Understanding Abundance Patterns of a Declining Seabird: Implications for Monitoring
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Appendix S6 Benthic Habitat Mapping of the Darwin Region
Technical Appendix S6 Ichthys Gas Field Development Project: benthic habitat mapping of the Darwin region—methods of data collection, collation and map production Ichthys Gas Field Development Project: Benthic Habitat Mapping of the Darwin Region— Methods of data collection, collation and map production Rev 0 | 30 March 2011 INPEX Document No. C036-AH-REP-0121 Phone: +61 408 857 056 E-mail: [email protected] Address: 8/260 West Coast Highway Scarborough, WA Web: www.geooceans.com Table of Contents 1. Introduction.............................................................................5 2. Data collection methods ........................................................6 2.1. Towed video survey ................................................................................... 6 2.1.1. Field sampling ............................................................................................ 6 2.1.2. Video transects .......................................................................................... 6 2.1.3. Towed video system .................................................................................. 6 2.1.4. Video data analysis and habitat classification............................................ 7 2.1.5. Quality assurance and quality control ........................................................ 9 2.1.6. Bathymetry ................................................................................................. 9 2.1.7. Depth correction for tide.......................................................................... -
Tide Simplified by Phil Clegg Sea Kayaking Anglesey
Tide Simplified By Phil Clegg Sea Kayaking Anglesey Tide is one of those areas that the more you learn about it, the more you realise you don’t know. As sea kayakers, and not necessarily scientists, we don’t have to know every detail but a simplified understanding can help us to understand and predict what we might expect to see when we are out on the water. In this article we look at the areas of tide you need to know about without having to look it up in a book. Causes of tides To understand tide is convenient to imagine the earth with an envelope of water all around it, spinning once every 24 hours on its north-south axis with the moon on a line parallel to the equator. Moon Gravity A B Earth Ocean C The tides are primarily caused by the gravitational attraction of the moon. Simplifying a bit, at point A the gravitational pull is the strongest causing a high tide, point B experiences a medium pull towards the moon, while point C has the weakest pull causing a second high tide. Because the earth spins once every 24 hours, at any location on its surface there are two high tides and two low tides a day. There are approximately six hours between high tide and low tide. One way of predicting the approximate time of high tide is to add 50 minutes to the high tide of the previous day. The sun has a similar but weaker gravitational effect on the tides. On average this is about 40 percent of that of the moon. -
Maine Guide Training
Maine Guide Training 2021 History of Maine Guides ● First hired guides in Maine were Abenaki people who led European explorers, military officials, traders, priests and lumbermen. ● Guiding industry emerged in late 1900s as people in more urban and industrialized regions sought wilderness for recreation ● Cornelia “Fly Rod” Crosby was first guide licensed in 1897; 1700 others were licensed that year. Maine’s Legal Definition of “Guide” Any person who receives any form of remuneration for his services in accompanying or assisting any person in the fields, forests or on the waters or ice within the jurisdiction of the State while hunting, fishing, trapping, boating, snowmobiling or camping at a primitive camping area. Sea Kayaking Guide Specialization Guides can lead paddlesports trips on the State's territorial seas and tributaries of the State up to the head of tide and out to the three mile limit. This classification includes overnight camping trips in conjunction with those sea-kayaking and paddlesports. Testing Process 1. Criminal Background Check 2. Oral Examination ■ Chart and compass work ■ Catastrophic scenario 3. Written Examination (minimum score of 70 to pass) What Maine Sea Kayak Guides CAn Do ● Lead commercial sea kayaking and SUP trips on Maine’s coastal waters ● Lead overnight camping trips associated with these trips (new as of 2005) ● Lead trips with up to 12 people per guide What Sea Kayak Guides CAN’T Do ● Lead paddling trips on inland waters (by kayak, canoe, SUP or raft) ● Take clients fishing or hunting ● Lead trips that require another type of guide license What are the qualities that you most appreciated in guides you’ve encountered? ● Wilderness Guide Association’s Definition of a Guide A trained and experienced professional with a high level of nature awareness. -
Popular Summary Glacier Ice Mass Fluctuations and Fault Instability In
