Scallop (Queen) Dredge on Maerl
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Fisheries (Southland and Sub-Antarctic Areas Commercial Fishing) Regulations 1986 (SR 1986/220)
Reprint as at 1 October 2017 Fisheries (Southland and Sub-Antarctic Areas Commercial Fishing) Regulations 1986 (SR 1986/220) Paul Reeves, Governor-General Order in Council At Wellington this 2nd day of September 1986 Present: The Right Hon G W R Palmer presiding in Council Pursuant to section 89 of the Fisheries Act 1983, His Excellency the Governor-Gener- al, acting by and with the advice and consent of the Executive Council, hereby makes the following regulations. Contents Page 1 Title, commencement, and application 4 2 Interpretation 4 Part 1 Southland area Total prohibition 3 Total prohibitions 15 Note Changes authorised by subpart 2 of Part 2 of the Legislation Act 2012 have been made in this official reprint. Note 4 at the end of this reprint provides a list of the amendments incorporated. These regulations are administered by the Ministry for Primary Industries. 1 Fisheries (Southland and Sub-Antarctic Areas Reprinted as at Commercial Fishing) Regulations 1986 1 October 2017 Certain fishing methods prohibited 3A Certain fishing methods prohibited in defined areas 16 3AB Set net fishing prohibited in defined area from Slope Point to Sand 18 Hill Point Minimum set net mesh size 3B Minimum set net mesh size 19 3BA Minimum net mesh for queen scallop trawling 20 Set net soak times 3C Set net soak times 20 3D Restrictions on fishing in paua quota management areas 21 3E Labelling of containers for paua taken in any PAU 5 quota 21 management area 3F Marking of blue cod pots and fish holding pots [Revoked] 21 Trawling 4 Trawling prohibited -
Marine Bivalve Molluscs
Marine Bivalve Molluscs Marine Bivalve Molluscs Second Edition Elizabeth Gosling This edition first published 2015 © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd First edition published 2003 © Fishing News Books, a division of Blackwell Publishing Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030‐5774, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley‐blackwell. The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author(s) have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. -
1 - R.Int.Drv/Rh/Lbrest 2001-01
Direction des Ressources Vivantes/Ressources Halieutiques/Laboratoire Côtier Brest PITEL Mathilde BERTHOU Patrick FIFAS Spyros fév 2001 - R.INT.DRV/RH/LBREST 2001-01 1 - Dredge design and fisheries Les dragues françaises et la pêcherie 2 - Environnemental impact Impact sur l’environnement 3 - Management Gestion Programme ECODREDGE 1999-2001 Report 1 – Dredge designs and fisheries These 3 reports have been realised during Ecodredge Program (1999-2001) and contribute to a final ECODREDGE report on international dredges designs and fisheries, environnemetal impact and management. REPORT 1 DREDGE DESIGNS AND FISHERIES ECODREDGE Report 1 – Dredge designs and fisheries Table of contents 1 DREDGE DESIGNS....................................................................................... 5 1.1 Manual dredges for sea-shore fishing................................................................... 7 1.1.1 Recreational fisheries....................................................................................... 7 1.1.2 Professional fisheries........................................................................................ 7 1.2 Flexible Dredges for King scallops (Pecten maximus)......................................... 9 1.3 Flexible and rigid dredges for Warty venus (Venus verrucosa) ....................... 14 1.4 Flexible Dredge for Queen scallops (Chlamys varia, Chlamys opercularia)..... 18 1.5 Rigid Dredges for small bivalves......................................................................... 19 1.6 Flexible Dredge for Mussels -
Phylum MOLLUSCA Chitons, Bivalves, Sea Snails, Sea Slugs, Octopus, Squid, Tusk Shell
Phylum MOLLUSCA Chitons, bivalves, sea snails, sea slugs, octopus, squid, tusk shell Bruce Marshall, Steve O’Shea with additional input for squid from Neil Bagley, Peter McMillan, Reyn Naylor, Darren Stevens, Di Tracey Phylum Aplacophora In New Zealand, these are worm-like molluscs found in sandy mud. There is no shell. The tiny MOLLUSCA solenogasters have bristle-like spicules over Chitons, bivalves, sea snails, sea almost the whole body, a groove on the underside of the body, and no gills. The more worm-like slugs, octopus, squid, tusk shells caudofoveates have a groove and fewer spicules but have gills. There are 10 species, 8 undescribed. The mollusca is the second most speciose animal Bivalvia phylum in the sea after Arthropoda. The phylum Clams, mussels, oysters, scallops, etc. The shell is name is taken from the Latin (molluscus, soft), in two halves (valves) connected by a ligament and referring to the soft bodies of these creatures, but hinge and anterior and posterior adductor muscles. most species have some kind of protective shell Gills are well-developed and there is no radula. and hence are called shellfish. Some, like sea There are 680 species, 231 undescribed. slugs, have no shell at all. Most molluscs also have a strap-like ribbon of minute teeth — the Scaphopoda radula — inside the mouth, but this characteristic Tusk shells. The body and head are reduced but Molluscan feature is lacking in clams (bivalves) and there is a foot that is used for burrowing in soft some deep-sea finned octopuses. A significant part sediments. The shell is open at both ends, with of the body is muscular, like the adductor muscles the narrow tip just above the sediment surface for and foot of clams and scallops, the head-foot of respiration. -
