DOCSLIB.ORG

Conservation of Natural Enemies in Brassica Crops

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Conservation of Natural Enemies in Brassica Crops Appl. Entomol. Zool. 44 (1): 103–113 (2009) http://odokon.org/ Conservation of natural enemies in brassica crops: comparative selectivity of insecticides in the management of Brevicoryne brassicae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) Leandro BACCI,1,*,† Marcelo Coutinho PICANÇO,1 Jander Fagundes ROSADO,1 Gerson Adriano SILVA,1 André Luiz Barreto CRESPO,2 Eliseu José Guedes PEREIRA3 and Júlio Cláudio MARTINS1 1 Integrated Pest Management Laboratory, Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa; 36570–000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil 2 Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska Lincoln; 68503–0816 Lincoln, Nebraska State, USA 3 Entomological Laboratory, Federal University of Viçosa; 38810–000 Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais State, Brazil (Received 16 July 2008; Accepted 25 September 2008) Abstract In the present study, we evaluate the toxicity of six insecticides to Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Sternor- rhyncha: Aphididae), predatory coleopterans Cycloneda sanguinea (L.) (Coccinellidae) and Acanthinus sp. (Anthici- dae), and the hymenopteran parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Braconidae, Aphidiinae). Late-instar nymphs of B. brassicae and adults of C. sanguinea, Acanthinus sp. and D. rapae were exposed to nine concentrations of acephate, deltamethrin, dimethoate, methamidophos, methyl parathion and pirimicarb. Selectivity, toxicity, and toler- ance ratios were calculated from LC50 values to determine insecticide toxicity to B. brassicae and natural enemies as well as insecticide tolerance of the natural enemies. Pirimicarb was highly selective to Acanthinus sp., C. sanguinea, and D. rapae. Dimethoate, methamidophos and methyl parathion also showed selectivity to C. sanguinea and Acanthi- nus sp., but not to D. rapae. Methamidophos was the least potent insecticide against B. brassicae exhibiting the high- est LC50 amongst the products tested and was more toxic to the D. rapae relative to the aphid. Overall, the predators Acanthinus sp. and C. sanguinea were more tolerant to the insecticides than was the parasitoid D. rapae. The role of insecticides in IPM systems of brassica crops is discussed based on the toxicity to B. brassicae and selectivity to natu- ral enemies. Key words: Cabbage aphid; physiological selectivity; Cycloneda sanguinea; Acanthinus sp.; Diaeretiella rapae per or by removal or reduction of adverse factors to INTRODUCTION natural enemies (Landis et al., 2000). The most Attack by predators and parasitoids are the most significant factor disrupting biological control in frequent source of mortality for phytophagous most cropping systems is the use of broad spec- arthropods in agroecosystems (Cornell and trum insecticides (Croft, 1990; Naranjo, 2001). Hawkins, 1995), and the conservation of these or- Therefore, the use of insecticides with low toxicity ganisms is an essential component in Integrated to natural enemies is an important component of Pest Management (IPM) programs (Bacci et al., conservation biological control. 2007). Conservation biological control involves the The selectivity of insecticides can be classified management of agroecosystems to enhance fitness as ecological and physiological (Ripper et al., and behavior of natural enemies increasing their 1951). The ecological selectivity is related to the effectiveness against pests. This can be achieved different ways to apply insecticides as a means to through the provision of essential requirements and minimize exposure of natural enemies to the insec- *To whom correspondence should be addressed at: E-mail: [email protected] † Present address: Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570–000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. DOI: 10.1303/aez.2009.103 103 104 L. BACCI et al. ticide (Ripper et al., 1951). The physiological se- the toxicity of an insecticide among several lectivity is based on the use of insecticides that are species, or to determine which insecticide it is more toxic to the target pest than the natural ene- more toxic for one particular organism. Therefore, mies (O’Brien, 1960). concentration-mortality curves can be used to se- The cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) lect insecticides which are harmless to the natural (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) causes