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The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles OPEN ACCESS online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication Bat diversity in the Banpale forest, Pokhara, Nepal during spring season Prabhat Kiran Bhatarai, Basant Sharma, Anisha Neupane, Sunita Kunwar & Pratyush Dhungana 26 May 2021 | Vol. 13 | No. 6 | Pages: 18479–18489 DOI: 10.11609/jot.6263.13.6.18479-18489 For Focus, Scope, Aims, and Policies, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/aims_scope For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/policies_various For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors. Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 May 2021 | 13(6): 18479–18489 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) OPEN ACCESS htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.6263.13.6.18479-18489 #6263 | Received 03 June 2020 | Final received 18 July 2020 | Finally accepted 14 April 2021 COMMUNICATION Bat diversity in the Banpale forest, Pokhara, Nepal during spring season Prabhat Kiran Bhatarai 1 , Basant Sharma 2 , Anisha Neupane 3 , Sunita Kunwar 4 & Pratyush Dhungana 5 1,3,4,5 Bat Friends Pokhara, Hariyokharka, Pokhara 15, Kaski, 33700, Nepal. 1,3,4,5 Tribhuvan University, Insttute of Forestry, Hariyokharka, Pokhara 15, Kaski, 33700, Nepal. 2 Nepal Bat Research and Conservaton Union (NeBRCU), Batulechour, Pokhara 16, Kaski, 33700, Nepal. 2 Faculty of Science, Health and Technology, Nepal Open University, Lalitpur, 44700, Nepal. 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected], 4 [email protected], 5 [email protected] Abstract: Bat research in Nepal is limited and most areas remain to be explored. Sparse research has been conducted in the Banpale forest and to improve the understanding of bat diversity, an updated species checklist was prepared. Trapping surveys using mist nets were conducted at four diferent locatons in the forest from March to May 2018. This survey identfed 55 individuals belonging to eight species within eight genera and four families. Trapping locatons near less disturbed forest edges and water resources were found to have higher bat diversity compared to highly disturbed areas (e.g., landslides and logging areas). With informaton from survey and secondary source, we conclude that Banpale forest harbours 10 of the 53 bat species found in Nepal. We recommend adoptng practces to conserve the forest from landslides and minimizing illegal logging to conserve bat forest habitats. Keywords: Checklist, Chiroptera, edge, habitat, logging, trapping. Nepali: g]kfndf rd]/f cg';Gwfg s]lx cWoogdf dfq ;Lldt 5g\ / clwsf+z If]qx? cGj]if0f ug}{ afFsL 5g\ . jgkfn] h+undf klg cg';Gwfgsf sfo{x? cToGt} Go"g x'g] u/]sfn] xfdLn] oxfFsf] rd]/f ljljwtf a'‰g rd]/f k|hfltsf] ;"rL cBfjlws u/]sf5f}+ . @)!* dfr{ b]lv d] dlxgfdf jgkfn] h+unsf] rf/ ljleGg :yfgdf ld:6g]6 k|of]u u/]/ ul/Psf] ;j]{If0fdf xfdLn] rf/ kl/jf/, cf7 h]g]/f tyf cf7 k|hfltsf hDdf %% j6f rd]/fx¿ ks8\of}+ . o; cg';Gwfgdf klx/f] tyf jgkmF8fgL ePsf If]qsf] t'ngfdf dfgj x:tIf]k Go"g ePsf jgsf] lsgf/f÷5]p / kfgLsf d'xfg glhs rd]/fsf k|hflt a9L e]l6P . k|fylds / låtLo >f]t cWoog kl/0ffd cg';f/ g]kfndf kfOg] s'n %# k|hflt dWo] jgkfn]df !) j6f rd]/f k|hflt kfOg] k'li6 ePsf] 5 . o; cWoog cg';f/ rd]/fsf] jf;:yfg arfpg jgkfn] h+undf klx/f] lj?4 ;+/If0fsf cEof;x? ckgfpg'kg]{ tyf cj}w jg ljgf; lgoGq0f ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5 . Nepali: g]kfndf rd]/f cg';Gwfg s]lx cWoogdf dfq ;Lldt 5g\ / clwsf+z If]qx? cGj]if0f ug}{ afFsL 5g\ . jgkfn] h+undf klg cg';Gwfgsf sfo{x? cToGt} Go"g x'g] u/]sfn] xfdLn] oxfFsf] rd]/f ljljwtf a'‰g rd]/f k|hfltsf] ;"rL cBfjlws u/]sf5f}+ . @)!