DOCSLIB.ORG

European Union Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistical Sources and Methods “B.O.P

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
European Union Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Statistical Sources and Methods “B.O.P European Union Balance of Payments and International Investment Position statistical sources and methods “B.o.p. and i.i.p. book” November 2016 Contents Euro area 5 1 Introduction 5 2 Compilation of euro area balance of payments and international investment position statistics 6 3 Concepts, definitions and agreed practices 14 Belgium 66 1 Institutional environment 66 2 Statistical processes 67 Bulgaria 83 1 Institutional environment 83 2 Statistical processes 84 Czech Republic 98 1 Institutional environment 98 2 Statistical processes 99 Denmark 112 1 Institutional environment 112 2 Statistical processes 112 Germany 123 1 Institutional environment 123 2 Statistical processes 124 Estonia 140 1 Institutional environment 140 2 Statistical processes 141 Ireland 155 1 Institutional environment 155 2 Statistical processes 156 "B.o.p. and i.i.p. book", November 2016 1 Greece 168 1 Institutional environment 168 2 Statistical processes 169 Spain 180 1 Institutional environment 180 2 Statistical processes 182 France 197 1 Institutional environment 197 2 Statistical processes 198 Croatia 212 1 Institutional environment 212 2 Statistical processes 213 Italy 227 1 Institutional environment 227 2 Statistical processes 228 Cyprus 245 1 Institutional environment 245 2 Statistical processes 247 Latvia 264 1 Institutional environment 264 2 Statistical processes 264 Lithuania 275 1 Institutional environment 275 2 Statistical processes 276 Luxembourg 286 1 Institutional environment 286 2 Statistical processes 287 "B.o.p. and i.i.p. book", November 2016 2 Hungary 299 1 Institutional environment 299 2 Statistical processes 300 Malta 315 1 Institutional environment 315 2 Statistical processes 316 Netherlands 326 1 Institutional environment 326 2 Statistical processes 327 Austria 339 1 Institutional environment 339 2 Statistical processes 341 Poland 355 1 Institutional environment 355 2 Statistical processes 356 Portugal 370 1 Institutional environment 370 2 Statistical processes 371 Romania 386 1 Institutional environment 386 2 Statistical processes 387 Slovenia 400 1 Institutional environment 400 2 Statistical processes 401 Slovakia 417 1 Institutional environment 417 2 Statistical processes 418 "B.o.p. and i.i.p. book", November 2016 3 Finland 426 1 Institutional environment 426 2 Statistical processes 427 Sweden 439 1 Institutional environment 439 2 Statistical processes 440 United Kingdom 454 1 Institutional environment 454 2 Statistical processes 455 Annex. Contact information 475 "B.o.p. and i.i.p. book", November 2016 4 Euro area 1 Introduction The European Central Bank (ECB) compiles and publishes the balance of payments (b.o.p.) and the international investment position (i.i.p.) of the euro area with the support of the ESCB's Statistics Committee. These statistics depict the economic relations of the euro area as a whole vis-à-vis the rest of the world. The euro area is, therefore, considered as a single economy. The euro area b.o.p. and i.i.p. are compiled by summing up the individual b.o.p. and i.i.p. statistics of each euro area country vis-à-vis non-euro area countries (with some exceptions, as explained in Section 2.5 on the methods for compiling the euro area aggregates). Cross-border transactions/positions of euro area countries vis-à-vis each other are therefore excluded. B.o.p. and i.i.p. statistics provide important indicators of economic performance of the euro area. The ESCB analyses the euro area b.o.p. and i.i.p. in the context of its tasks, particularly monetary policy, macro prudential analysis and reserve assets management. B.o.p. and i.i.p. statistics for the individual European Union (EU) Member States also provide crucial indicators of economic performance. These are closely monitored e.g. by the IMF in Article IV reports, the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB) in the Risk Dashboard and in the context of the European Commission’s macroeconomic imbalances procedure (MIP). This publication, commonly referred to as the "B.o.p. and i.i.p. book", aims at providing users with an overview of the main features of the b.o.p. and i.i.p. methodological framework and of the data sources and compilation methods used in the euro area and in the individual EU Member States. Chapters 2 and 3 focus on the methodological aspects drawing on the sixth edition of