Assiut J. Agric. Sci., (48) No. (1--1) 2017 (173-181) ISSN: 1110-0486 Website: http://www.aun.edu.eg/faculty_agriculture E-mail: [email protected] Phytophagous and Predatory Inhabiting Citrus Trees in Assiut Governorate, Upper Egypt Abdelgayed, A.S.; M.W. Negm; S.A. Eraky; T.Y. Helal and S.F.M. Moussa 1Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. 2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. *Corresponding author ([email protected]) Received on: 14/11/2016 Accepted for publication on:22/11/2016

Abstract Mites play an important role in citrus production whether as pests or bene- ficial predators. Based on published works, about 149 identified species rep- resenting 39 families were previously reported from citrus orchards in Egypt. Field surveys were conducted fortnightly from October 2014 to February 2016 in twenty-eight citrus orchards of eight districts in Assiut Governorate, Egypt to de- termine the species composition of phytophagous and predatory mites. Also, the incidence and distribution of the most important species were reported. Samples were taken from plant leaves, buds and fruits. The citrus brown mite, Eutetrany- chus orientalis (Klein, 1936) (Tetranychidae), the red and black flat mite, Brevi- palpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) (Tenuipalpidae) and the broad mite, Poly- phagotarsonemus latus (Banks, 1904) (Tarsonemidae) seemed to be the most common phytophagous species found in citrus orchards. Several predatory mite species of numerous families were also recorded, of these, Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962; Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) pyri Scheuten, 1857 (Phy- toseiidae) and Agistemus exsertus González-Rodríguez, 1963 (Stigmaeidae) were found to be the most abundant predatory species inhabiting the leaves of manda- rin, lime and orange, while Cheletogenes ornatus (Canestrini and Fanzago, 1876) and Hemicheyletia bakeri (Ehara, 1962) (Cheyletidae) were observed mostly on the fruits. Quantifying the presence of various predatory species inhabiting citrus trees will be an important step for pest mites control. In subsequent studies these predators can be used in biological control programs. Keywords: Mites, citrus, Egypt, diversity, .

Introduction 1986; Kandeel and Nassar, 1986; Ra- Citrus is the most popular fruit hil and Abd-El-Halim, 2000). A re- in Egypt. Egypt is one of the largest cently published checklist, compiled citrus-growing countries and remains from previous publications, included a leading orange producer and ex- 149 mite species pertaining to 39 porter in the world (FAOSTAT, families extracted from Egyptian cit- 2008; GAIN-USDA, 2015). Faunistic rus orchards (Abdelgayed et al., studies focusing on citrus mites in 2015). This work presents the species Egypt are still limited. Few compre- composition of phytophagous and hensive surveys were conducted (Za- predatory mites so far reported from her et al., 1970; Rasmy et al., 1972; citrus trees in Assiut Governorate and Abo-Korah, 1981; Zaher, 1984a,b, adds information about their inci-

Abdelgayed, et al., 2017 http://ajas.js.iknito.com/ dence and distribution. Such informa- Mesbah, 2014), Cunaxidae (Skvarla tion is needed to support future eco- et al., 2014), Eupodidae (Olivier and logical works on Egyptian citrus Theron, 1997), Iolinidae and Tydei- mites. dae (Ueckermann and Grout, 2007), Materials and Methods Phytoseiidae (Chant and McMurtry, Mite collections were made dur- 2007; Abo-Shnaf and Moraes, 2014), ing the period from October 2014 un- Raphignathidae (Fan and Zhang, til February 2016, from eight districts 2005), Stigmaeidae (Khanjani and of Assiut Governorate. The plant Ueckermann, 2002), Tarsonemidae parts (leaves, fruits and buds) of dif- (Zhang, 2003; Nucifora and Vacante, ferent citrus trees (orange, mandarin, 2004), Tenuipalpidae (Meyer, 1979; grapefruit, lemon and lime) were Mesa et al., 2009) and Tetranychidae sampled in searching for mites. Mites (Jeppson et al., 1975). The voucher were collected by direct observation material, preserved as slide-mounted under a stereoscopic microscope of specimens, is deposited in the 40-100 times magnification force and collection of the Department of Plant the specialized hand-held aspirators Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, (BioQuip®, CA, USA) used after Assiut University, Egypt. modifying the collecting chamber by Results and Discussion adding a small piece of light cloth In the present study, thirty-nine (Negm et al., 2012). After direct ex- mite species in 19 families have been amination under the stereomicro- so far reported from citrus trees in scope, the plant materials were put in Assiut (Table 1). Of these, nine spe- Tullgren funnels. The extracted mites cies belong to phytophagous mite were cleared in lactic acid, mounted families (Tarsonemidae, Tenuipalpi- in Hoyer's medium and studied under dae and Tetranychidae), twenty-three a phase contrast research microscope species pertaining to families com- (BH-2, Olympus®, Japan) of 40-2000 posed mostly of predaceous mites times magnification force. The main (Anystidae, Bdellidae, Blattisociidae, classification works followed in the Cheyletidae, Cunaxidae, Melichari- identification of certain mite groups dae, Phytoseiidae, Raphignathidae were as follows: Anystidae (Otto, and Stigmaeidae). The remaining 1999), Bdellidae (Atyeo, 1960; Omu- species belong to families of different kunda et al., 2012; Eghbalian et al., feeding habits (Caligonellidae, Cam- 2016), Blattisociidae (Lindquist and erobiidae, Ereynetidae, Eupodidae, Moraza, 2012; Moraes et al., 2015), Iolinidae, Oribatulidae and Tydei- Caligonellidae (Swift, 1996), Chey- dae). letidae (Fain et al., 2002; Negm and

