tion. tion ensures coordination and a national scale. This would be makes sure that fundamental as- conceivable in the wake of an Role of the Confederation in civil pects are regulated by law. The earthquake or if a threat arises defence Confederation is responsible for from increased levels of radioa- In contrast to the other partner or- regulations on increased levels of ctivity. ganisations involved in civil pro- radioactivity, emergencies relating The cantons and the Confederation tection, there is a national service to dams, armed conflicts, epi- work together in dealing with com- obligation for civil defence. The demics and animal diseases, for mon tasks such as the conceptual Confederation therefore sets out example. The Confederation’s development of civil protection, in- the rights and duties and training tasks also include the early recog- formation and international coop- of those liable to performing civil

36 Security and Motion defence. It is also responsible for agement in the event of an inci- Infrastructure siren systems and shelters. dent, the FOCP supports the can- An important prerequisite for com- tons particularly in training man- prehensive protection of the popula- Training agement bodies. The powers of the tion is a functioning infrastructure. The FOCP supports the cantons in Confederation are greater in civil For more than 95% of the population offering training but also offers its defence than in the other partner a place in a shelter is available in the own courses if they can be provid- organisations. In agreement with vicinity of their place of residence. ed more economically at federal the cantons, the FOCP defines the The FOCP guarantees the main- level, or require teaching person- scope of training and establishes tenance of infrastructure and contin- nel with special expertise or an the basis for uniform instruction. uous modernisation of resources for elaborate infrastructure. For economic reasons the FOCP telematics and alarm. The construc- directly trains civil defence com- tion of shelters, however, is current- In order to ensure cooperation be- manders and their deputies as well ly of lower priority. tween the various levels of man- as other cadre and specialists.

Who protects our cultural heritage? Interview with RINO BÜCHEL, head of Cultural Heritage Protection in the FOCP

Why does Switzerland protect its Why is the protection of cultural cultural heritage? heritage part of civil protection? A society’s culture and identity are The protection of the population closely linked with one other. By cannot be limited to survival alone. acceding to the Hague Convention This always becomes evident dur- of 1954 on the Protection of ing catastrophes during which her- Cultural Property in the Event of itage of great symbolic meaning or Armed Conflict, Switzerland com- of great importance to identity is mitted itself to protecting the most lost. For the Cultural Heritage important cultural assets on its ter- Protection agency as part of the ritory. The trigger for this Civil Defence organisation, coop- Convention was the immense eration with other Civil Protection damage to cultural heritage during partners – in particular with fire the Second World War. services and police – is of great Where does Switzerland stand in importance. comparison with other countries? What is the role of the FOCP? With respect to protective meas- Together with the cantons we work ures and training we have attained out guidelines for practical imple- a good standard. It is worth men- mentation of cultural heritage pro- tioning our inventories, shelters tection and train the top cadre. But for transportable cultural assets we also cooperate closely with the and microfilming. armed forces, the signatory states Who actually protects items of of the Hague Convention and cultural heritage? UNESCO. Information and heigh- It is mainly cultural institutions tening the awareness of the public such as museums, archives, li- are part of our constant duties. braries etc. They receive support Which cultural heritage is particularly from civil defence personnel in close to your heart? charge of cultural heritage protec- Our cultural heritage contained in tion. the archives. It is hardly noticed by the general public, but its information often provides the only key for understanding a building or work of art.

Security and Motion 37 Spiez Laboratory Getting the chemistry right

With the Spiez Laboratory, the Civil Protection sector has an expert agency for protection against nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) threats and dangers.