the IMF’s Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6), the worldwide reference standard for the compilation of b.o.p. and i.i.p. statistics. This last edition was revised in parallel with the System of National Accounts 20081 (2008 SNA) to ensure consistency between external and domestic macroeconomic statistics. Chapters 2 and 3 describe the concepts, classifications and special conventions that euro area countries observe when compiling their contributions to the euro area external statistics, as legally defined in the ECB Guideline (ECB/2011/23) of 9 December 2011 on the statistical reporting requirements of the ECB in the field of external statistics (as amended by Guidelines 2 ECB/2013/25 and ECB/2015/39). 1 The European System of Accounts 2010 (ESA 2010) constitutes the European version of the SNA2008, and is thus also fully consistent with the BPM6. 2 Other EU countries also follow these concepts, classifications and special conventions when sending data to the ECB on a voluntary basis. Chapter 4 provides for each EU Member State a brief description of the data sources used and of the collection and compilation methods implemented by national compilers. This description is not exhaustive and focuses primarily on potential deviations from the agreed international statistical standards and on borderline classification cases. This description also offers relevant information on the institutional framework and on data availability and dissemination policy and tools. 2 Compilation of euro area balance of payments and international investment position statistics 2.1 Legal framework The production of European statistics is organised around two separate pillars, the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) and the European Statistical System (ESS), with separate legal frameworks and governance structures. The ESCB is a system enshrined in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).3 It is composed of the ECB and the national central banks (NCBs); the ECB’s Governing Council is its highest decision-making body. According to its statute,4 the ECB, assisted by the NCBs, may collect the statistics necessary to undertake the ESCB’s tasks, including for monetary policy and financial stability purposes, either from the competent national authorities or directly from economic agents. The data collected may also be used for banking supervision purposes. The Council of the European Union has defined the natural and legal persons subject to reporting requirements by the ECB, the statistical principles to be followed, the confidentiality regime and the appropriate provisions for enforcement.5 The actual statistics that are collected, compiled and disseminated by the ESCB are determined by the ECB’s Governing Council. They are reflected in the ESCB’s statistical work programme, which is approved by the ECB’s Governing Council and supported by comments from its General Council. These are largely financial but also economic statistics, such as b.o.p. statistics and i.i.p. statistics, money and banking (including interest rates) statistics, banknotes statistics, payments and payment systems statistics and financial stability statistics. More specifically, Article 2 of the Council Regulation (EC) No 2533/98 empowers the ECB to collect information from legal and natural persons residing in a Member State, to the extent that they hold cross-border positions or have carried out cross-border transactions relevant for producing balance of payments statistics. 3 See Article 282(1) TFEU. 4 See Article 5 of Protocol (No 4) of the Statute of the ESCB and of the ECB. 5 Council Regulation (EC) No 2533/98 of 23 November 1998 concerning the collection of statistical information by the European Central Bank (OJ L 318, 27.11.1998, p. 8), amended by Council Regulation (EC) No 951/2009 of 9 October 2009 (OJ L 269, 14.10.2009, p. 1) and Council Regulation(EU) No 2015/373 of 5 March 2015 amending Regulation (EC) No 2533/98 concerning the collection of statistical information by the European Central Bank (OJ L 64, 7.3.2015, p. 6). "B.o.p. and i.i.p. book", November 2016 6 The ECB collects the statistical data, assisted by the NCBs and with the support of the ESCB’s Statistics Committee. It then produces the statistics, conducts quality assurance and disseminates them in conformity with the statistical principles of impartiality, objectivity, professional independence, cost-effectiveness, statistical confidentiality, minimisation of the reporting burden and high output reliability.6 These statistical principles are reflected in the ESCB’s Public