174 Assiut J. Agric. Sci., (48) No. (1-1) 2017 (173-181) ISSN: 1110-0486 Website: http://www.aun.edu.eg/faculty_agriculture E-mail: [email protected] Table 1. Mite fauna reported from citrus trees during the period from October 2014 to February 2016 in Assiut Governorate, northern Upper Egypt. Mite taxa Plant part and host Locality* Incidence** Anystidae Anystis sp. Leaves of grapefruit, Citrus × paradisi Macfadyen 1, 2 + Paratarsotomus sp. Leaves of mandarin, Citrus reticulata Blanco 1 + Bdellidae Cyta sp. Leaves of mandarin 1 ++ Spinibdella sp. Leaves of mandarin 2 + Blattisociidae Lasioseius parberlesei Bhattacharyya Leaves of mandarin 3 + Caligonellidae Molothrognathus sp. Leaves of sweet orange, Citrus × sinensis (L.) Osbeck 2 + Camerobiidae Neophyllobius sp. Leaves of mandarin and orange 1 ++ Cheyletidae Acaropsella volgini (Gerson) Fruits of mandarin 5 + Cheletogenes ornatus (Canestrini and Fruits of orange and mandarin 1, 2, 3, 5 +++ Fanzago) Hemicheyletia bakeri Ehara Leaves and fruits of mandarin; leaves of grapefruit 1, 2, 5, 6 +++ Cunaxidae Cunaxa capreolus (Berlese) Leaf litter under lime trees, Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle 4 + Dactyloscirus sp. Leaf litter under orange and grapefruit 1 + Neocunaxoides ovatus? Lin, Zhang and Leaf litter under grapefruit 1 + Ji Ereynetidae Ereynetes sp. Leaves of orange 6 + Eupodidae Eupodes sp. Leaves of orange 1, 2 + Iolinidae Pronematus sp. Leaves of lime; fruits of orange and mandarin 1, 5, 6 +++ Melicharidae Proctolaelaps aegyptiacus Nasr Leaves of mandarin 3 + P. holoventris Moraes, Britto, Mineiro Leaves of mandarin 1, 2, 5, 6 +++ & Halliday Proctolaelaps pygmaeus (Müller) Leaves of lemon, Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f.; fruits of mandarin 1, 2, 5 +++ Oribatulidae Zygoribatula tadrosi? Popp Fruits of grapefruit 1 + Phytoseiidae Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot Leaves of mandarin and grapefruit; leaves and fruits of orange 1, 2, 3 +++ Euseius scutalis (Athias-Henriot) Leaves of orange 1 ++ Lower leaves of orange and on bermuda grass, Cynodon dactylon Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 +++ (L.) Pers., associated with Proprioseiopsis messor (Wainstein) Fruits of mandarin 1 + P. ovatus Lower leaves of grapefruit and orange 1, 2 + Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) pyri Leaves of mandarin and orange, associated with E. orientalis and 2, 3, 6 +++ Scheuten tenuipalpid mites Raphignathidae Raphignathus sp. Leaves of mandarin 6 + Stigmaeidae Agistemus exsertus González-Rodríguez Leaves of lime and mandarin 4 +++ Stigmaeus sp. Lower leaves of mandarin 2 + Tarsonemidae 1 1, 2, 3, 6 Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) Leaves of orange and mandarin; fruits of orange +++

