Highlights from the Green Lane: a Comprehensive Evaluation of Protected Cycling Facilities
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Portland State University PDXScholar Transportation Research and Education Center TREC Friday Seminar Series (TREC) 5-2-2014 Highlights from the Green Lane: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Protected Cycling Facilities Christopher Monsere Portland State University, [email protected] Jennifer Dill Portland State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/trec_seminar Part of the Transportation Commons, and the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Monsere, Christopher and Dill, Jennifer, "Highlights from the Green Lane: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Protected Cycling Facilities" (2014). TREC Friday Seminar Series. 38. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/trec_seminar/38 This Book is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in TREC Friday Seminar Series by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Highlights from the Green Lane: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Protected Cycling Facilities Christopher M. Monsere, Jennifer Dill Kelly Cli5on, Nathan McNeil, Nick Foster, Tara Goddard Portland State University PSU Friday Transportation Seminar May 2, 2014 1 Photo credit: Nathan McNeil, PSU Research Objectives • A field-based evaluation of protected bikeways in five U.S. cities to study: – Safety of users (both perceived and actual) – Effectiveness of the design – Perceptions of residents and other road users – Attractiveness to more casual cyclists – Change in economic activity 2 Dearborn Street - Milwaukee Avenue One-way protected lane on both sides on a two- Two-way protected lane on one-way street Chicago, IL - Chicago, IL way street L Street – Multnomah Street One-way protected lane on both sides on a two- One-way protected lane on a one-way street Washington, DC – Portland, OR way street Rio Grande Street - Oak/Fell Streets – Couplet of one-way protected lanes on one-way Two-way protected lane on one-way street AusOn, TX San Francisco, CA streets Barton Springs One-way protected lane on the south side of the Bluebonnet Lane – Two-way protected lane on a two-way street Road – AusOn, TX road (other direcon is shared use path) AusOn, TX Data Collected • Resident Surveys – 9,617 surveys mailed – 2,283 returned (34% used online option) – 24% response rate • Bicyclist Surveys – 3,409 bicyclists intercepted – 1,111 surveys completed – 33% response rate • Video Recorded at Intersections – 16 locations in 4 cities – 204 hours analyzed – 21,728 bicyclists and 23,347 turning vehicles observed 5 Resident Bicyclist Four year degree + Four year degree83% + 89% Income >$100k 41% Income >$100k 48% Work From Home 15% Work From Home 7% Work Outside Home Work Outside66% Home 93% Asian 6% Asian 7% Hispanic or Latino/a 5% Hispanic or Latino/a 5% Black 5% Black 1% White 81%White 89% 55 + years 34% 55 + years 6% 35 to 54 years 40% 35 to 54 years 37% <35 years of age 26% <35 years of age 56% Female 53% Female 32% Own working bicycle Own working67% bicycle Own/Lease a car Own/Lease81% a car 73% Car Share Membership 18% Car Share Membership 28% Transit Pass 50% Transit Pass 72% Driver's License Driver's License96% 97% Children in HH 15% Children in HH 25% 2+ Adults in HH 2+64% Adults in HH 78% Home Owners 55%Home Owners 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 6 Source: Resident and Bicyclist surveys, Green Lane evaluation Residents by Primary Commute Mode Non-commuter Mix Transit Bicycle Foot Car / Truck 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 7 Source: Resident surveys, Green Lane evaluation Today… 1. Did the number of people bicycling change? 2. How well do the designs work? 3. Do the lane improve people’s perceptions of safety? 4. What do residents think about the lanes? 5. How attractive are the lanes for less comfortable cyclists? 8 1. Did the number of people bicycling change? 9 Change in Observed Bicycle Volumes 180% 171% 160% 140% 126% 120% 100% 80% 68% 65% Percent Increase 60% 46% 46% 40% 36% 21% 20% 0% Rio Grande Multnomah Bluebonnet Fell Milwaukee Dearborn L Street Barton Springs Bike Lanes Prior No Bike Lanes Prior 10 Source: City-provided before and after counts, PSU video counts, ACS Survey Before the new facility was built, how would you have made this trip? 90% Would not have taken trip 80% 70% 21% By other mode 60% By bicycle, using another route 50% 40% 7% 10% 10% 6% 30% 60% 20% 38% 6% 34% 32% 29% 7% 10% 10% 18% 11% 6% 0% Dearborn Rio Grande Multnomah L Street Barton Oak Street Fell Street Milwaukee Springs 11 Source: Cyclist intercept surveys, Green Lane evaluation 2. How well do the designs work? 12 Design Elements Evaluated • Intersections – Mixing zones – Fully signalized • Providing curb access – Loading zone – Transit stops • Other design elements – Width – Green pavement marking – Minor driveways 13 Mixing Zone Designs NACTO-Style Yield Shark Tooth Flexpost Delimited Mixing Zone Mixing Zone with Advisory Bike Lane Mixing Zone with Advisory Bike Lane (ABL) (ABL) Photo from survey (shown): Multnomah and Photo from survey (shown): L Street Photo from survey (shown): Oak St. and Divisadero St. NE 9th, Video Locaon(s): Multnomah and NE Video Locaon(s): L Street/ 15th Street, L Street/ Video Locaon(s): Oak St. and Divisadero St. 9th ConnecJcut Mixing zone w/ green-back Mixing Zone with Full Green Skip Mixing Zone with Advisory Bike Lane sharrow mixing zone Marking (ABL) Photo from survey (shown): Oak St. and Photo from survey (shown): Fell St. and Broderick Photo from survey (shown): Fell St. and Divisadero St. Broderick St. Video Locaon(s): Oak St. and St. Video Locaon(s): No video Broderick St Video Locaon(s): Fell St. and Baker 14 Total Video Observations Connecticut Avenue 15th Street Turning/Merging Motor DC Vehicles Btwn 19th St / 18th St (Hotel) Bicyclists Divisadero Street SF Broderick Street Baker Street 11th Street (Transit Stop) PDX 11th Street (intersection) 9th Street 7th Street Grand Avenue Elston Avenue CHI Desplaines Street Randolph Street Madison Street Congress Parkway 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 Number Observed (6 hours) 15 Survey Video Survey Video Correctly Identified Location Correct Lane Use Percent Percent Mixing Zone Design Strongly Calculated Agreeing Strongly Conflict Bicycle Agreeing Bicyclists Thorough Turning Turning Through Agreeing Rates Turning They Feel “Understand” Bicycles Motorist Motorist Bicyclist Vehicles Right Safe Yield Flexpost Delimited Mixing Zone with Advisory Bike 85% - - - 87% 91% 17% 64% 0.16 Lane (ABL): L Street NACTO-Style Yield Shark Tooth Mixing Zone: 63% 51% 98% 79% 93% 63% 14% 73% 0.37 Multnomah/ 9th Mixing Zone with Advisory Bike Lane (ABL): Oak/ 75% 94% 73% 92% 66% 81% 19% 74% 0.12 Divisadero Mixing Zone with Advisory Bike Lane (ABL): Fell/ 81% 93% 74% 97% - - 15% 72% - Divisadero Mixing zone w/ green- back sharrow mixing 71% 79% 97% 95% 48% 30% 15% 79% 0.44 zone: Oak/Broderick Mixing Zone with Full Green Skip Marking: Fell/ 74% 73% 96% 95% 49% - 22% 84% 0.13 Broderick or Fell/Baker 16 Dearborn and Madison, Chicago, IL Photo: C. Monsere 17 Bicycle Signals on Dearborn • Using the small bicycle in the bicycle signal lens is a good way to communicate the signal is only for bicycles – 87% agree • I like that bicyclists and turning cars each have their own signal – 74% agree • At these intersections, it is always clear to me which signal I should use as a motorist – 66% agree 18 People on Bicycles Waited for green/legal right-turn on red Proceeded illegally on red Dearborn/ Randolph 92% 8% Dearborn/ Madison 77% 23% Dearborn/ Congress 93% 7% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% People in Motor Vehicles Legal Turn on Green Illegal Turn on Red Arrow Jumped into crosswalk Dearborn/ Randolph 92% 6% 2% Dearborn/ Madison 90% 5% 6% Dearborn/ Congress 84% 10% 6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 19 3. Do the lanes improve users’ perception of safety? 20 Because of the protected bike lanes, the safety of _____ on the street has . 37% Walking Portland, Multnomah 45% 74% Driving 21% San Francisco, Oak 38% 80% Bicycling 52% Austin, Bluebonnet 38% 85% 44% Austin, Barton Springs 43% 82% 19% Chicago, Milwaukee 28% 74% 15% Chicago, Dearborn 23% 76% 27% Washington DC - L St. 30% 80% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Percent of Residents Stating “Safety Increased" 21 Source: Resident Surveys, Green Lane evaluation I feel the safety of bicycling on ______ has . Increased Somewhat Increased a Lot Austin Rio Grande 27% 66% SF Oak / Fell 18% 81% Portland Multnomah 33% 59% Chicago Milwuakie 31% 65% DC L Street 29% 66% Chicago Dearborn 18% 82% Austin Barton Springs 33% 56% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 22 Source: Cyclist intercept surveys, Green Lane evaluation Buffer type affects safety and comfort Types of buffers used include: Flexposts and painted buffer Parked vehicles and Semi-permanent planter with (Fell Street, San Francisco) flexposts colored pavement (Milwaukee Avenue, (Multnomah St., Portland) Chicago) 23 The buffer section with ______ between the traffic lanes and the bikeway makes me feel safe. Paint, One-way Two-way Paint, One-way One-way Flexposts, One-way Flexposts, One-way Flexposts, One-way Flexposts, One-way Flexposts, Two-way Planters, One-way Flexposts, Two-way Parked Cars, One-way Flexposts, One-way Parked Cars, Two-way Curb, Grass (Path), Seperated Path 1 2 3 4 Mean Score 24 Source: Cyclist intercept surveys, Green Lane evaluation …buffer makes me feel safe 3.80 (shared-use path) 3.70 3.60 3.50 3.40 3.30 Mean Score 3.20 3.10 3.00 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 Tot al Widt h (ft) Far Edge of Bicycle Facility to Near Edge of Motor Vehicle Lane 25 Buffer comfort Very Uncomfortable (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Very Comfortable (6) With planters separating the bikeway With a 2-3 foot buffer and plastic flexposts With a raised concrete curb With a painted buffer and parked cars With a painted 2-3 foot buffer With a solid painted buffer 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 26 Source: Cyclist intercept surveys, Green Lane evaluation 4.