Commitment on European statistics by the ESCB.7 The statistical requirements of the ECB in the field of external statistics (b.o.p. and i.i.p., as well as the international reserves template and cross-border shipments of euro banknotes) are defined in Guideline ECB/2011/23 of 9 December 20118 (as amended), which is addressed to euro area NCBs, in accordance with Council Regulation (EC) No 2533/989 of 23 November 1998 (as amended). Recommendation ECB/2011/24 of 9 December 2011 (as amended) complements Guideline ECB/2011/23 by addressing other competent national authorities that are entrusted with the collection and/or compilation of external statistics in their respective countries. The members of the ESCB and the ESS need to cooperate closely to maximise synergies, minimise the reporting burden and ensure the production of complete and coherent European statistics. The two statistical pillars also cooperate closely through the Committee on Monetary, Financial and Balance of Payments Statistics (CMFB), as well as through the European Statistical Forum (ESF).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Seventy-Ninth Annual Pulaski Day Parade Sunday, October 2, 2016 Fifth Avenue, New York City
    Preliminary LONG version As of 10/1/16 SEVENTY-NINTH ANNUAL PULASKI DAY PARADE SUNDAY, OCTOBER 2, 2016 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY MARCH 4, OCTOBER 11, 1745 1779 2016 PULASKI PARADE GRAND MARSHAL HON. DR. DONNA KOCH-KAPTURSKI Specializes in Family Medicine and Internal Medicine in Garfield, NJ. HONORARY MARSHALS ANNA MARIA ANDERS DAUGHTER OF GENERAL WLADYSLAW ANDERS POLISH SENATOR AND PROCURATOR OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS FOR INTERNATIONAL DIALOGUE STANISLAW KARCZEWSKI MARSHAL OF THE SENATE OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND BILL SHIBILSKI RADIO HOST, BROADCASTER AND PAST MC OF THE PULASKI DAY PARADE PRESIDENT RICHARD ZAWISNY GENERAL PULASKI MEMORIAL PARADE COMMITTEE, INC. Page 1 of 57 Preliminary LONG version As of 10/1/16 ASSEMBLY STREETS 39A 6TH 5TH AVE. AVE. M A 38 FLOATS 21-30 38C FLOATS 11-20 38B 38A FLOATS 1 - 10 D I S O N 37 37C 37B 37A A V E 36 36C 36B 36A 6TH 5TH AVE. AVE. Page 2 of 57 Preliminary LONG version As of 10/1/16 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE THE 79TH ANNUAL PULASKI DAY PARADE COMMEMORATING THE SACRIFICE OF OUR HERO, GENERAL CASIMIR PULASKI, FATHER OF THE AMERICAN CAVALRY, IN THE WAR OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE BEGINS ON FIFTH AVENUE AT 12:30 PM ON SUNDAY, OCTOBER 2, 2016. THIS YEAR WE ARE CELEBRATING “POLISH- AMERICAN YOUTH, IN HONOR OF WORLD YOUTH DAY, KRAKOW, POLAND” IN 2016. THE ‘GREATEST MANIFESTATION OF POLISH PRIDE IN AMERICA’ THE PULASKI PARADE, WILL BE LED BY THE HONORABLE DR. DONNA KOCH- KAPTURSKI, A PROMINENT PHYSICIAN FROM THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 ANNUAL REPORT - 2 - Contents
    2015 ANNUAL REPORT - 2 - CONTENTS CONTENTS 1. PRESIDENT’S REPORT 7 Climbing and Mountaineering 8 Competition Sport 10 UIAA Policy 10 Finances and core services 11 Communication and media 12 2. MEMBERSHIP INFORMATION 15 3. ACCESS AND EXPEDITIONS COMMISSION 17 Mission 17 Objectives 18 Goals 18 2015 Meetings 19 Argentina Access 19 Climber’s Manifesto 20 4. ANTI-DOPING COMMISSION 21 Doping controls 21 - 3 - 5. ICE CLIMBING COMMISSION 25 Events 26 Strategic Plan 26 Season report – Detailed Figures 27 6. MEDICAL COMMISSION 31 Medcom Activities 31 7. MOUNTAINEERING COMMISSION 37 Third Party Liability Insurance 38 Training Standards Handbook, the UIAA – PETZL FOUNDATION Memento 38 Legal Experts Working Group 41 8. MOUNTAIN PROTECTION COMMISSION 43 Commission Meeting 43 Key Numbers for 2015 45 Other Developments 47 9. SAFETY COMMISSION 51 10. YOUTH COMMISSION 53 Global Youth Summit events 2015 54 11. MARKETING AND COMMUNICATIONS 57 Marketing Sponsorship 57 - 4 - CONTENTS UIAA Website 58 Newsletter and Social Media 58 Video 58 Corporate Identity and Brochures 58 12. OFFICE REPORT 61 13. FINANCIAL REPORT 63 Assets 63 Liabilities & Funds 64 Profit and loss statement 65 Operating Expenses 66 14. SPONSORS 71 - 5 - - 6 - President’s REPORT SUMMARY 1. PRESIDENT’S REPORT The UIAA is on its way to meeting - and even exceed- ing - the key goals set out in the Strategic Plan (2013-2016), re- ports President Frits Vrijlandt. The goals include the expansion of the Training Standards programme, a focus on sustainability and youth policies, improved communication among members and steps to raise the profile of ice climbing to ensure it becomes a competition sport at the 2022 Winter Olympic Games.