A5.434 Limaria Hians Beds in Tide-Swept Sublittoral Muddy Mixed Sediment
European Red List of Habitats - Marine Habitat Group A5.434 Limaria hians beds in tide-swept sublittoral muddy mixed sediment Summary The flame or gaping file shell Limaria hians creates nests by weaving together tough threads (byssus) with surrounding material such as seaweed, maerl, shells and detritus. Adjoining nests coalesce to form larger structures often with considerable numbers of flame shells buried within them. In some locations, where conditions allow, contiguous flame shell nests can carpet the bed for several hectares. The carpets create a unique habitat that stabilises the sediment and provides an attachment surface for many organisms including hydroids, bryozoans, ascidians and seaweeds. Flame shell beds are highly vulnerable to seabed trawling and dredging together with other activities which abrade the seabed. There have been few studies on their resilience but they are believed to have a low recoverability when all nest material is removed. Other pressures include smothering, change in hydrological conditions and poor water quality. The control and management of the use of trawls and dredges for demersal fishing is the main measure required for the protection and maintenance of this habitat. In addition, local statutory or voluntary controls on water quality, such as prevention of discharges of contaminated water or the regulation of activities that causes increased turbidity and siltation. Synthesis This habitat has a restricted distribution in the North East Atlantic Region, with current known records confined to the west coast of Scotland and one sea lough in Ireland. There are no long term (>50 year) data sets, but more recent studies show that several known beds in Scotland have declined in extent and density of L. -
Impacts of Shellfish Aquaculture on the Environment
Shellfish Industry Development Strategy A Case for Considering MSC Certification for Shellfish Cultivation Operations April 2008 CONTENTS Page Executive Summary 3 Introduction 5 Mollusc Cultivation Mussel Cultivation Bottom Culture 6 Spat Collection 6 Harvesting 7 Suspended Culture 7 Longline Culture 8 Pole Culture 8 Raft Culture 9 Spat Collection 10 Environmental Impacts 11 Scallop Cultivation Japanese Method 13 New Zealand Methods 15 Scottish Methods 15 Environmental Impacts 16 Abalone Cultivation 16 Hatchery Production 17 Sea Culture 17 Diet 18 Environmental Impacts 19 Clam Cultivation 19 Seed Procurement 20 Manila Clams 20 Blood Cockles 20 Razor Clams 21 Siting of Grow Out Plots 21 Environmental Impacts 21 Oyster Cultivation 23 Flat Oysters 24 Cupped Oysters 24 Hanging Culture 24 Raft Culture 24 Longline Culture 25 Rock Culture 25 Stake Culture 25 Trestle Culture 25 Stick Culture 26 1 Ground Culture 26 Environmental Impacts 27 Crustacean Culture Clawed Lobsters Broodstock 29 Spawning 29 Hatching 29 Larval Culture 30 Nursery Culture 30 On-Growing 31 Ranching 31 Environmental Impacts 32 Spiny Lobsters 32 Broodstock and Spawning 33 Larval Culture 33 On-Growing 33 Environmental Impacts 34 Crab Cultivation Broodstock and Larvae 34 Nursery Culture 35 On-growing 35 Soft Shell Crab Production 36 Environmental Impacts 36 Conclusions 37 Acknowledgements 40 References 40 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The current trend within the seafood industry is a focus on traceability and sustainability with consumers and retailers becoming more concerned about the over-exploitation of our oceans. The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) has a sustainability certification scheme for wild capture fisheries. Currently there is no certification scheme for products from enhanced fisheries1 and aquaculture2. -
Faroe Islands Queen Scallop Fishery