popular summary Glacier Ice Mass Fluctuations and Fault Instability in Tectonically Active Southern Alaska by Jeanne M. Sauber and Bruce F. Molnia Across southern Alaska the northwest directed subduction of the Pacific plate is accompanied by accretion of the Yakutat terrane to continental Alaska. This has led to high tectonic strain rates and dramatic topographic relief of more than 5000 meters within 15 km of the Gulf of Alaska coast. The glaciers of this area are extensive and include large glaciers undergoing wastage (glacier retreat and thinning) and surges. The large glacier ice mass changes perturb the tectonic rate of deformation at a variety of temporal and spatial scales. We estimated surface displacements and stresses associated with ice mass fluctuations and tectonic loading by examining GPS geodetic observations and numerical model predictions. Although the glacial fluctuations perturb the tectonic stress field, especially at shallow depths, the largest contribution to ongoing crustal deformation is horizontal tectonic strain due to plate convergence. Tectonic forces are thus the primary force responslble for major eartnquakes. Xowever, for geodefic sites located < 10-20 km from major ice mass fluctuations, the changes of the solid Earth due to ice loading and unloading are an important aspect of interpreting geodetic results. The ice changes associated with Bering Glacier’s most recent surge cycle are large enough to cause discernible surface displacements. Additionally, ice mass fluctuations associated with the surge cycle can modify the shod-term seismicity rates in a local region. For the thrust faulting environment of the study region a large decrease in ice load may cause an increase in seismic rate in a region close to failure whereas ice loading may inhibit thrust faulting. -
Tsunamis Following the 1992 Nicaragua and Flores Events
Pure Appl. Geophys. 176 (2019), 2771–2793 Ó 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02244-x Pure and Applied Geophysics Twenty-Five Years of Progress in the Science of ‘‘Geological’’ Tsunamis Following the 1992 Nicaragua and Flores Events 1 EMILE A. OKAL Abstract—We review a set of 47 tsunamis of geological origin Mindanao, Philippines, and in 1983 in the Sea of (triggered by earthquakes, landslides or volcanoes) which have Japan. While substantial progress was made in the occurred over the past 25 years and provided significant new insight into theoretical, experimental, field, or societal aspects of 1970s and 1980s on the theoretical and experimental tsunami science. Among the principal developments in our com- front (e.g., Hammack 1973; Ward 1980; Bernard and mand of various aspects of tsunamis, we earmark the development Milburn 1985), scientists still lacked the motivation of the W-phase inversion for the low-frequency moment tensor of the parent earthquake; the abandonment of the concept of a max- provided by exceptional and intriguing field imum earthquake magnitude for a given subduction zone, observations. controlled by simple plate properties; the development and The two tsunamis of 02 September 1992 in implementation of computer codes simulating the interaction of tsunamis with initially dry land at beaches, thus introducing a Nicaragua and 12 December 1992 in Flores Island, quantitative component to realistic tsunami warning procedures; Indonesia provided our community with a wealth of and the recent in situ investigation of current velocities, in addition challenges which spawned a large number of new to the field of surface displacements, during the interaction of investigations covering the observational, experi- tsunamis with harbors. -
Paul R. Carlson, Bruce F. Molnia and William P. Levy This Report Is
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CONTINUOUS ACOUSTIC PROFILES AND SEDIMENTOLOGIC DATA FROM R/V SEA SOUNDER CRUISE (S-l-76), EASTERN GULF OF ALASKA Paul R. Carlson, Bruce F. Molnia and William P. Levy OPEN FILE REPORT 80-65 This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with Geological Survey standards and nomenclature Menlo Park, California INTRODUCTION In June 1976, a scientific party from the U.S. Geological Survey, conducted a high resolution geophysical and seafloor sediment sampling cruise (S-l-76) in the eastern Gulf of Alaska between Sitka and Seward (fig. 1), to obtain data on seafloor hazards pertinent to OCS oil and gas lease sale activity. We had previously participated in four cruises to this area and had begun developing a regional "picture" of the geologic hazards on the continental shelf, between Prince William Sound and Yakutat Bay. Cruise S-l-76 was planned to investigate, in greater detail, specific hazards previously identified on this portion of the shelf and to run some reconnaissance lines on the shelf east of Yakutat Bay. In addition to the data collected on the shelf, we used this opportunity to investigate the three major navigable bays that interupt the coast line in this portion of the eastern Gulf of Alaska (Lituya Bay, Yakutat Bay, and Icy Bay-fig. 1). This report contains a list of the seismic reflection records and shipboard logs that are publicly available and includes trackline maps and a text. Included in the report are: (1) examples of characteristic seismic profiles, (2) descriptions of geologic hazards observed on specific profiles, and (3) summary descriptions of sediment samples and bottom photographs. -