    [Show full text]
  • Multicultural Studies Redaktor Naczelny / Editor in Chief Alicja Szerląg
    Tom III (1/2017) Multicultural Studies Redaktor naczelny / Editor in Chief Alicja Szerląg Rada naukowa czasopisma / Scientific Council of the Journal » prof. David L. Blustein, Boston College, Boston, USA » prof. dr hab. Bruno Drwęski, National Institute of Oriental languages and Civilizations, Paris, France » prof. Keith Doubt, Wittenberg University, USA » prof. dr hab. Marian Golka, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland » prof. dr Funda Günsoy, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey » prof. dr hab. Jerzy Nikitorowicz, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland » prof. Slobodan Šoja, Bosnia and Herzegovina » prof. dr Džemal Sokolović, Institute for Strengthening Democracy, Konjic, Norway, Bosnia and Herzegovina » prof. dr hab. Piotr Stępniak, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland » prof. dr hab. dr h.c. Andrzej Szwarc, Collegium Polonicum in Słubice, Poland » prof. dr hab. Adnan Tufekcić, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovin Kolegium recenzentów na lata 2016–2017 / Reviewers for the years 2016–2017 » dr hab. prof. UWr Stefan Bednarek, University of Wroclaw, Poland » prof. dr hab. Elżbieta Czykwin The Christian Theological Academy in Warsaw, Poland » prof. dr Vilija Grincevičienė Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical Universit, Lithuania » dr hab. prof. UWr Witold Jakubowski, University of Wroclaw, Poland » prof. dr hab. Zenon Jasiński, Opole University, Poland » prof. dr hab. Inese Jurgena, Teacher Training and Educational Management Academy in Riga, Latvia » prof. dr Libertas Klimka, Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences, Lithuania » dr hab. Dorota Misiejuk, University of Białystok, Poland » prof. dr Zigurds Mikainis, Rezekne Higher Educational Institution, Latvia » prof. dr Liuda Radzevičienė, Siauliai University, Lithuania » dr hab. prof. UwB Mirosław Sobecki, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland » dr hab. prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Dialogue in Face of Changes on the Labour Market in Poland
    Professor Jacek P. Męcina (prof. UW dr hab.), is a lawyer and a political scientist, as well as a social policy expert on labour law, employment relations, employment policy, and social dialogue. His research interests JACEK M are focused on employment and labour market policy, labour law, and collective labour relations, the conditions of functioning of social dialogue JACEKJACEK MMĘĘCINACINA in Poland and in the European countries. Professor at the Institute of Social Policy, the Faculty of Political Science and International Studies at the University of Warsaw, since 2016 Director of the Institute of Social Policy. Scholar of the European Programme TEMPUS and the Alexander von Hum- Social Dialogue boldt Foundation. A member of the Scientifi c Council of the academic journals — Human Resource Management and Social Dialogue and Social Ę in Face of Changes Policy. The Author of more than 100 books, articles, and papers on labour law, labour relations, social CINA in Face of Changes dialogue, employment and labour market issues. He cooperates with the European institutions, the ILO, and many academic and research centres in Poland, Germany and other European countries. on the Labour Market Poland has been building its market economy for slightly more than a quarter of a century and has been a member of the European Union for thirteen years. Currently, Poland can feel the results of the in Poland. international crisis, but with some delay compared to the other European countries. Despite its stable Crisis to Breakthrough From of Changes on the Labour Social Dialogue in Face Market in Poland. economic development and relatively low unemployment, a deterioration in the quality of labour From Crisis relations is noticeable, and what is more Poland recorded a rapid increase in such forms of atypical employment and fi xed-term employment, reaching the highest levels among the EU countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Merry Christmas!