The Spiez Laboratory provides leading the operation. Available United Nations Environment services for the population, nation- expertise is also applied to fields Programme (UNEP), the al authorities and international or- relating to safety, environmental International Atomic Energy ganisations for preparing protec- technology and disposal. Agency (IAEA) and the World tive measures and managing Health Organisation (WHO). It is al- disasters and emergencies. An important area of responsibility so a designated laboratory of the is the support of national and inter- Organisation for the Prohibition of The Spiez Laboratory develops the national authorities and organisa- Chemical Weapons (OPCW) and scientific and technological foun- tions in their efforts to control and plays an important role in world- dations for comprehensive NBC eliminate NBC weapons. wide efforts to implement the ban protection. It advises federal, can- on chemical weapons. tonal and communal civilian au- The importance of international co- thorities as well as the armed operation has greatly increased in All activities of the Spiez laboratory forces on questions relating to pro- recent years. The Spiez Laboratory serve to realise its very demanding tection technology. In the event of has become an important partner vision: a world without weapons of disasters or emergencies highly for the United Nations, the Organi- mass destruction. qualified teams are provided who sation for the Prohibition of give technical support to the staff Chemical Weapons (OPCW), the

38 Security and Motion The National Emergency Operations Centre Always on duty

The National Emergency Operations Centre in Zurich (NEOC) is the expert agency of the Confederation for exceptional events. Radioactivity is the main focus here. NEOC specialists can be reached 24 hours a day. They receive approximately 400 reports on failures and incidents of damage a year.

The NEOC is responsible for early recognition and warning in the event of exceptional incidents. In the event of incidents such as increased radioactivity, disruption of dams, chemical accidents and falling satellites it is responsible for ordering the necessary procedural and protective measures. It assesses the extent of danger, warns authorities and population and ensures that the public is suitably informed. It is our national point of contact with the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna.

NEOC employees work in shifts and run the complex technical installations They also develop computer-assisted situation analyses and elaborate tools designed to assist decision-making and contingency plans in the fields of radioactivity, chemicals and earthquakes. Every two years, the NEOC conducts a comprehensive emergency exercise in collaboration with the Federal Commission for NBC Protection.

Security and Motion 39

The Federal Office of Sports (FOSPO) Sports sector Director FOSPO

Swiss Sports Institute Magglingen

Institute of Sport Sciences

Infrastructure and Logistics Sport keeps you healthy.

Media and Communications Sport unites. Youth Sports Centre Tenero Sport inspires.

The Federal Office of Sports ensures that sport and exercise never lose their appeal.

From youth to old age and across all social and language barriers.

DDPS

Security and Motion 41 Federal Office of Sports On the move

The Federal Office of Sports has about 280 staff in its five business areas: Swiss Sports Institute, Institute of Sport Sciences, Infrastructure and Logistics, Media and Communications and the Youth Sports Centre Tenero.

The Swiss Sports Institute with the cantons and national Together with Swiss Olympic, the Magglingen (SSIM) is a sports sports associations. Every year SSIM trains coaches for clubs, jun- training centre with a wide range of some 800,000 children and young ior and national trainers and is in courses for sports teachers, train- people benefit from the Y+S’s charge of cadre training in sports ers and athletes. The main task of range of sports activities from for senior citizens. the SSIM is to lead the Youth and 60 different disciplines. Sports Agency (Y+S), the federal Top sportsmen and women can sport promotion programme for Under the auspices of the Swiss benefit from the best possible com- children and young people be- University of Sport, the SSIM of- bination of modern infrastructure, tween the ages of 10 and 20. Y+S fers a three-year course for future scientific expertise in sport and concentrates on regularly conduct- sports teachers. This entitles the training as well as a wide range of ed sport in a binding community holder to work as a sports special- services at the national centre of that young people help to shape ist or sports teacher in vocational excellence in Magglingen. and where they share the respon- schools. sibility. Y+S cooperates closely