Oceans 11 Teaching Resources Vol 1
Oceans 11 A Teaching Resource Volume 1 1 Foreword Oceans 11 curriculum was developed by the Nova Scotia Department of Education as part of a joint project with the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans. This curriculum reflects the framework described in Foundation for the Atlantic Canada Science Curriculum. Oceans 11 satisfies the second science credit requirement for high school graduation. Oceans 11 includes the following modules: Structure and Motion, Marine Biome, Coastal Zone, Aquaculture, and Fisheries. Oceans 11: A Teaching Resource, Volume 1 is intended to complement the curriculum guide, Oceans 11. The sample activities in this resource address the outcomes described in Oceans 11 for the three compulsory modules: Structure and Motion, Marine Biome, and Coastal Zone. Oceans 11: A Teaching Resource, Volume 2 is intended to complement Oceans 11. The sample activities in it address the outcomes for the modules Aquaculture and Fisheries. Teachers may choose to do one of these units or to divide their class into groups that focus on a unit. 2 Contents Structure and Motion Introduction Materials The Ocean Industry in Nova Scotia The Ocean Industry in Nova Scotia, Teacher Notes When Humans and the Ocean Meet When Humans and the Ocean Meet, Teacher Notes Bodies of Water Bodies of Water, Teacher Notes Bathymetric Profile Sketching Bathymetric Profile Sketching, Teacher Notes Water Facts Water Facts, Teacher Notes Comparing Densities of Fresh Water and Seawater Comparing Densities of Fresh Water and Seawater, Teacher Notes The Effects -
Enon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project Final Report Site Specific
Enon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project Final Report Site Specific Archaeological Restoration at SEW-440 and SEW-488 Restoration Project 95007B Final Report Linda Finn Yarborough United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Chugach National Forest 3301 C St., Suite 300 Anchorage, Alaska 99503 October 1997 Site Specific Archaeological Restoration at SEW440 and SEW488 Restoration Project 95007B Final Report Siw:The project effort was initiated under Restoration Project 94007B.An annual progress report was issued in January, 1995 by Yarborough, L., under the title Restoration ~ -1995. Theproject continued under Restoration Project 95007B, the subject of annual this report. A second progress report was prepared in September 1995 by Yarborough, L., under the title 1s Reuort. Seutember 1995. FY 95 wasthe last field season for this project. Data analysis and project report preparation took place in FY 96 and FY97.Papers were prepared for presentation and peer reviewed publication, and results were presented to the public in FY 97. Abstract: Project 94007 provided for restoration of two archaeological sites damaged during the Exxon Vuldez Oil Spill and its subsequent cleanup program. Test excavations were carried out at both SEW-440 and SEW-488 during 1994. Analysis and completion of excavations at SEW-488 took place in 1995. Analysis continued in 1996 and 1997. Each site was assessed in the field and mapped prior to testing. Data recovery work yielded both environmental and cultural information. Both sites appear to have been intermittently occupied, SEW-440 over a period of almost 2000 years, and SEW-488 for up to 3000 years. Artifact and zooarchaeological analyses resulted in information on prehistoric technology, subsistence, seasonality and site use. -
Tidal Theory
TIDAL THEORY By Phil Clegg, Sea Kayaking Anglesey Tide is one of those areas that the more you learn about it, the more you realise you don’t know. As sea kayakers (and dinghy sailors) and not necessarily scientists, we don’t have to know every detail but a simplified understanding can help us to understand and predict what we might expect to see when we are out on the water. Causes of Tide To understand tide it is convenient to imagine the earth with an envelope of water all around it, spinning once every 24 hours on its north-south axis with the moon on a line parallel to the equator. Moon Gravity A B Earth C Ocean The tides are primarily caused by the gravitational attraction of the moon. Simplifying a bit, at point A the gravitational pull is the strongest causing a high tide, point B experiences a medium pull towards the moon, while point C has the weakest pull causing a second high tide. Because the earth spins once every 24 hours, at any location on its surface there are two high tides and two low tides a day. There are approximately six hours between high tide and low tide. One way of predicting the approximate time of high tide is to add 50 minutes to the high tide of the previous day. The sun has a similar but weaker gravitational effect on the tides. On average this is about 40 percent of that of the moon. The main importance of the sun is the effect of either reinforcing the moon’s force or reducing it depending on their positions relative to each other. -