Tenuipalpidae Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Leaves and fruits of mandarin; leaves of lemon and lime +++ 6 Cenopalpus pulcher (Canestrini and Leaves of mandarin and lemon 4 ++ Fanzago) Tenuipalpus eriophyoides Baker Leaves of lemon 1 ++ Tenuipalpus sp. Leaves of lemon 1 + Tetranychidae Leaves of orange, mandarin, grapefruit, lime and lemon; fruits of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) +++ mandarin, grapefruit and orange; buds of lime 6, 7, 8 Oligonychus sp. Leaves of mandarin 1, 2, 8 ++ Koch Leaves of orange, grapefruit and lime 1, 2, 7 ++ Tetranychus sp. Leaves of orange 6 + Tydeidae Tydeus sp. Fruits of orange 1 + 1 New host record in Egypt. * (1) Assiut; (2) Abuteeg; (3) Elbadary; (4) Sahel Seleim; (5) Sedfa; (6) Manfalout; (7) Elghanayem; (8) Elfatah. ** (+) few numbers; (++) moderate numbers; (+++) high numbers.

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Abdelgayed, et al., 2017 http://ajas.js.iknito.com/ The citrus brown mite, Eu- rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora tetranychus orientalis (Klein, 1936) (Ashmead, 1879) (Eriophyidae) were is a primarily pest of citrus and was commonly reported from the northern reported from many parts of the parts of Egypt, they were missed in world. E. orientalis was firstly re- the present survey. This maybe ported from Egypt by Sayed (1942). mainly due to their adaptability to It feeds on the upper side of the high humidity conditions (Jeppson et leaves close to the midrib. It is wide- al., 1975) which is not available in spread on citrus trees in Assiut Gov- central and southern parts of Egypt. ernorate (Salman et al., 1975; Dar- Predatory species mostly belong wish, 1976). This species can be ob- to the families Phytoseiidae, Stig- served by its egg shells' numbers and maeidae and Cheyletidae. Amblyseius exuviae on the leaves. E. orientalis swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 and seems to reach very high population Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) pyri levels causing extensive yellowish Scheuten, 1857 were the most nu- discoloration of the citrus leaves in merous phytoseiid species. They were the studied areas. On the other hand, commonly found on mandarin and the red and black flat mite, Brevi- orange leaves mostly in association palpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) is a with E. orientalis and tenuipalpid harmful species on citrus in many species. Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes, parts of the world including Egypt 1948 was found on lower leaves of (Zaher et al., 1970; Rasmy et al., orange and on bermuda grass, Cyno- 1972; Salman et al., 1975; Rahil and don dactylon (L.) Pers. (Poaceae) di- Abd-El-Halim, 2000; Halawa and rectly in association with thrips. Fawzy, 2014). Certain citrus species Among other predatory species re- are liable to be severely attacked by corded, Cheletogenes ornatus this pest mite. Further observations (Canestrini and Fanzago, 1876) and will provide better insight into this. Hemicheyletia bakeri (Ehara, 1962) The broad mite, Polyphagotarsone- were reported in high numbers espe- mus latus (Banks, 1904), firstly re- cially on leaves and fruits of manda- corded from citrus in Egypt, was ex- rin. It is good to note that H. bakeri tensively found on leaves of orange was found predating on citrus red and seems to be an important pest of mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor) in this crop especially in Manfalout dis- Ehime prefecture of Japan (Razaq et trict, based on its high densities and al., 2001), which indicates that it may subsequent discoloration of leaves. work well against E. orientalis. The phytophagous flat mites, In conclusion, this preliminary Cenopalpus pulcher (Canestrini and survey of citrus mites in Assiut has Fanzago, 1876) and Tenuipalpus shown a diverse mite fauna, charac- eriophyoides Baker, 1948 were found terized by high numbers of predatory in moderate numbers infesting the species. The high abundance of leaves of lemon and mandarin in Sa- predatory phytoseiid species may be hel Seleim and Assiut districts. Al- related to the extensive use of pesti- though the citrus bud mite, Aceria cides, hopefully to have some resis- sheldoni (Ewing, 1937) and the citrus