se- enemies, and efficient to manage the pest. rious loss of yield in brassica crop fields and re- The evaluation of selectivity to natural enemies duces its market values (Liu et al., 1994; Costello is limited for insecticides used to manage B. bras- and Altieri, 1995). This insect causes severe dam- sicae in Brassicas (Picanço et al., 1997, 1998). age by sucking the plant sap and injecting toxins Therefore, in the present study, we used concentra- (Bacci et al., 2001). Because of this high capacity tion-mortality curves to determine (i) the toxicity for reproduction and dispersion, high population of insecticides to B. brassicae, (ii) the selectivity of densities are easily attained and efforts to suppress insecticides to the predators C. sanguinea and populations using insecticide sprays are often nec- Acanthinus sp. and to the parasitoid D. rapae, (iii) essary (Zhang and Hassan, 2003). the relative toxicity of insecticides to B. brassicae The use of insecticides to manage B. brassicae is and natural enemies, and (iv) the relative tolerance rather complex, and the low efficiency of insecti- of natural enemies to insecticides used to manage cides causes control failure, which also increases B. brassicae. The results provided preliminary in- production costs and environmental contamination. formation regarding insecticides that can be used Because insecticides are likely to remain a major to manage B. brassicae and natural enemies in kale component of pest suppression for B. brassicae, crops. minimizing the effects of insecticides on natural enemies will require more selective approaches for MATERIALS AND METHODS use of broad-spectrum insecticides and per or more selective products. The IPM concept emphasizes Insects. Individuals of B. brassicae were main- the importance of both chemical and biological tained in greenhouse at the Universidade Federal methods to suppress pest population in agricultural de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, systems. Therefore, the use of selective insecti- Brazil. To originate the colony, leaves of cabbage cides is necessary for development of sound IPM infested with B. brassicae were collected in fields practices in kale crops (Giles and Obrycki, 1997; free of insecticide applications at the UFV experi- Galvan et al., 2005). mental station. The leaves were inspected for re- Attack by predators and parasitoids are the main moval of other aphid species and parasitoid-in- cause of the declining population of B. brassicae fected nymphs, and then placed onto cabbage (Dixon, 1977; Raworth et al., 1984; Rice and plants inside cages measuring 50ϫ50ϫ50 cm. The Wilde, 1988). Coccinellid and anthicid predators cages were built with wood frame and covered with (Elmali, 1997; Miranda et al., 1998) and braconid organza. Plants were kept free of pests and dis- parasitoids (Chambers et al., 1986) are recognized eases. Cabbage seedlings were transplanted in 3 L as important mortality factors of aphids. Cycloneda plastic containers with 3 parts of soil and one part sanguinea (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and of livestock manure. The old cabbage plants were Acanthinus sp. (Coleoptera: Anthicidae) are often regularly replaced by new plants free of aphids. observed occurring in high density in fields culti- Mummified aphids were periodically removed vated with brassicas (M. C. Picanço, personal com- and transferred to new cages to isolate D. rapae. munication). Similarly, Diaeretiella rapae (McIn- The newly emerged D. rapae were used in bioas- tosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae) has says to access toxicity of insecticides. Adults of the been reported as an important agent of natural bio- parasitoid D. rapae were also collected daily from logical control of B. brassicae populations in bras- cabbage fields. Similarly, adults of C. sanguinea sica crops (Costello and Altieri, 1995; Desneux et and Acanthinus sp. were collected from cabbage al., 2004). fields. The field collections were performed using Concentration-mortality regression lines ob- plastic containers and aspirators. The natural ene- tained by probit analysis may be used to compare mies were collected in random plants from the Selectivity of Insecticides to Natural Enemies 105 same cabbage fields located at the UFV experimen- opened inside plastic bags to avoid individuals fly tal station. Specimens of insect species were stored away. in 4 mL vials with 70% of alcohol, and sent to tax- Statistical analysis. Concentration-mortality onomists for identification. data were analyzed by probit