Kopec Thesis Final
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February 17, 2016
The Arctic in 2045: A Long Term Vision Okalik Eegeesiak | Wilton Park, London, UK| February 17, 2016 An Inuit Vision of the Arctic in 2045 (check against delivery) Ullukkut, Good afternoon. My name is Okalik Eegeesiak. First, thank you to the organizers for the invitation to speak at this conference at such a beautiful and inspiring venue and to the participants who share the value of the Arctic and its peoples. A thirty year vision for the Arctic is important. Inuit believe in a vision for the Arctic – our vision looks back and forward – guided by our past to inform our future. I hope my thoughts will add to the discussion. I will share with you about what Inuit are doing to secure our vision and how we can work together for our shared vision of the Arctic. Inuit have occupied the circumpolar Arctic for millennia – carving a resilient and pragmatic culture from the land and sea – we have lived through famines, the little ice age, Vikings, whalers, missionaries, residential schools, successive governments and we intend to thrive with climate change. A documentary was recently released in Canada that told of the accounts of two Inuit families and an single man from Labrador, Canada now called Nunatsiavut – these Inuit were brought to Europe in the 1880’s and displayed in “zoo’s”. Their remains are still in storage in museums in France and Germany and their predecessors are now working to repatriate them. I share these struggles and trauma to illustrate that we have come a long way… and I am with a solid foundation of our history. -
Arctic Species Trend Index 2010
Arctic Species Trend Index 2010Tracking Trends in Arctic Wildlife CAFF CBMP Report No. 20 discover the arctic species trend index: www.asti.is ARCTIC COUNCIL Acknowledgements CAFF Designated Agencies: • Directorate for Nature Management, Trondheim, Norway • Environment Canada, Ottawa, Canada • Faroese Museum of Natural History, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands (Kingdom of Denmark) • Finnish Ministry of the Environment, Helsinki, Finland • Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Reykjavik, Iceland • The Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment, the Environmental Agency, the Government of Greenland • Russian Federation Ministry of Natural Resources, Moscow, Russia • Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm, Sweden • United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska CAFF Permanent Participant Organisations: • Aleut International Association (AIA) • Arctic Athabaskan Council (AAC) • Gwich’in Council International (GCI) • Inuit Circumpolar Conference (ICC) Greenland, Alaska and Canada • Russian Indigenous Peoples of the North (RAIPON) • The Saami Council This publication should be cited as: Louise McRae, Christoph Zöckler, Michael Gill, Jonathan Loh, Julia Latham, Nicola Harrison, Jenny Martin and Ben Collen. 2010. Arctic Species Trend Index 2010: Tracking Trends in Arctic Wildlife. CAFF CBMP Report No. 20, CAFF International Secretariat, Akureyri, Iceland. For more information please contact: CAFF International Secretariat Borgir, Nordurslod 600 Akureyri, Iceland Phone: +354 462-3350 Fax: +354 462-3390 Email: [email protected] Website: www.caff.is Design & Layout: Lily Gontard Cover photo courtesy of Joelle Taillon. March 2010 ___ CAFF Designated Area Report Authors: Louise McRae, Christoph Zöckler, Michael Gill, Jonathan Loh, Julia Latham, Nicola Harrison, Jenny Martin and Ben Collen This report was commissioned by the Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program (CBMP) with funding provided by the Government of Canada. -
The Summary Report of the International Science And
INTERNATIONAL)SCIENCE)AND)POLICY)CONFERENCE) ) THE)ECOSYSTEM)APPROACH)TO)MANAGEMENT:) )STATUS)OF)IMPLEMENTATION)IN)THE)ARCTIC) ) CONFERENCE)SUMMARY) ! 23$25!AUGUST!2016!$!FAIRBANKS!$!ALASKA! ! ! ! Catherine)Coon,)Phil)Mundy,)Hein)Rune)Skjoldal)++)session)chairs)and)panelists) ! ! Conference!website,!including!presentations,!abstracts!and!videos.!! Acknowledgement) of) funding) and) support! We! gratefully! acknowledge! the! financial! support! provided! to! this! project! from! the! OAK) Foundation,) the! The!Bureau) of) Ocean) Energy) Management!(BOEM),! University! of! Alaska! B! Fairbanks!and!the!National!Oceanic!and!Atmospheric!Administration.! ! Table)of)Contents) The!Fairbanks!EA!Conference!............................................................................................!5! Session!I:!The!Vision!and!Role!of!the!Arctic!Council!..........................................................!6! Map!of!Arctic!LMEs!........................................................................................................!8! Framework!for!EA!implementation!.............................................................................!10! Five!EA!workshops!.......................................................................................................!11! EBM!Expert!Group!.......................................................................................................!12! Arctic!Ocean!Review!....................................................................................................!12! Iqaluit!2015!..................................................................................................................!13! -
