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Firearms-Classroom-T Patrol Firearms This lesson plan/PowerPoint is intended for use at the Idaho P.O.S.T. Academy and/or other facilities approved to instruct this curriculum. This curriculum is to be taught in its entirety. P.O.S.T. has no control over its curriculum or how it is used by others, and therefore disclaims responsibility for its use outside of P.O.S.T. or other approved facilities. By accepting this copy of P.O.S.T.'s curriculum, requestor agrees that if he/she or his/her agents use it for any training purposes whatsoever, they assume all liability that may arise from that training and their trainees’ subsequent use of this information in their personal or professional capacities. This presentation is written for the express purpose of P.O.S.T. use, for the initial training of Idaho Peace Officers. Copies and or parts of this presentation may not be copied, modified, or used for any other reason without written permission from P.O.S.T. At no time will this presentation or its parts be used for any personal or commercial gain without written permission from P.O.S.T. © 2018 Idaho POST Academy. Firearms Lesson Plan March 2019 Page 1 of 69 Course: Basic Patrol Firearms Topic: Instructor: Lesson Plan Originated by: Doug Tangen, POST Training Specialist Training Date Prepared: 04/18/2008 Program Revision Date: 11/2008 Details Revision Date: 10/06/10 Major Revision Date: 08/2018 Matt Bloodgood, POST Region IV Training Coordinator, POST Statewide Firearms Coordinator. Rewritten to address the changes in the course objectives. Revision Date 3/2019 Matt Bloodgood Instructional 12 Hours Time Goal The goal of this block of instruction is to teach students the proper use of firearms. Performance At the end of this block of instruction the student will be able to: Objectives COGNITIVE OBJECTIVES: 1. Identify the important principles of firearms training Draw Marksmanship Combat Human Body Ammunition Safety Rules (lead exposures) Case law (Popow v. City of Margate, Oklahoma City v. Tuttle, Tennessee v. Garner, Graham v. Connor, Robinson v. Solando County) Warnings Warning Shots Low profile positions Multiple targets Scanning 2. Identify appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for the range Eye protection Firearms Lesson Plan March 2019 Page 2 of 69 Ear protection Body armor Appropriate range clothing (weather/environment) Pants Closed toe boots/shoes 3. Identify critical aspects of firearms maintenance Weapons clearing Inspection Functionality Reload Safe storage 4. Identify tactical considerations for low light firearms deployment Ambient light Flashlight Backlight (Silhouette) Reflection Splash and move 5. Identify difference between cover and concealment Cover (define) Concealment (define) 6. Identify legal justification for use of deadly force Imminent danger to self or others Idaho State Code 7. Identify various positions of carry Low ready Point Safety Circle 8. Identify render safe procedure for primary handgun Semi-automatic Revolver 9. Identify general render safe procedures for handgun and long gun Semi-automatic Revolver Rifle Shotgun 10. Identify three (3) types of firearms malfunctions Type 1 Firearms Lesson Plan March 2019 Page 3 of 69 Type 2 Type 3 11. Identify techniques for loading a firearms Speed loading Tactical loading Administrative loading 12. Identify importance of movement and shooting while moving Moving to cover Moving to aggression Self-extraction OODA Loop 13. Identify reasons for one hand shooting Injury Dragging/carrying/holding object Close quarter shooting DEMONSTRATATIVE OBJECTIVES: 1. Demonstrate the principals of safe and proper firearms operation 2. Demonstrate appropriate low light shooting techniques 3. Demonstrate the proper use of cover and concealment 4. Demonstrate detaining a person at low ready 5. Demonstrate proper render safe procedures for primary handgun 6. Demonstrate general render safe procedures for handgun/long gun 7. Demonstrate proper malfunction clearance procedure for handgun Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 8. Demonstrate ability to reload a firearm under combat conditions Tactical loading Speed loading 9. Demonstrate the ability to use proper and safe gun handling skills while moving and engaging a target on the range Safety shoot while moving Firearms Lesson Plan March 2019 Page 4 of 69 10. Demonstrate ability to draw, holster, and apply a tourniquet with strong hand 11. Demonstrate ability to draw, holster, and apply a tourniquet with support hand 12. Demonstrate proper gun handling techniques after strenuous physical activity (running, pursuit, fighting, defending, etc.) Firearms Lesson Plan March 2019 Page 5 of 69 References Americans for Effective Law Enforcement (AELE) Monthly Journal 101 (April 2016) Federal Civil Rights Liability for Accidental Shootings by Officers: Stamps v. City of Framingham Anchorage Police Department Firearms Training Manual, 2012 California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (2005, Revised April 2016). Use of Force, Basic Course Workbook Series Student