regression (Finney, Insecticides. Bioassays were conducted with six 1971) using SAEG software (SAEG, 2001) to ob- insecticides including acephate (Orthene 750 BR, tain the regression equation and the insecticide Arysta LifeScience do Brasil, São Paulo, SP), concentration needed to kill 50% of the test popu- deltamethrin (Decis 25 CE, Bayer CropScience, lation (LC50) with their 95% confidence intervals São Paulo, SP), dimethoate (Perfekthion, Basf (Finney, 1971). Mortality was corrected for control S.A., São Bernardo do Campo, SP), methami- mortality using the method of Abbott (1925). We dophos (Tamaron BR, Bayer CropScience), methyl accepted curves which had probability greater than parathion (Folidol 600 CE, Bayer CropScience)
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Field Records and Observations of Insects Associated with Cantharidin
    The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 17 Number 4 - Winter 1984 Number 4 - Winter Article 2 1984 December 1984 Field Records and Observations of Insects Associated With Cantharidin Daniel K. Young University of Wisconsin Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Young, Daniel K. 1984. "Field Records and Observations of Insects Associated With Cantharidin," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 17 (4) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol17/iss4/2 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Young: Field Records and Observations of Insects Associated With Canthar 1984 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 195 FIELD RECORDS AND OBSERVATIONS OF INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH CANTHARIDIN Daniel K. Young! ABSTRACT This paper reports on insect species not previously associated with cantharidin, the terpeooid defense mechanism of blister beetles (MeJoidae). Species from the following tau were obserYed and collected: Miridae (Hemiptera); Endomychidae, Pyrochroidae, .-\nthiLidae I Coleoptera); Ceratopogonidae, Sciaridae (Diptera); and Braconidae (Hymen­ optera;. In addition to listing the associations, a discussion of cantharidin orientation is presented along with preliminary hypotheses to explain these intriguing examples of coevolution . .-\ recent re,'jew (Young 1984) attempted to draw together all published associations between insect5 and cantharidin or the me10id beetles which are known to produce the compound. In this paper, a large number of insect-cantharidin records are reported for specie:; 1lL"'i previously associated with cantharidin.
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific Note
    The Coleopterists Bulletin, 64(1): 94–95. 2010. SCIENTIFIC NOTE ACANTHINUS ARGENTINUS (PIC)NEWLY ESTABLISHED IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES (COLEOPTERA:ANTHICIDAE) Specimens of Acanthinus argentinus (Pic, 1913), 1′. Elytra essentially glabrous, except for tactile a fast-running, ant-mimicking beetle (Figs. 1, 2) setae...............................................................2 were collected at lights at night in southern Louisiana 2. Pronotum almost flat in profile at level of during September 2009. Werner (1970a) provided constriction (southeastern USA from South a habitus illustration and line drawing of the pro- Carolina to Texas)...... A. scitulus (LeConte) thorax that permitted positive identification. This 2′. Pronotum with a deep saddle at constriction species may be distinguished from the two other (adventive in Florida and Louisiana) ............. Acanthinus LaFérte-Senéctère species in North ........................................ A. argentinus (Pic) America that have a transverse pronotal impres- sion (anterior to basal impressed line) as follows (key modified from Werner 1970a, b): Don Chandler (University of New Hampshire Insect Collection, Durham, NH) and Mike Thomas (Florida State Collection of Arthropods [FSCA], 1. Elytra with golden to almost brown pubes- Gainesville, FL) (personal communications) in- cence in basal half (Virginia to Kansas, south formed me of specimens previously collected in to Florida and Texas)...................................... peninsular Florida. The collection data for all spe- ...................................A. myrmecops (Casey) cimens are as follows: (n = 13) USA: FLORIDA: Figs. 1–2. Acanthinus argentinus, male. 1) Dorsal view of habitus; 2) Lateral view of habitus. 94 THE COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN 64(1), 2010 95 Palm Beach Co.: Lake Worth, Geneva Lakes weed. The mechanism of transport for this species Court, 9 May 2003, blacklight and MV light, coll.
