THE BIBLE SAYS . . . WHAT? Matthew 1:18-2:23 & Luke 1:26-56; 2:1-40

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

THE BIBLE SAYS . . . WHAT? Matthew 1:18-2:23 & Luke 1:26-56; 2:1-40 First Congregational United Church of Christ – Eugene, Oregon THE BIBLE SAYS . WHAT? Matthew 1:18-2:23 & Luke 1:26-56; 2:1-40 “INFANCY NARRATIVE - I” (Introduction) The Christmas story describing Jesus’ birth is one of the best-known and most celebrated stories of the Christian Church. It is read, re-told, and re-enacted every year in churches along with all the props necessary to remind us that together with Mary, Joseph and the baby in a manger, there were shepherds, angels, and Wise Men—and, of course, the Star of Bethlehem! There was also the evil King Herod, the flight of the holy family to Egypt and the return to Nazareth, all wrapped up into one story of holiday cheer with tinsel on top! There is no need to analyze the story because its meaning is clear to everyone. It’s the story of Jesus’ birth, pure and simple. Or is it? Earlier, in our discussion of Gospel, we suggested that the stories about Jesus’ birth are not of the same genre as Gospel. Instead, the stories about Jesus’ birth employ a literary form called Infancy Narrative which has been set within that of Gospel. We also suggested that the Infancy Narratives are Christological statements (theological interpretations of the person of Christ) rather than biographical details from a point of view contemporary with the birth of Jesus. An Infancy narrative can be found in both the Old and New Testaments, as well as in the biblical culture of which it is a part, but not in our own culture. The author of an Infancy Narrative is not trying to describe the exact details of someone’s birth but instead wants to help his audience understand that the person he is writing about was “special” from the beginning. The Infancy Narratives in Matthew and Luke, therefore, are not written from a point of view contemporary with Jesus’ birth but in hindsight in light of subsequent events in order to teach what came to be known and believed about Jesus after his death and resurrection. Most scholars agree that the Gospels were written “backwards.” The Gospel writers began with what they considered the most important thing about Jesus, namely his crucifixion and resurrection, and then added miracle stories and other remembered sayings and deeds to support their faith portraits of Jesus as they worked in reverse. For Matthew and Luke, that meant a birth narrative was added last. Consequently, the two stories about Jesus’ birth are Christological rather than biographical and should be read as theological statements about the person of Christ rather than as biographical details about Jesus’ birth. They were written by looking backward through the experience of the resurrection in order to claim for “The Risen One” an origin that was as God-revealing as was his ending. Matthew’s and Luke’s accounts, though separate, share much in common. Joseph is of Davidic descent. Mary and Joseph are engaged but not yet married at the time of Jesus’ conception. Mary conceives through the Holy Spirit. An angel directs that the child should be named Jesus. The angel says that Jesus is to be a savior. Joseph takes Mary as his wife and Jesus is born in Bethlehem during the time of Herod the Great. Jesus grows up in Nazareth. But just as there are similarities within the two stories, there are also differences: First Congregational United Church of Christ – Eugene, Oregon Only in Matthew Only in Luke The annunciation to Joseph The annunciation to Mary The Star over Bethlehem Annunciation to Elizabeth and Zechariah The Magi from the East The census during Quirinius’ reign Herod’s plot against Jesus “Firstborn” in swaddling clothes/manger Herod’s massacre of infants The shepherds & angelic hosts The flight into Egypt Presentation of Jesus in the temple What is the significance of these differences? Are both authors simply choosing to include and exclude certain things? Or is something of deeper significance going on here? DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. Do you agree or disagree with this paper that the infancy stories are “Christological” (a theological attempt to interpret the Person of Christ) rather than “biographical” (historical depiction of the life of Jesus)? Explain your reasoning. 2. If you agree, what problems or questions does your conclusion leave unanswered for you? If you disagree, how would you explain to someone who asked your rationale for doing so? 3. Do the differing details surrounding Jesus’ birth in Matthew and Luke raise any specific concerns for you? What are they and how do you reconcile them with your present beliefs? 4. What difference does it make for you to either insist on the historicity of the Virgin Birth or to explain it as a literary device for interpreting the Person of Christ? Explain your answer. 5. What would you say to someone about the meaning of Jesus’ birth for you? Would it differ from the way you might explain the birth of one of your own children? How and why? NEXT WEEK “MIDRASH” Google “Reading the New Testament as Midrash” and “Midrash and the Gospels” Spong, John Shelby, “The Method Called Midrash”, chapter 1, Resurrection: Myth or Reality?, Harper San Francisco, 1994 (In our church library) .
