Green Building; Anise Swallowtail Butterfly
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Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society
JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIETY Volume 24 1970 Number 4 IS PAPILlO GOTHICA (PAPILIONIDAE) A GOOD SPECIES C. A. CLARKE AND P. M. SHEPPARD Department of Medicine and Department of Genetics, University of Liverpool, England Remington (1968) has named the Papilio zelicaon-like swallowtail butterflies from a restricted geographical range (the high mountains of New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming) Papilio gothica Remington. Since the criteria used by Remington for claiming the existence of this newly named species are chiefly genetical and ecological rather than the usually used morphological and behavioural ones, it seems desirable to examine the genetic evidence more critically than Remington appears to have done. Genetical Evidence Obtained by Hybridization Experiments Remington showed that P. zelicaon Lucas and P. gothica are morpho logically very similar and he also indicated that a number of specimens cannot be classified unless the place of their origin is known. However, the Fl hybrids between P. gothica and P. polyxenes Fabr. on the one hand, and P. zelicaon and P. polyxenes on the other, are distinguishable, as are thc Fl hybrids when P. bairdi is substituted for P. polyxenes. P. polyxenes and P. bairdi Edwards are much blacker insects than P. zelicaon. They show a great reduction in the amount of yellow on both wings and body. Clarke and Sheppard (1955, 1956) have demonstrated that the marked difference between the color patterns of P. polyxenes and P. zelicaon and, in fact, between P. polyxenes and the yellow Euro pean species, Papilio machaon L., is due to the presence of a single major gene which is dominant or nearly dominant in effect. -
Evaluating Threats to the Rare Butterfly, Pieris Virginiensis
Wright State University CORE Scholar Browse all Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2015 Evaluating Threats to the Rare Butterfly, Pieris Virginiensis Samantha Lynn Davis Wright State University Follow this and additional works at: https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Repository Citation Davis, Samantha Lynn, "Evaluating Threats to the Rare Butterfly, Pieris Virginiensis" (2015). Browse all Theses and Dissertations. 1433. https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/etd_all/1433 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at CORE Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Browse all Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CORE Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Evaluating threats to the rare butterfly, Pieris virginiensis A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Samantha L. Davis B.S., Daemen College, 2010 2015 Wright State University Wright State University GRADUATE SCHOOL May 17, 2015 I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPER- VISION BY Samantha L. Davis ENTITLED Evaluating threats to the rare butterfly, Pieris virginiensis BE ACCEPTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy. Don Cipollini, Ph.D. Dissertation Director Don Cipollini, Ph.D. Director, Environmental Sciences Ph.D. Program Robert E.W. Fyffe, Ph.D. Vice President for Research and Dean of the Graduate School Committee on Final Examination John Stireman, Ph.D. Jeff Peters, Ph.D. Thaddeus Tarpey, Ph.D. Francie Chew, Ph.D. ABSTRACT Davis, Samantha. Ph.D., Environmental Sciences Ph.D. -
Back Mr. Rudkin: Differentiating Papilio Zelicaon and Papilio Polyxenes in Southern California (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
Zootaxa 4877 (3): 422–428 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4877.3.3 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E7D8B2D6-8E1B-4222-8589-EAACB4A65944 Welcome back Mr. Rudkin: differentiating Papilio zelicaon and Papilio polyxenes in Southern California (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) KOJIRO SHIRAIWA1 & NICK V. GRISHIN2 113634 SW King Lear Way, King City, OR 97224, USA. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6235-634X 2Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Cen- ter, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9050, USA. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4108-1153 Abstract We studied wing pattern characters to distinguish closely related sympatric species Papilio zelicaon Lucas, 1852 and Papilio polyxenes Fabricius, 1775 in Southern California, and developed a morphometric method based on the ventral black postmedian band. Application of this method to the holotype of Papilio [Zolicaon variety] Coloro W. G. Wright, 1905, the name currently applied to the P. polyxenes populations, revealed that it is a P. zelicaon specimen. The name for western US polyxenes subspecies thus becomes Papilio polyxenes rudkini (F. & R. Chermock, 1981), reinstated status, and we place coloro as a junior subjective synonym of P. zelicaon. Furthermore, we sequenced mitochondrial DNA COI barcodes of rudkini and coloro holotypes and compared them with those of polyxenes and zelicaon specimens, confirming rudkini as polyxenes and coloro as zelicaon. Key words: Taxonomy, field marks, swallowtail butterflies, desert, sister species Introduction Charles Nathan Rudkin, born 1892 at Meriden, Connecticut was a passionate scholar of history of the West, espe- cially the Southwestern region. -