    [Show full text]
  • College of Agriculture
    Publications of the Faculty and Staff, College of Agriculture Authors Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture. University of Arizona.; Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture. University of Arizona. Publisher College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Download date 02/10/2021 19:02:34 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/303489 PUBLICATIONS OF THE FACULTY AND STAFF College of Rgrìculture The University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona eiu. -1 Publications of the Faculty and Staff COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE (From July 1, 1969 to June 30, 1970) Published by Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service P-18 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA INTRODUCTION These 'publications of the faculty and staff of The University of Arizona College of Agriculture reflect some of our college's efforts in threemajor areas: 1. Training future agriculturists, agri -businessmen, home economists, and others who need agricultural knowledge. 2. Research, both basic and applied, aimed at improving the condi- tions under which man lives. Direct service to the people of Arizona. The three areas of endeavor function as one. Basic research, largely theoretical, often builds steps that lead to applied research with practical results. What the Agricultural Experiment Station learns in the labora- tories and in the fields frequently moves Dean Myers Resident Instruction. Likewise, through teamwork, the same knowledge is harnessed in direct service to man by the Cooperative Extension Service. While this is not a complete listing of publications for the year cited (thousands of articles printed in newspapers, popular magazines and other publications are not included), it does show commendable efforts by our faculty and staff.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Leslietw Phd Thesis 07.Pdf
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Agricultural Sciences EPIGEAL INSECT DIVERSITY AND DYNAMICS IN AGROECOSYSTEMS ADOPTING TRANSGENIC CROPS A Thesis in Entomology by Timothy W. Leslie © 2007 Timothy W. Leslie Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2007 The thesis of Timothy W. Leslie was reviewed and approved* by the following: Shelby J. Fleischer Professor of Entomology Thesis Adviser Chair of Committee David J. Biddinger Research Associate in Entomology Mary E. Barbercheck Professor of Entomology David A. Mortensen Professor of Crop and Soil Sciences Gary W. Felton Department Head, Professor of Entomology * Signatures are on file in the Graduate School ABSTRACT Using data from five years of field experiments, we assessed the influence of insecticidal transgenic crop technologies on non-target epigeal insect diversity in both maize and diversified vegetable agroecosystems. Concurrently, we considered the relative influence of crop species, crop rotations, and proximity to forested field margins on these insect communities. Our approach differed from other transgenic non-target studies by emphasizing species-level identification of a functionally diverse subset of the epigeal insect community, notably Coleoptera, with extensive analysis of Carabidae, to maximize the biological and functional resolution of the data. We examined population dynamics as well as community response using current statistical approaches in the fields of biodiversity sciences and community ecology. Insecticide inputs were lower in transgenic crops due to the efficient control of important pest taxa, which served to sustain epigeal biodiversity. In maize agroecosystems, no differences were found between the coleopteran communities in conventional and transgenic insect control practices where transgenic field corn contained a neonicotinoid seed treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Introduced Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Solenopsis Invicta and S
    Mississippi State University Scholars Junction Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 11-25-2020 Roles and interaction of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and introduced fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Solenopsis invicta and S. invicta x richteri) in carrion decomposition in the southeastern United States Grant De Jong Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td Recommended Citation De Jong, Grant, "Roles and interaction of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and introduced fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Solenopsis invicta and S. invicta x richteri) in carrion decomposition in the southeastern United States" (2020). Theses and Dissertations. 3839. https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td/3839 This Dissertation - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Scholars Junction. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Junction. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Template A v4.0 (beta): Created by L. Threet 01/2019 Roles and interaction of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and introduced fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Solenopsis invicta and S. invicta x richteri) in carrion decomposition in the southeastern United States By TITLE PAGE Grant Douglas De Jong Approved by: Jerome Goddard (Major Professor) Florencia Meyer (Co-Major Professor) Jeffrey W. Harris Natraj Krishnan Gerald T. Baker Kenneth Willeford (Graduate Coordinator) Scott T.