Recommended publications
  • Heaven's Got Talent
    HEAVEN’S GOT TALENT by Brian Yapko Copyright Notice CAUTION: Professionals and amateurs are hereby warned that this Work is subject to a royalty. This Work is fully protected under the copyright laws of the United States of America and all countries with which the United States has reciprocal copyright relations, whether through bilateral or multilateral treaties or otherwise, and including, but not limited to, all countries covered by the Pan-American Copyright Convention, the Universal Copyright Convention and the Berne Convention. RIGHTS RESERVED: All rights to this Work are strictly reserved, including professional and amateur stage performance rights. Also reserved are: motion picture, recitation, lecturing, public reading, radio broadcasting, television, video or sound recording, all forms of mechanical or electronic reproduction, such as CD-ROM, CD-I, DVD, information and storage retrieval systems and photocopying, and the rights of translation into non-English languages. PERFORMANCE RIGHTS AND ROYALTY PAYMENTS: All amateur and stock performance rights to this Work are controlled exclusively by Christian Publishers. No amateur or stock production groups or individuals may perform this play without securing license and royalty arrangements in advance from Christian Publishers. Questions concerning other rights should be addressed to Christian Publishers. Royalty fees are subject to change without notice. Professional and stock fees will be set upon application in accordance with your producing circumstances. Any licensing requests and inquiries relating to amateur and stock (professional) performance rights should be addressed to Christian Publishers. Royalty of the required amount must be paid, whether the play is presented for charity or profit and whether or not admission is charged.
    [Show full text]
  • Astronomical Calculations for The
    Astronomical Calculations for The Real Star of Bethlehem While the spectacular astronomical signs in the 18 months from May 3 B.C. to December 2 B.C. would have caused wonderful interpretations by astrologers on behalf of Augustus and the Roman Empire, the Magi decided to go to Jerusalem with gifts to a newborn Jewish king. The Magi focused on Judaea and not Rome at this crucial time in history. Let us look at some of the astrological and biblical factors that may have brought the Magi to Jerusalem and then to Bethlehem. Since the New Testament says the Magi saw the “star” rising in the east, it would most naturally be called a “morning star.” The Book of Revelation has Jesus saying of himself, “I am the root and offspring of David, and the bright and morning star.” 1 The apostle Peter also mentioned that Jesus was symbolically associated with “the day star.” 2 The above verses refer to celestial bodies that were well known and recognized in the 1st century and they inspired symbolic messianic interpretation by early Christians. There were several prophecies in Isaiah which generally were interpreted as referring to the Messiah. One has definite astronomical overtones to it. Isaiah said, “The Gentiles shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising.” 3 This prophecy could easily refer to the rising of some star. It would be particularly appropriate to a “morning” or “day” star. Luke, in his Gospel, referring to the celestial symbolism of Isaiah 60:3 which spoke of God as being “the daybreak [the rising] from on high that hath visited us, to give light to them that sit in darkness.” 4 Astronomy and the New Testament These references reveal that celestial bodies were symbolically important to the New Testament writers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Birth of Christ & Christmas Star- a Possible Explanation
    The Birth of Christ & Christmas Star- A Possible Explanation By Rich Jacobs, M.D. Godʼs Word tells us about the “Star of Bethlehem”. This star has baffled believers and cynics alike for generations. To know what the Christmas star could have been, we must first look at what Godʼs Word has to say about it. Then, we must look to the historical and astronomical clues to gather the facts we need to come to a conclusion. And, we must forget all the wrong things we have been told about the Star and that wonderful night, if we are to come to the truth. Letʼs begin with Godʼs Word. Matthew 2:1-12 1 After Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea, during the time of King Herod, Magi from the east came to Jerusalem 2 and asked, "Where is the one who has been born king of the Jews? We saw his star in the east and have come to worship him." 3 When King Herod heard this he was disturbed, and all Jerusalem with him. 4 When he had called together all the people's chief priests and teachers of the law, he asked them where the Christ was to be born. 5 "In Bethlehem in Judea," they replied, "for this is what the prophet has written: 6 "'But you, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah; for out of you will come a ruler who will be the shepherd of my people Israel.'" 7 Then Herod called the Magi secretly and found out from them the exact time the star had appeared.