Materials Learning Domain 20, version 3.4 Enoka, R. M., (2003). Involuntary muscle contractions and the unintentional discharge of a firearm. Law Enforcement Executive Forum, Use of Force May 2003 3(2), 27-39 Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers (FLETC) Legal Division, Use of Force (Legal Aspects), October 2015 FLETC Enforcement Operations Division, Homeland Security, Use of Force, December 2017 Hall, J. J., (June 8, 2009). The fallacy of “indexing,” PoliceOne, https://www.policeone.com/police-products/firearms/training/articles/1840397- The-fallacy-of-indexing/ also published in International Association of Law Enforcement Firearms Instructors Issue 34 (IALEFI is not defunct) Idaho POST – Basic Handgun Instructor Manual (2016) Idaho POST- Use of Force (2018) Idaho POST- Human Performance (2018) Idaho POST Firearms Master Instructor Cadre O’Neill, J., O’Neill, D, A., & Lewinski, W. J. (2017). Toward a taxonomy of the unintentional discharge of firearms in law enforcement. Applied Ergonomics, 59, 283-292. Equipment Classroom, Power Point Projector, resource article ‘The Fallacy of “Indexing” by Jeffrey J. Hall. Blue training guns/duty holsters for students Firearms Lesson Plan March 2019 Page 6 of 69 Instruction Introduction- Firearms PowerPoint Presentation INTRODUCTION PPT Slide 2 The instructor should introduce himself/herself to the class including their law enforcement and/or firearm experience. The instructor should introduce students to the purpose of the class and the overview of the firearms training. Students should be reminded that the police have been entrusted by the people of our society with power over life and death. This is a great honor, an awesome responsibility, and an excruciatingly difficult task. But remember, what we do is extremely important…..and we serve a great cause. PPT Slide 3 The course will highlight the following: Deadly force review, basic handgun operation, safety, gun handling, marksmanship, combat, and care and cleaning. OBJECTIVES Objectives PPT Slide 4-22 The instructor will review the course objectives. Inform the students that although we are going to touch on the objectives, and related bullet point items, we will cover each item in more detail and the training progresses. Remind them the test questions will come from the objectives. Today as we discuss police use of their firearms, please understand that this is serious business. No other profession in our society entrusts its people with the authority you will be given. You have the authority to take freedom and use deadly force, which may result in the loss of someone’s life. To be given that public trust, officers should embody the finest attributes of humanity which include honesty, integrity, courage, compassion, intelligence and an abiding sense of fairness. DEADLY FORCE REVIEW PPT Slide 23 Remind the students of their training in use of force earlier in the academy. Although we are going to recap the high points of the use of force training, particularly deadly force, they need to refer to their use of force training materials for more specific information. Their use of force must be objectively reasonable, based on the totality of the circumstances. There will be at least one gun at every incident they go to. Their gun. In addition, deadly force is not restricted to just firearms. As you learned in your use of force training, once the need for deadly force has been reasonably determined, you can Firearms Lesson Plan March 2019 Page 7 of 69 use pretty much anything as a weapon. You must also have a survival mentality. You must win. PPT Slide 24 As explained in your use of force training, the determinative issue in deadly force cases is this- 1. Was the suspect an immediate threat of death or serious injury to you, or someone else? 2. Was the suspect an imminent threat of death or serious physical injury to others, if not immediately stopped? This force carries with it the substantial risk of death or serious injury to the suspect when applied. Make sure to periodically review your use of force materials as you go through the academy. PPT Slide 25 Remember, there are a number of factors that weigh into whether any use of force Objective 6 is determined to be reasonable. In your use of force training, you were taught that the heart of the relationship between Graham v Connor and Tennessee v Garner is the objective reasonableness standard. Within in that, the factors that determine if a use of force is reasonable are: 1. Nature of the intrusion- What did the officer do? 2. Governmental interest- Why did the officer take the action he did? 3. Apply the facts to the Graham Factors 4. Graham establishes the test 5. No rigid pre-conditions (facts) that must exist 6. The courts must wade through the facts in each case PPT Slide 26 Using deadly force at the wrong time is disastrous. Failing to use deadly force at the right time is equally disastrous INSTRUCTOR NOTE INSTRUCTOR NOTE: Ask the class what tools and techniques can cause deadly force and discuss when each can be used.
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