General Notes
GENERAL NOTES JOllrnal of the Lepidopterists' Society 50(1), 1996, 87-89 FENNEL (FOENICULUM VULGARE) , PRIMARY HOST PLANT FOR THE EASTERN BLACK SWALLOWTAIL (PAPlLIO POLYXENES ASTERIUS) (PAPILIONlDAE) ON THE EASTERN SHORE OF VIRGINIA Additional key words: life history, parasitoids, secondary plant chemicals, The eastern black swallowtail, Papilin polyxenes asteril1s Stoll, is a common butte rfly that occupies a wide variety of habitats such as fields, gardens, wastelands, and marshes. Its geographic range extends from Quebec west to Colorado and south to the mountains of northern South America (Opler & Malikul 1992). It is one of several species of the machaon-complex whose larvae feed primmily on plants in the subfamily Apioideae (Api aceae = Umbelliferae) (Berenbaum 1981a). Hosts of the black swallowtail include many plants in the family Apiaceae and a few plants in Rutaceae and Asteraceae (= Compositae) (Munroe 1960, Wiklund 1975, Ber enbaum 1978, Scott 1986, Scribe r & Finke 1978). Queen Anne's lace or wild carrot, Daucus carota (L), is a common umbellifer on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. It grows along roadsides, in fallow fields, and in waste places throughout the eastern United States. Queen Anne's lace often has been reported as the primary host plant of the eastern black swallowtail (Scriber & Finke 1978, Blau & Feeny 1983). Fennel, Foeniculum vulgare Miller, is a perennial plant in the Apiaceae. It has decom pound leaves and filiform segments, with compound umbels of small yellow flowers; it blooms from June to September depending upon weather conditions. Fennel is known to be a host plant for the Old World swallowtail, Papilio machaon L, and the anise swallow tail, Papilio zelicaon Lucas (Berenbaum 1981h, Wiklund 1975, Scott 1986). -
Appendix A: Common and Scientific Names for Fish and Wildlife Species Found in Idaho
APPENDIX A: COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES FOR FISH AND WILDLIFE SPECIES FOUND IN IDAHO. How to Read the Lists. Within these lists, species are listed phylogenetically by class. In cases where phylogeny is incompletely understood, taxonomic units are arranged alphabetically. Listed below are definitions for interpreting NatureServe conservation status ranks (GRanks and SRanks). These ranks reflect an assessment of the condition of the species rangewide (GRank) and statewide (SRank). Rangewide ranks are assigned by NatureServe and statewide ranks are assigned by the Idaho Conservation Data Center. GX or SX Presumed extinct or extirpated: not located despite intensive searches and virtually no likelihood of rediscovery. GH or SH Possibly extinct or extirpated (historical): historically occurred, but may be rediscovered. Its presence may not have been verified in the past 20–40 years. A species could become SH without such a 20–40 year delay if the only known occurrences in the state were destroyed or if it had been extensively and unsuccessfully looked for. The SH rank is reserved for species for which some effort has been made to relocate occurrences, rather than simply using this status for all elements not known from verified extant occurrences. G1 or S1 Critically imperiled: at high risk because of extreme rarity (often 5 or fewer occurrences), rapidly declining numbers, or other factors that make it particularly vulnerable to rangewide extinction or extirpation. G2 or S2 Imperiled: at risk because of restricted range, few populations (often 20 or fewer), rapidly declining numbers, or other factors that make it vulnerable to rangewide extinction or extirpation. G3 or S3 Vulnerable: at moderate risk because of restricted range, relatively few populations (often 80 or fewer), recent and widespread declines, or other factors that make it vulnerable to rangewide extinction or extirpation. -
Whole Genome Shotgun Phylogenomics Resolves the Pattern
Whole genome shotgun phylogenomics resolves the pattern and timing of swallowtail butterfly evolution Rémi Allio, Celine Scornavacca, Benoit Nabholz, Anne-Laure Clamens, Felix Sperling, Fabien Condamine To cite this version: Rémi Allio, Celine Scornavacca, Benoit Nabholz, Anne-Laure Clamens, Felix Sperling, et al.. Whole genome shotgun phylogenomics resolves the pattern and timing of swallowtail butterfly evolution. Systematic Biology, Oxford University Press (OUP), 2020, 69 (1), pp.38-60. 10.1093/sysbio/syz030. hal-02125214 HAL Id: hal-02125214 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02125214 Submitted on 10 May 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Running head Shotgun phylogenomics and molecular dating Title proposal Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/sysbio/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/sysbio/syz030/5486398 by guest on 07 May 2019 Whole genome shotgun phylogenomics resolves the pattern and timing of swallowtail butterfly evolution Authors Rémi Allio1*, Céline Scornavacca1,2, Benoit Nabholz1, Anne-Laure Clamens3,4, Felix -
The Signal Environment Is More Important Than Diet Or Chemical Specialization in the Evolution of Warning Coloration
