BRINK: 2021: Insulin Page 1 of 43 Insulin Past, Present and Future: 100 Years from the Nobel Prize* Stuart J. Brink, MD Senior E
BRINK: 2021: Insulin Insulin Past, Present and Future: 100 Years from the Nobel Prize* Stuart J. Brink, MD Senior Endocrinologist, New England Diabetes and Endocrinology Center (NEDEC) and Associate Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA Clinical Instructor in Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Address: NEDEC, 196 Pleasant Street, Newton Centre MA 02459 USA The Pancreas, the In the pre- almost universally fatal. Most presented in childhood or adolescence with classical symptoms of diabetes, became cachectic and emaciated from significant glycosuria as well as catabolic changes causing muscle wasting, weakness and loss of body fat, severe weight loss reflecting acute insulin deficiency and often there was diabetic ketoacidosis, decompensation, coma and deat mellitus. In financially distressed parts of the world where medical care is minimally available or just too expensive or too far away, not much has changed about diabetes mellitus for children and adolescents until programs such as Changing Diabetes in Children and Life for a Child as well as Insulin for Life offered hope and insulin - sometimes also offering trained diabetes staff, glucose meters, test strips and lancets as well - in recent years.1 Instead of dying at rates exceeding 95%, such children now are living relatively normal lives with their families and friends, attending schools and thriving. It took a very long time, however, for medical specialists to determine that it was the pancreas that was the site of the problem.2 Oskar Minkowski working with Joseph Von Mering in 1889 in Strasbourg identified that the pancreas was the likely source of the problem after pancreatectomized dogs, in experiments concerning digestive effects of the pancreas, became diabetic and died in their laboratories.
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