42 Security and Motion The Institute of Sport Sciences pool, stadiums, football and train- (ISS) is the research centre of the ing areas as well as watersports fa- FOSPO. Its efforts are aimed at as- cilities on Lake Biel, the FOSPO sisting people who practise sport. also offers overnight accommo- Research and development of the dation facilities for some 400 peo- ISS is focused on ple. They are primarily used for courses for Y+S leaders and Swiss • orthopaedics and rehabilitation sports associations. But they are • sports medicine and perform- also open to all other members of ance diagnostics the public interested in sport. • sports psychology and social sciences The Media and Communications • Promoting health and fighting Section produces sport-related against doping. media for both lessons and information. With about 45,000 titles, it These scientific findings relating to runs the largest public sports me- sport are to be used to promote dia library in Switzerland. These healthy and life-long sport in the titles are open to students, teach- entire population and serve Swiss ers, Y+S course leaders and all oth- sport in the widest sense of the er persons interested in sport. The word. ISS research has a long-term FOSPO produces media for lessons focus, is based on partnership and from printed teaching aids and pursues an inter-disciplinary ap- recordings to videos and DVDs. proach. The Medicine and Per- “Mobile” is the professional jour- formance Diagnosis agency of the nal for all persons involved in ISS is one of the recognised Swiss teaching sport. It is published six Olympic Medical Centres. It offers times a year in German, French top Swiss athletes outstanding and Italian. sports-medical care. Apart from sports-medical examinations, this The Youth Sports Centre Tenero also includes performance tests, (YSCT) is the extended arm of the rehabilitation measures, labo- FOSPO in canton Ticino. It has ratory-based diagnoses as well as been devised as a meeting point dietetic and psychological coun- for young people from all over selling. Switzerland. The diverse infrastructure on the shore of Lake The Infrastructure and Logistics Maggiore is ideal for practising in- Division runs and maintains all in- numerable types of sport. Youth stallations and buildings of the and school camps are the main FOSPO. It plans and coordinates customers of the YSCT. The YSCT some 2,000 courses, competitive is thus one of the federal govern- events and conferences annually. ment’s most important instru- Apart from a modern sports infra- ments for promoting sport and structure with various halls, an out- training young people. door and an indoor swimming

Security and Motion 43 The Federal Council’s concept Top sportsmanship and military Health promotion for a sports policy in personnel Switzerland

Physical exercise and sport play an Top athletes have the option of do- FOSPO issues recommendations important part in today’s society. ing their basic military training (re- on how the Swiss population could The task of promoting sport is also cruit school: RS) in an RS for top improve its health through phys- anchored in the Federal Consti- athletes. This enables them to ical activity and does this in con- tution. Therefore, the Federal combine basic military training junction with the Federal Office of Council has formulated a sports with the demands of top sports- Public Health (FOPH) and the policy and commissioned the manship. Health and Physical Activity in DDPS with its realisation. One of its Switzerland network. The main ob- main concerns is the creation of During the first part of recruit jectives are: favourable conditions and incen- school, the top athletes selected at- tives for health-promoting move- tend a five-week basic military • to promote regular exercise in ment and sport for the entire popu- training course in Andermatt. For the previously inactive section lation. Overall, the concept pursues the second part of their recruit of the population five main objectives: school, they change to Magglingen • to promote training and sport in where they are trained for 13 the active sections of the pop- • Increase the physically active weeks as military sport leaders un- ulation segment of the population der the supervision of qualified • to use sport for the purposes of • Extend sports training options trainers, practise their own sports integration, therapy and • Promote junior athletes and pro- discipline and receive lessons in rehabilitation. fessional sport subjects such as nutrition, comm- • Use sport as an economic factor unication, sports psychology and In Switzerland about a third of the in conjunction with tourism doping prevention. With this all population is over 45. Exercise and • Promote sport as instrument and round training programme for ath- sport contribute considerably to training field for sustainable de- letes, the development of their per- the well-being of the ageing po- velopment of society. sonality is fostered beyond immed- pulation. Due to the effect on pub- iate sports and military issues. The lic health costs, there is also an armed forces thus support athletes economic dimension. who are pursuing plans for a sports career within their association and Active sport trainers for senior citi- have the potential to achieve inter- zens should, therefore, offer sports nationally competitive results. activities that are adapted to the their age. In the ‘Sport for Senior Only those athletes who have Citizens’ model interested sport passed the prior selection proce- and senior citizens organisations dure held by their association and do a lot to promote senior citizen the Federal Office of Sport can be sport in Switzerland. Together with recruited as sport soldiers. Sport these, the FOSPO develops an ef- soldiers also have the option of do- fective training concept which it ing their refresher courses under puts into practise and continually conditions that are favourable to evaluates. top sportsmanship, e.g. combined with an assignment as military In 1993, Switzerland ratified the sports manager or CISM (Inter- Council of Europe Anti-Doping national Military Sports Council) Convention. The deliberate meas- athlete. However, sport should not ures in anti-doping and doping be neglected in the rest of the prevention have been continuous- armed forces either. There are two ly extended since. Doping preven- hours of compulsory sport per tion in Switzerland is based on week during refresher courses and three pillars: control, information three hours during recruit school. and research. The Confederation is responsible for the areas of information and research.