Vottunarstofan Tún ehf. Sustainable Fisheries Scheme Marine Stewardship Council Fisheries Assessment Faroe Islands Queen Scallop Fishery Final Report Client: O.C. Joensen Page | 1 Faroe Islands Queen Scallop Fishery – Final Report 6 August 2013 Assessment Team Members: Gudrun G. Thorarinsdottir Ph.D. Gunnar Á. Gunnarsson Ph.D. Kjartan Hoydal Cand.Scient. Louise le Roux M.Sc., Assessment Coordinator, Team Leader Assessment Secretaries: Gunnar Á. Gunnarsson Ph.D. Louise le Roux M.Sc. Certification Body: Client: Vottunarstofan Tún ehf. O.C. Joensen Þarabakki 3 P.O. Box 40 IS-109 Reykjavík FO-450 Oyri Iceland Faroe Islands Tel.: +354 511 1330 Tel: +298 585 825 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] This is a Final Report on the MSC assessment of the Faroe Islands Queen Scallop fishery. An objection may be lodged with the MSC´s Independent Adjudicator in conformity with the MSC Objections Procedure found in Annex CD of MSC´s Certification Requirements during a period of 15 working days from the date of the posting of this report and the determination on the MSC website. Page | 2 Faroe Islands Queen Scallop Fishery – Final Report Table of Contents Glossary of Terms Used in the Report ........................................................................................... 6 1. Executive summary ............................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Scope of the Assessment ........................................................................................................ 8 -
Fisheries (Southland and Sub-Antarctic Areas Commercial Fishing) Regulations 1986 (SR 1986/220)
Fisheries (Southland and Sub-Antarctic Areas Commercial Fishing) Regulations 1986 (SR 1986/220) Note Changes authorised by section 17C of the Acts and Regulations Publication Act 1989 have been made in this eprint. A general outline of these changes is set out in the notes at the end of this eprint, together with other explanatory material about this eprint. These regulations are administered in the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. PURSUANT to section 89 of the Fisheries Act 1983, His Excellency the Governor-General, acting by and with the advice and consent of the Executive Council, hereby makes the following regulations. Contents 1 Title, commencement, and application 2 Interpretation Part 1 Southland area Total prohibition 3 Total prohibitions Certain fishing methods prohibited 3A Certain fishing methods prohibited in defined areas 3AB Set net fishing prohibited in defined area from Slope Point to Sand Hill Point Minimum set net mesh size 3B Minimum set net mesh size 3BA Minimum net mesh for queen scallop trawling Set net soak times 3C Set net soak times 3D Restrictions on fishing in paua quota management areas 3E Labelling of containers for paua taken in any PAU 5 quota management area 3F Marking of blue cod pots and fish holding pots Trawling 4 Trawling prohibited in Foveaux Strait [Revoked] 4 Trawling prohibited in defined area from Slope Point to Sand Hill Point 4A Use of 60mm mesh trawl net permitted south of 48°S at certain times 4B Solander Trench closed to trawling and bottom-longlining by certain vessels Rock lobsters -
Stromeferry Appraisal
Stromeferry Appraisal DMRB Stage 2 Report Volume 2 – Environment Assessment (Final Draft) September 2014 Prepared for: The Highland Council UNITED KINGDOM & IRELAND The Highland Council: DMRB Stage 2 Report, Volume 2 REVISION SCHEDULE Rev Date Details Prepared by Reviewed by Approved by 1 May 2014 Draft Report Seán Fallon Nigel Hackett Nigel Hackett Senior Planner Technical Technical Director Director 2 September Final Draft Report John Bacon Seán Fallon 2014 Assistant Senior Planner Environmental Consultant John Devenny Senior Landscape Architect Graeme Hull Senior Ecologist Peter Morgan Associate Geology & Soils Gareth Hodgkiss Senior Air Quality Consultant Dan Atkinson Principal Noise Consultant Laura Garcia Senior Heritage Consultant Sally Homoncik Assistant Hydrologist Jill Irving Senior Engineer URS Infrastructure & Environment UK Limited 2nd Floor, Apex 2, 97 Haymarket Terrace Edinburgh EH12 5HD Tel +44 (0) 131 347 1100 Fax +44 (0) 131 347 1101 www.urs.com DMRB STAGE 2 OPTIONS ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT (FINAL DRAFT) September 2014 i The Highland Council: DMRB Stage 2 Report, Volume 2 Limitations URS Infrastructure & Environment UK Limited (“URS”) has prepared this Report for the sole use of The Highland Council (“Client”) in accordance with the Agreement under which our services were performed for the Stromeferry Options Appraisal (URS job number 47065291). No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made as to the professional advice included in this Report or any other services provided by URS. This Report is confidential and may not be disclosed by the Client nor relied upon by any other party without the prior and express written agreement of URS. The conclusions and recommendations contained in this Report are based upon information provided by others and upon the assumption that all relevant information has been provided by those parties from whom it has been requested and that such information is accurate. -
Scottish Biodiversity Strategy Post-2020: a Statement of Intent