    [Show full text]
  • Cantharidin-Secretion by Elytral Notches of Male Anthicid Species
    Cantharidin-Secretion by Elytral Notches of Male Anthicid Species (Coleoptera: Anthicidae) Claudia Schütz and Konrad Dettner Lehrstuhl für Tierökologie II, Postfach 101251, NWI, D-W-8580 Bayreuth, Bundesrepublik Deutschland Z. Naturforsch. 47c, 290-299 (1992); received September 13, 1991/January 12, 1992 Cantharidin, Elytral Notches, Sexual Selection, Anthicidae, Coleoptera Within the beetle family Anthicidae or ant-like flower beetles the canthariphilous species Notoxus monoceros shows a pair of notch-like structures on the apices of male elytra. A reser­ voir-like swelling at the apex of each elytron contains a bilobed gland. Its glandular tubules run into the sclerotized notch. Gaschromatographic investigations of elytral notches and the testes of cantharidin-fed and unfed male Notoxus monoceros revealed huge quantities of can­ tharidin stored in these organs in fed specimens. Other body parts, such as legs, elytral parts or flight muscles, had low cantharidin-titres, both in cantharidin-fed and unfed beetles. The can- tharidin-titres of unfed individuals were very low compared with cantharidin-fed specimens, although cantharidin was present, mostly in notches. During sexual display the females bite several times into these notches and easily copulate, if the males had access to offered canthari­ din crystals. Thus, the elytral notches of male Notoxus monoceros seem to function as „test- organs“ for females which are able to select males with high cantharidin loads prior to copula­ tion. Even small quantities of cantharidin stored in notches of field caught specimens seem of advantage for males in competing for a female partner. Introduction fed male specimens were accepted by females for copulation.
    [Show full text]
  • Psyche 101:1
    PSYCHE 1.101 1994 NO.1-2 Floyd Gerald Werner, 1 99 1 FLOYD GERALD WERNER 192 1-1992 ^loyd Gerald Werner was born June 1, 192 1, to Frank and Edith mper Werner. He attended the public schools in Ottawa, Illinois here his career in insects began with his first publication in partment of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 uscrim received 7 December 1993, 1 2 Psyche [vo~.101 1938, an account of the habitat and behavior of Doru aculeatum (Scudder), an earwig found in the marshes of northern Illinois. His love of science was fostered by a high school teacher, Charles J. Alikonis. Upon graduation Floyd enrolled at Harvard College. In 1943, he was awarded a bachelor's degree in Biology, magna cum laude. At this time he was initiated into Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Xi. Dur- ing these undergraduate years Floyd served as a student assistant in the Coleoptera Section of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, where he discovered many treasures that he would work on later in his career. World War I1 interrupted Floyd's college career, giving him the opportunity to serve as an entomologist with the U.S. Army in the South Pacific. His medical survey unit worked with mosquitoes and malaria in Okinawa and Korea. In 195 1 he returned to Okinawa at the request of the Pacific Science Board to study sweet potato pests, as sweet potatoes were the chief source of carbohydrates for a pop- ulation still in post-war recovery. In 1946-47, Floyd returned to the South Pacific as part of a sci- entific expedition charged with surveying the flora and fauna of the Philippine Islands, particularly Luzon, Mindanao and Palawa.
    [Show full text]
  • Imidacloprid Impact on Arthropods Associated with Canopy of Common Beans
    April - June 2003 335 CROP PROTECTION Imidacloprid Impact on Arthropods Associated with Canopy of Common Beans FLÁVIO MARQUINI, MARCELO C. PICANÇO, RAUL N.C. GUEDES AND PAULO S.F. FERREIRA 1Depto. Biologia Animal, Setor de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36571-000, Viçosa, MG Neotropical Entomology 32(2):335-342 (2003) Impacto do Imidaclopride em Artrópodes Associados ao Dossel do Feijoeiro RESUMO - O presente trabalho objetivou verificar o efeito temporal e espacial da aplicação do inseticida imidaclopride na comunidade de artrópodos associados ao dossel do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris). Cerca de dois hectares de feijoeiro foram divididos em duas partes. Ambas receberam as mesmas práticas culturais, exceto pela aplicação do inseticida. Imidaclopride 