176 Assiut J. Agric. Sci., (48) No. (1-1) 2017 (173-181) ISSN: 1110-0486 Website: http://www.aun.edu.eg/faculty_agriculture E-mail: [email protected] tant strains of predators. Care should Central America (Acarina, be taken for such control tactic. ). University of Kansas Acknowledgements Science Bulletin, 40: 345-499. The authors would like to thank Baker, E.W. 1948. A new tetranychid mite which further indicates a phy- citrus farmers for permission to visit logenetic relationship between the their orchards and sample their trees. Tetranychidae and Eriophyidae. We appreciate the cooperation of Proceedings of the Entomological Prof. Abdelrady K. Nasr (National Society of Washington, 50(3): 59- Research Center, Giza) in the identi- 60. fication of the blattisociid and oriba- Banks, N. 1904. Four new species of in- tulid species and Dr. Reham Abo- jurious mites. Journal of the New Shnaf (Agriculture Research Center, York Entomological Society, 12: Giza) for the melicharids. Many 53-56. thanks for Prof. Farouk Mostafa and Canestrini, G. and Fanzago, F. 1876. Dr. Rashad Abdelwahab (Department Nuovi Acari Italiani (sec. ser.). Atti of Pomology, Assiut University) for Accademia di Scienze Veneto Trentina Istriana, 5: 130-142. providing valuable information about Chant, D.A. and McMurtry, J.A. 2007. citrus trees in Assiut. Illustrated keys and diagnoses for References the genera and subgenera of the Abdelgayed, S.A., Negm, M.W., Eraky, Phytoseiidae of the world (Acari: S.A. and Helal, T.Y. 2015. Check- ). West Bloomfield, list of citrus mites (Acari) of Michigan: Indira Publishing Egypt. Acarines, 9: 85-94. House. pp. 219. Abo-Korah, S.M. 1981. Survey and Darwish, Y.A. 1976. Interrelationship population density of the tarsone- between the scale insects and the mine mites under citrus trees in mites on citrus orchards. MSc. Monoufeia Governorate, Egypt. Thesis, Fac. Agric. Assiut Univ., Bulletin de la Société Ento- pp. 138. mologique d’Égypte, 63: 13-18. Eghbalian, A.H., Khanjani, M., Safarali- Abo-Shnaf, R.I.A. and Moraes, G.J. de. zadeh, M.H. and Ueckermann, 2014. Phytoseiid mites (Acari: E.A. 2016. New species of Hexab- Phytoseiidae) from Egypt, with della and Neomolgus (Acari: new records, descriptions of new Prostigmata: Bdellidae) from Iran. species, and a key to species. Zo- Zootaxa, 4072: 291-300. otaxa, 3865(1): 1-71. Ehara, S. 1962. Mites of greenhouse Ashmead, W.H. 1879. Injurious and plants in Hokkaido, with a new beneficial insects found on the species of Cheyletidae. Annotatio- orange trees of Florida. Canadian nes Zoologicae Japonenses, 35(2): Entomologist, 11(8): 159-160. 106-111. Athias-Henriot, C. 1962. Amblyseius Ewing, H.E. 1937. A new eriophyid mite swirskii, un nouveau phytoseiidae from lemon trees (Acarina: Erio- voisin d'A. Andersoni (Acariens: phyidae). Proceedings of the En- anactinotriches). Annales de tomological Society of Washing- l’École Nationale d'Agriculture ton, 39: 193-194. d'Alger, 3(5): 1-7. Fain, A., Bochkov, A.V. and Corpuz- Atyeo, W.T. 1960. A revision of the mite Raros, L.A. 2002. A revision of the family Bdellidae in North and Hemicheyletia generic group

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Abdelgayed, et al., 2017 http://ajas.js.iknito.com/ gramme U.S.A., Project No. Zaher, M.A., Wafa A.K., Ali M.M. and EG_ARS_30. Grant No. Rasmy, A.H. 1970. Survey of FG_EG_139. pp. 36. mites associated with citrus trees Zaher, M.A. 1986. Survey and Ecologi- in Egypt and Gaza Strip. Bulletin cal Studies on Phytophagous, Pre- de la Société Entomologique daceous and Soil Mites in Egypt. d’Egypte, 54: 73-79. II-A: Predaceous and Nonphyto- Zhang, Z.-Q. 2003. Mites of Green- phagous Mites (Nile Valley and houses: Identification, Biology and Delta). Text. PL. 480 Programme Control. CAB International. pp. U.S.A., Project No. EG_ARS_30, 244. Grant No. FG_EG_139. pp. 567.