The Arctic, the Arctic Council, and the Law of the Sea
CHAPTER 2 The Arctic, the Arctic Council, and the Law of the Sea Erik J Molenaar* 1 Introduction The international community’s interest in the Arctic increased spectacularly in the period between 2004 and 2008. Prior to that, international coopera- tion on the (marine) Arctic mainly involved Arctic States, and regional coop- eration occurred largely by means of non-legally binding instruments and informal fora, rather than through legally binding instruments and intergov- ernmental organisations. The launch of the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA)1 in 2004 contributed to broadening recognition within the internation- al community that climate change is largely driven by anthropogenic pollu- tion. This recognition grew even more after the dramatic Arctic sea-ice loss in 2007,2 which spread a sense of alarm and urgency within the international community. Another game changer was the Russian Federation’s planting of its flag on the geographical North Pole’s deep seabed in 2007, during the gathering of data on the outer limits of its continental shelf. The Russian Federation’s flag plant- ing triggered a number of reactions and counter-reactions. The first of these was the incorrect perception by many—e.g., media, academics, environmental non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and the European Parliament—that the flag planting heralded the last land-grab on earth and a resource bonanza that was unchecked due to an international law vacuum. This incorrect per- ception was then followed by the incorrect assumption that it would be logical * Email: [email protected]. The author is very grateful for assistance and/or comments re- ceived from Bob Beckman, Tore Henriksen, Henning Dobson Fugleberg Knudsen, Amy Merten, Alex Oude Elferink, Ashley Roach, Jan Solski and Jorden Splinter on an earlier ver- sion. -
Arctic Sovereignty Annotated Bibliography
Arctic Sovereignty Annotated Bibliography The Arctic Sovereignty bibliography is organized by topic and, within each topic, the articles and books are organized chronologically. Many of the articles are available on IngentaConnect, accessible by University of Washington faculty and students. The page was initially prepared by the course instructors and maintained and updated by the 2009 Arctic Sovereignty Research Team. Climate Change 2004 - Impacts of a Warming Arctic: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, project by the Arctic Council and the International Arctic Science Committee, Cambridge University Press, 2004. (The report that startled the world regarding the impact of climate change on the Arctic in particular. This is the "plain language guide" to the report for policymakers and the general public, 140 pgs.) http://www.acia.uaf.edu/ Natural Resources in the Arctic and the Race for Ownership / Access 2008 - Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal, US Geological Survey, US Department of the Interior, (To improve understanding of petroleum resources in the Arctic. The USGS is the scientific agency of the US government that studies, in part, natural resources. Arctic assessment is within its Energy Resources Program. See 2008 "Fact Sheet" and slide presentation.) http://energy.usgs.gov/arctic/ 2008 - Zellen, Barry, "As Climate Change Thins Polar Ice, a New Race for Arctic Resources Begins," Strategic Insights, Center for Contemporary Conflict, February 2008. http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/si/2008/Feb/zellenFeb08.asp 2005 - Nordquist, Myron, John -
1 Inuit Circumpolar Council Canada Submission to the the Standing
Inuit Circumpolar Council Canada Submission to the The Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development of the House of Commons Submitted By: Monica Ell-Kanayuk, ICC Canada President October 31, 2018 With climate change advancing rapidly, international interest in the Arctic increasing, protectionism rising and NATO-Russia relations at their lowest point since the Cold War, ICC welcomes the Standing Committee’s current study as there is an urgent need for Canada to focus on circumpolar Arctic issues and Inuit rights. This study is also timely, as the Government of Canada has embarked on the co-development of a new Arctic Policy Framework to replace Canada’s 2009 Northern Strategy and the Statement on Canada’s Arctic Foreign Policy. Canada’s International Dimension to the emerging Arctic Policy Framework must be strategic, comprehensive and articulate. Canada must put forward a strong vision of Canada’s Arctic globally and the leadership role Canada must assume. Inuit have an important stake and voice in this discussion. This submission identifies and explains the most important international issues as seen from the perspective of an organization, the Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC) Canada, that represents the international interests of Canadian Inuit and is part of a larger organization that represents Inuit in four Arctic countries. An enhanced Inuit role in diplomacy The ICC represents Inuit in Greenland (Denmark), Canada, Alaska (US), and Russia. It therefore has an important role in Arctic cooperation and decision-making. Part of that role involves the Arctic Council, where the ICC has the status of “Permanent Participant”, which entitles it to engage in deliberations on a footing of equality with the eight-member states. -