    “Together – We Can and We Will” ZGODA THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE OF THE U.S. OF N.A. The officialPOLISH Publication NATIONAL of ALLIANCE the Polish OCTOBER/NOVEMBER/DECEMBERNational 2016 Alliance www.pna-znp.org of North America1881-2016 Vol. 149; No. 4 MERRYMERRY CHRISTMAS!CHRISTMAS! WESOŁYCHWESOŁYCH ŚWIĄT!ŚWIĄT! 3 Presidents’ Corner (USPS 699-120) Published Quarterly 4 From the Editor The Official Publication 5 – 41 Fraternal News & Activities of the Polish National Alliance • Christmas Greetings 6100 N. Cicero Avenue • From the Manager of Sales Chicago, IL 60646-4385 • Fraternal Life of Council 21 Phone: (773) 286-0500 • Polish Festival in San Diego Fax: (773) 286-0842 • Wici’s Excursion to Italy www.pna-znp.org • 60th Anniversary of “Krakusy” • Ditrict VIII Bowling Tournament Polish National Alliance • 10th Anniversary of the PNA Dance Studio of US of NA • It’s Cool To Be in Polish School Wesley E. Musial • 2016 Photo Contest Results Censor • “Dozynki” Festival in Yorba Linda Irene S. Grabowy • A Run for Camp Stanica Vice Censor • Pulaski Parade 2016 • Council 178 Social Party Executive Committee • We are Proud Of Frank J. Spula • In Memoriam President • “Old Man River” Excursion David G. Milcinovic • 90th Anniversary of the “Silver Bell” Vice President • District I Convention Charles A. Komosa • Scholarships Announcements National Secretary Marian Grabowski 42 – 53 Life of Polonia Treasurer • Madelaine Albright Meets with the PAC • Donald Trump Meets with the PAC Send all articles, correspondence • PAC-Western Massachusetts Heritage Banquet and materials to: • “The Whisperers” at the Polish Center ZGODA Magazine • The Orchard Lake Schools Alicja Kuklinska • Miss Polonia Massachusetts Editor • The PAC Meeting and Elections • 1050th Anniversary of Christianity in Poland e-mail: [email protected] 6100 N.
    [Show full text]
  • Focus 2017 World Film Market Trends Tendances Du Marché Mondial Du Film Pages Pub Int Focus 2010:Pub Focus 29/04/10 10:54 Page 1
    7 1 0 FOCUS 2 S D N E M R L I T F T D E L K R R O A M TEND ANCES W DU MAR CHÉ MONDIAL DU FILM Eur opean Au diovisua l Obs ervator y Box Offi ce Access one of the most dynamic and fastest growing film and television markets in the world through the Dubai Film Market. /Open doors to new markets /Tap into an audience of 414 million people /Forge partnerships with industry leaders from over 75 countries Vidsuitb uasifi lamt fethste.c oUm AE Pavilliodn ubaifilmfestival dubaifilm dif f Village International Riviera 136 # 17 Unloc k focus 2017 World Film Market Trends Tendances du marché mondial du film Pages Pub int Focus 2010:Pub Focus 29/04/10 10:54 Page 1 ISSN: 1962-4530 Lay-out: Acom*Europe | © 2011, Marché du Film | Printed: Global Rouge, Les Deux-Ponts Imprimé sur papier labélisé issu de forêts gérées durablement. Imprimé sur papier labelisé issu de forêts gérées durablement. Printed on paper from sustainably managed forests. Printed on paper from sustainably managed forests. 2 Editors Martin Kanzler ([email protected]) Julio Talavera Milla ([email protected]) Film Analysts, Department for Market Information, European Audiovisual Observatory Editorial assistants, LUMIERE Database Laura Ene, Valérie Haessig, Patrizia Simone Lay-out: Acom* Media (Paris) © 2017, Marché du Film Printed: Global Rouge (Les Deux-Ponts) 2 Editorial As a publication of the Marché du Film, FOCUS FOCUS, une publication du Marché du Film, sera will be an essential reference for professional une référence incontournable pour tous les partici- attendees this year.