44 Security and Motion ‘How would you promote general sport?’ Interview with Doctor BRIAN MARTIN, head of Health Promotion FOSPO

Is organising leisure time becoming We are all getting older. Staying more stressful? Does it do anything for healthy is becoming increasingly im- people’s health and relaxation? portant. What do you recommend? As far as health is concerned every- Autonomy is of great importance day activities are particularly im- in old age. Regular stamina exer- portant. Regular exercise has to be cise and everyday activities as well integrated into the everyday rou- as an adapted form of muscle train- tine. Leisure time should provide a ing are important for the quality of sensible balance to professional life. strain. The selected type of activity Promoting health is not only a matter must be enjoyable. for the FOSPO and the DDPS. Who else If you had unlimited financial do you cooperate with? resources, how would you promote The Health and Physical Activity in general sport? Switzerland network is an impor- General sport is very well devel- tant instrument. It is run by the oped in Switzerland. But more than FOSPO together with the Swiss a third of all Swiss citizens do too Health Promotion foundation. The little physical exercise. This pro- 70 plus organisations involved pro- portion is growing. The aim of fed- vide each other mutual support. eral sports policy is to reverse this But we also work closely with the trend. armed forces. In militia armed Health costs are continually rising. forces the physical activity habits What can we do to counter this? of the population have an impact The physical inactivity of a third of on the performance of the armed the population is a burden on our forces. We are currently develop- health system. On the other hand, ing a programme to promote the those who actively practise sport physical activity of militia person- save medical costs. We want to get nel. the inactive portion of the population moving. That is how we help reduce public health spending.

Security and Motion 45

The armasuisse armasuisse sector Head of armasuisse

Central Services

Command and Control, Telematics and Training Systems

Weapon Systems, Vehicles and Equipment

Federal Office of armasuisse (former Defence Topography (swisstopo) Procurement Agency) is the procure- Infrastructure ment and technology centre of the DDPS. Science and Technology (S+T) armasuisse provides systems, vehicles, material and buildings for the armed forces, civil protection and other clients.

The focus is on evaluation, procurement, maintenance and liquidation of the various goods and products.

Security and Motion 47 armasuisse Keeping the armed forces in shape

armasuisse is divided into two procurement offices, the Federal Office of Topography, the Central Services and the Infrastructure and Science and Technology sectors.