The signal environment is more important than diet or chemical specialization in the evolution of warning coloration Kathleen L. Prudic†‡, Jeffrey C. Oliver§, and Felix A. H. Sperling¶ †Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and §Interdisciplinary Program in Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; and ¶Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9 Edited by May R. Berenbaum, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, and approved October 11, 2007 (received for review June 13, 2007) Aposematic coloration, or warning coloration, is a visual signal that in ref. 13). Prey can become noxious by consuming other organisms acts to minimize contact between predator and unprofitable prey. with defensive compounds (e.g., refs. 15 and 16). By specializing on The conditions favoring the evolution of aposematic coloration re- a particular toxic diet, the consumer becomes noxious and more main largely unidentified. Recent work suggests that diet specializa- likely to evolve aposematic coloration as a defensive strategy tion and resultant toxicity may play a role in facilitating the evolution (reviewed in ref. 13). Diet specialization, in which a consumer feeds and persistence of warning coloration. Using a phylogenetic ap- on a limited set of related organisms, allows the consumer to tailor proach, we investigated the evolution of larval warning coloration in its metabolism to efficiently capitalize on the specific toxins shared the genus Papilio (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Our results indicate that by a suite of related hosts. Recent investigations suggest that diet there are at least four independent origins of aposematic larval specialization on toxic organisms promotes the evolution of apose- coloration within Papilio. -
Conservation Overview of Butterflies in the Southern Headwaters at Risk Project (SHARP) Area
Conservation Overview of Butterflies in the Southern Headwaters at Risk Project (SHARP) Area Al Alberta Species at Risk Report No. 80 Conservation Overview of Butterflies in the Southern Headwaters at Risk Project (SHARP) Area Norbert G. Kondla Alberta Species at Risk Report No. 80 January 2004 Publication No. I/136 ISBN: 0-7785-2954-1 (Printed Edition) ISBN: 0-7785-2955-X (On-line Edition) ISSN: 1496-7219 (Printed Edition) ISSN: 1496-7146 (On-line Edition) Cover photograph: Norbert Kondla, Plebejus melissa (Melissa Blue), Maycroft, AB For copies of this report, contact: Information Centre- Publications Alberta Environment/ Alberta Sustainable Resource Development Main Floor, Great West Life Building 9920- 108 Street Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5K 2M4 Telephone: (780) 422-2079 OR Information Service Alberta Environment/ Alberta Sustainable Resource Development #100, 3115- 12 Street NE Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2E 7J2 Telephone: (403) 297- 3362 OR Visit our web site at: http://www3.gov.ab.ca/srd/fw/riskspecies/ This publication may be cited as: Kondla, N.G. 2004. Conservation overview of butterflies in the southern headwaters at risk project (SHARP) area. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Division, Alberta Species at Risk Report No. 80. Edmonton, AB. 35 pp. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................................ ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... -
Book Review, of Systematics of Western North American Butterflies
(NEW Dec. 3, PAPILIO SERIES) ~19 2008 CORRECTIONS/REVIEWS OF 58 NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLY BOOKS Dr. James A. Scott, 60 Estes Street, Lakewood, Colorado 80226-1254 Abstract. Corrections are given for 58 North American butterfly books. Most of these books are recent. Misidentified figures mostly of adults, erroneous hostplants, and other mistakes are corrected in each book. Suggestions are made to improve future butterfly books. Identifications of figured specimens in Holland's 1931 & 1898 Butterfly Book & 1915 Butterfly Guide are corrected, and their type status clarified, and corrections are made to F. M. Brown's series of papers on Edwards; types (many figured by Holland), because some of Holland's 75 lectotype designations override lectotype specimens that were designated later, and several dozen Holland lectotype designations are added to the J. Pelham Catalogue. Type locality designations are corrected/defined here (some made by Brown, most by others), for numerous names: aenus, artonis, balder, bremnerii, brettoides, brucei (Oeneis), caespitatis, cahmus, callina, carus, colon, colorado, coolinensis, comus, conquista, dacotah, damei, dumeti, edwardsii (Oarisma), elada, epixanthe, eunus, fulvia, furcae, garita, hermodur, kootenai, lagus, mejicanus, mormo, mormonia, nilus, nympha, oreas, oslari, philetas, phylace, pratincola, rhena, saga, scudderi, simius, taxiles, uhleri. Five first reviser actions are made (albihalos=austinorum, davenporti=pratti, latalinea=subaridum, maritima=texana [Cercyonis], ricei=calneva). The name c-argenteum is designated nomen oblitum, faunus a nomen protectum. Three taxa are demonstrated to be invalid nomina nuda (blackmorei, sulfuris, svilhae), and another nomen nudum ( damei) is added to catalogues as a "schizophrenic taxon" in order to preserve stability. Problems caused by old scientific names and the time wasted on them are discussed. -