    [Show full text]
  • Download.Xsp/WMP20100280319/O/M20100319.Pdf (Last Accessed 15 April 2018)
    Milieux de mémoire in Late Modernity GESCHICHTE - ERINNERUNG – POLITIK STUDIES IN HISTORY, MEMORY AND POLITICS Herausgegeben von / Edited by Anna Wolff-Pow ska & Piotr Forecki ę Bd./Vol. 24 GESCHICHTE - ERINNERUNG – POLITIK Zuzanna Bogumił / Małgorzata Głowacka-Grajper STUDIES IN HISTORY, MEMORY AND POLITICS Herausgegeben von / Edited by Anna Wolff-Pow ska & Piotr Forecki ę Bd./Vol. 24 Milieux de mémoire in Late Modernity Local Communities, Religion and Historical Politics Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Cover image: © Dariusz Bogumił This project was supported by the National Science Centre in Poland grant no. DEC-2013/09/D/HS6/02630. English translation and editing by Philip Palmer Reviewed by Marta Kurkowska-Budzan, Jagiellonian University ISSN 2191-3528 ISBN 978-3-631-67300-3 (Print) E-ISBN 978-3-653-06509-1 (E-PDF) E-ISBN 978-3-631-70830-9 (EPUB) E-ISBN 978-3-631-70831-6 (MOBI) DOI 10.3726/b15596 Open Access: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 unported license. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ © Zuzanna Bogumił / Małgorzata Głowacka-Grajper, 2019 Peter Lang –Berlin ∙ Bern ∙ Bruxelles ∙ New York ∙ Oxford ∙ Warszawa ∙ Wien This publication has been peer reviewed. www.peterlang.com Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Acknowledgments Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.
    [Show full text]
  • Working Papers Reception Policies, Practices and Responses Poland
    Working Papers Global Migration: Consequences and Responses Paper 2020/45, March 2020 Reception Policies, Practices and Responses Poland Country Report Marta Pachocka, Konrad Pędziwiatr, Karolina Sobczak-Szelc, Justyna Szałańska Centre of Migration Research, University of Warsaw © Marta Pachocka, Konrad Pędziwiatr, Karolina Sobczak-Szelc, Justyna Szałańska Reference: RESPOND Deliverable 4.1. This research was conducted under the Horizon 2020 project ‘RESPOND Multilevel Governance of Mass Migration in Europe and Beyond’ (#770564). This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Commission. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the RESPOND Project consortium authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. The European Union is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained herein. Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Suggested citation: Pachocka, M., Pędziwiatr, K., Sobczak-Szelc, K., Szałańska, J. (2020). ‘Reception Policies, Practices and Responses. Poland – Country Report’, Multilevel Governance of Mass Migration in Europe and Beyond Project (#770564, Horizon2020) Report Series, Available at: https://www.respondmigration.com/wp-blog/. This document is available for download at: www.respondmigration.com Horizon 2020 RESPOND: Multilevel Governance of Mass Migration in Europe and Beyond (770564) 2 Contents Acknowledgements 5 List of figures 6 List of Tables 7 List of Abbreviations 8 About the Project 9 Executive Summary 10 Introduction 13 Methodology and Sources 15 1. Legal Regulations and Policies of Reception: A Multi-level Perspective 27 1.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Initial Coin Offerings (Icos) for SME Financing
    Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) for SME Financing │ 2 Please cite this publication as: OECD (2019), Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) for SME Financing, www.oecd.org/finance/initial-coin-offerings-for-sme-financing.htm This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. © OECD 2019 │ 3 Foreword Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) like blockchain are a relatively recent arrival in the world of finance, but are already driving new forms of financial innovation, new breeds of financial products, and creating new processes and platforms. Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) are one of the most prominent applications of blockchain for finance, allowing for an innovative and inclusive way of financing for small and medium-sized companies (SMEs). Over the past two years the use of ICOs has gone from ‘too small to care’ to ‘too big to ignore’ for markets and regulators alike. Much of the discourse around ICOs to date has focused on the uncertainty of the applicable regulatory framework for ICOs and crypto-asset markets. This report takes the analysis further, discussing “tokenomics” and limitations in ICO structuring which can give rise to conflicts of interest and expose investors to significant risks. It analyses issues around valuation, accounting and allocation of value, as well as trading of tokens.