* dfr{ b]lv d] dlxgfdf jgkfn] h+unsf] rf/ ljleGg :yfgdf ld:6g]6 k|of]u u/]/ ul/Psf] ;j]{If0fdf xfdLn] rf/ kl/jf/, cf7 h]g]/f tyf cf7 k|hfltsf hDdf %% j6f rd]/fx¿ ks8\of}+ . o; cg';Gwfgdf klx/f] tyf jgkmF8fgL ePsf If]qsf] t'ngfdf dfgj x:tIf]k Go"g ePsf jgsf] lsgf/f÷5]p / kfgLsf d'xfg glhs rd]/fsf k|hflt a9L e]l6P . k|fylds / låtLo >f]t cWoog kl/0ffd cg';f/ g]kfndf kfOg] s'n %# k|hflt dWo] jgkfn]df !) j6f rd]/f k|hflt kfOg] k'li6 ePsf] 5 . o; cWoog cg';f/ rd]/fsf] jf;:yfg arfpg jgkfn] h+undf klx/f] lj?4 ;+/If0fsf cEof;x? ckgfpg'kg]{ tyf cj}w jg ljgf; lgoGq0f ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5 . Editor: Anonymity requested. Date of publicaton: 26 May 2021 (online & print) Citaton:Nepali: gBhatarai,]kfndf rd]/f cg';GwfgP.K., B. Sharma,s]lx cWoogdf A. dfq Neupane, ;Lldt 5g\ S./ clwsf+zKunwar If]qx? & P.cGj]if0f Dhungana ug}{ afFsL (2021).5g\ . jgkfn] Bat h+undf diversity klg cg';Gwfgsf in the Banpale sfo{x? cToGt} forest, Go"g x'g] Pokhara, u/]sfn] xfdLn] Nepal oxfFsf] during rd]/f ljljwtf spring a'‰g season. rd]/f k|hfltsf] Journal of;"rL Threatened cBfjlws u/]sf5f}+ Taxa . @)!* 13(6): dfr{ 18479–18489. b]lv d] dlxgfdf jgkfn] htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot. h+unsf] rf/ ljleGg :yfgdf ld:6g]6 k|of]u6263.13.6.18479-18489 u/]/ ul/Psf] ;j]{If0fdf xfdLn] rf/ kl/jf/, cf7 h]g]/f tyf cf7 k|hfltsf hDdf %% j6f rd]/fx¿ ks8\of}+ . o; cg';Gwfgdf klx/f] tyf jgkmF8fgL ePsf If]qsf] t'ngfdf dfgj x:tIf]k Go"g ePsf jgsf] lsgf/f÷5]p / kfgLsf d'xfg glhs rd]/fsf k|hflt a9L e]l6P . k|fylds / låtLo >f]t cWoog kl/0ffd cg';f/ g]kfndf kfOg] s'n %# k|hflt dWo] Copyright:jgkfn]df !) ©j6f Bhataraird]/f k|hflt etkfOg] al. k'li6 2021. ePsf] Creatve5 . o; cWoog Commons cg';f/ rd]/fsf] Atributon jf;:yfg arfpg 4.0 Internatonal jgkfn] h+undf klx/f] License. lj?4 ;+/If0fsf JoTT cEof;x? allows ckgfpg'kg]{unrestricted tyf cj}w use, jg reproducton,ljgf; lgoGq0f ug{'kg]{ and b]lvG5 distributon . of this artcle in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Funding: “Bats Survey and Conservaton Outreach Programs along Kaligandaki Canyon, Nepal” funded by Ruford Foundaton UK. Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. Author details: Prabhat Kiran Bhatarai is BSc forestry student and an executve member of Bat Friends Pokhara. Basant Sharma is forestry graduate and is currently working as an executve member of Nepal Bat Research and Conservaton Union (NeBRCU). Anisha Neupane is BSc forestry student and is currently working as coordinator of Bat Friends Pokhara. Sunita Kunwar is BSc forestry student and is currently working as vice-coordinator at Bat Friends Pokhara. Pratyush Dhungana is BSc forestry student and is currently secretary at Bat Friends Pokhara. Author contributons: PKB—research design, data collecton, data analysis and interpretaton, drafing of manuscript, critcal review, and revisions at diferent stages. BS—conceptualizaton, methodology design, feld work, species identfcaton, critcal review, draf review and edit. AN—feld works and draf review. SK—feld works and draf review. PD—feld works and draf review. Acknowledgements: This study was conducted during training to the members of Bat Friends Pokhara under the project “Bats Survey and Conservaton Outreach Programs along Kaligandaki Canyon, Nepal” funded by Ruford Foundaton UK. We are grateful for their fnancial support to perform this study. We are thankful to Insttute of Forestry, Pokhara for providing permission to carry out bat trapping in the forest. We would like to thank Sanjeev Baniya, Chiranjeevi Khanal, Sanjaya Raj Tamang, Shristee Panthee, and Chandan guys for their contnuous support and motvaton for the study. We are grateful to Hari Adhikari for reviewing the artcle. 18479 J TT Bat diversity in the Banpale forest, Nepal Bhatarai et al. INTRODUCTION 2019; Baniya 2018; Sharma et al. 2018a,b; Baniya et al. 2019) but most remain unpublished (e.g., in student Bats (Chiroptera) are highly diverse (Hutson et al. theses). Adhikari (2008) and Giri (2009) reported 18 2001; Voigt & Kingston 2016) and found throughout the bat species, 16 caves, and two roostng sites of Pteropus globe, except in the Antarctc and a few oceanic Islands giganteus (Brünnich, 1782) from the Pokhara valley. (Mickleburgh et al. 2002). They provide many ecological Pokhrel & Budha (2014) studied food habit of insectvore and economic services such as pollinaton, seed species from Mahendra cave. Sharma (2016) conducted dispersal, agricultural pest suppression, and material diet analysis of Pteropus giganteus from Chinnedanda & nutrient distributon (Fujita & Tutle 1991; Kunz et al. and later Sharma et al.