    [Show full text]
  • Star of Bethlehem: an Astronomical and Historical Perspective
    THE STAR OF BETHLEHEM: AN ASTRONOMICAL AND HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE By Susan S. Carroll The Star of Bethlehem is one of the most powerful, and enigmatic, symbols of Christianity. Second perhaps only to the Cross of the Crucifixion, the importance of its role in the story of the Nativity of the Christ child is almost on a par with the birth itself. However, the true origin of the Star of Bethlehem has baffled astronomers, historians, and theologians for the past two millennia. For the purposes of this discussion we shall consider four possibilities: That the star was a one-shot occurrence - never before seen and has not been seen since; it was placed in the sky by God to announce the birth of His Son; That the Star was added to the story of the Nativity after the fact; That the Star was a real, documentable astronomical object; That the entire New Testament is fake. If you subscribe to the first theory, then we, as astronomers, have nothing to talk about. It was a supernatural miracle that defies scientific explanation. However, many theologians insist on putting some sort of divine interpretation on Matthew s writings. By admitting that the Star was a natural phenomenon, with an actual scientific explanation, is tantamount to totally removing its heavy symbolic significance. After all, how could something so miraculous have such a mundane explanation? There is a certain amount of credence to the second theory. At the time of Jesus' birth, very few people recognized its significance. The only time the Star is mentioned at all is in the Book of Matthew.
    [Show full text]
  • Advent Brochure--Journey to Bethlehem
    Letters to My Sons The Advent Wreath was At the holiday time I write a letter to each of my boys. In Originally a German Custom JOURNEY TO BETHLEHEM the letter I review things that have happened over the year, Make an Advent wreath to use as accomplishments that they have had, sometimes even their the centerpiece of your weekly shoe size or batting average. I also tell them again how proud devotions. of them I am and how much I love them. I let them read the Start with a circular letter and then I put it away. I had originally thought I would base. The circle SHARING THE STORY give back the letters when they turned eighteen. I have represents God’s decided, however, to continue the tradition until each one is unending love. out of college. Fasten evergreen Sleep Under a Tree An Easy Christmas Dinner Gifts branches to the Let the kids sleep in sleeping bags under the Advent Small packages are placed on the plates at the beginning base. Evergreens Christmas tree the night after Christmas. It’s fun to Calendar of our Christmas dinner. These gifts are chosen with the represent look up through the branches toward the top of the My two-year-old intention of bringing our minds back to Christ after a busy everlasting life. tree, and to fall asleep with the soft glow of the tree daughter and I season of excitement, shopping, and gift giving. (Use artificial lights. For safety, an adult should be sure to turn made our own Among our favorite gifts have been small heart paper greens to reduce the the lights off after the youngsters are asleep.
    [Show full text]
  • Christmas Ball Star of Bethlehem by Mary Ann Stephens
    “Star of Bethlehem” Christmas Ball Pattern overview: Circularly-knit, ball-shaped ornament with symmetrical, stranded knitting motif repeated across all four panels. I-cord hanging loop is shown, but the common crocheted chain loop will work, too. If you’re having trouble understanding the layout of the chart, this article of mine should prove helpful. Suggested yarn: A (background): One 50g ball of Dale of Norway “Heilo” 100% Norwegian wool or “Falk” 100% superwash wool in Off-White #0018. B (motif): One 50g ball of Dale of Norway “Gullfasan” 90% viscose / 10% polyamide metallic yarn in Gold #2633. Note: Heilo and Gullfasan have been discontinued; Falk is no longer sold in North America. To get comparably sized balls (approximately 3” / 8cm) you can substitute with many other sport to DK weight yarns. GAUGE: The gauge on the ball shown is about 28 stitches per 4” / 10cm. But, in this case, the gauge is not crucial. What matters is that you’re happy with the resulting fabric and that you keep your gauge consistent across multiple balls, especially if they will be hanging together on your tree. NEEDLES: US #3 / 3.25mm, or whatever size needle you need to obtain your preferred gauge. You can use double-pointed needles (extra helpful, but not essential, for the I-cord hanging loop), one long circular needle with the magic loop method, or two circular needles. NOTIONS: Wool or polyester batting, to stuff the balls. I always love wool, and it makes a nice, firm stuffing, especially for balls that are meant to be decorative keepsakes.