    [Show full text]
  • Imaginations and Configurations of Polish Society. from the Middle
    Imaginations and Configurations of Polish Society Polen: Kultur – Geschichte – Gesellschaft Poland: Culture – History – Society Herausgegeben von / Edited by Yvonne Kleinmann Band 3 / Volume 3 Imaginations and Configurations of Polish Society From the Middle Ages through the Twentieth Century Edited by Yvonne Kleinmann, Jürgen Heyde, Dietlind Hüchtker, Dobrochna Kałwa, Joanna Nalewajko-Kulikov, Katrin Steffen and Tomasz Wiślicz WALLSTEIN VERLAG Gedruckt mit Unterstützung der Deutsch-Polnischen Wissenschafts- stiftung (DPWS) und der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (Emmy Noether- Programm, Geschäftszeichen KL 2201/1-1). Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. © Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2017 www.wallstein-verlag.de Vom Verlag gesetzt aus der Garamond und der Frutiger Umschlaggestaltung: Susanne Gerhards, Düsseldorf © SG-Image unter Verwendung einer Fotografie (Y. Kleinmann) von »Staffel«, Nationalstadion Warschau Lithografie: SchwabScantechnik, Göttingen ISBN (Print) 978-3-8353-1904-2 ISBN (E-Book, pdf) 978-3-8353-2999-7 Contents Acknowledgements . IX Note on Transliteration und Geographical Names . X Yvonne Kleinmann Introductory Remarks . XI An Essay on Polish History Moshe Rosman How Polish Is Polish History? . 19 1. Political Rule and Medieval Society in the Polish Lands: An Anthropologically Inspired Revision Jürgen Heyde Introduction to the Medieval Section . 37 Stanisław Rosik The »Baptism of Poland«: Power, Institution and Theology in the Shaping of Monarchy and Society from the Tenth through Twelfth Centuries . 46 Urszula Sowina Spaces of Communication: Patterns in Polish Towns at the Turn of the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Times . 54 Iurii Zazuliak Ius Ruthenicale in Late Medieval Galicia: Critical Reconsiderations .
    [Show full text]
  • Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2013-2019) NATO
    29 November/Novembre 2019 COMMUNIQUE PR/CP(2019)123 Defence Expenditure of NATO Countries (2013-2019) NATO collects defence expenditure data from Allies on a regular basis and presents aggregates and subsets of this information. Each Ally’s Ministry of Defence reports current and estimated future defence expenditure according to an agreed definition of defence expenditure. The amounts represent payments by a national government actually made, or to be made, during the course of the fiscal year to meet the needs of its armed forces, those of Allies or of the Alliance. In the figures and tables that follow, NATO also uses economic and demographic information available from the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs of the European Commission (DG-ECFIN), and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In view of differences between both these sources and national GDP forecasts, and also the definition of NATO defence expenditure and national definitions, the figures shown in this report may diverge considerably from those which are quoted by media, published by national authorities or given in national budgets. Equipment expenditure includes expenditure on major equipment as well as on research and development devoted to major equipment. Personnel expenditure includes pensions paid to retirees. The cut-off date for information used in this report was 21 November 2019. Figures for 2019 are estimates. News and information is routinely placed on the NATO website. This includes audio files, transcripts and high resolution photographs, which are posted as soon as possible after events of media interest. Check the 'What's New' file.
    [Show full text]
  • Nursing – Problems with Its Position in the Health Care System
    Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie 2017; 15 (3): 258–269 www.ejournals.eu/Zdrowie-Publiczne-i-Zarzadzanie, doi:10.4467/20842627OZ.17.026.7806 Nursing – problems with its position in the health care system Maria Kózka Zakład Pielęgniarstwa Klinicznego, Instytut Pielęgniarstwa i Położnictwa, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Jagielloński Collegium Medicum, Konsultant Krajowy w dziedzinie pielęgniarstwa Address for correspondence: Maria Kózka, Zakład Pielęgniarstwa Klinicznego, Instytut Pielęgniarstwa i Położnictwa, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Jagielloński Collegium Medicum, 31-501 Kraków, ul. Kopernika 25, [email protected] Abstract Nurses, the bulk of health care staff, provide care for people of any age, family, group and community backgrounds, the sick and the healthy coming from different environments. Although recognised as an autonomous medical profession, they do not occupy the right position in the health care sys- tem. According to the International Council of Nurses (ICN), nurses can have a significant influence on the efficiency and effectiveness of the entire health care system by performing various tasks and making daily decisions within the framework of executing professional practice. They can also have an important contribution to the process of planning health care, making decisions and the development of effective policy within health care. However, it requires meeting certain conditions, which should include: efficient and well-managed health care system, proper financing system of health services, clearly defined competences of nurses, access to modern methods of care, and also the size of qualified and motivated personnel. This paper presents the problems with the position of nursing in the health care system considering different conditions.
    [Show full text]