De Sussex Spaniel

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De Sussex Spaniel Meesterwerk Tekst en illustraties: Ria Hörter Augustus Elliot Fuller (1777-1857) De Sussex Spaniel In Meesterwerk stellen we hondenrassen voor die zonder die ene fokker niet zouden bestaan. Dit keer is die fokker een steenrijke Engelse landeigenaar, woonachtig in Sussex, Wales en Londen en eigenaar van overzeese bezittingen. Zijn negentiende eeuwse ’Rose Hill’ Spaniels staan model voor de huidige Sussex Spaniels... Zwaar werk die rond 1795 aanwijsbaar begint met voorlopers. Het verhaal van de Sussex Vrijwel iedere kynologische auteur het fokken van Spaniels voor de jacht. Spaniel begint – hoe kan het anders – gaat er van uit dat Augustus Elliot (ook Spaniels die we vandaag de dag als in het Engelse graafschap Sussex, in gespeld Eliot, Eliott of Elliott) Fuller Sussex Spaniels betitelen of die we zuidoost Engeland. De Sussex Spaniel één van de eersten, zo niet de eerste, is tenminste kunnen zien als hun vroege werd en wordt gefokt voor de jacht in • De afbeelding met Spaniels uit Sydenham Edwards’ ’Cynographia Brittannica’ (1799-1805). Vier Spaniels in de kleuren lever en wit, zwart en wit, zandkleurig lever en lemon en wit. Getekend in de periode dat Augustus Fuller begint met de fokkerij van Sussex Spaniels. 64 Onze Hond 10 | 2010 Meesterwerk de dichte begroeiing op de zware kleigronden in dit graafschap. Niet zo maar een Spaniel, maar een zwaarge- bouwde hond voor zwaar werk. Squire De familie Fuller heeft haar wortels in Uckfield en Waldron (oost Sussex). De oudste Fuller die ik heb kunnen vinden is John Fuller, een rechtstreekse voorvader van Augustus Elliot, die in 1446 in Londen wordt geboren. Voor de recente familiegeschiedenis gaan we terug naar John Trayton Fuller (1743- 1811). Zijn beroep staat vermeld als ’employed as Squire’. In de achttiende en negentiende eeuw is er in de dorpen in Engeland vaak één aristocra- • ’Heathfield Park’, een bezitting die Augustus Fullers moeder in de familie brengt tische familie die veel land bezit. bij haar huwelijk in 1776. Gewoonlijk resideert die familie in het grootste huis van het dorp, het ’manor house’ of de ’mansion’. Het dochter van George Augustus Elliot dankt zijn namen aan zijn grootvader hoofd van zo’n familie wordt vaak 1st Baron Heathfield en Anne Pollexen van moederszijde. Augustus Elliot ’the squire’ genoemd. Drake. Onze hoofdpersoon, Augustus wordt op 2 juni 1777 in de kerk van In 1776 trouwt John Trayton Fuller Elliot Fuller, wordt 7 mei 1777 Heathfield gedoopt. Zijn ouders – zij is met Anne Elliot (1754-1835). Zij is de geboren als hun oudste zoon en hij elf jaar jonger dan hij – vestigen zich • Het enige bekende portret van Augustus Elliot Fuller Esq. of Rosehill, 1777-1857. Een grote man met een hoog voorhoofd en weinig haar. • Een ’Sussex Spaniel’ rond 1800. De huidige Sussex is met wat fantasie hierin Eenvoudig gekleed en in zijn handen te herkennen. houdt hij een opgerold stuk papier. 