    [Show full text]
  • Youth 2016
    Youth 2016 x-mas <when the clock strikes 0 A.D.> Script by Esther Chung Edited by Ephraim Hui Christmas Eve Gabriel and Michael walking talking Michael (holding watch looking at it): What time is it, Gabriel? Gabriel: (looks down at Michael and his watch confused) (playfully) Uhhh.. It’s exactly the fourteenth year of Augustus… you know annus quattuordecimus, as these Romans say. Michael: No, no, no! I want it in the new time. I can’t remember! Is it B.C. or A.D? Gabriel: (excited) Oh yeah! It’s about time for the changeover! Tonight at midnight, the Lord God lights that new star over Bethlehem… then all the angels have to set their watches ahead to A.D.! Michael: Oh okay A.D. ... What’s that mean? Gabriel: ( trying to remember) I remember it means anno Domini, year of the Lord. It means Jesus Time. The whole world is going to use it! It all becomes official as soon as the Lord God takes the brakes off that new star! Michael:(stops walking) (cautiously) Hey, Gabriel, how are they coming along on that new star? Gabriel: (stop, turn, getting excited) I just flew by the Star Foundry yesterday. Mike, this is going to be a big one! Bright too! You remember how all the angels were wearing sunglasses when the Lord God started dumping the hydrogen in Andromeda? Well, This one’s bigger and brighter. It makes Halley’s comet look like a (looking for words)…...sulfur match! Michael: (walk again with Gabriel) Sulfur Match? © 2016 University Presbyterian Church Gabriel: (turn, walking) Never mind, Michael! They’re pumping the helium in now.
    [Show full text]
  • Ukrainian Christmas for Children
    Ukrainian Christmas for Children From the library of Hotuys, contents a magazine for Plast youth, published by “Plast Publishing USA- 3 Celebrating Christmas Canada”, 2199 Bloor Street West, Toronto ON, M6S 1N2, Canada. 4 Roots of traditions, Meanings Co-publisher: “Koota Ooma”, 842 The Queensway, Toronto ON, M8Z 1N7 5 Vertep and caroling All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or 6 Sviat-vechir - Christmas Eve in part without written permission is prohibited. 7 Kutia Editor and author of text: Tanya Dzulynsky 8 12 dishes - Decipher the words 10 Didukh, Kutia at Buckingham Palace Layout: Luda Pawliw 11 Word game Illustrations: Oles Slywynsky, Luda Pawliw, 12 How to make a star Leonid Denysenko and Melania Pawliw: 13 How one family celebrates A pioneer Christmas story 16 How the community celebrates Photographs: 17 Family tree Roman Dubczak, Ostap Mojsiak, Orest Dzulynsky, Oksana Zakydalsky, 18 A pioneer Christmas story Valentina Kuryliw, Irene Makaryk, 27 Answers Roman Hrycyshyn, Khrystia Kolos 28 Carol: Boh predvichnyi Thank you to those who helped: Oksana Kuryliw, Tania Onyschuk, Daria Darewych, Khrystia Zeltway, Lev Piasecky, Raya Juchymenko, The Julian and Gregorian Calendars Daria Baran Publishing, Halyna Junyk, children of the Mojsiak, Dubczak and In 45 BC (Before Christ) the Roman emperor, Julius Caesar, Dzulynsky families. together with the astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria introduced a new calendar, called the Julian calendar. The year was to be on Bibliography average 365.25 days long. It was used by all countries until the Hotuys 1.2002. Plast Magazine; Dzulynsky, T. Trypillia, Ancient Ukraine. 16th century. Toronto: Plast Publishing, 2008; Pisni dlia novatstva, Toronto: Plast In 1582, Pope Gregory XIII introduced a new corrected calendar, Publishing, 2002; which changed the length of the calendar year from 365.25 days Wikipedia: Julian Calendar, to 365.2425 days.
    [Show full text]
  • BEHOLD the STAR!” Rev
    The Spirituals of Christmas: “BEHOLD THE STAR!” Rev. Gary Haller First United Methodist Church Birmingham, Michigan December 18, 2016 In the time of King Herod, after Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea, wise men from the East came to Jerusalem, asking, “Where is the child who has been born king of the Jews? For we observed his star at its rising, and have come to pay him homage.” When King Herod heard this, he was frightened, and all Jerusalem with him... When they had heard the king, they set out; and there, ahead of them, went the star that they had seen at its rising, until it stopped over the place where the child was. When they saw that the star had stopped, they were overwhelmed with joy. On entering the house, they saw the child with Mary his mother; and they knelt down and paid him homage. Then, opening their treasure chests, they offered him gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh. And having been warned in a dream not to return to Herod, they left for their own country by another road. (Matthew 2:1-3, 9-12) When I was a child, the placing of the star on the top of the Christmas tree was the culmination of the process of dressing the tree. We lived on two hundred acres of land outside of Hastings and the back hundred had about a thousand beautiful pine trees someone had planted one time. I don’t think the intent was ever to have a tree farm to sell trees for Christmas.
    [Show full text]
  • Do Not Be Afraid… a Savior Has Been Born for You Who Is Christ and Lord.”