The Federal Office for Command duces the well-known and popular With the Centre for Science and Control, Telematics and national maps and is in charge of and Technology (S+T Centre), Training Systems and the Federal official surveying. swisstopo pro- armasuisse meets the scientific Office for Weapon Systems, vides commercial services, oper- and technical requirements of the Vehicles and Equipment procure ates with a global budget and has armed forces and of the goods and offer services in their re- operates with a performance man- Department. spective fields. They assure the op- date from the Federal Council. erational control of the procured goods during their entire lifecycle. In the Infrastructure sector, armasuisse bears the economic, ecolog- The Federal Office of Topography ical and technical responsibility for (swisstopo) conducts geodetic and about 26,000 military properties. topographic national surveys, pro-

48 Security and Motion Evaluate, procure, maintain

The main task of armasuisse is the with a view to reducing storage evaluation, procurement, mainte- and operating costs and generat- nance and disposal of military and ing sales revenues. civilian equipment and buildings. In performing these activities much armasuisse cooperates intensely attention is paid to the principle of with domestic and foreign industri- economic efficiency with the aim al partners. It is also in close con- being to provide clients with tailor- tact with internationally active pro- made solutions and products as curement organisations abroad. cost-effectively as possible. Federal armament policy foresees armasuisse staff have a wide range independent, government-funded of commercial, technical and scien- developments as an exception on- tific expertise. The risk of defence ly. Most major military systems procurement is minimised by such as tanks or aircraft must be means of clear duty requirements, procured abroad. In this case, exact specifications, strict credit armasuisse arranges for adequate management and process-oriented direct and indirect participation of operations. The business process- Swiss industries. From 1990 to es are ISO-certified. 2000 this participation amounted to a total of more than CHF 13 bil- The downsizing of the armed lion. In industrial participation the forces means there is less demand principle applies that Swiss indus- for equipment and systems. arma- try is given a chance where it is suisse therefore plays a central role competitive. in selling surplus weapon systems

Security and Motion 49 Developing, building, clothing

armasuisse offers a great variety of Real estate management Design and Engineering with its services to military and civilian From planning to demolition the participation in research and devel- clients in Switzerland and abroad. Infrastructure sector bears the eco- opment projects in the field of ‘in- nomic, ecological and technical re- telligent clothing’ illustrate the Centre for Science and Technology sponsibility for about 26,000 mili- presence of armasuisse in this Anyone wanting to keep abreast of tary properties. Annually it plans promising new field. technological developments and and realises about 1,000 building avoid misinvestment, needs a projects (new construction, reno- Burglar-proof sound technological and scientific vation, maintenance and liquida- In buildings one seeks to eliminate basis. This is provided by the tion). DDPS properties include: weak points which facilitate intru- Centre for Science and Technology sion by unauthorised persons. This (S+T Centre). The Centre performs • buildings, underground works, quickly expanding market offers a technical and scientific activities • training and operating infra- great number of components de- for all departmental sectors within structure, signed to prevent breaking and en- the DDPS and for other clients. The • command and control facilities, tering. However, not all of them S+T Centre cooperates with nation- airfields serve their purpose. The Swiss al and international partners from • defence and communication Institute for Technical Safety (fasif) science, research, industry and ad- infrastructure within armasuisse tests materials ministration. Products offered by • real estate with shooting ranges, and appliances according to na- S+T include: analyses, expert opin- training areas and sports tional and international standards. ions, consulting, instruction as well grounds. Nuclear power plant operators, as technical experiments, meas- banks, armed forces, administra- urements and testing. Textiles and clothing tions and private persons are armasuisse provides the best mod- among the institute’s regular Testing ern personal equipment available clients. In the fields of electronics, optron- for armed forces personnel. This ics, ballistics and detonics, armasu- also includes clothing. Therefore, isse has extensive and comprehen- armasuisse offers services in the sive expertise, an efficient testing field of textiles and clothing that infrastructure and instruments for other public organisations and pri- trials, measuring and testing. vate enterprises can also utilise. Expertise and laboratory infra- Various products are tested for structure can be utilised by clients their quality and suitability in certi- within and without the DDPS. fied laboratories. The Centre for

The RUAG Technology Group In 1999, the federal armament enterprises were hived off from the former Defence Procurement Agency, transferred into limited companies under private law, and concentrated in a group structure. Today, RUAG is an enterprise that is internationally active in aeronautics and defence engineering with advanced technology and production sites in Switzerland, Germany and Sweden. The company is the industrial partner for upgrading and maintaining weapons and systems for its key client, the Swiss Armed Forces. The holding has its headquarters in Bern. The Swiss Confederation is the holding's majority shareholder and has established its interests regarding production, maintenance and liquidation and for the armed forces through owner strategy.