10 | 2010 Onze Hond 65 Meesterwerk • Schilderij van George Stubbs (1724- 1806): ’Bayhunter, Springer and Sussex’ uit 1782. Gemaakt circa tien jaar voordat Augustus Fuller zich met de fokkerij gaat bezighouden. Dit is één van de oudste, zo niet de oudste afbeelding van een type Sussex • ’Rosehill’ begin twintigste eeuw. Augustus Fuller erft het in 1834 van zijn neef Spaniel op een schilderij. Jack (’Mad Jack’) Fuller. op ’Brayley Park’, dat later wordt van John Trayton en Anne geboren en de Royal Navy aan, een officier bij de omgedoopt in ’Heathfield Park.’ in ’Ashdown House’ volgen nummer dragonders, een ’Baronet Major’, een Moeder Anne brengt deze bezitting in tien en elf, in 1792 en 1794. Zes zonen dominee, nog een Baronet en de de familie. Als Augustus veertien jaar en vijf dochters groeien op in het echtgenote van een ’medical doctor’. oud is, verhuist het gezin naar ’Ash- negentiende eeuwse Engeland van de Kortom, Augustus Elliot Fuller kan down House’ – voorheen bekend als bevoorrechte klasse. Ze krijgen een zich scharen in de rij van aristocrati- ’Lafertye’ – in East Grinstead (Sussex), voortreffelijke opleiding, passend bij sche en adellijke achttiende en negen- nadat ’Heathfield Park’ is verkocht. hun status. Dat de jacht daarbij een rol tiende eeuwse well-to-do personen, speelt, is eigenlijk niet meer dan die in de gelegenheid zijn het aange- Bevoorrechte klasse vanzelfsprekend. name ruimschoots met het nuttige te In de periode tussen 1776 en 1791 Onder de broers en zusters van verenigen. En dat aangename zijn worden er negen kinderen in het gezin Augustus treffen we twee captains in jagen en jachthonden. Jachtspaniels Honderden jaren voordat Augustus Fuller wordt geboren zijn er in Enge- land al jachtspaniels en men onder- scheidt hen aan de hand van hun werk. Er zijn ’setting spaniels’ voor de nettenjacht, ’cocking spaniels’ voor de jacht op de houtsnip, ’springing spaniels’ voor het opstoten van het wild en ’water spaniels’ voor het apporteren van het waterwild. Het is een bonte mengeling van typen, kleuren en grootten, allemaal met een eeuwenoude historie. Het woord Spaniel komt al in oude wetten van Ierland en Wales voor, • ’Mad Jack’ Fuller is ongelooflijk rijk en bouwt in Sussex een aantal curieuze maar ook in de veertiende eeuwse bouwsels, waaronder een heuse piramide, waarin hij in 1834 wordt begraven. ’Canterbury Tales’ en in diverse 66 Onze Hond 10 | 2010 Meesterwerk vijftiende eeuwse boeken, dan gespeld leverkleurig, rood, bruin, wit en black and (1804), John Francis (1806-1822), als ’Spaynel’ of ’Spanyelles’. Auteurs als tan met tan op de benen en snuit.’ Tot William Lowndes (1810-1825), Lucy de Franse graaf Gaston III de Foix aan het begin van de twintigste eeuw Ann (1811), Richard Garth (1812, (’Phoebus’, veertiende eeuw) en onderscheiden de verschillende typen overlijdt hetzelfde jaar) Catherine dr. Iohannes Caius (zestiende eeuw) zich niet alleen door hun uiterlijk, Sarah (1814), Mary (1817 -1831) en noemen de Spaniel in hun boeken en maar ook door de kleur en enkele jaren Augusta Maria (1818). Kindersterfte latere auteurs geven er een beschrij- zelfs door hun gewicht. beperkt zich niet tot de armen, want ving bij: ’middelmatig groot, ronde Er mag dan nog geen centraal stam- ook Augustus en Clara verliezen, lijven, lange oren, korte neuzen en boek zijn, veel fokkers – met name behalve een baby, ook twee zoons van donkere ogen’. degenen met een eigen type en een respectievelijk 15 en 16 jaar oud en eigen bloedlijn – maken zelf stambo- twee dochters van 14 en 29 jaar oud. Eigen type en eigen bloedlijn men en houden hun fokkerij in die zin Uiteindelijk bereiken slechts vijf van In 1777, Augustus Fullers geboorte- bij