Sentinels on the Wing: the Status and Conservation of Butterflies in Canada
Sentinels on the Wing The Status and Conservation of Butterflies in Canada Peter W. Hall Foreword In Canada, our ties to the land are strong and deep. Whether we have viewed the coasts of British Columbia or Cape Breton, experienced the beauty of the Arctic tundra, paddled on rivers through our sweeping boreal forests, heard the wind in the prairies, watched caribou swim the rivers of northern Labrador, or searched for song birds in the hardwood forests of south eastern Canada, we all call Canada our home and native land. Perhaps because Canada’s landscapes are extensive and cover a broad range of diverse natural systems, it is easy for us to assume the health of our important natural spaces and the species they contain. Our country seems so vast compared to the number of Canadians that it is difficult for us to imagine humans could have any lasting effect on nature. Yet emerging science demonstrates that our natural systems and the species they contain are increas- ingly at risk. While the story is by no means complete, key indicator species demonstrate that Canada’s natural legacy is under pressure from a number of sources, such as the conversion of lands for human uses, the release of toxic chemicals, the introduction of new, invasive species or the further spread of natural pests, and a rapidly changing climate. These changes are hitting home and, with the globalization and expansion of human activities, it is clear the pace of change is accelerating. While their flights of fancy may seem insignificant, butterflies are sentinels or early indicators of this change, and can act as important messengers to raise awareness. -
An Inventory and Baseline Monitoring of the Butterfly Fauna of the Carson Range, with Emphasis on the Lake Tahoe Basin Nevada State and Adjacent Lands
FY 2007 LAKE TAHOE LICENSE PLATE PROGRAM BUTTERFLY INVENTORY PROJECT An Inventory and Baseline Monitoring of the Butterfly Fauna of the Carson Range, with Emphasis on the Lake Tahoe Basin Nevada State and Adjacent Lands DRAFT REPORT Principal Investigators: T. Will Richardson, PhD. and Dennis D. Murphy, PhD. Department of Biology University of Nevada, Reno Contact: Will Richardson 16810 Glenshire Dr. Truckee, CA 96161 530.412.2792 [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 3 Methods............................................................................................................................... 4 Focal sites........................................................................................................................ 4 Sampling methods:...................................................................................................... 4 General collection ........................................................................................................... 6 Results and Discussion ....................................................................................................... 6 The Carson Range Butterfly Fauna ................................................................................. 6 Focal Site Sampling ....................................................................................................... -
Exotics As Host Plants of the California Butterfly Fauna
Biological Conservation 110 (2003) 413–433 www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Exotics as host plants of the California butterfly fauna Sherri D. Gravesa,*, Arthur M. Shapirob a1430 Castec Drive, Sacramento, CA 95864, USA bCenter for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Received 22 August 2001; accepted 1 July 2002 Abstract Introduced species may impact native species and communities in many ways. One which has received relatively little attention is by serving as resources for natives, thereby altering their ecology. We address such impacts on the California butterfly fauna as currently understood. Eighty-two of California’s approximately 236 butterfly species (34%) are reported as ovipositing or feeding on introduced plant taxa. Many more utilize introduced plants as nectar sources. Interactions with introduced plant taxa are not distributed evenly among butterfly species. Alpine and desert butterflies interact with relatively few introduced plants because few exotic plant species have reached and successfully colonized these habitats. Other California butterfly species are specialists on particular plant families or genera with no exotic representatives in California and have thus far failed to recognize any introduced plants as potential foodplants. Some California butterflies have expanded their geographic ranges and/or extended their flight sea- sons by feeding on exotic plants. However, negative impacts of exotic plant species can also occur. At least three of the state’s butterfly species currently lay eggs on introduced taxa that are toxic to larvae. Impacts of introduced plant taxa on California’s butterflies are expected to increase as both habitat conversion and alien introductions accelerate. # 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.