50 Security and Motion Why do you buy in low-wage countries? Interview with PETER LYOTH, member of armasuisse management

Why do the armed forces increasingly What innovations can soldiers look buy material from low-wage countries? forward to in the near future? Our procurement activity is subject With respect to personal equip- to the Federal Act on Government ment there is the new, five-piece Procurement, that requires a public baggage set, which will be issued invitation to tender and an exten- in recruit schools after 2005. It is sion of competition to foreign com- based on a modern concept with panies. Alongside quality, price trolley, carrier bag and clothes bag. therefore becomes a decisive fac- How many articles have you already tor. procured? How many do you procure In the past the armed forces procured annually? enormous quantities and now have armasuisse procures almost every- to liquidate tonnes of material. How thing for the armed forces, from can you guarantee that this will not fighter aircraft and amphibious happen again? bridges to ear plugs, from ar- The armed forces decide what is moured personnel carriers to radar procured in what quantities. Their systems and rifle cartridges. We requirements depend on the allo- procure goods in quantities from cated mission, manpower, the cur- one to several thousand units. We rent threat situation, etc. These pa- manage between 6,000 and 7,500 rameters have changed drastically orders every year. in recent years. The increasingly How do you market the ‘Swiss Army’ scarce financial resources force us quality label? to prioritise the requirements even This label is marketed by a private more strictly. We have been as- firm that developed the trademark signed by the armed forces to sell for decades and patented it. In surplus equipment at the best 1996, the DDPS concluded a li- terms and conditions or to liqui- cence agreement with this compa- date it. ny and since then receives royal- ties.

Security and Motion 51 swisstopo Reliable companions

In Switzerland the national maps produced by swisstopo have a reputation similar to that of the leg- endary pen-knife with the Swiss cross. These maps are considered to be exemplary for their preci- sion and good readability. Like the pocket-knife, maps produced by swisstopo can be found in practi- cally every household. The demand for digitally processed geodata is constantly growing. On this market too, swisstopo is present with a considerable number of outstanding products.

On the one hand, swisstopo, the responsible for official surveying. Switzerland that trains apprentices Federal Office of Topography in It forms the basis for the land in cartography. Wabern near Bern, is a modern registry. manufacturing company, produc- swisstopo is mandated in law by ing national maps and many other swisstopo is operated according the Confederation to produce, pub- things. On the other, the Swiss to the principles of New Public lish and update the national maps government has entrusted the of- Management and in many ways of Switzerland. These maps scaled fice with tasks that cannot be sold; resembles a private enterprise. from 1:25 000 to 1:1 million are pro- swisstopo establishes, maintains Swisstopo is organised into the duced in Wabern. Moreover, swiss- and updates the basic geodetic and four production units Geodesy, topo offers a wide variety of the- topographic data on Switzerland. Federal Directorate of Cadastral matic maps. These include In addition, swisstopo regularly Surveying, Topography, and geological and aviation maps as surveys the surface area of Cartography. swisstopo employs well as hiking and ski tour maps. Switzerland. The Federal Directo- about 250 people. Today, swiss- rate for Cadastral Surveying is topo is the only enterprise in

52 Security and Motion Digital products have become in- In the coming years a National swisstopo creasingly important at swisstopo. Geodata Infrastructure (NGDI) is Thanks to computer technology, going to be established in map data can be used in more di- Switzerland. With the support of verse ways today, e.g. for car navi- the NGDI, it will be possible to mu- Director swisstopo gation systems. Such systems are tually adjust the digital data of the always based on digital maps. various providers and users even Depending on the application, fur- better. swisstopo will be involved Support ther spatial information is added. here too. This will enable it to offer For instance, the driver is asked to high-quality spatial reference data turn off at the next intersection. as well as high quality derived The providers of such systems are products and to increase their Geodesy dependent on the basic work of politico-economic benefit. geodesists, topographers and car- tographers. Federal Directorate of Cadastral Surveying