dat dekkingen en geboorten hun tien kinderen een leeftijd ouder jaar, is er geen sprake van een stam- worden genoteerd. Soms ook de kleur dan dertig jaar. boek, maar de scheiding van typen en de grootte van de honden en Augustus’ schoonvader woont in Spaniels is in volle gang. Dat is goed te aan- en verkopen. Sommige fokkers Anglesey (Wales) en stamt uit een zien op een afbeelding uit ’Cyno- zijn in de gelegenheid om afbeeldingen familie waarvan de geschiedenis graphia Brittannica’ (1799-1805) van van hun honden te laten maken, hetzij teruggaat tot voor de Romeinse tijd. Sydenham Edwards. Daarop staan vier een eenvoudige gravure of een kleurig In het jaar dat Augustus en Clara Spaniels in de kleuren lever en wit, schilderij. Zo ook Augustus Fuller en trouwen, bewoont de schoonfamilie zwart en wit, zandkleurig lever en daarom weten we hoe twee van zijn Meyrick ’Bodorgan Estate’ in lemon en wit. Edwards schrijft:’Deze Sussex Spaniels er uitzien. Llangadwaladr. Augustus trouwt honden onderscheiden zich door hun geheel volgens zijn stand en als zijn naam: Land Spaniels, zulks in tegenstel- Kindersterfte schoonvader in 1824 overlijdt, erft ling tot de Water Spaniel. Zij kunnen in Op 5 september 1801 trouwt Augus- Augustus’ oudste zoon, Owen John twee soorten worden verdeeld: de tus Fuller met Clara Meyrick (1775- Augustus, ’Bodorgan Estate’, waarna Springer (of hawking) Spaniel en de 1856), de oudste dochter uit het gezin hij zich in Wales vestigt. Regelmatig Cocker Spaniel’. van Owen Putland Meyrick Esq. en reizen Augustus en Clara voor In 1820 schrijft John Scott in ’Sport- Clara Garth. Samen krijgen ze tien langere tijd naar Wales om op Owens man’s Repository’ over de kleuren van kinderen: Clara (1802-1831), Owen landgoed te jagen. Owen bouwt zelfs de diverse soorten Spaniels: ’geel, John Augustus en William Francis kennels ’to house several pack of • ’George’ en ’Romp’, getekend circa 1850 en afgebeeld in • Schilderij van W.L. Turner met als titel ’Spaniels with dead Stonehenge’s boek ’The Dog’ (1859). Ze zijn gefokt door game’. Links waarschijnlijk een Clumber Spaniel, rechts een Augustus Fuller en de huidige Sussex Spaniel is hierin al Sussex Spaniel en aan de waterkant wellicht een Engelse goed te herkennen. Springer Spaniel. 10 | 2010 Onze Hond 67 Meesterwerk hounds for his father to hunt.’ Ook door, waar hij toezicht houdt op zijn andere bronnen geven aan dat plantages. In 1755 komt hij terug naar Augustus een hartstochtelijk jager is, Engeland om daar zijn zaken te ook als hij op ’Ashdown House’ behartigen. verblijft. Zo schrijft Barbara Willard Rose Fullers bezittingen, waaronder de in 1989: ’the eccentric Augustus Elliott estate ’Rose Hill’, worden geërfd door Fuller lived there. He was the one who een neef: John Fuller, bijgenaamd kept his own pack of hounds to aid his ’Mad Jack’. Ook deze neef overlijdt great obsession, the hunting of the hare.’ ongetrouwd (1834) en dan gaat ’Rose En daarmee is het plaatje rond: onze Hill’ over naar weer een andere neef: • Ch. ’Bridford Giddie’, geboren in Augustus Elliot Fuller is een rijke, Augustus Elliot Fuller. 1888. Gefokt door Moses Woolland, negentiende eeuwse excentriekeling Augustus is dan een steenrijk man: in wiens kennel vanaf 1882 tot 1905 een en een gepassioneerd hazenjager.
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