700 GrDA (147 g i.a/ha) foi aplicado aos 20 dias de idade das plantas. Foram traçados três transectos abrangendo as áreas pulverizadas e não-pulverizadas. Cada transecto foi composto por nove pontos amostrais eqüidistantes 10 m. Amostrou-se a parte aérea das plantas antes da aplicação e aos 3, 8, 14, 22, 29 37 e 44 dias após a aplicação do imidaclopride. Verificou-se efeito temporal do inseticida em algumas guildas de artrópodos, mas o efeito espacial da aplicação do inseticida foi verificado apenas para Empoasca kraemeri Roos & Moore, onde a dispersão da área não-tratada mascarou o efeito do inseticida sobre a área tratada. O inseticida afetou as populações de Thrips tabaci (Lind.), Caliothrips brasiliensis (Morgan) e E. kraemeri, mantendo-as em baixos níveis até 22 dias após a aplicação. Imidaclopride também preveniu o incremento de Collembola, não apresentando, porém, efeito significativo sobre insetos mastigadores, Frankliniella sp., Liriomyza spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxins, Defensive Compounds and Drugs from Insects Konrad Dettner
    2 Toxins, Defensive Compounds and Drugs from Insects Konrad Dettner Introduction Arthropods and insects as largest groups of organisms with respect to species numbers or biomass contain an incredible number of biologically active low and high molecular compounds (Pietra 2002, Gronquist and Schroeder 2010). When taken by humans these compounds may have medicinal, intoxicating (venoms, toxins), performance enhancing or many other effects and therefore are called drugs. A large fraction of commercially available drugs represent natural products or represent derivatives of natural products (Dettner 2011), wherefore the search for such compounds is very important (Cragg et al. 2012, Tringali 2012). Very often these chemicals are toxic or may deter other animals and are therefore called allomones (defensive compounds) which are advantageous for the sender and disadvantageous for the receiver. With respect to predator prey interactions there exist various antipredator mechanisms in insects. Primary defenses are active before predators perceive prey (passive defenses such as mimicry, crypsis), secondary defenses only work after the predator has discovered its prey. As shown by Witz (1990) secondary defensive mechanisms are more important as compared with primary defensive mechanisms. Among secondary defense mechanisms chemical Chair of Animal Ecology II, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Email: [email protected] © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 40 Insect Molecular Biology and Ecology defenses are most important as compared with mechanical defense, defensive stridulation or escape (Eisner 1970, Blum 1981, Eisner 2003, Eisner et al. 2005, Dossey 2010, Unkiewicz-Winiarczyk and Gromysz- Kalkowska 2012). These insect natural products usually are produced by the arthropods themselves (Bradshaw 1985, Morgan 2004), in many cases however such compounds originate from dietary plants or animals or might be even produced by symbiontic microorganisms (Pankewitz and Hilker 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • Pyri Ratzeburg Eccoptogaster (Scolytidae) Scolytus Mali
    741 NOMINA INSECTA NEARCTICA pyri Ratzeburg Eccoptogaster (Scolytidae) Scolytus mali quadriceps Notman Sciocharis (Staphylinidae) Thinocharis pyriforme Smith Apion (Brentidae) Apion erythropterum quadriceps Notman Scopaeus (Staphylinidae) Scopaeus pyriformis Brown Aphodius (Scarabaeidae) Aphodius quadricolle Casey Anoplium (Cerambycidae) Anelaphus brevidens pyriformis LeConte Bothynus (Scarabaeidae) Orizabus quadricolle Fall Apion (Brentidae) Apion pyriformis LeConte Eurhoptus (Curculionidae) Eurhoptus quadricolle LeConte Barilepton (Curculionidae) Barilepton pyritosa LeConte Donacia (Chrysomelidae) Plateumaris pusilla quadricollis Casey Agathengis (Cryptophagidae) Atomaria pyrivora Fitch Cantharis (Meloidae) Lytta sayi quadricollis Casey Agonoderus (Carabidae) Stenolophus comma pyrochroa Reitter Potosia (Scarabaeidae) Potosia affinis quadricollis Casey Alaephus (Tenebrionidae) Alaephus pyrodera Reitter Potosia (Scarabaeidae) Potosia affinis quadricollis Casey Anepsiota (Staphylinidae) Anepsiota pyropterus Gravenhorst Staphylinus (Staphylinidae) Gauropterus quadricollis Casey Eburia (Cerambycidae) Eburia ovicollis fulgidus quadricollis Casey Metaxyodonta (Staphylinidae) Lithocharis pyropyga Lacordaire Megalostomis (Chrysomelidae) Megalostomis ochraceus pyrrhicus Haldeman Athous (Elateridae) Ctenicera pyrrhos quadricollis Casey Odontocorynus (Curculionidae) Odontocorynus pyrrhopus Boheman Rhinoncus (Curculionidae) Campylirhynchus quadricollis Casey Trinodia (Scarabaeidae) Cremastocheilus pyrrhos Herbst Elater (Elateridae) Ctenicera quadricollis