Scottish Biodiversity Strategy Post-2020: A Statement of Intent December 2020 INTRODUCTION have to change how we interact with and care for nature. The world faces the challenges of climate change and biodiversity loss. Globally, The twin global crises of biodiversity loss nationally and locally an enormous effort and climate change require us to work is needed to tackle these closely linked with nature to secure a healthier planet. issues. As we move from the United Our Climate Change Plan update outlines Nations Decade on Biodiversity to the new, boosted and accelerated policies, beginning of the United Nations Decade putting us on a pathway to our ambitious of Ecosystem Restoration, with climate change targets and to deliver a preparations being made for the range of co-benefits including for Convention on Biological Diversity’s biodiversity. The way we use land and Conference of the Parties 15 to be held in sea has to simultaneously enable the 2021, this is an appropriate time to reflect transition to net zero as part of a green and set out our broad intentions on how economic recovery, adapt to a changing we will approach the development of a climate and improve the state of nature. new post-2020 Scottish Biodiversity This is an unprecedented tripartite Strategy. challenge. The new UN Decade signals the massive The devastating impact of COVID-19 has effort needed and it is highlighted our need to be far more resilient to pandemics and other ‘shocks’ “…a rallying call for the protection which may arise from degraded nature. and revival of ecosystems around Our Programme for Government and the world, for the benefit of people Climate Change Plan update set out and nature… Only with healthy steps we will take to support a green ecosystems can we enhance recovery. -
Volume III of This Document)
4.1.3 Coastal Migratory Pelagics Description and Distribution (from CMP Am 15) The coastal migratory pelagics management unit includes cero (Scomberomous regalis), cobia (Rachycentron canadum), king mackerel (Scomberomous cavalla), Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus) and little tunny (Euthynnus alleterattus). The mackerels and tuna in this management unit are often referred to as ―scombrids.‖ The family Scombridae includes tunas, mackerels and bonitos. They are among the most important commercial and sport fishes. The habitat of adults in the coastal pelagic management unit is the coastal waters out to the edge of the continental shelf in the Atlantic Ocean. Within the area, the occurrence of coastal migratory pelagic species is governed by temperature and salinity. All species are seldom found in water temperatures less than 20°C. Salinity preference varies, but these species generally prefer high salinity. The scombrids prefer high salinities, but less than 36 ppt. Salinity preference of little tunny and cobia is not well defined. The larval habitat of all species in the coastal pelagic management unit is the water column. Within the spawning area, eggs and larvae are concentrated in the surface waters. (from PH draft Mackerel Am. 18) King Mackerel King mackerel is a marine pelagic species that is found throughout the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea and along the western Atlantic from the Gulf of Maine to Brazil and from the shore to 200 meter depths. Adults are known to spawn in areas of low turbidity, with salinity and temperatures of approximately 30 ppt and 27°C, respectively. There are major spawning areas off Louisiana and Texas in the Gulf (McEachran and Finucane 1979); and off the Carolinas, Cape Canaveral, and Miami in the western Atlantic (Wollam 1970; Schekter 1971; Mayo 1973). -
Shelled Molluscs
Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) Archimer http://www.ifremer.fr/docelec/ ©UNESCO-EOLSS Archive Institutionnelle de l’Ifremer Shelled Molluscs Berthou P.1, Poutiers J.M.2, Goulletquer P.1, Dao J.C.1 1 : Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Plouzané, France 2 : Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France Abstract: Shelled molluscs are comprised of bivalves and gastropods. They are settled mainly on the continental shelf as benthic and sedentary animals due to their heavy protective shell. They can stand a wide range of environmental conditions. They are found in the whole trophic chain and are particle feeders, herbivorous, carnivorous, and predators. Exploited mollusc species are numerous. The main groups of gastropods are the whelks, conchs, abalones, tops, and turbans; and those of bivalve species are oysters, mussels, scallops, and clams. They are mainly used for food, but also for ornamental purposes, in shellcraft industries and jewelery. Consumed species are produced by fisheries and aquaculture, the latter representing 75% of the total 11.4 millions metric tons landed worldwide in 1996. Aquaculture, which mainly concerns bivalves (oysters, scallops, and mussels) relies on the simple techniques of producing juveniles, natural spat collection, and hatchery, and the fact that many species are planktivores. Keywords: bivalves, gastropods, fisheries, aquaculture, biology, fishing gears, management To cite this chapter Berthou P., Poutiers J.M., Goulletquer P., Dao J.C., SHELLED MOLLUSCS, in FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE, from Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO, Eolss Publishers, Oxford ,UK, [http://www.eolss.net] 1 1.