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Sufism 00a_i-xii_c 14/11/08 17:32 Page i Catharina Raudvere is Professor of the History of Religions at Copenhagen University, and the author of The Book and the Roses: Sufi Women, Visibility, and Zikir in Contemporary Istanbul (I.B.Tauris, 2003), Islam: An Introduction and Muslim Women’s Rituals (both forthcoming, I.B.Tauris). Leif Stenberg is Associate Professor of Islamology at Lund University, and co-editor, with Birgit Shaebler, of Globalization and the Muslim World: Culture, Religion and Modernity. Sufism 00a_i-xii_c 14/11/08 17:32 Page ii Library of Modern Religion 1. Returning to Religion: Why a Secular Age is Haunted by Faith Jonathan Benthall 978 1 84511 718 4 2. Knowing the Unknowable: Science and Religions on God and the Universe John Bowker [Ed] 978 1 84511 757 3 3. Sufism Today: Heritage and Tradition in the Global Community Catharina Raudvere & Leif Stenberg [Eds.] 978 1 84511 762 7 4. Apocalyptic Islam and Iranian Shi’ism Abbas Amanat 978 1 84511 124 3 5. Global Pentecostalism: Encounters with Other Religious Traditions David Westerlund 978 1 84511 877 8 6. Dying for Faith: Religiously Motivated Violence in the Contemporary World Madawi Al-Rasheed & Marat Shterin [Eds.] 978 1 84511 686 6 7. The Hindu Erotic: Exploring Hinduism and Sexuality David Smith 978 1 84511 361 2 8. The Power of Tantra: Religion, Sexuality and the Politics of South Asian Studies Hugh B. Urban 978 1 84511 873 0 9. Jewish Identities in Iran: Resistance and Conversion to Islam and the Baba’i Faith Mehrdad Amanat 978 1 84511 891 4 10. Islamic Reform and Conservatism: Al-Azhar and the Evolution of Modern Sunni Islam Indira Falk Gesink 978 1 84511 936 2 11. Muslim Women’s Rituals: Authority and Gender in the Islamic World Catharina Raudvere and Margaret Rausch 978 1 84511 643 9 Sufism 00a_i-xii_c 14/11/08 17:32 Page iii Sufism Today Heritage and Tradition in the Global Community Edited by Catharina Raudvere and Leif Stenberg Sufism 00a_i-xii_c 14/11/08 17:32 Page iv Published in 2009 by I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd 6 Salem Road, London W2 4BU 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 www.ibtauris.com Distributed in the United States and Canada exclusively by Palgrave Macmillan, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 Copyright © 2009 Catharina Raudvere and Leif Stenberg The right of Catharina Raudvere and Leif Stenberg to be identified as the editors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. This book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Library of Modern Religion, vol. 3 ISBN: 978 1 84511 762 7 A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library A full CIP record is available from the Library of Congress Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: available Designed and Typeset by 4word Ltd, Bristol, UK Printed and bound in Great Britain by TJ International, Padstow, Cornwall Sufism 00a_i-xii_c 14/11/08 17:32 Page v Contents List of Contributors vii List of Illustrations x Acknowledgements xi Translocal mobility and traditional authority 1 Sufi practices and discourses as facets of everyday Muslim life Catharina Raudvere and Leif Stenberg The politics of Sufism 13 Is there one? Paul L. Heck Transnationalising personal and religious identities 31 Muhammad Sa’id Ramadan al-Buti’s adaptation of E. Xanî’s ‘Mem û Zîn’ Andreas Christmann Between home and home 49 Conceptions of Sufi heritage in Bosnia-Herzegovina and in Swedish Bosniak diaspora Catharina Raudvere Continuity and transformation in a Naqshbandi tariqa in Britain 65 The changing relationship between mazar (shrine) and dar-al-ulum (seminary) revisited Ron Geaves A translocal Sufi movement 83 Developments among Naqshbandi-Haqqani in London Simon Stjernholm Sufism 00a_i-xii_c 14/11/08 17:32 Page vi vi Sufism Today One foot rooted in Islam, the other foot circling the world 103 Tradition and engagement in a Turkish Sufi cemaat Heiko Henkel Creativity and stability in the making of Sufi tradition 117 The Tariqa Qadiriyya in Aleppo, Syria Paulo G. Pinto Sacred spaces, rituals and practices 137 The mazars of Saiyid Pir Waris Shah and Sha ‘Abdu’l Latif Bhitai Uzma Rehman Encountering Sufism on the Web 159 Two Halveti-Jerrahi paths and their missions in the USA Margaret J. Rausch Sufism in the USA 177 Creolisation, hybridisation, syncretisation? Oluf Schönbeck Strategies for concord 189 The transformation of Tariqa Burhaniya in the European environment Søren Christian Lassen Sufism contextualised 209 The Mevlevi tradition in Germany Gritt Klinkhammer Notes to Chapters 229 Index 253 Sufism 00a_i-xii_c 14/11/08 17:32 Page vii List of Contributors Andreas Christmann is senior lecturer in Contemporary Islam at the University of Manchester. His research interests focus on religious thought and practice in twentieth-century Islam, Sufism and modern Qur’anic hermeneu- tics. His publications include as co-editor