    [Show full text]
  • Great Lakes Entomologist
    Vol. 17, No.4 Winter 1984 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST PCBLISHED BY THE ~IICHIGAN EXTO~fOLOGICAL SOCIETY THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Published by the Michigan Entomological Society Volume 17 ~o. ..J ISSN 0090.0222 TABLE OF CONTENTS Cantharidin and Insects: An Historical Re\'iew Daniel K. Young ....................................... .......... l~- Field Records and Observations of Insects Associated with Cantharidin Daniel K. Young .............................. ....................... 19:" Visual Recognition of Females by .\tale Calopteryx maculata (Odonata; Calopterygidae, Janette Ballou ......................... ...................... ........ .. :01 Comparison of Leafhopper Species Complexes in the Ground Cover of Sprayed and Crr;pr3Y~ Peach Orchards in '\lichigan IHomoptera: Cicadellidae) Thomas ~f, ~fov.1}· and ~fark E. Whalon .. ,.. .. " ..... ,',............... 2l:r:: Drift of Riffle Beetles (Coleoptera: Elmidae) in a Small Illinois Stream Dennis L .:\"ewman and Richard C. Funk ......................... .. :11 Effects of Aprons on Pitfall Trap Catches of Carabid Beetles in Forests and Fields Marc E. Epstein and Herbert M. Kulman .... .......................... :1:" Detection of Bronze Birch Borer Larvae and Pupae by Radiographs (Coleoptera: Burrc;~~, John Ball and Gary Simmons ............................ .............. ..:::::..; Some Light and Tcmperarure Effects on the Behavior of the Adult Pales WeeviL H,;',,·t;iJ<S ;0.;1"5 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Jeffrey A. Comeil and Louis F. Wilson ... , ....... , .. , .... , .. ,. "'" . ""';; Live Branches on Pine Stumps Deter Pales Weevil Breeding in Michigan (Coleoptera: Cu:r;:uli0!tiJae, Jeffrey A. Corneil and Louis F. Wilson... .. ............ ~"'9 Notes on Microtonus spp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Introduced to Iowa against the Al!a:!:' Wee.iI. Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae James W. Mertins ..... , . , ............ __ 23.3 Effect of White Spruce Release on Subsequent Defoliation by the Yellowheaded Spru..~ S""'11y. Pikonema alaskensis (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) B. W, Morse and H.
    [Show full text]
  • Floyd Gerald Werner 1921–1992
    PSYCHE Vol. 101 1994 No. 1-2 Courtesy of Frances Werner Floyd Gerald Werner, 1991 FLOYD GERALD WERNER 1921-1992 BY CARL A. OLSON Floyd Gerald Werner was born June 1, 1921, to Frank and Edith Mumper Werner. He attended the public schools in Ottawa, Illinois and here his career in insects began with his first publication in Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 Manuscript received 7 December 1993. 2 Psyche [Vol. 101 1938, an account of the habitat and behavior of Doru aculeatum (Scudder), an earwig found in the marshes of northern Illinois. His love of science was fostered by a high school teacher, Charles J. Alikonis. Upon graduation Floyd enrolled at Harvard College. In 1943, he was awarded a bachelor's degree in Biology, magna cum laude. At this time he was initiated into Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Xi. Dur- ing these undergraduate years Floyd served as a student assistant in the Coleoptera Section of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, where he discovered many treasures that he would work on later in his career. World War II interrupted Floyd's college career, giving him the opportunity to serve as an entomologist with the U.S. Army in the South Pacific. His medical survey unit worked with mosquitoes and malaria in Okinawa and Korea. In 1951 he returned to Okinawa at the request of the Pacific Science Board to study sweet potato pests, as sweet potatoes were the chief source of carbohydrates for a pop- ulation still in post-war recovery. In 1946-47, Floyd returned to the South Pacific as part of a sci- entific expedition charged with surveying the flora and fauna of the Philippine Islands, particularly Luzon, Mindanao and Palawa.
    [Show full text]