180 Assiut J. Agric. Sci., (48) No. (1-1) 2017 (173-181) ISSN: 1110-0486 Website: http://www.aun.edu.eg/faculty_agriculture E-mail: [email protected] ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻁﻥ ﻷﺸﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻟﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺃﺴﻴﻭﻁ، ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩ ﺼﻼﺡ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩ، ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻭﻟﻴﺩ ﻨﺠﻡ، ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ، ﻁﻪ ﻴﻭﺴﻑ ﻫﻼل، ﺼﺎﺒﺭ ﻓﻬﻴﻡ ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﻤﻭﺴﻰ ١ ﻣﻌﮭﺪ ﺑﺤﻮث وﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت، ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺒﺤﻮث اﻟﺰراﻋﯿﺔ، اﻟﺪﻗﻲ، اﻟﺠﯿﺰة، ﻣﺼﺮ ٢ ﻗﺴﻢ وﻗﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت، ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ، ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ أﺳﯿﻮط، ٧١٥٢٦ أﺳﯿﻮط، ﻣﺼﺮ

ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ ﺘﻠﻌﺏ ﺍﻷﻜﺎﺭﻭﺴﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﹰ ﻫﺎﻤﺎﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻟﺢ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺂﻓﺎﺕ ﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻔﺘﺭﺴـﺎﺕ ﻨﺎﻓﻌـﺔ . ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ، ﺘﻡ ﺘﺴﺠﻴل ١٤٩ ﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻡ ﻀـﻤﻥ ٣٩ ﻓـﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺒﺴﺎﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻟﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼﺭ . ﺘﻡ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺤﺼ ﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻜﺘﻭﺒﺭ ٢٠١٤ﻡ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﻓﺒﺭﺍﻴـﺭ ٢٠١٦ﻡ ﻓﻲ ٢٨ ﻤﺯﺭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺜﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺃﺴـﻴﻭﻁ، ﻤـﺼﺭ، ﻟﺘﺤﺩﻴـﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺭﺱ . ﺘﻡ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ ﺘـﺴﺠﻴل ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺠـﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺯﻴـﻊ ﻟﻸﻨـﻭﺍﻉ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴـﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ. ﺃﺨﺫﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻜل ﺍﺴﺒﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟ ﺒﺭﺍﻋﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ، ﻭﻗﺩ ﺴﺠﻠﺕ ﻜـل ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﺓ، ﺤﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻟﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻲ (Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein, 1936، ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻁﻁ ﺍﻷﺤﻤـﺭ ﻭﺍﻷﺴـﻭﺩ (Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939 ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻠـﻡ ﺍﻟﻌـﺭﻴﺽ (Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks, 1904 ﺒﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﺸـﻴﻭﻋﺎﹰ . ﻜﻤـﺎ ﺴﺠﻠﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﻤـﻥ ﻓـﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﺜـل : Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962، ﻭTyphlodromus (Typhlodromus) pyri Scheuten, 1857 ﻤـﻥ ﻓـﺼﻴﻠﺔ Phytoseiidae، ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻠـﻡ Agistemus exsertus Gonzalez-Rodrigues, 1963 ﻤـﻥ ﻓﺼﻴﻠﺔ Stigmaeidae، ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﻭﻓـﺭﺓ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﺴـﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﻤﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺭﺘﻘـﺎل، ﻓـﻲ ﺤـﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻨـﻭﺍﻉ & Cheletogenes ornatus (Canestrini (Fanzago, 1876 ﻭ(Hemicheyletia bakeri (Ehara, 1962 ﻤـﻥ ﻓـﺼﻴﻠﺔ Cheyletidae ﻟﻭﺤﻅ ﺃﻏﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ . ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤ ﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﻜﺎﺭﻭﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺭﺴﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﺸـﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻟﺢ ﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﻫﺎﻤﺔ ﻨﺤﻭ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﻔﻌﻴل ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺔ.

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