Arctic Policy &
Arctic Policy & Law References to Selected Documents Edited by Wolfgang E. Burhenne Prepared by Jennifer Kelleher and Aaron Laur Published by the International Council of Environmental Law – toward sustainable development – (ICEL) for the Arctic Task Force of the IUCN Commission on Environmental Law (IUCN-CEL) Arctic Policy & Law References to Selected Documents Edited by Wolfgang E. Burhenne Prepared by Jennifer Kelleher and Aaron Laur Published by The International Council of Environmental Law – toward sustainable development – (ICEL) for the Arctic Task Force of the IUCN Commission on Environmental Law The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of ICEL or the Arctic Task Force of the IUCN Commission on Environmental Law concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of ICEL or the Arctic Task Force. The preparation of Arctic Policy & Law: References to Selected Documents was a project of ICEL with the support of the Elizabeth Haub Foundations (Germany, USA, Canada). Published by: International Council of Environmental Law (ICEL), Bonn, Germany Copyright: © 2011 International Council of Environmental Law (ICEL) Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non- commercial purposes is authorized without prior permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: International Council of Environmental Law (ICEL) (2011). -
Avoiding the New Cold War: Environmental Conflict Resolution and the Need for an International Legal Regime in the High Arctic
Avoiding the New Cold War: Environmental Conflict Resolution and the Need for an International Legal Regime in the High Arctic By Sam Mulopulos Grinnell Peace Studies Conference 2012 It is an indisputable axiom of science that the planet is warming.1 And while experts can debate the radix of such increase in earthly temperatures, this paper believes the origins of the coming planetary catastrophe irrelevant. Rather it is the results of such climatic change, particularly in the Arctic, that this paper finds to be of unique interest. While global warming will engender a variety of environmental misfortunes, nowhere in the world will the effects of a modified climate be as acute and amplified as in the Arctic. Already the region is experiencing the effects of global warming.2 Thus the High Arctic is the frontline in the fight for the planet, and how nations respond to the concomitant results of climate change there will dictate the global response to future situations. Currently two unique predicaments face the five Arctic coastal states.3 Both problems are consequences of melting sea ice resulting from the escalation of global temperatures. The deliquescence of sea ice has precipitated greater resource exploration of the Arctic Ocean basin and the subsequent discovery of a potential 400 billion barrels of oil beneath the sea floor.4 The unearthing of vast reserves of subsea hydrocarbons has transformed the perception of the Arctic from an inhospitable wasteland to a cornucopia of mineral wealth. Already Russia, Canada, and Denmark have begun to maneuver to secure a piece of the potential windfall. -
SWP Comments 2008/C 18, July 2008, 4 Pages
Introduction Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Fixed Rules of Play for Dividing Up the Arctic Ocean SWP Comments The Ilulissat Declaration of the Arctic Coastal States Ingo Winkelmann At the end of May 2008 the five countries bordering on the Arctic—Denmark, Canada, Norway, the Russian Federation and the United States of America (known as the “A5”)— adopted a carefully-worded declaration. Known as the Ilulissat Declaration after the place in Greenland where the conference was held, it outlines the kind of co-operation the A5 is considering. From the text one can also glean what principles will be applied regarding legal arrangements, research, managing natural resources and the ecosystem of the Arctic Ocean. In the declaration the A5 emphasise their supremacy in this area. They speak in favour of applying the international law of the sea to the Arctic but against the conclusion of a specific Arctic agreement. This sends an important signal to other potential Arctic players and to the international community, and is therefore also of interest to Germany, which for environmental, research and economic reasons cannot be indifferent to the Arctic region. The A5 attended the Arctic Ocean Conference at establish common principles for how to the invitation of the Danish Minister for treat the Arctic’s resources in the future Foreign Affairs and the Premier of Green- and to signal to the rest of the community land from 27 to 29 May 2008 in Ilulissat of states how the states directly bordering (Greenland). The United States was repre- on the Arctic Ocean perceive forthcoming sented by its deputy secretary of state and developments. -
English Pageslowres