Studia Semitica (2005) and Studies in Islamic Law (2007) and as co-author Sufism and Theology (2007) ed. by Ayman Shihadeh (chapter: ‘Reconciling Sufism with theology: Abu l-Wafa al- Taftazani and the construct of ‘al-Tasawwuf al-Islami’ in modern Egypt’) and Modern and Postmodern Approaches to the Qur’an (2003) ed. by S. Taji-Farouki (chapter: ‘The form is permanent, but the content moves: text and interpreta- tions in the writings of Mohamad Shahrour’). Ron Geaves is professor of the comparative study of religion at Liverpool Hope University and Director of the Centre for the Applied Study of Muslims and Islam in Britain. He began his studies of Islam in Britain in the Community Religion Project at the University of Leeds in 1988 and is the current President of the Muslims in Britain Research Network. He is the author of several books on Muslims in the West, especially Britain, including Sufis of Britain (2000) and Islam and the West Post 9/11 (2004). Paul L. Heck is associate professor of Islamic Studies at Georgetown University’s Department of Theology. He received his PhD from the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilization at the University of Chicago, followed by a postdoctoral fellowship at Princeton University’s Society of Fellows. His publications focus on Muslim conceptions of the rela- tion of religion and religious knowledge to society and the public sphere. He has recently edited Sufism and Politics. The Power of Spirituality (2007). Heiko Henkel is assistant professor at the Institute of Anthropology at the University of Copenhagen. He received his PhD from Princeton in 2004 and subsequently held a postdoctoral fellowship by the British Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC). His current research focuses on the social condi- tions that shape contemporary interpretations of the Islamic tradition in Turkey Sufism 00a_i-xii_c 14/11/08 17:32 Page viii viii Sufism Today and Western Europe by Muslim practitioners as well as by non-Muslims. He is particularly interested in the repertoire of institutions and disciplines that prac- titioners employ to shape their life-worlds as Muslim and themselves as pious Muslims. Gritt Klinkhammer is professor of the study of religions at the University of Bremen. Her main research interests are the sociology of religion, Islam in Europe and the plurality of religious culture in Western societies today. She is the author of Moderne Formen islamischer Lebensführung (2000) and the editor of Dialog auf dem Prüfstand. Kriterien und Standards der interkulturellen und interreligiösen Kommunikation (2008) and together with Markus Dressler and Ron Geaves Global networking and locality. Sufis in the West (forthcoming). Søren Christian Lassen is external lecturer in history of religions at the University of Copenhagen. His research areas are Sufism and popular Islam in South Asia, as well as Sufi movements and Muslim groups in Western Europe. His studies include A Meeting Place of Traditions. Ritual Practice and Leadership Strategies in an Islamic Religious Institution in South India (unpublished PhD thesis from the University of Copenhagen) and ‘Growing up as a Sufi. Generational change in the Burhaniya Sufi order’ in Ron Geaves et al. (eds) Global Networking and Locality. Sufis in Western Societies (forthcoming). Paulo G. Pinto is associate professor of anthropology and the director of the Center for Middle East Studies at the Universidade Federal Fluminense in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He received his PhD from Boston University (2002),Mystical Bodies: Ritual, Experience and the Embodiment of Sufism in Syria. He has several publications in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese and is currently work- ing on a book manuscript. Catharina Raudvere is professor of history of religions at the Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies, University of Copenhagen. Her research interests focus on Turkey and the Balkans, contemporary Sufism and Sufi ritu- als. She has published the monograph The Book and the Roses. Sufi Women, Visibility, and Zikir in Contemporary Istanbul (2002). She is currently working on a book on Bosnian Muslims in Sweden, and a book project, Muslim Women’s Rituals. Gender and Authority in the Islamic World, co-authored with Margaret Rausch. She has also co-edited a volume, Turkey in Europe (2008), with Dietrich Jung. Margaret J. Rausch is assistant professor at the University of Kansas. She received her PhD in Islamic Studies from the Free University of Berlin in 1997. Her areas of research include: Sufism, Muslim women, ritual and religious educa- tional practices in Morocco,Tajikistan,Turkey and the diaspora. Her publications include Bodies, Boundaries and Spirit Possession: Moroccan Women and the Revision Sufism 00a_i-xii_c 14/11/08 17:32 Page ix List of Contributors ix of Tradition (2000).

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