Topography

Cartography

Security and Motion 53 Defence Federal Palace East Wing 3003 Bern Tel. 031 324 53 72 Fax 031 324 64 25 www.verteidigung.vbs.admin.ch [email protected]

Armed Forces Planning Staff Papiermühlestrasse 20, 3003 Bern Tel. 031 324 28 67 Fax 031 325 50 34 www.verteidigung.vbs.admin.ch [email protected]

Armed Forces Joint Staff Papiermühlestrasse 20, 3003 Bern Tel. 031 324 52 92 Fax 031 324 83 30 www.verteidigung.vbs.admin.ch

Armed Forces Personnel (J1) Rodtmattstrasse 110, 3003 Bern Tel. 031 324 24 24 Fax 031 324 25 22 www.verteidigung.vbs.admin.ch [email protected]

Armed Forces Senior Cadre Training (SCT) Armed Forces Training Centre Lucerne, 6000 Luzern 30 Tel. 041 317 45 00 Fax 041 317 45 10 www.hka.ch [email protected] Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports Land Forces (DDPS) Papiermühlestrasse 14, 3003 Bern Federal Palace East Wing Tel. 031 324 17 00 3003 Bern Fax 031 325 25 00 Tel. 031 322 21 11 www.vbs.admin.ch/heer Fax 031 323 57 82 [email protected] www.vbs-ddps.admin.ch Air Force [email protected] 3003 Bern Tel. 031 324 38 44 Fax 031 324 97 93 General Secretariat DDPS www.swissairforce.ch Federal Palace East Wing [email protected] 3003 Bern Tel. 031 324 50 37 Armed Forces Logistics Fax 031 324 39 80 Organisation www.vbs-ddps.admin.ch Blumenbergstrasse 39, 3003 Bern [email protected] Tel. 0800 400 001 Fax 0800 400 002 www.logistikbasis.ch [email protected] Directorate for Security Policy Federal Palace East Wing Armed Forces Command Support 3003 Bern Organisation Tel. 031 324 50 05 3003 Bern Fax 031 323 20 57 Tel. 031 324 36 46 www.dsp.admin.ch Fax 031 324 36 82 [email protected] www.verteidigung.vbs.admin.ch

54 Security and Motion Civil Protection Federal Office for Civil Protection Monbijoustrasse 51 A, 3003 Bern Tel. 031 322 50 11 Fax 031 322 59 89 www.bevoelkerungsschutz.ch [email protected]

SPIEZ LABORATORY armasuisse 3700 Spiez Kasernenstrasse 19 Tel. 033 228 14 00 3003 Bern Fax 033 228 14 02 Tel. 031 324 57 01 www.labor-spiez.ch, Fax 031 324 57 63 [email protected] www.armasuisse.ch [email protected]

National Emergency Operations Sport swisstopo Centre Federal Office of Sports Seftigenstrasse 264, Ackermannstrasse 26, 8044 Zurich 2532 Magglingen 3084 Wabern Tel. 0848 840 080 Tel. 032 327 61 11 Tel. 031 963 21 11 Fax 01 256 94 97 Fax 031 327 64 04 Fax 031 963 24 59 www.naz.ch www.baspo.ch www.swisstopo.ch [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Security and Motion 55 Available from: ‘Security and Motion’ brochure Order No. 95.612 e Available free of charge from BBL/Publication Sales, 3003 Bern (orders in writing only) Internet orders: www.bbl.admin.ch/bundespublikationen

2004/1st edition

Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports (DDPS) Information Service