CANADIAN POLAR COMMISSION IN THIS ISSUE THE LAW OF THE SEA AND MARINE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH The Law of the Sea and Marine Scientific IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN Research in the Arctic Ocean 1 Ron Macnab, Olav Loken and Arvind Anand FALL/WINTER 2007 Contemporary events and circumstances, ration with other states, and by driving the Global Warming: Arctic Shipping 6 such as melting ice, the International Polar need to define maritime boundaries, these Year, and the UN Convention on the Law of developments touch upon Canada’s interests PEARL – A Canadian Success Story 11 the Sea are providing an unprecedented at the national and international levels. boost to Marine Scientific Research in the Melting ice is facilitating access to ex- The Centre d’études nordiques and central Arctic Ocean. This felicitous situa- panded oceanic regions that historically have the Qaujisarvik Network 15 tion could be short-lived, however, as Arctic remained inaccessible to scientific research coastal states apply the provisions of the on account of their widespread and persis- Social Housing North 17 Law of the Sea to extend their sovereign tent ice cover. The IPY, meanwhile, is mobi- rights beyond 200 nautical miles, enhanc- lizing legions of investigators for an inten- Oral History in Nunavut: ing their entitlement to regulate a range of sive two-year campaign of data gathering An Overview of its Past and scientific activities. This is in marked con- and analysis across a broad range of disci- Present Vitality 20 trast to the Antarctic regime, where freedom plines. Finally, UNCLOS has prompted all five of research is protected under the terms of coastal states that front upon the Arctic Book Review: the Antarctic Treaty. -
Asian Countries and Arctic Shipping
Arctic Review on Law and Politics Peer-reviewed article Vol. 10, 2019, pp. 24–52 Asian Countries and Arctic Shipping: Policies, Interests and Footprints on Governance Arild Moe* Fridtjof Nansen Institute Olav Schram Stokke University of Oslo, Department of Political Science, and Fridtjof Nansen Institute Abstract Most studies of Asian state involvement in Arctic affairs assume that shorter sea-lanes to Europe are a major driver of interest, so this article begins by examining the prominence of shipping con- cerns in Arctic policy statements made by major Asian states. Using a bottom-up approach, we consider the advantages of Arctic sea routes over the Suez and Panama alternatives in light of the political, bureaucratic and economic conditions surrounding shipping and shipbuilding in China, Japan and the Republic of Korea. Especially Japanese and Korean policy documents indicate soberness rather than optimism concerning Arctic sea routes, noting the remaining limitations and the need for in-depth feasibility studies. That policymakers show greater caution than analysts, links in with our second finding: in Japan and Korea, maritime-sector bureaucracies responsible for industries with Arctic experience have been closely involved in policy development, more so than in China. Thirdly, we find a clear tendency towards rising industry-level caution and restraint in all three countries, reflecting financial difficulties in several major companies as well as growing sensitivity to the economic and political risks associated with the Arctic routes. Finally, our exam- ination of bilateral and multilateral Chinese, Japanese and Korean diplomatic activity concerning Arctic shipping exhibits a lower profile than indicated by earlier studies. -
The Role of the Arctic Council Service in a Melting Arctic
Salve Regina University Digital Commons @ Salve Regina Pell Scholars and Senior Theses Salve's Dissertations and Theses Spring 3-2016 Thawing Out: The Role of the Arctic Council Service in a Melting Arctic Taylor J. Enos Salve Regina University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/pell_theses Part of the Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering Commons, Environmental Engineering Commons, Environmental Health and Protection Commons, Environmental Law Commons, International and Area Studies Commons, International Business Commons, International Law Commons, Land Use Law Commons, Natural Resources Law Commons, Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons, Oil, Gas, and Energy Commons, Petroleum Engineering Commons, and the Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons Enos, Taylor J., "Thawing Out: The Role of the Arctic Council Service in a Melting Arctic" (2016). Pell Scholars and Senior Theses. 105. https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/pell_theses/105 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Salve's Dissertations and Theses at Digital Commons @ Salve Regina. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pell Scholars and Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Salve Regina. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Enos 1 As the ice to the north recedes, the Arctic Ocean expands, leaving hundreds of square miles of open ocean surrounding the North Pole, laden with highly profitable resources. Because of the effects of climate change, the Arctic’s vast amount of untapped resources is beckoning to be plundered, and each arctic nation is competing for the rights to exploit them. However, the legal regime of the Arctic Ocean, the United Nations Convention for the Law of the Sea is not specific enough for application to a polar ocean.