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    Vol. 56 #2 83 CANADA 2007, October 12. (Additional data) 1c Hippodamia convergens Guerin, CONVERGENT LADYBUG COC Coccinellinae 4c Chrysopa oculata Say, GOLDEN-EYED LACEBUG CHRY Chrysopinae 5c Hyalophora cecropia L., CECROPIA MOTH SATU Saturniinae 10c Bombus polaris Curtis, NORTHERN BUMBLEBEE API Bombinae 25c Anax junius Drury, GREEN DARNER DRAGONFLY AES Aeshninae FINLAND 2007, May 9 (Moomin Summer) a 1st Pond, water lilies, DRAGONFLY Odonata b 1st Troll hopping on rocks, DRAGONFLIES Odonata GHANA 2006? 2528 2000ce Euphaedra francina Godart, NYM Limenitidinae GREAT BRITAIN-GUERNSEY 2007, March 8 (La Societe Guernesiaise) (Bailiwick rate) Colletes hederae Schmidt & Westrich, IVY BEE Colletidae Colletinae HONG KONG 2007, June 14 (Butterflies II) $1.40 Faunis eumeus Drury, LARGE FAUN NYM Morphinae $1.80 Prioneris philonome Boisduval, PIE Pierinae $2.40 Polyura nepenthes Grose-Smith, NYM Charaxinae $3 Tajuria maculata Hewitson, SPOTTED ROYAL LYC Theclinae $5 Acraea issoria Hubner, YELLOW COASTER (Pareba of some) NYM Heliconiinae KOREA, SOUTH 2007, March 19 (Year of Biology) 250w STAG BEETLE Lucanidae 2007, March 21 (My Stamp) 250w Apis mellifera L., WESTERN HONEYBEE on sunflower API Apinae MAYOTTE 2007 (#204b s-o-s). 54c Papilio demodocus Esper, CITRUS SWALLOWTAIL PAP Papilioninae MONTENEGRO 2006, January 3 (50th Anniversary of Europa Stamps) 128Cd 25c Apis mellifera L., BEE with honeycomb & honey API Apinae 129c 2€ Apis mellifera L., Spain #1126 s-o-s API Apinae 129Eh 2€ Same, s/t of 4, without frame lines API Apinae 2006, August 30 (Europa) 148 60 & 90c No insect. Margin: BUTTERFLY Lepidoptera NAMIBIA 2007, March 2 (Etosha National Park) h postcard rate Anax tristis Hagen, BLACK EMPEROR AES Aeshninae 2007, April 16 (Dragonflies of Namibia) (std mail) Anax imperator mauricianus Rambur, BLUE EMPEROR AES Aeshninae (non-std mail) Trithemis sticata Burmeister, JAUNTY DROPWING LIB Trithemistinae $3.90 Trithemis kirbyi ardens Gerstaecker, ROCK DROPWING LIB Trithemistinae Vol.