    “Do not be afraid… a savior has been born for you who is Christ and Lord.” Homily by Most Reverend John T. Folda, Bishop of Fargo December 25, 2020 Christmas at midnight St. Mary’s Cathedral, Fargo “Do not be afraid… For today in the city of David a savior has been born for you who is Christ and Lord.” My dear brothers and sisters, on this holy and peaceful night, I want to wish each of you a blessed and Merry Christmas. We all look forward to this celebration every year, and perhaps now more than in past years, we need to hear this message of the angel: “Do not be afraid … a savior has been born for you who is Christ and Lord.” For so many people this past year has been a difficult one. Day after day, week after week, we have experienced the impact of a pandemic that no one could have foreseen when we gathered here last Christmas. This strange affliction has shown us how fragile and vulnerable is our human condition, and how fleeting the things of this world can be. But it wasn’t so different in the days of that first Christmas, for Mary and Joseph, and for the shepherds. They too were vulnerable to physical illness and infirmity, even more than we are. They were at the mercy of an occupying Roman army. Their possessions and even their lives could be taken in an instant. But to all of us, to the people of ancient Judea and to us gathered here tonight, our Lord comes in the flesh.
    [Show full text]
  • Let's Celebrate Our Patron Saint Joseph!
    Let’s Celebrate Our Patron Saint Joseph! ~ Coloring and Learning Activity Book ~ Joseph Was Born in Bethlehem and Worked as a Carpenter Joseph and Mary Met and Fell in Love An Angel Told Joseph Not to be Afraid; God Had Chosen Him for Mary Mary and Joseph Lived in the City of Nazareth Angel Gabriel Visited Mary, “You Will Have a Baby Named Jesus” Joseph and Mary Journeyed to Joseph’s Hometown, Bethlehem Joseph and Mary Traveled Many Long Days Upon Arrival, the Inn Was Full, They Found a Manger for the Night That Night, Baby Jesus Was Born Under the Star of Bethlehem! Three Kings Came Bearing Gifts of Gold, Frankincense and Myrrh The Kings, Wisest of Men, Accepted Jesus as Their Savior Joseph Was a Very Proud, Loving and Protective Foster-Father Joseph Made the Manger Comfortable for Mary and His New Son Joseph, Mary and Baby Jesus Had Many Curious Visitors The Holy Family Rejoiced in the Birth of Baby Jesus! Joseph Accepted Baby Jesus as His Own The Holy Family Gave Thanks to God for the Miracle Upon Them An Angel Then Appeared to Joseph in a Dream, “Flee to Egypt” They Fled to Escape King Herod’s Attempt to Harm Baby Jesus Joseph and His Family Stayed in Egypt Until the Death of Herod Joseph and Mary Had 4 Other Sons: Joseph, James, Jude and Simon Joseph Gave Praise to Be Part of Mary and Jesus’s Family Joseph Was a Mild-Mannered, Conscientious, Loving Father Joseph Prospered as a Contractor and Supported His Family In the 10th Century, March 19 was Dedicated to Saint Joseph St.
    [Show full text]
  • Star Light, Star Bright We Saw His Star When It Rose and Have Come to Worship Him
    THE BRIGHT ST AR OF BET HLEHEM F RIDAY, FIRST WEEK OF A DVENT Star Light, Star Bright We saw his star when it rose and have come to worship him. —Matthew 2:2 ethlehem at night is a beautiful sight. Looking out over the hills of B Bethlehem from the patio of the International Center, adjacent to Christmas Lutheran Church, one is swept away by the shiny and sparkling visibility of all the stars. Isn’t it amazing that the Lord used a star to lead the Wise Men to Jesus? Let me suggest that he continues to do this in our daily lives, both where you are and also in Bethlehem. He is doing this in Bethlehem today by providing opportunities for hundreds of children to attend school. Te Lord is providing parents and teachers to shine the light of Christ into the hearts and minds of college students in the new Lutheran College, right there in Bethlehem. He is bringing his Spirit into the lives of hundreds of older adults who play and pray and ponder anew what the Bright Star of Bethlehem can do. Tat star that led the Magi is certainly not the only star shining brightly in Bethlehem today. Tere are so many others by the names of Rami and Rana and Nuha and Naila and Najwa and on and on and on. Tese are the bright stars of Bethlehem who have been “lit up” by the light of Christ in order to shine out into the dark and dreary world. PR AYER Jesus, Star of Creation, do not let your Light go out in our lives, nor in the lives of the people of Bethlehem.
    [Show full text]