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Authors Bretwood Higman, Dan H Shugar, Colin P Stark, Göran Ekström, Michele N Koppes, Patrick Lynett, Anja Dufresne, Peter J Haeussler, Marten Geertsema, Sean Gulick, Andrew Mattox, Jeremy G Venditti, Maureen A L Walton, Naoma McCall, Erin Mckittrick, Breanyn MacInnes, Eric L Bilderback, Hui Tang, Michael J Willis, Bruce Richmond, Robert S Reece, Chris Larsen, Bjorn Olson, James Capra, Aykut Ayca, Colin Bloom, Haley Williams, Doug Bonno, Robert Weiss, Adam Keen, Vassilios Skanavis, and Michael Loso This article is available at CU Scholar: https://scholar.colorado.edu/geol_facpapers/32 www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The 2015 landslide and tsunami in Taan Fiord, Alaska Bretwood Higman1, Dan H. Shugar 2, Colin P. Stark3, Göran Ekström3, Michele N. Koppes4, Patrick Lynett5, Anja Dufresne6, Peter J. Haeussler7, Marten Geertsema8, Sean Gulick 9, 1 10 11 9 Received: 8 November 2017 Andrew Mattox , Jeremy G. Venditti , Maureen A. L. Walton , Naoma McCall , Erin Mckittrick1, Breanyn MacInnes12, Eric L. Bilderback13, Hui Tang14, Michael J. Willis 15, Accepted: 24 July 2018 Bruce Richmond11, Robert S. Reece16, Chris Larsen17, Bjorn Olson1, James Capra18, Aykut Ayca5, Published: xx xx xxxx Colin Bloom12, Haley Williams4, Doug Bonno2, Robert Weiss14, Adam Keen5, Vassilios Skanavis5 & Michael Loso 19 Glacial retreat in recent decades has exposed unstable slopes and allowed deep water to extend beneath some of those slopes. Slope failure at the terminus of Tyndall Glacier on 17 October 2015 sent 180 million tons of rock into Taan Fiord, Alaska. The resulting tsunami reached elevations as high as 193 m, one of the highest tsunami runups ever documented worldwide. Precursory deformation began decades before failure, and the event left a distinct sedimentary record, showing that geologic evidence can help understand past occurrences of similar events, and might provide forewarning. -
Tide 1 Tides Are the Rise and Fall of Sea Levels Caused by the Combined
Tide 1 Tide The Bay of Fundy at Hall's Harbour, The Bay of Fundy at Hall's Harbour, Nova Scotia during high tide Nova Scotia during low tide Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of the Earth. Most places in the ocean usually experience two high tides and two low tides each day (semidiurnal tide), but some locations experience only one high and one low tide each day (diurnal tide). The times and amplitude of the tides at the coast are influenced by the alignment of the Sun and Moon, by the pattern of tides in the deep ocean (see figure 4) and by the shape of the coastline and near-shore bathymetry.[1] [2] [3] Most coastal areas experience two high and two low tides per day. The gravitational effect of the Moon on the surface of the Earth is the same when it is directly overhead as when it is directly underfoot. The Moon orbits the Earth in the same direction the Earth rotates on its axis, so it takes slightly more than a day—about 24 hours and 50 minutes—for the Moon to return to the same location in the sky. During this time, it has passed overhead once and underfoot once, so in many places the period of strongest tidal forcing is 12 hours and 25 minutes. The high tides do not necessarily occur when the Moon is overhead or underfoot, but the period of the forcing still determines the time between high tides. -
Bibliography of United States Landslide Maps and Reports Christopher S. Alger and Earl E. Brabb1 Open-File Report 85-585 This Re
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Bibliography of United States landslide maps and reports Christopher S. Alger and Earl E. Brabb 1 Open-File Report 85-585 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. 1 Menlo Park, California Contents Page Introductlon......................................... 1 Text References...................................... 8 Bibliographies With Landslide References............. 8 Multi State-United States Landslide Maps and Reports. 8 Alabama.............................................. 9 Alaska............................................... 9 American Samoa....................................... 14 Arizona.............................................. 14 Arkansas............................................. 16 California........................................... 16 Colorado............................................. 41 Connecticut.......................................... 51 Delaware............................................. 51 District of Columbia................................. 51 Florida.............................................. 51 Georgi a.............................................. 51 Guam................................................. 51 Hawa i i............................................... 51 Idaho................................................ 52 II1i noi s............................................. 54 Indiana.............................................