  • Butterfly (Lepidoptera) Diversity in Barail Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam

    Butterfly (Lepidoptera) Diversity in Barail Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam

    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2016; 4(4): 547-560 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 JEZS 2016; 4(4): 547-560 Butterfly (Lepidoptera) Diversity in Barail © 2016 JEZS Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India Received: 26-05-2016 Accepted: 27-06-2016 Monsoon Jyoti Gogoi Monsoon Jyoti Gogoi, Hillol Jyoti Singha and Panna Deb Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam Abstract University, Silchar-788011, The paper reports 343 butterfly species recorded from Barail Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam on the basis of Assam, India fieldwork conducted December 2012 to April 2016. Important sightings include Common Clubtail Hillol Jyoti Singha Losoria coon cacharensis, Pointed Palmfly Elymnias penanga, Sergeant Emperor Mimathyma chevana, Centre for Biodiversity & Scarce Jester Symbrenthia silana, Redtail Marquis Bassarona recta, Branded Yeoman Algia fasciata, Natural Resource Conservation, Silver Royal Ancema blanka, Dusky Royal Tajuria thyia, White Dawnfly Capilia pieridoides, Red vein Department of Ecology and Lancer Pyroneura callineura. Pointed Palmfly Elymnias penanga, Malayan Bushblue Arhopala Environmental Science, Assam ammonides elira, Scarce Jester Symbrenthia silana are legally protected under Schedule I, Wildlife University, Silchar-78801, (Protection) Act, 1972 in India. The study revealed lots of Malayan species in the sanctuary and two Assam, India additions to Indian fauna viz. Fawcett’s Pierrot Niphanda asialis marcia and Multi Spotted Oakblue Arhopala anthelus. Panna Deb Centre for Biodiversity & Keywords: Butterfly checklist, Barail, Assam, significant sightings Natural Resource Conservation, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam 1. Introduction University, Silchar-788011, Cachar hills (also called South Assam Hills) lies in the southern part of Assam. Barak River, Assam, India originating from Manipur-Nagaland border divides Cachar into two parts: North Cachar and South Cachar.
  • Validation of the Reported Occurrence of Tajuria Maculata, the Spotted

    Validation of the Reported Occurrence of Tajuria Maculata, the Spotted

    JoTT NOTE 3(3): 1629-1632 Validation of the reported occurrence 1932; Pinratana 1981; Smith of Tajuria maculata, the Spotted Royal 1989; Corbet et al. 1992; Io 2000; butterfly (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), in Inayoshi 2010). It is uncommon to the Western Ghats, southwestern India, rare throughout its range, although on the basis of two new records reportedly common in the Khasi Hills (Swinhoe 1911- 1912), and usually associated with montane habitats Vivek Kumar Sarkar 1, Daniel Sukumar Das 2, between 1,000–1,500 m (Wynter-Blyth 1957; Smith V.C. Balakrishnan 3 & Krushnamegh Kunte 4 1989; Corbet et al. 1992). Within the Indian sub- region, it has been reported from central to eastern 1 Bidhu Bhawan, Rajmata Road, OPO Block, Coochbehar, West Bengal 736101, India Nepal (Smith 1989), Sikkim and the eastern Himalaya, 2 rd No. 42, 3 Main Road, K.S. Town, Bengaluru, Karnataka Sibsagar in eastern upper Assam, the Khasi and Naga 560060, India 3 Society for Environmental Education in Kerala (SEEK), Edat Hills in northeastern India, and from Myanmar (de P.O., Kannur, Kerala 670327, India Nicéville 1890; Swinhoe 1911-1912; Wynter-Blyth 4 FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 1957), but not from Bangladesh (Larsen 2004). It Email: 4 [email protected] (corresponding is at least bivoltine, being reportedly on the wing in author) March, May, September and October in Nepal, June, July and November in the Khasi Hills, and May in Tajuria maculata (Hewitson, 1865) (Lepidoptera, the Naga Hills (Wynter-Blyth 1957; Smith 1989). Its Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Iolaini), popularly known as early stages have recently been studied in Hong Kong the Spotted Royal, is a widespread oriental butterfly (http://www.hkls.org/info-t_maculata.html).
  • The Wildlife (Protection) Act and Conservation Prioritization of Butterflies of the Western Ghats, Southwestern India

    The Wildlife (Protection) Act and Conservation Prioritization of Butterflies of the Western Ghats, Southwestern India

    GENERAL ARTICLE The Wildlife (Protection) Act and conservation prioritization of butterflies of the Western Ghats, southwestern India Krushnamegh Kunte Various schedules of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (henceforth WPA), dictate the level of legal protection given to species of Indian animals. Shortcomings of the schedules of the WPA with respect to insects have been pointed out, but no solutions have been suggested. Here I have used butterflies of the Western Ghats as a case study, analysed their conservation values with multiple species attributes and then compared my findings with the species listed under the WPA. Analysis shows that a large proportion of species with high conservation values, many of them narrowly endemic and endangered, are not listed under the WPA, indicating the need to expand the listings. This methodology can be used to objectively assess conservation values of other animals and their inclu- sion in the WPA. Keywords: Biodiversity hotspots, environmental law, insect diversity, Wildlife Protection Act. THE most important legal system for protection of endan- Schedule IV. Schedule V lists vermin and pests, and gered animals in India is the Wildlife (Protection) Act, Schedule VI lists six plants. Among the first four schedules, 1972 (ref. 1), henceforth WPA. The more recent Biological butterflies are listed under Schedules I, II and IV, but many Diversity Act and Biological Diversity Rules2 govern the of the Western Ghats endemics and rare species have not use and protection of biodiversity, but both rely on the been included4. There seem to be no data available in schedules of the WPA as a guideline for protecting spe- peer-reviewed literature describing the conservation im- cies.